CN113479897A - Method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate by using attapulgite and application thereof - Google Patents

Method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate by using attapulgite and application thereof Download PDF

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CN113479897A
CN113479897A CN202110806007.2A CN202110806007A CN113479897A CN 113479897 A CN113479897 A CN 113479897A CN 202110806007 A CN202110806007 A CN 202110806007A CN 113479897 A CN113479897 A CN 113479897A
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attapulgite
preparing
silicate
acid solution
hydrochloric acid
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李霞章
仲明辉
石安琪
左士祥
姚超
李忠玉
吴凤芹
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Changzhou University
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of new chemical materials, and particularly relates to a method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate by using attapulgite and application thereof, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps: firstly, the attapulgite powder is subjected to dispersion and dissociation of one-dimensional crystal beams and is uniformly dispersed in an acid solution, and precipitates are washed and dried to obtain a white precursor. Dispersing the white precursor in water to form suspension, ultrasonically dispersing, and dripping NH4NO3And then transferring the turbid liquid into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle for microwave hydrothermal reaction, centrifugally separating out solids after the reaction is finished, washing, drying, and grinding into powder to obtain the two-dimensional silicate, wherein the two-dimensional silicate is applied to preparing methanol from photocatalytic carbon dioxide. Compared with the traditional noble metal catalyst, the photocatalyst for preparing methanol from carbon dioxide has the advantages of low cost of raw materials, simple and convenient synthesis method and the like, and is beneficial to large-scale popularization.

Description

Method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate by using attapulgite and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new chemical materials, and particularly relates to a method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate by using attapulgite and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, in order to achieve the national strategic goals of "carbon peak reaching" and "carbon neutralization", resource utilization of carbon dioxide has become a hot direction of research. Modern social development relies heavily on a stable and reliable supply of energy, forcing people to tighten the development of sustainable and renewable energy sources to alleviate the dependence on fossil fuels. The carbon dioxide photocatalytic reduction is always a great research direction for solar energy utilization and storage, and the path can directly hydrogenate carbon dioxide and convert the carbon dioxide into hydrocarbon fuel which can be utilized by people. Methanol is the simplest saturated alcohol, is widely used in industries such as organic synthesis, medicine, pesticides, coatings, dyes, automobiles, national defense and the like, and is also an important chemical industry basic raw material and a clean liquid fuel. At present, methods such as noble metal deposition or rare earth ion doping are mostly adopted for the photocatalyst to improve the effect of reducing carbon dioxide, and the cost is higher. In addition, some catalysts such as indium zinc sulfide have a serious influence on their photocatalytic performance due to their flower-like spheres being too large and easily collapsing. Therefore, researchers have turned their eyes to natural minerals with abundant reserves, low prices, and nanometer sizes, and have sought to develop a novel catalyst that can overcome the above disadvantages.
Attapulgite is used as a natural mineral clay material, has abundant reserves in China, good dispersibility, larger specific surface area and unique one-dimensional nano rod-shaped structure, and is mostly used as a catalyst carrier. From the physicochemical property, the modification of the attapulgite can comprise acidification, alkalization, surface functionalization, ion exchange and the like. From the structure, the attapulgite is a hexacyclic silicate mineral crystal, the special chain layer structure of the attapulgite consists of hexacyclic silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons, the vertexes of the hexacyclic silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons in the attapulgite are alternately turned up and down and form a chain structure, the geological condition formed by the ore presents the chain layer structure due to the existence of metal magnesium atoms as a support, the coordination number of cations between layers is usually 6, and the space distribution is remodeled and transversely spread under the condition of removing the original cation octahedron. The transition element in attapulgite is often Fe2+,Fe3+But the content thereof is low, so that the absorptivity thereof to light is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide preparation and application of a photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction material which is low in price, easily available in raw materials and high in photoproduction electron hole separation efficiency, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a two-dimensional nanosheet silicate by using attapulgite and application thereof. The preparation method is simple, the synthesis condition is mild, complex and expensive equipment is not needed, and the method is favorable for large-scale popularization.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the adopted technical scheme is as follows:
the two-dimensional nano-sheet silicate material provided by the invention has a general formula: MSiO3Wherein M is any one of Fe, Co, Cu and Ni.
