CN113479234A - Health state monitoring device and system of track fixing assembly - Google Patents
Health state monitoring device and system of track fixing assembly Download PDFInfo
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- CN113479234A CN113479234A CN202110978678.7A CN202110978678A CN113479234A CN 113479234 A CN113479234 A CN 113479234A CN 202110978678 A CN202110978678 A CN 202110978678A CN 113479234 A CN113479234 A CN 113479234A
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- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 230000003862 health status Effects 0.000 description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
- B61K9/08—Measuring installations for surveying permanent way
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
- B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/0002—Arrangements for supporting, fixing or guiding the measuring instrument or the object to be measured
- G01B5/0004—Supports
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
- G01L1/2206—Special supports with preselected places to mount the resistance strain gauges; Mounting of supports
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a health state monitoring device of a track fixing assembly, which comprises a tightness detection device, a wireless communication device and an electric energy collection device, wherein the tightness detection device is connected with the wireless communication device; the electric energy collecting device is used for collecting electric energy and supplying power to the tightness detecting device and the wireless communication device; the tightness detection device is used for detecting tightness data of the track fixing assembly; the wireless communication device is used for transmitting the tightness data output by the tightness detection device in a wireless mode. A health state monitoring system of the track fixing assembly of the health state monitoring device comprising the track fixing assembly is further provided. The electric energy collection device and the wireless communication device are adopted to realize the electrification of the tightness detection device and the transmission of data after electrification, a complete solution scheme applied to the health state monitoring of the rail fixing assembly is constructed, and the tightness detection device is a passive device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail detection, in particular to a health state monitoring device and system of a rail fixing assembly.
Background
Along with the development of science and technology, the quantity of track traffic is growing day by day, and the installation of track is mainly through track fixed subassembly with fixed at present, including structures such as bolt and bullet strip, and the not hard up of track fixed subassembly can lead to the track skew original design position to cause very big potential safety hazard to the train that traveles at a high speed.
At present, manual inspection is mainly adopted for tightness detection of the rail fixing assembly, but the manual inspection wastes time and labor, the efficiency is extremely low, and great potential safety hazards exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a health state monitoring device and system of a track fixing assembly.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides, in one embodiment, a health monitoring device for a track securing assembly, comprising a tightness detection device, a wireless communication device, and a power harvesting device; the electric energy collecting device is used for collecting electric energy and supplying power to the tightness detecting device and the wireless communication device; the tightness detection device is used for detecting tightness data of the track fixing assembly; the wireless communication device is used for transmitting the tightness data output by the tightness detection device in a wireless mode.
In a second aspect, in one embodiment, the present invention provides a health monitoring system for a rail fixing assembly, comprising the health monitoring device for a rail fixing assembly; and a second wireless unit and a data collection device connected to each other;
the second wireless unit is used for transmitting radio frequency signals to the wireless communication device and receiving tightness data sent by the wireless communication device;
the data collection device is used for analyzing and processing the tightness data output by the second wireless unit.
By the health state monitoring device and the health state monitoring system of the track fixing component, the tightness detection device is adopted to realize the acquisition of the tightness data of the track fixing component, so that the automatic acquisition is realized, and the efficiency and the safety performance are improved; the electric energy collection device and the wireless communication device are adopted to realize the electrification of the tightness detection device and the transmission of data after electrification, a complete solution scheme applied to the health state monitoring of the rail fixing assembly is constructed, and the tightness detection device is a passive device.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a health monitoring system for a rail fastening assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit configuration including a plurality of tightness detection devices according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the health monitoring system of the track-fixing component of the RFID system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a circuit configuration including a plurality of tightness detection devices under an RFID system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the detection unit and the circular circuit board assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a detecting unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a detection unit disposed on a rail mounting assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a detecting unit disposed on a rail fixing assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a front cross-sectional view of a gasket in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a top view of a shim according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a track fastening assembly secured to a track in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating the detection principle of the detection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural view illustrating a rail fixing assembly fixed to a rail according to another embodiment of the present invention.
