CN113489049B - Grid-side current control method of grid-connected inverter - Google Patents
Grid-side current control method of grid-connected inverter Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/01—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a grid-side current control method of a grid-connected inverter, which is characterized in that a controlled source (alpha v pcc-igZv) is connected in series to a filtering inductance L 1 branch and a filtering capacitance C f branch according to an equivalent topological diagram of an LCL (lower limit) type inverter, wherein i gZv analog damping Z v can inhibit the resonance peak of the inverter, and a controlled voltage source alpha v pcc can resist the influence of grid harmonic voltage on grid-connected current. The controlled source in series with the branch of the inductance L 1 can be integrated into the inverter control, while the controlled source in series with the branch of the capacitance C f needs to be implemented by adding an active compensation device. And the inverter output impedance transfer function can be deduced according to the overall control block diagram of the inverter, and parameter design is carried out based on a passive theory. Therefore, the passive range of the inverter is widened, the output impedance strength of the inverter is enhanced, and the stability of the inverter system and the inhibition capability on power grid disturbance are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of control of photovoltaic grid-connected inverters, and relates to a grid-side current control method of a grid-connected inverter.
Background
In recent years, with the shortage of fossil energy and the increasingly serious environmental pollution problem, renewable energy technology is greatly developed and popularized, and the inverter is used as a key component for new energy grid-connected power generation, and the role of the inverter is very important. In order to attenuate high-frequency switching harmonics generated by on-off of the power devices, the output of the grid-connected inverter is connected with a power grid through an LC or LCL filter, but resonance peaks of the LCL may cause grid-connected current oscillation, and even cause instability of the grid-connected inverter. In particular, under weak grid conditions, coupled resonance between the inverter and the grid occurs due to the interaction of the inverter output impedance with the grid impedance.
In addition, due to penetration of harmonic voltages of the upper power grid and access of various nonlinear loads of the current power grid, the voltage of a public access Point (PCC) under the condition of a weak power grid contains abundant background harmonic. The background harmonic may cause distortion of the grid-connected current of the grid-connected inverter, increasing the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the grid-connected current.
Therefore, certain measures are required to suppress the interaction resonance of the LCL filter and the grid and the influence of the grid voltage harmonics on the grid-connected current. At present, the resonance suppression problem can be solved by introducing passive damping or active damping, the passive damping is simple to realize and high in reliability, and has a good suppression effect on resonance, but the loss of a system is increased. Traditional active damping schemes are sensitive to changes in filter parameters and grid impedance, and typically require additional sensors, increasing system cost and reducing system operational reliability. And the problem of voltage harmonic suppression can be solved by a repetitive controller, a harmonic compensator or a grid voltage feedforward technology. The power grid voltage feedforward control algorithm is simple, the harmonic suppression range is wide, meanwhile, the impulse current in the starting process can be prevented, the steady-state tracking error is reduced, the dynamic performance of the system is improved, and the method is widely applied. However, in weak grid conditions, the grid voltage feedforward introduces additional positive feedback of the grid side current due to the interaction of the inverter with the grid impedance, negatively affecting the stability of the system. In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a network side current control method based on a passive theory aiming at an LCL grid-connected inverter under the weak power grid condition.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the network side current control method of the LCL grid-connected inverter based on the passive theory under the weak current network is provided, and the low-cost active compensation device is connected in series with the capacitor branch of the LCL filter, so that the sufficient passivity and high impedance strength of the output impedance of the inverter are realized, and the stability of the inverter under the weak current network and the inhibition capability of the inverter on the background harmonic wave of the power network are improved. The technical scheme of the invention is a grid-connected inverter grid-side current control method, which comprises the following steps:
S1, incorporating a controlled source: according to an equivalent topological diagram of the LCL type inverter, a controlled source alpha v pcc-igZv is respectively connected in series with a filtering inductance branch and a filtering capacitance branch, wherein alpha is a voltage feedforward coefficient, i g is grid-connected current, v pcc is grid-connected voltage, i gZv simulates damping Z v to inhibit resonance peak of the inverter, and the controlled voltage source alpha v pcc resists the influence of grid harmonic voltage on the grid-connected current; integrating a controlled source connected in series with a filter inductance branch into a control loop of an inverter, and performing feedback control through grid voltage and grid-side current; the controlled source connected in series on the filter capacitor branch is externally added with an active compensation device;
S2, adding an active compensation device and controlling: the compensator is connected in series with a filter capacitor branch, and comprises two low-voltage MOSFET switch tubes, a direct-current side capacitor, a voltage stabilizing tube and a resistor, wherein the two low-voltage MOSFET switch tubes are connected with the direct-current side capacitor, the direct-current side capacitor is connected with the voltage stabilizing tube and the resistor in parallel, and the branch connected with the voltage stabilizing tube and the resistor in series limits the amplitude of bus voltage in the starting process of a circuit.