The method for preparing the two-dimensional nanosheet silicate by using the attapulgite comprises the following steps:
(1) immersing the attapulgite powder into 3-7 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, mixing and stirring for pretreatment for 0.5-4 h, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the attapulgite powder to the hydrochloric acid solution is preferably 1: 1. Too high a concentration of hydrochloric acid and too long a pretreatment time may result in dissociation of the hexacyclic silicon oxide tetrahedron, and too low a concentration of hydrochloric acid and too short a pretreatment time may result in incomplete removal of the metal cations and limit dispersion of the hexacyclic silicon oxide tetrahedron. Then washing and drying to obtain pretreated attapulgite powder;
(2) dispersing the attapulgite powder pretreated in the step (1) into an acid solution (the acid solution can be one of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid) of less than 5mol/L, carrying out hydrothermal stirring for 4-16 h, separating out solids, washing, and drying to obtain the hexacyclic silica tetrahedron white precursor. The solid-to-liquid ratio of the pretreated attapulgite powder to the hydrochloric acid solution in the step is preferably 1:10, and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 2 mol/L. The time control of the step is critical, the long time can cause the dissociation of the six-ring-shaped silicon-oxygen tetrahedral unit to influence the appearance of the synthesized silicate, and the short time can cause incomplete removal of metal ions, influence the purity of the subsequent silicate and influence the appearance of the silicate structure.
(3) Dispersing the precursor prepared in the step (2) in water to form a suspension, ultrasonically dispersing the suspension, adjusting the pH to 6-10 during stirring (preferably dropwise adding a sodium hydroxide solution or a dilute hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH), dissolving transition metal nitrate in the suspension, and then dissolving NH4NO3Adding the mixture into the turbid liquid, dropwise adding ammonia water into the turbid liquid, and stirring the mixture until the mixture is uniform to obtain a uniform turbid liquid, wherein the molar ratio of silicon to transition metal elements to ammonium ions is 1-2: 1-4: 1-12, and the transition metal nitrate is any one of Fe, Co, Cu and Ni nitrates;
(4) and (4) transferring the uniform suspension obtained in the step (3) into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle, carrying out microwave reaction for 30-120 min at 120-220 ℃, then naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifugally separating out solids, washing, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the two-dimensional nanosheet silicate.
Preferably, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution in the step (1) is 5mol/L, and the pretreatment time is 2 h. The purpose of pretreating the attapulgite powder and the hydrochloric acid in the step (1) is to strip and remove a large amount of metal cations in the attapulgite body and impurities in pore canals of a chain layer, and if the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is lower than 3mol/L, incomplete cation removal and uneven dispersion of a hexacyclic silicon-oxygen tetrahedral unit can be caused, so that the appearance of subsequent silicate is influenced.
In order to ensure that cations which are not completely removed are sufficiently cleaned, and simultaneously, the dissociation of hexacyclic-ring-shaped silicon-oxygen tetrahedral units is avoided, and amorphous agglomerated silicon dioxide is formed, the hydrochloric acid concentration in the step (2) is not higher than 5mol/L, preferably, the hydrochloric acid concentration is 2mol/L, the hydrothermal temperature is 80 ℃, and the hydrothermal stirring time is 6 hours. The use of 2mol/L hydrochloric acid in step (2) is used to wash the incompletely removed cations and to avoid the dissociation of the hexacyclic silicon oxygen tetrahedral unit to form amorphous agglomerated silica.
Preferably, the ultrasonic dispersion time in step (3) is 30 min.
Preferably, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution in the step (3) is 0.5mol/L, and the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid solution is 0.1 mol/L.
Preferably, the mass concentration of the ammonia water in the step (3) is 28%, and the stirring time is 10 min.
Preferably, the vacuum drying temperature in the step (4) is 60 ℃, and the vacuum drying time is 2 h.
The two-dimensional nanosheet silicate prepared by the method is used for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction.
The specific method comprises the following steps: dispersing the two-dimensional nano-sheet silicate in deionized water, then adding the deionized water into a photocatalytic reaction device, and then adding CO2And introducing the mixture into a reaction device at a set flow rate, and then irradiating to catalyze carbon dioxide for reduction to prepare the methanol.