In the above drawings: 1. a detection unit; 11. a spring plate; 12. a strain gauge; 13. a convex portion; 14. a gasket; 141. an accommodating space; 142. a placement groove; 15. a fixing bolt; 21. a spring bar; 22. a bolt; 23. a fixed structure; 3. a circular ring type circuit board; 31. avoiding a space; 4. a track.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In a first aspect, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, in one embodiment, the present invention provides a health monitoring device for a track fastening assembly, comprising a tightness detection device, a wireless communication device, and a power harvesting device;
the electric energy collecting device is used for collecting electric energy and supplying power to the tightness detecting device and the wireless communication device; the tightness detection device is used for detecting tightness data of the track fixing assembly; the wireless communication device is used for transmitting the tightness data output by the tightness detection device in a wireless mode.
The tightness detection device comprises a processing unit and a detection unit connected with the processing unit, and the detection unit is arranged on the track fixing component;
the processing unit is used for obtaining tightness data according to the detection data sent by the detection unit and transmitting the tightness data to the wireless communication device for sending.
The processing unit and the wireless communication device communicate with each other by using I2C (Integrated Circuit bus) or SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface).
The processing unit is also internally provided with an analog-to-digital conversion module for converting the analog signal output by the detection unit into a digital signal. In other embodiments, the analog-to-digital conversion module is implemented as a stand-alone module.
By the health state monitoring device of the track fixing assembly, the tightness detection device is adopted to realize the acquisition of the tightness data of the track fixing assembly, so that the automatic acquisition is realized, and the efficiency and the safety performance are improved; the electric energy collection device and the wireless communication device are adopted to realize the electrification of the tightness detection device and the transmission of data after electrification, a complete solution scheme applied to the health state monitoring of the rail fixing assembly is constructed, and the tightness detection device is a passive device.
In one embodiment, the electric energy collection device is used for receiving one or more of mechanical energy, solar energy, wind energy and electromagnetic waves and converting the one or more of the mechanical energy, the solar energy, the wind energy and the electromagnetic waves into electric energy for supplying power.
As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment, a preprocessing unit is further included between the detection unit and the processing unit, and the preprocessing unit is configured to perform filtering, noise reduction, signal amplification, impedance conversion, and the like on the detection data.
The detection data are preprocessed through the preprocessing unit, so that the signal quality is improved, and the precision of a subsequent processing result is ensured.
When the detection unit comprises the strain gauge, the strain gauge is a resistor with the resistance value changing along with the structural deformation, and the resistance change of the strain gauge is converted into voltage change through the Wheatstone bridge in the preprocessing unit; when temperature compensation is required, the temperature compensation strain gauge is replaced by a resistor in the Wheatstone bridge.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in one embodiment, the wireless communication device is composed of a first coil and a communication processing circuit, the power harvesting device is composed of a first coil and a power processing circuit, and the wireless communication device and the power harvesting device together form a first wireless unit;
the electric energy collecting device is used for receiving the radio frequency signals, converting the radio frequency signals into proper electric energy and supplying power to the tightness detecting device and/or the wireless communication device.
The wireless communication device and the electric energy collecting device jointly form an electronic tag in an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) system. The electric energy processing circuit is mainly used for conditioning, stabilizing and converting the electric signal output by the first coil, so that the power supply requirement of the tightness detection device is met.
The communication processing circuit is mainly used for coding and modulating the elastic data so as to meet the transmission requirement.
In one embodiment, the health monitoring device of the rail fixing assembly further comprises an energy storage unit, and the energy storage unit comprises a super capacitor and/or a secondary battery.
The tightness detection device comprises a tightness detection device, an energy storage unit, a first wireless unit, a second wireless unit and a controller, wherein the energy storage unit is arranged, electric energy generated by the first wireless unit is output to the energy storage unit, and the tightness detection device is powered by the energy storage unit to ensure the continuity and stability of power supply; in addition, the energy storage unit can also accumulate the low-power electric energy generated by the first wireless unit and then output the high-power electric energy to meet the use requirement.
In one embodiment, the health status monitoring device of the rail fixing assembly further includes a storage unit connected to the processing unit, and the processing unit may store the tightness data in the storage unit, so that after the power is turned on, the processing unit may directly transmit the historical tightness data stored in the storage unit through the first wireless unit. In other embodiments, the memory unit may be built into the first wireless unit, such that upon power up, the first wireless unit directly obtains and transmits the historical tightness data stored in the memory unit.
The storage unit includes a Non-Volatile Random Access Memory (NVRAM), which is a Memory capable of maintaining data after power is off, and is suitable for a tightness detection device in a passive environment for a long time.
