CN113482619A - Underground mine waste-free and tail-free mining method - Google Patents
Underground mine waste-free and tail-free mining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113482619A CN113482619A CN202110899687.7A CN202110899687A CN113482619A CN 113482619 A CN113482619 A CN 113482619A CN 202110899687 A CN202110899687 A CN 202110899687A CN 113482619 A CN113482619 A CN 113482619A
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003921 particle size analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for mining underground mines without waste and tail, which comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out underground coarse crushing on waste rocks generated in underground development and mining and cutting processes, then lifting the crushed waste rocks to the ground surface through a main mine lifting system, processing the crushed waste rocks into building material materials for resource utilization, constructing no dump in mines, realizing mining of mines without dump, increasing extra income of enterprises, and changing waste into valuables; secondly, forming concentrate and tailings after the ore recovered underground is subjected to the process flows of crushing, screening, mineral separation and the like, conveying the concentrate to a smelting plant for refining after filter pressing, carrying out classification treatment on the tailings, concentrating, activating and stirring the classified fine tailings to form cemented filling tailings, filling the cemented filling tailings to an underground goaf through a filling drill hole and a filling pipeline, and controlling the ground pressure of a stope to be displayed; and the residual grading coarse tailings are sold for outside or recycled for brick making and sand making, so that the mining of a newly-built tailing pond of the mine is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a waste-free and tail-free mining method for underground mines.
Background
In traditional mining, part of solid wastes (barren rocks and tailings) such as tailings and barren rocks generated in mining and selection operations are used for backfilling an underground goaf, and the rest of the solid wastes are mainly treated in a mode of constructing a tailing pond, a barren rock dump or dry tailing pile.
Therefore, a waste-free and tail-free underground mine mining method which meets a new sustainable development mode of ecological mining industry and can increase extra income for enterprises is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The traditional mine solid waste treatment mode does not fundamentally reduce the generation of solid waste, and does not recycle the solid waste into resources, so that the solid waste stacking and treatment become serious burdens for enterprises and society, and the problem that the ecological mine construction requirements cannot be met is solved. In view of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a non-waste and non-tail mining method for underground mines, comprising:
lifting ore and waste rock generated by underground mining to respectively move the coarsely crushed ore and waste rock to the surface;
performing benefit treatment on the coarsely crushed waste rocks on the earth surface, and performing intermediate crushing and screening on the coarsely crushed ores to form concentrate and tailings;
carrying out filter pressing on the concentrate, then transporting the concentrate to a smelting plant, and grading the tailings to respectively obtain fine tailings;
and concentrating and activating the fine tailings to form filling tailings, and filling the filling tailings to an underground stope through a filling drill hole and a pipeline.
Preferably, the process of subjecting the ore and waste rock to a lifting process comprises:
lowering the ore or the waste rock to a middle section haulage roadway through a stope drop shaft;
transporting the ore or the waste rock of the middle section transportation roadway to an underground slip system through a truck or a tramcar;
subjecting the ore or waste rock of the downhole chute system to a coarse comminution process to form coarsely comminuted ore and waste rock;
and lifting the coarsely crushed ore or waste rock to the ground surface through a mine lifting system.
Preferably, the process of performing benefit treatment on the coarsely crushed waste rock on the surface comprises the following steps:
and carrying out pit discharge treatment on the coarsely crushed waste rocks, and transporting the coarsely crushed waste rocks to a treatment plant to obtain benefits.
Preferably, the process of medium size screening the coarsely crushed ore to form concentrate and tailings comprises:
carrying out intermediate crushing on the coarsely crushed ore through a ground surface separation plant to form crushed ore;
the crushed ore is subjected to grinding, flotation, roughing and scavenging processes to form a concentrate, while tailings are produced.
Preferably, the tailings are classified to obtain coarse tailings; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the coarse tailings are used for transportation to a treatment plant to obtain benefits.
Preferably, the treatment plant at least comprises a sand and bone stock ground, a cement plant and a tile plant.
Preferably, the process of concentrating and activating the fine tailings to form the filling tailings comprises the following steps:
placing the fine tailings into a tailing high-efficiency concentration storage device through a slurry pump to obtain concentrated tailings;
and if the underflow concentration of the concentrated tailings in the high-efficiency tailing concentration and storage device reaches the preset concentration, activating and stirring the cementing powder, the additive and the concentrated tailings in a stirring device to obtain the filling tailings.
Preferably, the additive at least comprises an early strength agent, a pumping agent and a flocculating agent.