Preferably, the externally applied active compensation device and the control comprise the following steps:
S21, the grid harmonic voltage feedforward is used for enhancing the output impedance of the inverter at the harmonic frequency, and the voltage of the grid-connected point voltage v pcc is provided for the PWM modulator after being filtered by a trap with the center frequency of 50 Hz;
s22, negative feedback of grid-connected current i g is used as active damping to inhibit resonance of a filter, and a current error signal of a main inverter is used as a control quantity;
S23, feedforward of the bus voltage of the compensator is used for ensuring normal operation of the compensation circuit.
Preferably, the method further comprises main inverter control: the main inverter adopts a quasi PR controller, and the reference current is obtained by multiplying the cosine of the power grid voltage phase output by the SOGI-PLL and the current amplitude.
Preferably, the method also comprises the step of enabling the inverter output impedance transfer function Z o(s) to ensure the passivity of the inverter output impedance, namely that the output impedance phase meets the requirement
Preferably, the method further comprises defining the phase margin as PM according to constraint conditions The control parameters are designed.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention provides a network side current control method of an LCL grid-connected inverter based on a passive theory under a weak current network, which takes the increase of the degree of freedom of closed loop control as an idea and takes a low-cost active compensation device as a means, so that the passive area of the output impedance of the inverter is widened, and the inverter system can still have stronger robustness when the power network impedance changes in a large range under the weak current network condition. Meanwhile, the amplitude of the output impedance of the inverter is increased, the influence of the background harmonic wave of the power grid can be effectively restrained, and the quality of the network access current is improved. In addition, the active compensation device adopted by the invention does not need passive elements, has smaller volume, needs low voltage resistance of a semiconductor switching device and has low circuit cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an equivalent topology of an LCL-type filter inverter in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an active compensation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an overall control block diagram of a grid-tied inverter in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the output impedance Bode of a prior art grid-side current-controlled inverter;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the output impedance Bode of the grid-side current-controlled inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a grid-connected current and PCC voltage waveform for grid-side current control with a grid impedance of 10m in the prior art;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing grid-connected current and PCC voltage waveforms for grid-side current control with a 10mh grid impedance in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a grid-tied current and PCC voltage waveform for grid-side current control with a grid impedance of 15mh and PCC point added to a nonlinear load in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and variations as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Further, in the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present invention. The present invention will be fully understood by those skilled in the art without the details described herein.
Referring to fig. 1, an equivalent topology of an LCL-type filter inverter is shown. Wherein i 1 represents inverter side current, i c represents filter capacitor current, i g represents grid-connected current, v 1 represents inverter bridge arm output voltage, v pcc represents common-side (PCC) grid voltage, namely grid-connected point voltage;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an active compensation device structure and control. Wherein S 1、S2 is a low-voltage MOSFET switch tube, C dc is a direct-current side capacitor, v dc is a direct-current side capacitor voltage, and v pn is a voltage injected into a filter capacitor branch; the drain terminal of S 1 is connected with the source terminal of S 2, the source terminal of S 1 is connected with the positive electrode of the DC measurement capacitor C dc, and the drain terminal of S 2 is connected with the negative electrode of the DC measurement capacitor C dc.
Fig. 3 is an overall control block diagram of the inverter system. Wherein I m denotes a reference current amplitude, α denotes a voltage feedforward coefficient, G pll(s) denotes a phase-locked loop gain, G PR(s) denotes a quasi-PR controller, G d(s) denotes a delay introduced by a digital controller, G BPF(s) denotes a band-pass filter, G BSF(s) denotes a band-stop filter, and Z g(s) denotes a grid impedance;
the grid-connected inverter grid-side current control method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps of:
S1, incorporating a controlled source: according to an equivalent topological diagram of the LCL type inverter, a controlled source alpha v pcc-igZv is respectively connected in series with a filtering inductance branch and a filtering capacitance branch, wherein alpha is a voltage feedforward coefficient, i g is grid-connected current, v pcc is grid-connected voltage, i gZv simulates damping Z v, resonance peak of the inverter is restrained, and the controlled voltage source alpha v pcc resists the influence of grid harmonic voltage on the grid-connected current; integrating a controlled source connected in series with a filter inductance branch into a control loop of an inverter, and performing feedback control through grid voltage and grid-side current; the controlled source connected in series on the filter capacitor branch is externally added with an active compensation device;
S2, adding an active compensation device and controlling: the compensator is connected in series with a filter capacitor branch, and comprises two low-voltage MOSFET switch tubes, a direct-current side capacitor, a voltage stabilizing tube and a resistor, wherein the two low-voltage MOSFET switch tubes are connected with the direct-current side capacitor, the direct-current side capacitor is connected with the voltage stabilizing tube and the resistor in parallel, and the branch connected with the voltage stabilizing tube and the resistor in series limits the amplitude of bus voltage in the starting process of a circuit.