By providing the storage unit, not only the history data can be saved, but also the efficiency of data transmission can be improved.
In one embodiment, the sensed data includes at least one of strain data, pressure data, distance data, position data.
As shown in fig. 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 11, in one embodiment, the detecting unit 1 includes a spring plate 11, a strain gauge 12 disposed on the spring plate 11 and connected to the processing unit, a convex portion 13, and a spacer 14 fitted over the bolt 22 and located between the head of the bolt 22 and the elastic strip 21; the rail fixing component comprises an elastic strip 21 arranged on the rail 4 in a pressing mode and a bolt 22 arranged on the elastic strip 21 in a pressing mode; the spring plate 11 is arranged between the head of the bolt 22 and the gasket 14; one end of the gasket 14 close to the screw of the bolt 22 is provided with an accommodating space 141, and the other end of the gasket 14 is provided with a placing groove 142; one end of the spring piece 11 is fixed in the placing groove 142; the other end of the spring piece 11 is placed in the accommodating space 141, the convex portion 13 is provided on the end of the spring piece 11 placed in the accommodating space 141, and the end of the spring piece 11 placed in the accommodating space 141 moves in the accommodating space 141 correspondingly according to the change in the distance between the gasket 14 and the head of the bolt 22; the processing unit and the first wireless unit are integrated on a circular ring type circuit board 3, and the circular ring type circuit board 3 is disposed on the spacer 14.
The circular circuit board 3 is merely an example, and may be other regular circuit boards or irregular circuit boards in other embodiments.
As shown in fig. 7, one end of the spring plate 11 placed in the placing groove 142 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the placing groove 142 by the fixing bolt 15.
As shown in fig. 7, the circular circuit board 3 is disposed on the upper surface of the gasket 14 and is provided with an avoiding space 31, the avoiding space 31 is a through hole, and the avoiding space 31 is used for accommodating the head of the fixing bolt 15, so that the circular circuit board 3 is prevented from being damaged due to stress; the circular circuit board 3 is fixedly connected with the gasket 14 in a bonding mode.
As shown in fig. 8, in other embodiments, when the thickness of the circular circuit board 3 is sufficient, the avoiding space 31 may also be a groove at the bottom of the circular circuit board 3.
The convex portion 13 is used for forming a height difference, when the head of the bolt 22 is pressed against the upper surface of the gasket 14, the convex portion 13 bends the spring piece 11 downwards due to the pressure of the head of the bolt 22, and when the bolt 22 and the gasket 14 are loosened (possibly caused by the loosening and breaking of the bolt, or the loosening and breaking of the spring strip), the bending degree of the spring piece 11 changes, namely, the spring piece moves in the accommodating space 141.
Wherein, the degree of depth of standing groove 142 is unanimous basically with the thickness of spring leaf 11, makes the upper surface of spring leaf 11 flush with the upper surface of gasket 14 to be convenient for circular ring type circuit board 3 sets up on gasket 14, avoids circular ring type circuit board 3 because of the damage that unsmooth placing and lead to on gasket 14.
The accommodating space 141 is for the spring plate 11 to move therein, and in this embodiment, the accommodating space 141 may be a groove or a through hole with a bottom, and the depth of the accommodating space 141 is enough to satisfy the moving requirement, that is, when the head of the bolt 22 is attached to the gasket 14, the convex portion 13 and the corresponding portion of the spring plate 11 can be accommodated in the accommodating space 141.
In other embodiments, the cantilever beam may be constructed by providing a corresponding space and fixing point on the head of the bolt 22.
The strain gauge 12 is disposed on the lower surface of the spring plate 11, and because the strain gauge 12 is located in the accommodating space 141, the area available for use on the lower surface of the spring plate 11 is larger, so that the strain gauge 12 is convenient to dispose, and is prevented from being damaged in an actual environment. Of course, in other embodiments, the strain gauge 12 may be disposed on the upper surface of the spring plate 11.
Wherein, still include the waterproof construction who covers at the surface of ring type circuit board 3 to the adaptation outdoor environment.
In other embodiments, the processing unit and the first wireless unit may not be disposed on the track fixing assembly, and may be disposed directly near the track fixing assembly, for example, and may be disposed in a protective box near the track fixing assembly.
