CN113479897A - Method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate by using attapulgite and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate by using attapulgite and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002001 transition metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013032 photocatalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Si] Chemical compound [O].[Si] OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000006171 hexacyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052909 inorganic silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical group [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010812 external standard method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052635 ferrosilite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002052 molecular layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000326 transition metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDWJTDBVEGNWAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2].[In+3] UDWJTDBVEGNWAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/72—Copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/745—Iron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/75—Cobalt
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
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- B01J35/23—
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/10—Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/341—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation
- B01J37/344—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of electromagnetic wave energy
- B01J37/346—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of electromagnetic wave energy of microwave energy
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- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
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- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
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- C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
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- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/20—Particle morphology extending in two dimensions, e.g. plate-like
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of new chemical materials, and particularly relates to a method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate by using attapulgite and application thereof, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps: firstly, the attapulgite powder is subjected to dispersion and dissociation of one-dimensional crystal beams and is uniformly dispersed in an acid solution, and precipitates are washed and dried to obtain a white precursor. Dispersing the white precursor in water to form suspension, ultrasonically dispersing, and dripping NH4NO3And then transferring the turbid liquid into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle for microwave hydrothermal reaction, centrifugally separating out solids after the reaction is finished, washing, drying, and grinding into powder to obtain the two-dimensional silicate, wherein the two-dimensional silicate is applied to preparing methanol from photocatalytic carbon dioxide. Compared with the traditional noble metal catalyst, the photocatalyst for preparing methanol from carbon dioxide has the advantages of low cost of raw materials, simple and convenient synthesis method and the like, and is beneficial to large-scale popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new chemical materials, and particularly relates to a method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate by using attapulgite and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, in order to achieve the national strategic goals of "carbon peak reaching" and "carbon neutralization", resource utilization of carbon dioxide has become a hot direction of research. Modern social development relies heavily on a stable and reliable supply of energy, forcing people to tighten the development of sustainable and renewable energy sources to alleviate the dependence on fossil fuels. The carbon dioxide photocatalytic reduction is always a great research direction for solar energy utilization and storage, and the path can directly hydrogenate carbon dioxide and convert the carbon dioxide into hydrocarbon fuel which can be utilized by people. Methanol is the simplest saturated alcohol, is widely used in industries such as organic synthesis, medicine, pesticides, coatings, dyes, automobiles, national defense and the like, and is also an important chemical industry basic raw material and a clean liquid fuel. At present, methods such as noble metal deposition or rare earth ion doping are mostly adopted for the photocatalyst to improve the effect of reducing carbon dioxide, and the cost is higher. In addition, some catalysts such as indium zinc sulfide have a serious influence on their photocatalytic performance due to their flower-like spheres being too large and easily collapsing. Therefore, researchers have turned their eyes to natural minerals with abundant reserves, low prices, and nanometer sizes, and have sought to develop a novel catalyst that can overcome the above disadvantages.
Attapulgite is used as a natural mineral clay material, has abundant reserves in China, good dispersibility, larger specific surface area and unique one-dimensional nano rod-shaped structure, and is mostly used as a catalyst carrier. From the physicochemical property, the modification of the attapulgite can comprise acidification, alkalization, surface functionalization, ion exchange and the like. From the structure, the attapulgite is a hexacyclic silicate mineral crystal, the special chain layer structure of the attapulgite consists of hexacyclic silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons, the vertexes of the hexacyclic silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons in the attapulgite are alternately turned up and down and form a chain structure, the geological condition formed by the ore presents the chain layer structure due to the existence of metal magnesium atoms as a support, the coordination number of cations between layers is usually 6, and the space distribution is remodeled and transversely spread under the condition of removing the original cation octahedron. The transition element in attapulgite is often Fe2+,Fe3+But the content thereof is low, so that the absorptivity thereof to light is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide preparation and application of a photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction material which is low in price, easily available in raw materials and high in photoproduction electron hole separation efficiency, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a two-dimensional nanosheet silicate by using attapulgite and application thereof. The preparation method is simple, the synthesis condition is mild, complex and expensive equipment is not needed, and the method is favorable for large-scale popularization.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the adopted technical scheme is as follows:
the two-dimensional nano-sheet silicate material provided by the invention has a general formula: MSiO3Wherein M is any one of Fe, Co, Cu and Ni.