SiO of six-ring based silicon-oxygen tetrahedron structure2Plays an important role in the present application if the SiO of the hexacyclic type siloxatetrahedral structure is not added2Then the transition metal nitrate is easily converted to the transition metal nitrate in the hydrothermal environmentTransition metal oxide nanoparticles are more likely to agglomerate into spheres under the microwave hydrothermal condition, so that the obtained composite catalyst cannot achieve the ideal carbon dioxide reduction effect. The two-dimensional nano-sheet silicate generated by the invention can well overcome the problem, and meanwhile, the reaction can be effectively promoted due to abundant active sites on the surface of the two-dimensional nano-sheet silicate and excellent photo-generated electron hole separation efficiency.
The invention adopts a microwave hydrothermal method, under a high-frequency energy field, the molecular motion is changed from the original disordered state into ordered high-frequency vibration, so that the heating is more uniform, under the condition, smaller structural units forming a six-ring-based silicon-oxygen tetrahedron structure can be self-assembled, and a new nano-layer sheet structure is formed under the participation of a complex formed by ammonium ions and transition metal cations.
The invention has the advantages that: selecting natural attapulgite clay minerals abundant in nature as raw materials, introducing metal elements Fe, Co, Cu or Ni, and substituting Mg occupying the central position of cation octahedron2+,Al3+The novel silicate photocatalyst which has a stable two-dimensional lamellar structure and is high in photo-generated electron hole separation efficiency and good in photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction effect is synthesized by means of microwave hydrothermal reaction, and a silicon-oxygen tetrahedron in the transition metal silicate is easy to distort and polarize, so that the migration rate of photo-generated carriers is enhanced; meanwhile, the method has the advantages of rich raw material sources, low cost, environmental friendliness, simple preparation process and contribution to large-scale popularization.
Drawings
Figure 1 is an XRD pattern of two-dimensional nanosheet silicate prepared in examples 1 to 4;
FIG. 2 is a CuSiO solid prepared in example 13TEM image of the sample at 50nm scale range;
FIG. 3 is a summary of methanol yields for examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-2;
fig. 4 shows XRD patterns of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 (upper curve in the figure corresponds to comparative example 1, and lower curve corresponds to comparative example 2).
Detailed Description
The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and those skilled in the art can implement the present invention in other embodiments according to the disclosure of the present invention, or make simple changes or modifications on the design structure and idea of the present invention, and fall into the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the following examples:
examples the optimum formulation and the process are preferred as examples, and the summary of the invention is further elaborated, in which the specific conditions are not indicated, and are carried out according to the conventional conditions. The raw materials, reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional products which can be obtained by commercial purchase.
Example 1
(1) Mixing attapulgite powder and 5mol/L hydrochloric acid solution at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1, stirring for 2h, washing, and oven drying. Dispersing the obtained solid into 2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, carrying out hydrothermal stirring at 80 ℃ for 6h, separating out the solid, washing, and drying to obtain the white precursor of the hexacyclic group silicon-oxygen tetrahedron.
(2) Dispersing 0.3g of the prepared precursor in water to form a suspension and ultrasonically dispersing for 30min, then, adding 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution dropwise while stirring, adjusting the pH to 10, and then, adding 10mmol of Cu (NO)3)2·3H2O and 20mmol NH4NO3And preparing an aqueous solution, adding the aqueous solution into the suspension, dropwise adding 1mL of 28% ammonia water into the suspension, and stirring for 10 min.
(3) Transferring the obtained suspension into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle with the capacity of 100mL, carrying out microwave reaction for 60min at the temperature of 220 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifugally separating out solids, washing, and carrying out vacuum drying for 2h at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain two-dimensional nanosheets CuSiO3
For the two-dimensional nanosheet CuSiO prepared in this example3Performing X-ray powder diffraction experiment, and transmittingThe appearance and structure of the film are observed under an electron microscope.
The XRD pattern is shown in figure 1 by comparing CuSiO3The PDF card of (1) can know that CuSiO appears at angles of 21.64 °, 30.70 °, 36.19 °, 62.26 °, and the like3The specific diffraction characteristic peak is combined with a TEM picture 2, and the two-dimensional nanosheet CuSiO can be proved3The successful synthesis of the compound.
The TEM photograph is shown in FIG. 2, in which the upper lamellar growth is uniform and the band-shaped edge CuSiO is observed3The film tends to grow into a sheet shape, and the film has uniform thickness and good dispersion.