The specific detection principle of the detection unit 1 in this embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 12, point a represents the position of the convex portion 13, point O represents the position of the fixing point of the spring plate 11 to the circular ring type circuit board 3, point F represents the pressure between the head of the bolt 22 and the washer 14, point i represents the distance between the position of the convex portion 13 and the position of the fixing point, point b represents the section width of the spring plate 11, point d represents the section height of the spring plate 11, so that the stress of the spring plate 11 is simplified to a cantilever beam model, and point w represents the deflection of the cantilever beam.
Wherein, according to the formula of cantilever beam's calculation, there is:
where M is the moment, and M ═ Fl. E is the modulus of elasticity of the material, and I is the moment of inertia of the cross section to the z-axis. The deflection of the point A is as follows:
according to the assumption of a neutral plane in material mechanics, the calculated relationship of strain epsilon is as follows:
from the formula 3, 4
The maximum strain appears at the position y ═ d/2, that is, the strain data measured by the upper and lower surfaces of the spring piece 11, that is, the lower/upper surface pasting strain gauge 12 are:
yield strength sigma of conventional 65Mn spring steelsThe elastic modulus E is about 800MPa and about 200 GPa. In order to ensure that the spring plate 11 does not deform in a plastic manner during long-term operation, the stress is designed to be smaller than the yield strength, and the allowable stress can be taken as follows:
accordingly, the permitted applications become:
parameters of the spring plate 11 meeting requirements can be designed by comprehensively considering allowable strain limit, pretightening force of the bolt 22, measurement signal-to-noise ratio and actual size. Depending on the size of the bolt 22 (the diameter of the bolt 22 is around 20 mm), the present embodiment gives a set of parameters:
l＝18mm
d＝0.5mm
wA＝0.5mm
the maximum strain data designed according to the parameters are as follows:
εmax＝0.77*10-3<[ε]#8
can meet the long-term use requirement and is also in the range that the strain gauge 12 can be normally used.
The strain gauge 12 is used for detection, continuous quantity can be obtained, and early warning of different levels can be flexibly realized. Specifically, the received elasticity data is compared with preset elasticity data, a comparison difference is calculated, an elasticity coefficient is judged according to the comparison difference, an alarm grade is determined according to the elasticity coefficient, and corresponding alarm information is sent according to the alarm grade.
In other embodiments, the convex portion 13 may not be provided, and by designing the spring plate 11 to be a curved surface, the curved surface of the spring plate 11 is flattened when the head of the bolt 22 is pressed against the upper surface of the spacer 14.
In other embodiments, the spring plate 11 may also be disposed between the spacer 14 and the spring bar 21. In this method, if the detection unit 1 is installed in a cantilever manner, a corresponding space and a fixed point need to be provided in the bottom of the elastic strip 21 or the pad 14.
In other embodiments, where the track fixing assembly does not include the spacer 14, the spring plate 11 is disposed between the head of the bolt 22 and the spring bar 21. In this embodiment, if the detection unit 1 is installed in a cantilever manner, a corresponding space and a fixing point need to be provided in the head portion of the elastic bar 21 or the bolt 22.
In other embodiments, the detecting unit 1 may be arranged in an arch shape if it is not arranged in a cantilever manner.
As shown in fig. 13, in an embodiment, the detecting unit 1 includes a spring plate and a strain gauge disposed on the spring plate and connected to the processing unit (the spring plate and the strain gauge are not shown in fig. 13, and refer to the above embodiment in particular), wherein the rail fixing assembly includes a spring strip 21 disposed on the rail 4, and the spring plate is disposed between the spring strip 21 and the rail 4.
If the detection unit 1 is to be installed in a cantilever manner, a corresponding space and a corresponding fixed point need to be provided on the track 4.
However, if the detecting unit 1 is not provided in a cantilever manner, the spring piece 11 may be provided in an arch shape.
Wherein the processing unit and the first wireless unit may be placed directly adjacent to the rail fixing assembly, in particular may be placed in a protective box adjacent to the rail fixing assembly.
Wherein, because the fixed subassembly of track only contains bullet strip 21, therefore the one end of bullet strip 21 is fixed and is compressed tightly through fixed knot structure 23, and the other end is established on track 4 by pressure.