The externally added active compensation device and the control comprise the following steps:
S21, the grid harmonic voltage feedforward is used for enhancing the output impedance of the inverter at the harmonic frequency, and the voltage of the grid-connected point voltage v pcc is provided for the PWM modulator after being filtered by a trap with the center frequency of 50 Hz;
s22, negative feedback of grid-connected current i g is used as active damping to inhibit resonance of a filter, and a current error signal of a main inverter is used as a control quantity;
S23, feedforward of the bus voltage of the compensator is used for ensuring normal operation of the compensation circuit.
Further comprising a main inverter control: the main inverter adopts a quasi PR controller, and the reference current is obtained by multiplying the cosine of the power grid voltage phase output by the SOGI-PLL and the current amplitude.
Further comprises the step of ensuring the passivity of the output impedance of the inverter, namely that the output impedance phase meets the requirement of the transfer function Z o(s)
Also comprises defining the phase margin as PM according to constraint conditions The control parameters are designed.
In a specific embodiment, in order to suppress resonance of the LCL filter and improve the capability of the inverter to resist grid disturbance, according to fig. 1, a controlled source (αv pcc-igZv) is connected in series to a branch of a filter inductor L 1 and a branch of a filter capacitor C f, where i gZv analog damping Z v can suppress resonance peak of the inverter itself, and a controlled voltage source αv pcc can resist the influence of grid harmonic voltage on grid-connected current. The controlled source (αv pcc-igZv) connected in series in the L 1 branch can be integrated into the control loop of the inverter by means of a grid voltage and grid-side current feedback control. The controlled source (αv pcc-igZv) connected in series with the branch of the capacitor C f needs to be implemented by adding an active compensation device.
In a specific application example, the active compensation device structure and control are as follows: the schematic diagram of the active compensation device is shown in fig. 2, the left half part is a circuit schematic diagram of the active compensation device, and the compensator is connected in series with the branch of the filter capacitor C f. Wherein S 1、S2 represents two low-voltage MOSFET switch tubes, C dc is a direct-current side capacitor, and a branch circuit of which the voltage stabilizing tube and the resistor are connected in series is used for limiting the amplitude of bus voltage in the starting process of the circuit. Because the compensating device only needs to process harmonic impedance, the switching tube S 1、S2 can select a low-voltage MOSFET. Meanwhile, the circuit is connected in series with the capacitor branch, so that the capacity to be processed is very small, and the influence on the efficiency of the inverter is almost negligible.
The right half part is an active compensation device control schematic diagram, and specifically comprises three control links: 1) Grid harmonic voltage feed-forward is used to boost the output impedance at the inverter harmonic frequency. The method comprises the steps that voltage v pcc of grid-connected point is provided for a PWM modulator after being filtered by a trap with the center frequency of 50 Hz; 2) Negative feedback of the grid-connected current i g serves as active damping to restrain resonance of the filter. The specific method is that the current error signal of the main inverter is used as the control quantity; 3) The feedforward of the compensator bus voltage is used to ensure proper operation of the compensation circuit.
In a specific application example, the main inverter is controlled as follows: because the current reference signal is sinusoidal, in order to reduce steady state error, the main inverter adopts a quasi PR controller, and the reference current is obtained by multiplying the cosine of the power grid voltage phase output by the SOGI-PLL and the current amplitude I m.
In a specific application example, the control parameters are designed as follows: in conjunction with the overall control block diagram of the available system described above, as shown in fig. 3, further, an inverter output impedance transfer function Z o(s) can be derived that takes the proposed control method.
Further, the output impedance of the inverter needs to ensure the passivity, i.e. the output impedance phase satisfies The system remains stable regardless of the change in grid impedance. To ensure sufficient passivity of the output impedance of the inverter, a certain phase margin is required to be reserved, if the phase margin is defined as PM, the phase margin is defined according to constraint conditionsThe control parameters can be reasonably designed.