According to the technical scheme, the underground mine waste-free and tail-free mining method provided by the invention comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out lifting treatment on ores and waste rocks generated by underground mining so as to respectively move the coarsely crushed ores and waste rocks to the ground surface; carrying out benefit treatment on the coarsely crushed waste rock on the ground surface, carrying out middle crushing screening on the coarsely crushed ore to form concentrate and tailings, carrying out filter pressing on the concentrate, transporting the concentrate to a smelting plant, grading the tailings to obtain fine tailings, finally carrying out concentration and activation on the fine tailings to form filling tailings, filling the filling tailings into a drill hole and a pipeline to complete tailings-free mining, and realizing mine tailings-free warehouse mining by grading the tailings, carrying out harmless backfilling on the fine tailings and recycling the coarse tailings in the whole process; and the waste rocks are taken out of the pit and processed into building material after being crushed, so that a dumping site is not built in the mine, the mining without the dumping site in the mine is realized, and the enterprise benefit is increased.
Drawings
Other objects and results of the present invention will become more apparent and more readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following specification taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for waste-free and tail-free mining of an underground mine according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Solves the problem that the traditional solid waste treatment mode of mines does not fundamentally reduce the generation of solid waste and can not adapt to the requirement of ecological civilized construction.
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for non-waste and non-tail mining of underground mines, and the following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to illustrate the underground mine waste-free and tail-free mining provided by the invention, fig. 1 shows an example of the underground mine waste-free and tail-free mining method provided by the embodiment of the invention.
The following description of the exemplary embodiment(s) is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. Techniques and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be considered a part of the specification where appropriate.
As shown in fig. 1, the underground mine waste-free and tail-free mining method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1: lifting ore and waste rock generated by underground mining to respectively move the coarsely crushed ore and waste rock to the surface;
s2: performing benefit treatment on the coarsely crushed waste rocks on the earth surface, and performing intermediate crushing and screening on the coarsely crushed ores to form concentrate and tailings;
s3: carrying out filter pressing on the concentrate, then transporting the concentrate to a smelting plant, and grading the tailings to obtain fine tailings;
s4: and (4) concentrating and activating the fine tailings to form filling tailings, and filling the filling tailings to an underground stope through a filling drill hole and a pipeline.
As shown in fig. 1, in step S1, the process of lifting the ore and the waste rock includes:
s11: lowering the ore or the waste rock into a middle-section haulage roadway through a stope drop shaft;
s12: transporting the ore or the waste rock of the middle-section transportation roadway to an underground slipping system through a truck or a tramcar;
s13: performing coarse crushing treatment on ore or waste rock of a downhole chute crushing system to form coarse crushed ore and waste rock;
s14: and lifting the coarsely crushed ore or waste rock to the ground surface through a mine lifting system.
Step 1 is the process of lifting the ore and waste rock to the surface for subsequent screening and re-use operations.
As shown in fig. 1, step S2 includes: s21: performing benefit treatment on the waste rocks after coarse crushing on the earth surface; s22: performing medium crushing and screening on the coarsely crushed ore to form concentrate and tailings; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the process of performing benefit treatment on the coarsely crushed waste rocks on the earth surface comprises the following steps:
s211: carrying out pit treatment on the coarsely crushed waste rocks, and transporting the coarsely crushed waste rocks to a treatment plant to obtain benefits;
a process for intermediate size screening of coarsely crushed ore to form a concentrate and tailings, comprising:
s221: carrying out medium crushing on the coarsely crushed ore through a ground surface sorting plant to form crushed ore;
s222: the crushed ore is subjected to grinding, flotation, roughing and scavenging processes to form a concentrate, while tailings are produced.
The treatment plant at least comprises a sandstone aggregate field, a cement plant and a tile plant, namely, waste stones are processed into sandstone aggregates, cement, ceramic tiles and the like so as to carry out secondary processing treatment on the waste stones.
Step S2 is a process of performing benefit treatment on waste rocks and screening ores, on one hand, the waste rocks generated by underground mining are put to a middle-section transportation roadway through a stope drop shaft, are transported to an underground slip system by a truck or a rail electric locomotive, are lifted to the ground surface through a mine lifting system after being primarily crushed (coarsely crushed), and are transported to a gravel and bone stock yard through a belt conveyor, and the processed waste rocks are sold to the building industry or the municipal industry, so that a waste dump is not required to be built on the ground surface, the waste rocks are recycled, and extra economic benefits are brought to enterprises; on the other hand, the surface dressing plant produces concentrate and tailings after performing a series of sorting processes such as medium crushing, ore grinding, flotation, roughing, scavenging and the like on useful substances in the ores.