The method for preparing the two-dimensional nanosheet silicate by using the attapulgite comprises the following steps:
(1) immersing the attapulgite powder into 3-7 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, mixing and stirring for pretreatment for 0.5-4 h, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the attapulgite powder to the hydrochloric acid solution is preferably 1: 1. Too high a concentration of hydrochloric acid and too long a pretreatment time may result in dissociation of the hexacyclic silicon oxide tetrahedron, and too low a concentration of hydrochloric acid and too short a pretreatment time may result in incomplete removal of the metal cations and limit dispersion of the hexacyclic silicon oxide tetrahedron. Then washing and drying to obtain pretreated attapulgite powder;
(2) dispersing the attapulgite powder pretreated in the step (1) into an acid solution (the acid solution can be one of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid) of less than 5mol/L, carrying out hydrothermal stirring for 4-16 h, separating out solids, washing, and drying to obtain the hexacyclic silica tetrahedron white precursor. The solid-to-liquid ratio of the pretreated attapulgite powder to the hydrochloric acid solution in the step is preferably 1:10, and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 2 mol/L. The time control of the step is critical, the long time can cause the dissociation of the six-ring-shaped silicon-oxygen tetrahedral unit to influence the appearance of the synthesized silicate, and the short time can cause incomplete removal of metal ions, influence the purity of the subsequent silicate and influence the appearance of the silicate structure.
(3) Dispersing the precursor prepared in the step (2) in water to form a suspension, ultrasonically dispersing the suspension, adjusting the pH to 6-10 during stirring (preferably dropwise adding a sodium hydroxide solution or a dilute hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH), dissolving transition metal nitrate in the suspension, and then dissolving NH4NO3Adding the mixture into the turbid liquid, dropwise adding ammonia water into the turbid liquid, and stirring the mixture until the mixture is uniform to obtain a uniform turbid liquid, wherein the molar ratio of silicon to transition metal elements to ammonium ions is 1-2: 1-4: 1-12, and the transition metal nitrate is any one of Fe, Co, Cu and Ni nitrates;
(4) and (4) transferring the uniform suspension obtained in the step (3) into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle, carrying out microwave reaction for 30-120 min at 120-220 ℃, then naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifugally separating out solids, washing, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the two-dimensional nanosheet silicate.
Preferably, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution in the step (1) is 5mol/L, and the pretreatment time is 2 h. The purpose of pretreating the attapulgite powder and the hydrochloric acid in the step (1) is to strip and remove a large amount of metal cations in the attapulgite body and impurities in pore canals of a chain layer, and if the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is lower than 3mol/L, incomplete cation removal and uneven dispersion of a hexacyclic silicon-oxygen tetrahedral unit can be caused, so that the appearance of subsequent silicate is influenced.
In order to ensure that cations which are not completely removed are sufficiently cleaned, and simultaneously, the dissociation of hexacyclic-ring-shaped silicon-oxygen tetrahedral units is avoided, and amorphous agglomerated silicon dioxide is formed, the hydrochloric acid concentration in the step (2) is not higher than 5mol/L, preferably, the hydrochloric acid concentration is 2mol/L, the hydrothermal temperature is 80 ℃, and the hydrothermal stirring time is 6 hours. The use of 2mol/L hydrochloric acid in step (2) is used to wash the incompletely removed cations and to avoid the dissociation of the hexacyclic silicon oxygen tetrahedral unit to form amorphous agglomerated silica.
Preferably, the ultrasonic dispersion time in step (3) is 30 min.
Preferably, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution in the step (3) is 0.5mol/L, and the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid solution is 0.1 mol/L.
Preferably, the mass concentration of the ammonia water in the step (3) is 28%, and the stirring time is 10 min.
Preferably, the vacuum drying temperature in the step (4) is 60 ℃, and the vacuum drying time is 2 h.
The two-dimensional nanosheet silicate prepared by the method is used for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction.
The specific method comprises the following steps: dispersing the two-dimensional nano-sheet silicate in deionized water, then adding the deionized water into a photocatalytic reaction device, and then adding CO2And introducing the mixture into a reaction device at a set flow rate, and then irradiating to catalyze carbon dioxide for reduction to prepare the methanol.