In one embodiment, the detection unit comprises a strain gauge connected with the processing unit, the rail fixing assembly comprises an elastic strip pressed on the rail, the strain gauge is used for being arranged on the elastic strip, and the strain gauge is used for detecting strain data of the elastic strip and sending the strain data to the processing unit.
Wherein, because bullet strip itself meets an emergency and changes the degree greatly, consequently can directly judge the elasticity condition of track fixed subassembly through the strain gauge data that meet an emergency of detecting bullet strip. Specifically, the strain gauge may be disposed at a position where the elastic strip has a large strain degree, such as at the upper end or the lower end of the top of the elastic strip bow.
In other embodiments, the purpose of strain detection can be realized by directly embedding a resistance wire in the elastic strip.
The processing unit and the first wireless unit can be directly placed near the track fixing component, and particularly can be placed in a protection box near the track fixing component; in other embodiments, the strain gauge is integrated with the processing unit and the first wireless unit inside the elastic strip.
The strain gauge is adopted for detection, so that continuous quantity can be obtained, and early warning of different levels can be flexibly realized.
In one embodiment, the detection unit comprises a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is used for detecting pressure data among components in the track fixing assembly, and if the detected pressure data is smaller than preset pressure data, looseness is indicated, otherwise, over-tightness is indicated.
In one embodiment, the detection unit includes a position sensor, the position sensor includes an ultrasonic sensor or a capacitive sensor, and the position sensor is configured to detect distance data between components in the rail fixing assembly, such as distance data between a head of the bolt and the elastic strip, and if the detected distance data is smaller than preset distance data, it indicates that looseness occurs, otherwise, it indicates over-tightening.
In one embodiment, the detection unit comprises a microswitch; the microswitch is used for sending a trigger instruction to the processing unit after the microswitch is invalid.
The micro switch is a contact mechanism having a minute contact interval and a snap action mechanism and performing a switching operation with a predetermined stroke and a predetermined force. Specifically, when the fixed subassembly of track includes bolt and bullet strip, micro-gap switch can set up between the head of bolt and bullet strip, and under the extrusion of the head of bolt and bullet strip, micro-gap switch is closed, and the distance between bolt and bullet strip is elongated, and micro-gap switch disconnection leads to becoming invalid, takes place trigger command this moment, and processing unit is used for obtaining elasticity data according to trigger command.
It should be noted that, the microswitch is used for detection, and only the switching value is output, and the continuous value cannot be obtained, so that the early warning effect of the microswitch is not as good as that of a strain gauge, a pressure sensor and a position sensor.
In a second aspect, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, in one embodiment, the present invention provides a health monitoring system for a rail fixing assembly, comprising a health monitoring device for any one of the rail fixing assemblies described above; and a second wireless unit and a data collection device connected to each other;
the second wireless unit is used for transmitting radio frequency signals to the first wireless unit and receiving tightness data sent by the first wireless unit.
The data collection device can be arranged on a special detection vehicle, and the detection vehicle can run on the track.
The tightness detection device, the first wireless unit, the data collection device and the second wireless unit respectively form a transponder and a card reader of the RFID system, the first wireless unit and the second wireless unit respectively comprise respective coils, and then power is supplied in a magnetic resonance mode.
The second wireless unit and the first wireless unit adopt HF (1.8 MHz-30 MHz) frequency band for transmission, so that the reliability of power supply and communication under the scenes of rainwater, dust and the like is ensured.
The specific workflow of this embodiment is as follows:
the data collection device and the second wireless unit are assembled on the detection vehicle, the data collection device sends a control instruction to the second wireless unit, the second wireless unit sends out a radio frequency signal according to the control instruction, the first wireless unit receives the radio frequency signal sent by the second wireless unit along with the running of the detection vehicle and converts the radio frequency signal into electric energy, and the tightness detection device is electrified based on the electric energy; the detection unit collects detection data of the track fixing assembly after electrification, such as pressure data among components, strain data of the components and the like, and then sends the collected detection data to the processing unit; the processing unit converts the detection data into corresponding tightness data, for example, judges and compares the received strain data with preset strain data (the preset strain data refers to the strain data detected when the detection unit is assembled on the rail fixing component and the rail fixing component is just fastened at the moment, so that the corresponding preset strain data of different rail fixing components are basically different due to the difference of device parameters and assembly), if the received strain data is smaller than the preset strain data, the looseness is shown, otherwise, the over-tightness is shown, and finally, the obtained tightness data is sent to the first wireless unit; the first wireless unit modulates the signal containing the elasticity data and then sends out the signal; the second wireless unit receives the tightness data and sends the tightness data to the data collection device, and the data collection device analyzes and processes the tightness data so as to facilitate subsequent analysis and processing.