As shown in fig. 1, step S3 is to filter-press the concentrate, transport the concentrate to a smelting plant, grade the tailings to obtain fine tailings, and obtain coarse tailings when grading the tailings, that is, divide the tailings into coarse tailings and fine tailings according to a preset grading limit; wherein, this coarse tailings is used for transporting to the processing factory in order to obtain the benefit, should handle the factory and include grit bone stock ground, cement factory, ceramic tile factory etc. promptly, this coarse tailings is the same with the barren rock, transport this coarse tailings to grit bone stock ground, cement factory, ceramic tile factory etc. in order to process into grit aggregate, cement, ceramic tile etc. to accomplish the secondary operation processing to coarse tailings, so need not to place the place of coarse tailings at the earth's surface construction, and realize tailings resource utilization, bring extra economic benefits for the enterprise.
Step S4 is to perform concentration and activation on the fine tailings to form filling tailings, and fill the filling tailings into the drill holes and pipelines to complete the tailless mining, as shown in FIG. 1; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
s41: the process of concentrating and activating the fine tailings to form the filling tailings comprises the following steps:
s42: placing the fine tailings into a tailing high-efficiency concentration storage device through a slurry pump to obtain concentrated tailings;
s43: and if the underflow concentration of the concentrated tailings in the tailing high-efficiency concentration storage device reaches the preset concentration, activating and stirring the cementing powder, the additive and the concentrated tailings in a stirring device to obtain filling tailings.
Specifically, the produced tailings are subjected to grading treatment through particle size analysis under the condition of meeting the principle of mining and filling balance, the graded fine tailings are conveyed to a tailing high-efficiency concentration storage device through a slurry pump, when the concentration of the underflow reaches the designed concentration, the fine tailings, the cementing powder and various additives are subjected to activation stirring in a stirring device to form cementing filling slurry (filling tailings), and then the cementing filling slurry is conveyed to an underground stope through a filling drill hole and a filling pipeline to be subjected to harmless backfilling. As a safe, green and efficient mining process, the filling mining can carry out ground pressure management, slow down surface subsidence, improve the recovery rate and the ore removal grade of resources, clean and dewater classified coarse tailings, send the cleaned and dewatered coarse tailings into a cement plant, a porcelain manufacturing plant, a brick manufacturing field and the like, and realize the resource utilization of the tailings, so that a tailings pond does not need to be built on the surface, and the mining without a dumping site of a mine is realized.
The yield of tailings of gold mine in Shandong is 94-96%, the original filling system of the mine adopts the classified coarse tailings to conglutinate and backfill the underground stope, the consumed tailings account for about 40-55% of the total amount, and the rest classified fine tailings are discharged to a tailing pond. At present, the tailing pond has reached the design capability, the problem of no tailing pond availability is faced, fine tailings have great influence on the stability and the impermeability of a tailing dam, serious potential safety hazards exist, and waste rocks in an underground stope do not go out of pits, are used for goaf backfilling, and are not recycled.
Therefore, in order to maintain the continuous production of the mine, the traditional solid waste pollution treatment method needs to be changed, and the mine is mined without waste and tail, in one embodiment of the invention,
the granularity of the tailings is measured by a laser particle sizer, and the tailings with the particle size of +100 meshes (150 mu m) accounts for 52 percent; in order to realize underground mining and filling balance, 100 meshes are used as tailing grading boundary, the separated fine tailings are used for backfilling a mining field, the separated coarse tailings are used for making sand, porcelain and the like after being cleaned, a laser particle sizer is used for measuring the granularity of the tailings, the grading fine tailings uniformity coefficient is larger than 4, the curvature coefficient is between 1 and 3, the grading is good, the fluidity and strength characteristic tests of the fine tailing cemented filling slurry are respectively carried out, the filling tests show that the fine tailing cemented filling slurry can meet the requirement of underground pipeline conveying when the concentration is 62-66%, and the ash-sand ratio is 1: 6-1: when 10 hours, the strength of the filling body meets the requirement of stope mining, and simultaneously, waste rocks generated by underground exploitation and mining preparation operations are lifted to the ground surface to serve as building material, so that waste is changed into valuable, and tailings classification, fine tailings backfill and coarse tailings resource utilization are carried out, thereby realizing mine non-tailing-reservoir mining; and the waste rocks are taken out of the pit and processed into building material for external sale after being crushed, so that a dumping yard is not built in a mine, the investment is saved, and the mine can be mined without the waste rocks.