The two-dimensional nanosheet CuSiO3The method is used for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction and comprises the following application methods: weighing prepared two-dimensional nanosheet CuSiO30.05g of the solution is dispersed in 100mL of deionized water and then added into a photocatalytic reaction device, and CO is added2Introducing into a reaction device at a flow rate of 30mL/min, introducing CO2After 60min, a 300W xenon lamp is used as a simulated light source for irradiation, 5mL of samples are collected every 60min, and after centrifugation, the samples are quantitatively analyzed by using a gas chromatography external standard method.
The methanol concentration reached 8.16. mu. mol. L after 6h, as determined by the method described above-1
Example 2
(1) Mixing attapulgite powder and 5mol/L hydrochloric acid solution at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1, stirring for 2h, washing, and oven drying. Dispersing the obtained solid into 2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, carrying out hydrothermal stirring at 80 ℃ for 6h, separating out the solid, washing, and drying to obtain the white precursor of the hexacyclic group silicon-oxygen tetrahedron.
(2) Dispersing 0.6g of the prepared precursor in water to form a suspension and ultrasonically dispersing for 30min, then, adding 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution dropwise while stirring, adjusting pH to 9, and then adding 10mmol of Ni (NO)3)2·3H2O and 40mmol NH4NO3And preparing an aqueous solution, adding the aqueous solution into the suspension, dropwise adding 1mL of 28% ammonia water into the suspension, and stirring for 10 min.
(3) Transferring the obtained suspension into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle with the capacity of 100mL, 2Microwave reacting at 00 deg.C for 120min, naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifuging to separate solid, washing, and vacuum drying at 60 deg.C for 2 hr. Obtaining two-dimensional nano sheet Ni2SiO4
The subsequent detection method for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction is as in example 1, and the result shows that the methanol concentration reaches 3.68 mu mol.L after 6h-1
Example 3
(1) Mixing attapulgite powder and 5mol/L hydrochloric acid solution at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1, stirring for 2h, washing, and oven drying. Dispersing the obtained solid into 2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, carrying out hydrothermal stirring at 80 ℃ for 6h, separating out the solid, washing, and drying to obtain the white precursor of the hexacyclic group silicon-oxygen tetrahedron.
(2) Dispersing 0.6g of the prepared precursor in water to form a suspension and ultrasonically dispersing for 30min, then, adding 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution dropwise while stirring, adjusting pH to 8, and then, adding 20mmol of Co (NO)3)2·3H2O and 30mmol NH4NO3And preparing an aqueous solution, adding the aqueous solution into the suspension, dropwise adding 1mL of 28% ammonia water into the suspension, and stirring for 10 min.
(3) And transferring the obtained suspension into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle with the capacity of 100mL, carrying out microwave reaction for 120min at the temperature of 170 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifugally separating out solids, washing, and carrying out vacuum drying for 2h at the temperature of 60 ℃. Obtaining two-dimensional nanosheet Co2SiO4
The subsequent detection method for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction was as in example 1, and the result showed that the methanol concentration reached 2.74. mu. mol. L after 6 hours-1
Example 4
(1) Mixing attapulgite powder and 5mol/L hydrochloric acid solution at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1, stirring for 2h, washing, and oven drying. Dispersing the obtained solid into 2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, carrying out hydrothermal stirring at 80 ℃ for 6h, separating out the solid, washing, and drying to obtain the white precursor of the hexacyclic group silicon-oxygen tetrahedron.
(2) Dispersing 0.9g of the prepared precursor in water to form a suspension and carrying out ultrasonic separationDispersing for 30min, stirring, adding 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution and 0.1mol/L diluted hydrochloric acid solution, adjusting pH to 7, and adding 30mmol Fe (NO)3)2·6H2O and 60mmol NH4NO3And preparing an aqueous solution, adding the aqueous solution into the suspension, dropwise adding 1mL of 28% ammonia water into the suspension, and stirring for 10 min.