SiO of six-ring based silicon-oxygen tetrahedron structure2Plays an important role in the present application if the SiO of the hexacyclic type siloxatetrahedral structure is not added2Then the transition metal nitrate is easily converted to the transition metal nitrate in the hydrothermal environmentTransition metal oxide nanoparticles are more likely to agglomerate into spheres under the microwave hydrothermal condition, so that the obtained composite catalyst cannot achieve the ideal carbon dioxide reduction effect. The two-dimensional nano-sheet silicate generated by the invention can well overcome the problem, and meanwhile, the reaction can be effectively promoted due to abundant active sites on the surface of the two-dimensional nano-sheet silicate and excellent photo-generated electron hole separation efficiency.
The invention adopts a microwave hydrothermal method, under a high-frequency energy field, the molecular motion is changed from the original disordered state into ordered high-frequency vibration, so that the heating is more uniform, under the condition, smaller structural units forming a six-ring-based silicon-oxygen tetrahedron structure can be self-assembled, and a new nano-layer sheet structure is formed under the participation of a complex formed by ammonium ions and transition metal cations.
The invention has the advantages that: selecting natural attapulgite clay minerals abundant in nature as raw materials, introducing metal elements Fe, Co, Cu or Ni, and substituting Mg occupying the central position of cation octahedron2+,Al3+The novel silicate photocatalyst which has a stable two-dimensional lamellar structure and is high in photo-generated electron hole separation efficiency and good in photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction effect is synthesized by means of microwave hydrothermal reaction, and a silicon-oxygen tetrahedron in the transition metal silicate is easy to distort and polarize, so that the migration rate of photo-generated carriers is enhanced; meanwhile, the method has the advantages of rich raw material sources, low cost, environmental friendliness, simple preparation process and contribution to large-scale popularization.
Drawings
Figure 1 is an XRD pattern of two-dimensional nanosheet silicate prepared in examples 1 to 4;
FIG. 2 is a CuSiO solid prepared in example 13TEM image of the sample at 50nm scale range;
FIG. 3 is a summary of methanol yields for examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-2;
fig. 4 shows XRD patterns of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 (upper curve in the figure corresponds to comparative example 1, and lower curve corresponds to comparative example 2).
Detailed Description
The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and those skilled in the art can implement the present invention in other embodiments according to the disclosure of the present invention, or make simple changes or modifications on the design structure and idea of the present invention, and fall into the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the following examples:
examples the optimum formulation and the process are preferred as examples, and the summary of the invention is further elaborated, in which the specific conditions are not indicated, and are carried out according to the conventional conditions. The raw materials, reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional products which can be obtained by commercial purchase.
Example 1
(1) Mixing attapulgite powder and 5mol/L hydrochloric acid solution at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1, stirring for 2h, washing, and oven drying. Dispersing the obtained solid into 2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, carrying out hydrothermal stirring at 80 ℃ for 6h, separating out the solid, washing, and drying to obtain the white precursor of the hexacyclic group silicon-oxygen tetrahedron.
(2) Dispersing 0.3g of the prepared precursor in water to form a suspension and ultrasonically dispersing for 30min, then, adding 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution dropwise while stirring, adjusting the pH to 10, and then, adding 10mmol of Cu (NO)3)2·3H2O and 20mmol NH4NO3And preparing an aqueous solution, adding the aqueous solution into the suspension, dropwise adding 1mL of 28% ammonia water into the suspension, and stirring for 10 min.
(3) Transferring the obtained suspension into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle with the capacity of 100mL, carrying out microwave reaction for 60min at the temperature of 220 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifugally separating out solids, washing, and carrying out vacuum drying for 2h at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain two-dimensional nanosheets CuSiO3。
For the two-dimensional nanosheet CuSiO prepared in this example3Performing X-ray powder diffraction experiment, and transmittingThe appearance and structure of the film are observed under an electron microscope.
The XRD pattern is shown in figure 1 by comparing CuSiO3The PDF card of (1) can know that CuSiO appears at angles of 21.64 °, 30.70 °, 36.19 °, 62.26 °, and the like3The specific diffraction characteristic peak is combined with a TEM picture 2, and the two-dimensional nanosheet CuSiO can be proved3The successful synthesis of the compound.
The TEM photograph is shown in FIG. 2, in which the upper lamellar growth is uniform and the band-shaped edge CuSiO is observed3The film tends to grow into a sheet shape, and the film has uniform thickness and good dispersion.