As described above, the underground mine zero-waste zero-tailing mining method provided by the invention comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out lifting treatment on ores and waste rocks generated by underground mining so as to respectively move the coarsely crushed ores and waste rocks to the surface; carrying out benefit treatment on the coarsely crushed waste rock on the ground surface, carrying out middle crushing screening on the coarsely crushed ore to form concentrate and tailings, carrying out filter pressing on the concentrate, transporting the concentrate to a smelting plant, grading the tailings to obtain fine tailings, finally carrying out concentration and activation on the fine tailings to form filling tailings, filling the filling tailings into a drill hole and a pipeline to complete tailings-free mining, and realizing mine tailings-free warehouse mining by grading the tailings, carrying out harmless backfilling on the fine tailings and recycling the coarse tailings in the whole process; and the waste rocks are taken out of the pit and processed into building material after being crushed, so that a dumping site is not built in the mine, the mining without the dumping site in the mine is realized, and the enterprise benefit is increased.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A waste-free and tail-free mining method for underground mines is characterized by comprising the following steps:
lifting ore and waste rock generated by underground mining to respectively move the coarsely crushed ore and waste rock to the surface;
performing benefit treatment on the coarsely crushed waste rocks on the earth surface, and performing intermediate crushing and screening on the coarsely crushed ores to form concentrate and tailings;
carrying out filter pressing on the concentrate, then transporting the concentrate to a smelting plant, and grading the tailings to obtain fine tailings;
and concentrating and activating the fine tailings to form filling tailings, and filling the filling tailings to an underground stope through a filling drill hole and a pipeline.
2. The underground mine waste-free and tail-free mining method according to claim 1, wherein the process of lifting the ore and the waste rock comprises:
lowering the ore or the waste rock to a middle section haulage roadway through a stope drop shaft;
transporting the ore or the waste rock of the middle section transportation roadway to an underground slip system through a truck or a tramcar;
subjecting the ore or waste rock of the downhole chute system to a coarse comminution process to form coarsely comminuted ore and waste rock;
and lifting the coarsely crushed ore or waste rock to the ground surface through a mine lifting system.
3. The underground mine waste-free and tail-free mining method according to claim 2, wherein the process of performing benefit treatment on the coarsely crushed waste rocks at the surface comprises the following steps:
and carrying out pit discharge treatment on the coarsely crushed waste rocks, and transporting the coarsely crushed waste rocks to a treatment plant to obtain benefits.
4. The underground mine waste-free and tail-free mining method of claim 1, wherein the process of crushing and screening the coarsely crushed ore to form concentrate and tailings comprises:
carrying out intermediate crushing on the coarsely crushed ore through a ground surface separation plant to form crushed ore;
the crushed ore is subjected to grinding, flotation, roughing and scavenging processes to form a concentrate, while tailings are produced.
5. The underground mine waste-free and tail-free mining method of claim 1, wherein grading the tailings also yields coarse tailings; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the coarse tailings are used for transportation to a treatment plant to obtain benefits.
6. The underground mine waste-free and tail-free mining method according to any one of claims 3 and 5,
the treatment plant at least comprises a sandstone aggregate yard, a cement plant and a tile plant.
7. The underground mine waste-free and tail-free mining method according to claim 1, wherein the process of concentrating and activating the fine tailings to form filling tailings comprises the following steps:
placing the fine tailings into a tailing high-efficiency concentration storage device through a slurry pump to obtain concentrated tailings;
and if the underflow concentration of the concentrated tailings in the high-efficiency tailing concentration and storage device reaches the preset concentration, activating and stirring the cementing powder, the additive and the concentrated tailings in a stirring device to obtain the filling tailings.
8. The underground mine waste-free and tail-free mining method of claim 7,
the additive at least comprises an early strength agent, a pumping agent and a flocculating agent.
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| CN202110899687.7A CN113482619A (en) | 2021-08-06 | 2021-08-06 | Underground mine waste-free and tail-free mining method |
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| CN114382068A (en) * | 2022-02-08 | 2022-04-22 | 江苏昌泰建设工程有限公司 | Closed-warehouse construction method for target site mould bag block |
| CN114382068B (en) * | 2022-02-08 | 2023-11-10 | 江苏昌泰建设工程有限公司 | Construction method for closing warehouse of target site bag block |
| CN114934774A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-08-23 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Mine solid waste zero discharge process |
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