(3) And transferring the obtained suspension into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle with the capacity of 100mL, carrying out microwave reaction for 60min at the temperature of 150 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifugally separating out solids, washing, and carrying out vacuum drying for 2h at the temperature of 60 ℃. Obtaining two-dimensional nano-sheet FeSiO3
The subsequent detection method for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction was as in example 1, and the result showed that the methanol concentration reached 1.76. mu. mol. L after 6 hours-1
Example 5
(1) Mixing attapulgite powder and 3mol/L hydrochloric acid solution at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1, stirring for 4h, washing, and oven drying. Dispersing the obtained solid into 2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, carrying out hydrothermal stirring at 80 ℃ for 4h, separating out the solid, washing, and drying to obtain the white precursor of the hexacyclic group silicon-oxygen tetrahedron.
(2) Dispersing 0.6g of the prepared precursor in water to form a suspension and ultrasonically dispersing for 30min, then, dropwise adding 0.1mol/L diluted hydrochloric acid solution while stirring, adjusting the pH to 6, and then, adding 20mmol of Cu (NO)3)2·3H2O and 60mmol NH4NO3And preparing an aqueous solution, adding the aqueous solution into the suspension, dropwise adding 1mL of 28% ammonia water into the suspension, and stirring for 10 min.
(3) And transferring the obtained suspension into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle with the capacity of 100mL, carrying out microwave reaction for 90min at the temperature of 120 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifugally separating out solids, washing, and carrying out vacuum drying for 2h at the temperature of 60 ℃. Obtaining two-dimensional nanosheet CuSiO3
The subsequent detection method for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction was as in example 1, and the result showed that the methanol concentration reached 1.62. mu. mol. L after 6 hours-1
Example 6
(1) Mixing attapulgite powder and 7mol/L hydrochloric acid solution at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1, stirring for 0.5h, washing, and oven drying. Dispersing the obtained solid into 2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, carrying out hydrothermal stirring at 80 ℃ for 16h, separating out the solid, washing, and drying to obtain the white precursor of the hexacyclic group silicon-oxygen tetrahedron.
(2) Dispersing 0.3g of the prepared precursor in water to form a suspension and ultrasonically dispersing for 30min, then, adding 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution dropwise while stirring, adjusting the pH to 10, and then, adding 10mmol of Cu (NO)3)2·3H2O and 20mmol NH4NO3And preparing an aqueous solution, adding the aqueous solution into the suspension, dropwise adding 1mL of 28% ammonia water into the suspension, and stirring for 10 min.
(3) And transferring the obtained suspension into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle with the capacity of 100mL, carrying out microwave reaction for 120min at the temperature of 200 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifugally separating out solids, washing, and carrying out vacuum drying for 2h at the temperature of 60 ℃. Obtaining two-dimensional CuSiO3Nanosheets.
The subsequent detection method for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction was as in example 1, and the result showed that the methanol concentration reached 1.38. mu. mol. L after 6 hours-1
Comparative example 1
(1) 0.3g of commercial SiO2Dispersing in water to obtain suspension, ultrasonically dispersing for 30min, adding 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution while stirring, adjusting pH to 10, and adding 10mmol Cu (NO)3)2·3H2O and 20mmol NH4NO3And preparing an aqueous solution, adding the aqueous solution into the suspension, dropwise adding 1mL of 28% ammonia water into the suspension, and stirring for 10 min.
(3) And transferring the obtained suspension into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle with the capacity of 100mL, carrying out microwave reaction for 120min at the temperature of 220 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifugally separating out solids, washing, and carrying out vacuum drying for 2h at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain a solid-1.
The XRD patterns are shown in FIG. 4 by comparing CuO and SiO2The PDF card of (1) shows that diffraction characteristic peaks peculiar to CuO appear at angles of 35.45 °, 28.73 °, 48.76 °, 61.57 °, and CuSiO is not obtained3A large amount of micron-sized spherical copper oxide was observed from the TEM image.
The subsequent detection method for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction is as in example 1, and the result shows that the methanol concentration only reaches 0.24 mu mol.L after 6h-1
Comparative example 2
(1) Adding 10mmol of Na2SiO4·9H2Dispersing O in water to obtain suspension, ultrasonically dispersing for 30min, adding 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution while stirring, adjusting pH to 10, and adding 10mmol Cu (NO)3)3·3H2O and 20mmol NH4NO3And preparing an aqueous solution, adding the aqueous solution into the suspension, dropwise adding 1mL of 28% ammonia water into the suspension, and stirring for 10 min.