The two-dimensional nanosheet CuSiO3The method is used for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction and comprises the following application methods: weighing prepared two-dimensional nanosheet CuSiO30.05g of the solution is dispersed in 100mL of deionized water and then added into a photocatalytic reaction device, and CO is added2Introducing into a reaction device at a flow rate of 30mL/min, introducing CO2After 60min, a 300W xenon lamp is used as a simulated light source for irradiation, 5mL of samples are collected every 60min, and after centrifugation, the samples are quantitatively analyzed by using a gas chromatography external standard method.
The methanol concentration reached 8.16. mu. mol. L after 6h, as determined by the method described above-1。
Example 2
(1) Mixing attapulgite powder and 5mol/L hydrochloric acid solution at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1, stirring for 2h, washing, and oven drying. Dispersing the obtained solid into 2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, carrying out hydrothermal stirring at 80 ℃ for 6h, separating out the solid, washing, and drying to obtain the white precursor of the hexacyclic group silicon-oxygen tetrahedron.
(2) Dispersing 0.6g of the prepared precursor in water to form a suspension and ultrasonically dispersing for 30min, then, adding 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution dropwise while stirring, adjusting pH to 9, and then adding 10mmol of Ni (NO)3)2·3H2O and 40mmol NH4NO3And preparing an aqueous solution, adding the aqueous solution into the suspension, dropwise adding 1mL of 28% ammonia water into the suspension, and stirring for 10 min.
(3) Transferring the obtained suspension into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle with the capacity of 100mL, 2Microwave reacting at 00 deg.C for 120min, naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifuging to separate solid, washing, and vacuum drying at 60 deg.C for 2 hr. Obtaining two-dimensional nano sheet Ni2SiO4。
The subsequent detection method for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction is as in example 1, and the result shows that the methanol concentration reaches 3.68 mu mol.L after 6h-1。
Example 3
(1) Mixing attapulgite powder and 5mol/L hydrochloric acid solution at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1, stirring for 2h, washing, and oven drying. Dispersing the obtained solid into 2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, carrying out hydrothermal stirring at 80 ℃ for 6h, separating out the solid, washing, and drying to obtain the white precursor of the hexacyclic group silicon-oxygen tetrahedron.
(2) Dispersing 0.6g of the prepared precursor in water to form a suspension and ultrasonically dispersing for 30min, then, adding 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution dropwise while stirring, adjusting pH to 8, and then, adding 20mmol of Co (NO)3)2·3H2O and 30mmol NH4NO3And preparing an aqueous solution, adding the aqueous solution into the suspension, dropwise adding 1mL of 28% ammonia water into the suspension, and stirring for 10 min.
(3) And transferring the obtained suspension into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle with the capacity of 100mL, carrying out microwave reaction for 120min at the temperature of 170 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifugally separating out solids, washing, and carrying out vacuum drying for 2h at the temperature of 60 ℃. Obtaining two-dimensional nanosheet Co2SiO4。
The subsequent detection method for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction was as in example 1, and the result showed that the methanol concentration reached 2.74. mu. mol. L after 6 hours-1。
Example 4
(1) Mixing attapulgite powder and 5mol/L hydrochloric acid solution at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1, stirring for 2h, washing, and oven drying. Dispersing the obtained solid into 2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, carrying out hydrothermal stirring at 80 ℃ for 6h, separating out the solid, washing, and drying to obtain the white precursor of the hexacyclic group silicon-oxygen tetrahedron.
(2) Dispersing 0.9g of the prepared precursor in water to form a suspension and carrying out ultrasonic separationDispersing for 30min, stirring, adding 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution and 0.1mol/L diluted hydrochloric acid solution, adjusting pH to 7, and adding 30mmol Fe (NO)3)2·6H2O and 60mmol NH4NO3And preparing an aqueous solution, adding the aqueous solution into the suspension, dropwise adding 1mL of 28% ammonia water into the suspension, and stirring for 10 min.
(3) And transferring the obtained suspension into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle with the capacity of 100mL, carrying out microwave reaction for 60min at the temperature of 150 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifugally separating out solids, washing, and carrying out vacuum drying for 2h at the temperature of 60 ℃. Obtaining two-dimensional nano-sheet FeSiO3。
The subsequent detection method for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction was as in example 1, and the result showed that the methanol concentration reached 1.76. mu. mol. L after 6 hours-1。
Example 5
(1) Mixing attapulgite powder and 3mol/L hydrochloric acid solution at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1, stirring for 4h, washing, and oven drying. Dispersing the obtained solid into 2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, carrying out hydrothermal stirring at 80 ℃ for 4h, separating out the solid, washing, and drying to obtain the white precursor of the hexacyclic group silicon-oxygen tetrahedron.