The known system parameters are brought into the inverter output impedance transfer function, for example, the phase margin pm=90°, the parameters are designed according to the above principle, the proportionality coefficient K p =50, the feedforward coefficient α=0.5, and the Bode diagram is drawn as shown in fig. 5. Fig. 4 is a graph of the output impedance Bode of a conventional grid-side current-controlled inverter. Compared with the traditional grid-side current control method, the method provided by the invention ensures the sufficient passivity of the output impedance of the inverter in an ultra-wide frequency range, greatly improves the amplitude of the output impedance of the inverter, not only realizes the stability of the inverter under different grid conditions, but also improves the capability of the inverter for resisting grid disturbance. Fig. 6 and fig. 7 are waveforms of grid-connected current and PCC voltage using conventional grid-side current control and using proposed grid-side current control, respectively, in the case of weak current grids. The graph shows that the grid-connected current and the PCC voltage of the inverter controlled by the traditional grid-side current under the weak current grid have serious oscillation, and the THD of the grid-connected current is up to 15.52% and far exceeds the upper limit of 5% specified by GB/T37408-2019. This oscillation is caused by the fact that the phase difference at the crossover frequency of the grid impedance and the inverter output impedance approaches 180 degrees and the passivity is insufficient. Under the same weak network condition, the grid-connected current sine degree by adopting the proposed network side current control method is good, and THD is only 0.93%. Further, as shown in fig. 8, the grid resistance increases to 15mh, and after a 150W rectifying load is added to the PCC point, the grid voltage distortion is aggravated, but the sine degree of the grid-connected current is still very high, and the THD value is only 2.43%. The method for controlling the grid-side current can improve the stability of the inverter under the weak current grid and the inhibition capability of the inverter on the disturbance of the grid.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The grid-side current control method of the grid-connected inverter is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
S1, incorporating a controlled source: according to an equivalent topological diagram of the LCL type inverter, a controlled source alpha v pcc-igZv is respectively connected in series with a filtering inductance branch and a filtering capacitance branch, wherein alpha is a voltage feedforward coefficient, i g is grid-connected current, v pcc is grid-connected voltage, i gZv simulates damping Z v to inhibit resonance peak of the inverter, and the controlled voltage source alpha v pcc resists the influence of grid harmonic voltage on the grid-connected current; integrating a controlled source connected in series with a filter inductance branch into a control loop of an inverter, and performing feedback control through grid voltage and grid-side current; the controlled source is connected in series on the filter capacitor branch and is externally added with an active compensation device;
S2, adding an active compensation device and controlling: the compensator is connected in series with a filter capacitor branch, and comprises two low-voltage MOSFET switch tubes, a direct-current side capacitor, a voltage stabilizing tube and a resistor, wherein the two low-voltage MOSFET switch tubes are connected with the direct-current side capacitor, the direct-current side capacitor is connected with the voltage stabilizing tube and the resistor which are connected in series, and the branch connected with the voltage stabilizing tube and the resistor in series limits the amplitude of bus voltage in the starting process of a circuit;
the externally-added active compensation device and the control method comprise the following steps:
S21, the grid harmonic voltage feedforward is used for enhancing the output impedance of the inverter at the harmonic frequency, and the voltage of the grid-connected point voltage v pcc is provided for the PWM modulator after being filtered by a trap with the center frequency of 50 Hz;
s22, negative feedback of grid-connected current i g is used as active damping to inhibit resonance of a filter, and a current error signal of a main inverter is used as a control quantity;
S23, feedforward of the bus voltage of the compensator is used for ensuring normal operation of the compensation circuit.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising a main inverter control, the main inverter employing a quasi-PR controller, the reference current being obtained by multiplying a cosine of a grid voltage phase output by the SOGI-PLL by a current magnitude.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising letting the inverter output impedance transfer function Z o(s) ensure the inverter output impedance passivity, i.e., the output impedance phase, satisfies
4. A method according to claim 3, further comprising defining the phase margin as PM, according to a constraintThe control parameters are designed.
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| CN113890033A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-04 | 深圳市锐风电子科技有限公司 | Active damping circuit of active power filter and control method thereof |
| CN115632399A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2023-01-20 | 东南大学 | Band-pass filter and advanced correction feedback type active system and damping method |
| CN115954833B (en) * | 2023-03-13 | 2023-05-23 | 石家庄科林电气股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic inverter grid-connected surge impact protection method and device and terminal equipment |
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