(3) And transferring the obtained suspension into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle with the capacity of 100mL, carrying out microwave reaction for 120min at the temperature of 220 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifugally separating out solids, washing, and carrying out vacuum drying for 2h at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain a solid-2.
The XRD pattern is shown in FIG. 4, and CuSiO is not obtained3Sample, amorphous.
The subsequent detection method for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction was as in example 1, and the results showed that the methanol concentration reached only 0.27. mu. mol. L after 6 hours-1
In combination with the above examples, it can be seen that SiO is obtained by the process of the invention2Still retains the structure of six-ring-base type silicon-oxygen tetrahedron, while the SiO is commercially available2The shape of the microsphere is mostly smooth surface microsphere, and the microsphere does not have a six-ring-based silicon-oxygen tetrahedron structure, and the purpose of converting the attapulgite into SiO in the invention cannot be achieved in application2The effect of (1).
In addition, although the SiO2 crystal prepared by a precipitation method (silicate is acidified to obtain loose, finely dispersed SiO2 crystal precipitated in a flocculent structure) in the prior art also exists in the form of silicon-oxygen tetrahedron, the SiO2 crystal is scattered without any sign, does not have a unit of 'hexacyclic-ring-based silicon-oxygen tetrahedron' in attapulgite, and does not have structural advantages in the process of synthesizing lamellar silicic acid.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and their concepts should be equivalent or changed within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate from attapulgite comprises the following steps: MSiO3Wherein M is any one of Fe, Co, Cu and Ni, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) immersing the attapulgite powder into 3-7 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, mixing, stirring and pretreating for 0.5-4 h, then washing and drying to obtain pretreated attapulgite powder;
(2) dispersing the attapulgite powder pretreated in the step (1) into an acid solution with the concentration of less than 5mol/L, carrying out hydrothermal stirring for 4-16 h, separating out solids, washing, and drying to obtain a hexacyclic silica tetrahedron white precursor;
(3) dispersing the precursor prepared in the step (2) in water to form a suspension, ultrasonically dispersing the suspension, adjusting the pH to 6-10 during stirring, dissolving transition metal nitrate in the suspension, and then dissolving NH4NO3Adding the mixture into the turbid liquid, dropwise adding ammonia water into the turbid liquid, and stirring the mixture until the mixture is uniform to obtain a uniform turbid liquid, wherein the molar ratio of silicon to transition metal elements to ammonium ions is 1-2: 1-4: 1-12, and the transition metal nitrate is any one of Fe, Co, Cu and Ni nitrates;
(4) and (4) transferring the uniform suspension obtained in the step (3) into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle, carrying out microwave reaction for 30-120 min at 120-220 ℃, then naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifugally separating out solids, washing, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the two-dimensional nanosheet silicate.
2. The method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate with attapulgite according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the solid-to-liquid ratio of the attapulgite powder to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1:1, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 5mol/L, and the pretreatment time is 2 hours.
3. The method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate with attapulgite according to claim 1, wherein: the solid-to-liquid ratio of the pretreated attapulgite powder to the hydrochloric acid solution in the step (2) is 1:10, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 2mol/L, the hydrothermal temperature is 80 ℃, and the hydrothermal stirring time is 6 hours.
4. The method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate with attapulgite according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution or 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution is dripped to adjust the pH.
5. The method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate with attapulgite according to claim 1, wherein: and (4) the ultrasonic dispersion time in the step (3) is 30 min.
6. The method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate with attapulgite according to claim 1, wherein: the mass concentration of ammonia water in the step (3) is 28%, and the stirring time is 10 min.
7. The method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate with attapulgite according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the vacuum drying temperature is 60 ℃, and the vacuum drying time is 2 hours.
8. The method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheet silicate with attapulgite according to claim 1, wherein: the acid solution in the step (2) is one of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
9. Use of a two-dimensional nanosheet silicate produced by the process of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the method is used for preparing methanol by photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction.
10. Use of a two-dimensional nanosheet silicate as defined in claim 9, wherein: dispersing the two-dimensional nano-sheet silicate in deionized water, then adding the deionized water into a photocatalytic reaction device, and then adding CO2And introducing the mixture into a reaction device at a set flow rate, and then irradiating to catalyze carbon dioxide for reduction to prepare the methanol.
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