(2) Dispersing 0.6g of the prepared precursor in water to form a suspension and ultrasonically dispersing for 30min, then, dropwise adding 0.1mol/L diluted hydrochloric acid solution while stirring, adjusting the pH to 6, and then, adding 20mmol of Cu (NO)3)2·3H2O and 60mmol NH4NO3And preparing an aqueous solution, adding the aqueous solution into the suspension, dropwise adding 1mL of 28% ammonia water into the suspension, and stirring for 10 min.
(3) And transferring the obtained suspension into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle with the capacity of 100mL, carrying out microwave reaction for 90min at the temperature of 120 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifugally separating out solids, washing, and carrying out vacuum drying for 2h at the temperature of 60 ℃. Obtaining two-dimensional nanosheet CuSiO3。
The subsequent detection method for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction was as in example 1, and the result showed that the methanol concentration reached 1.62. mu. mol. L after 6 hours-1。
Example 6
(1) Mixing attapulgite powder and 7mol/L hydrochloric acid solution at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1, stirring for 0.5h, washing, and oven drying. Dispersing the obtained solid into 2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, carrying out hydrothermal stirring at 80 ℃ for 16h, separating out the solid, washing, and drying to obtain the white precursor of the hexacyclic group silicon-oxygen tetrahedron.
(2) Dispersing 0.3g of the prepared precursor in water to form a suspension and ultrasonically dispersing for 30min, then, adding 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution dropwise while stirring, adjusting the pH to 10, and then, adding 10mmol of Cu (NO)3)2·3H2O and 20mmol NH4NO3And preparing an aqueous solution, adding the aqueous solution into the suspension, dropwise adding 1mL of 28% ammonia water into the suspension, and stirring for 10 min.
(3) And transferring the obtained suspension into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle with the capacity of 100mL, carrying out microwave reaction for 120min at the temperature of 200 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifugally separating out solids, washing, and carrying out vacuum drying for 2h at the temperature of 60 ℃. Obtaining two-dimensional CuSiO3Nanosheets.
The subsequent detection method for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction was as in example 1, and the result showed that the methanol concentration reached 1.38. mu. mol. L after 6 hours-1。
Comparative example 1
(1) 0.3g of commercial SiO2Dispersing in water to obtain suspension, ultrasonically dispersing for 30min, adding 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution while stirring, adjusting pH to 10, and adding 10mmol Cu (NO)3)2·3H2O and 20mmol NH4NO3And preparing an aqueous solution, adding the aqueous solution into the suspension, dropwise adding 1mL of 28% ammonia water into the suspension, and stirring for 10 min.
(3) And transferring the obtained suspension into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle with the capacity of 100mL, carrying out microwave reaction for 120min at the temperature of 220 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifugally separating out solids, washing, and carrying out vacuum drying for 2h at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain a solid-1.
The XRD patterns are shown in FIG. 4 by comparing CuO and SiO2The PDF card of (1) shows that diffraction characteristic peaks peculiar to CuO appear at angles of 35.45 °, 28.73 °, 48.76 °, 61.57 °, and CuSiO is not obtained3A large amount of micron-sized spherical copper oxide was observed from the TEM image.
The subsequent detection method for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction is as in example 1, and the result shows that the methanol concentration only reaches 0.24 mu mol.L after 6h-1。
Comparative example 2
(1) Adding 10mmol of Na2SiO4·9H2Dispersing O in water to obtain suspension, ultrasonically dispersing for 30min, adding 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution while stirring, adjusting pH to 10, and adding 10mmol Cu (NO)3)3·3H2O and 20mmol NH4NO3And preparing an aqueous solution, adding the aqueous solution into the suspension, dropwise adding 1mL of 28% ammonia water into the suspension, and stirring for 10 min.
(3) And transferring the obtained suspension into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle with the capacity of 100mL, carrying out microwave reaction for 120min at the temperature of 220 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifugally separating out solids, washing, and carrying out vacuum drying for 2h at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain a solid-2.
The XRD pattern is shown in FIG. 4, and CuSiO is not obtained3Sample, amorphous.
The subsequent detection method for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction was as in example 1, and the results showed that the methanol concentration reached only 0.27. mu. mol. L after 6 hours-1。
In combination with the above examples, it can be seen that SiO is obtained by the process of the invention2Still retains the structure of six-ring-base type silicon-oxygen tetrahedron, while the SiO is commercially available2The shape of the microsphere is mostly smooth surface microsphere, and the microsphere does not have a six-ring-based silicon-oxygen tetrahedron structure, and the purpose of converting the attapulgite into SiO in the invention cannot be achieved in application2The effect of (1).
In addition, although the SiO2 crystal prepared by a precipitation method (silicate is acidified to obtain loose, finely dispersed SiO2 crystal precipitated in a flocculent structure) in the prior art also exists in the form of silicon-oxygen tetrahedron, the SiO2 crystal is scattered without any sign, does not have a unit of 'hexacyclic-ring-based silicon-oxygen tetrahedron' in attapulgite, and does not have structural advantages in the process of synthesizing lamellar silicic acid.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and their concepts should be equivalent or changed within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate from attapulgite comprises the following steps: MSiO3Wherein M is any one of Fe, Co, Cu and Ni, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) immersing the attapulgite powder into 3-7 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, mixing, stirring and pretreating for 0.5-4 h, then washing and drying to obtain pretreated attapulgite powder;
(2) dispersing the attapulgite powder pretreated in the step (1) into an acid solution with the concentration of less than 5mol/L, carrying out hydrothermal stirring for 4-16 h, separating out solids, washing, and drying to obtain a hexacyclic silica tetrahedron white precursor;
(3) dispersing the precursor prepared in the step (2) in water to form a suspension, ultrasonically dispersing the suspension, adjusting the pH to 6-10 during stirring, dissolving transition metal nitrate in the suspension, and then dissolving NH4NO3Adding the mixture into the turbid liquid, dropwise adding ammonia water into the turbid liquid, and stirring the mixture until the mixture is uniform to obtain a uniform turbid liquid, wherein the molar ratio of silicon to transition metal elements to ammonium ions is 1-2: 1-4: 1-12, and the transition metal nitrate is any one of Fe, Co, Cu and Ni nitrates;
(4) and (4) transferring the uniform suspension obtained in the step (3) into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle, carrying out microwave reaction for 30-120 min at 120-220 ℃, then naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifugally separating out solids, washing, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the two-dimensional nanosheet silicate.
2. The method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate with attapulgite according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the solid-to-liquid ratio of the attapulgite powder to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1:1, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 5mol/L, and the pretreatment time is 2 hours.
3. The method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate with attapulgite according to claim 1, wherein: the solid-to-liquid ratio of the pretreated attapulgite powder to the hydrochloric acid solution in the step (2) is 1:10, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 2mol/L, the hydrothermal temperature is 80 ℃, and the hydrothermal stirring time is 6 hours.
4. The method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate with attapulgite according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution or 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution is dripped to adjust the pH.
5. The method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate with attapulgite according to claim 1, wherein: and (4) the ultrasonic dispersion time in the step (3) is 30 min.
6. The method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate with attapulgite according to claim 1, wherein: the mass concentration of ammonia water in the step (3) is 28%, and the stirring time is 10 min.
7. The method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate with attapulgite according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the vacuum drying temperature is 60 ℃, and the vacuum drying time is 2 hours.
8. The method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate with attapulgite according to claim 1, wherein: the acid solution in the step (2) is one of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
9. Use of a two-dimensional nanosheet silicate produced by the process of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the method is used for preparing methanol by photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction.
10. Use of a two-dimensional nanosheet silicate as defined in claim 9, wherein: dispersing the two-dimensional nano-sheet silicate in deionized water, then adding the deionized water into a photocatalytic reaction device, and then adding CO2And introducing the mixture into a reaction device at a set flow rate, and then irradiating to catalyze carbon dioxide for reduction to prepare the methanol.
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CN116618048A (en) * | 2023-04-24 | 2023-08-22 | 陕西科技大学 | Preparation method and application of single-wall copper silicate nano Guan Guangfen ton catalyst |
CN116618048B (en) * | 2023-04-24 | 2024-01-12 | 陕西科技大学 | Preparation method and application of single-wall copper silicate nano Guan Guangfen ton catalyst |
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