Wherein the second wireless unit comprises at least one coil, when the second wireless unit only has one coil, the coil is required to complete the transmission of the radio frequency signal and the receiving of the tightness data, and the sending of the radio frequency signal and the receiving of the tightness data are performed alternately, and the data acquisition of each tightness detection device needs to be performed alternately twice (for example, the working state of the second wireless unit is a data receiving state when the data acquisition of the previous tightness detection device is completed, the wireless unit needs to be switched to a signal sending state and then to a data receiving state when the data acquisition of the next tightness detection device is started, and then to perform the data acquisition of the next tightness detection device), therefore, the switching frequency of the operating state of the second wireless unit needs to be set according to the distance between each of the tightness detecting devices and the running speed of the detection vehicle.
In other embodiments, the processing unit does not perform conversion processing on the received detection data, and directly transmits the detection data as the tightness data. By adopting the health state monitoring system of the track fixing component, the first wireless unit and the second wireless unit are adopted to realize the electrification of the tightness detection device and the transmission of data after electrification, and a complete solution scheme applied to the health state monitoring of the track fixing component is constructed. The tightness detection device is a passive device, when only the second wireless unit is close to the first wireless unit, the tightness detection device is powered on to work, and is in a power-off and shutdown state along with the distance of the second wireless unit after the work is finished, so that the tightness detection device does not need to continuously maintain a working state and has a long service life; in addition, set up data collection device on the track that corresponds detects the car, can realize the high-speed health status monitoring to a large amount of track fixed subassembly.
In one embodiment, the tightness detection device may be powered by other methods, for example, the first wireless unit and the second wireless unit may be powered by magnetic induction when the corresponding coils are close enough.
In one embodiment, to wirelessly power at greater distances, the array antenna may be used to form a beam of electromagnetic waves to power.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in one embodiment, the second wireless unit includes a second coil and a third coil;
the second coil is used for transmitting radio frequency signals to the electric energy collecting device; the third coil is used for receiving tightness data sent by the wireless communication device. The mode that the second wireless unit set up two coils can prolong the power supply time of data acquisition at every turn, effectively promotes the functioning speed.
The second coil is arranged on the detection vehicle and is positioned in front of the third coil, namely the second coil passes through the first wireless unit first and then passes through the first wireless unit. Therefore, the second coil and the third coil only need to keep the working states of the second coil and the third coil, and switching is not needed, so that program control is simplified; the second coil enters the transmission range of the first wireless unit first, and sends out a radio frequency signal, so that the tightness detection device is powered on, when the third coil enters the transmission range of the first wireless unit, the first wireless unit is also in a data sending state, transmission time does not need to be increased by controlling the running speed of the detection vehicle, so that the acquisition process of the tightness detection device is waited, the running speed of the detection vehicle is further increased, and the detection efficiency is higher.
In other embodiments, a fourth coil, a fifth coil, and the like may be included, and a plurality of coils may be functionally divided.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in one embodiment, the health monitoring system of the rail fixing assembly further includes a data processing device connected to the data collecting device;
and the data processing device is used for analyzing and processing the analyzed tightness data.
Wherein, the data processing device carries out analysis processing, early warning and the like on the tightness data. For example, the data processing device compares the received tightness data with preset tightness data, calculates a comparison difference, judges whether the tightness is loosened or over-tightened according to the comparison difference, and sends alarm information if the tightness is loosened or over-tightened.
For example, each tightness detection device outputs tightness data Fi (values between 0 and 1, 0 indicates complete loosening, and 1 indicates complete fastening), wherein the tightness data Fi is calculated according to the following formula:
umax corresponds to the voltage value output by the preprocessing unit when the device is not loosened at all, for example, Umax is 0.578V, but in consideration of differences in device parameters and assembly, Ui at the time of initial fastening may be read out uniformly as Umax after the actual initial mounting is completed.
The early warning judgment can be independently carried out according to the tightness data output by the single tightness detection device, if the tightness data output by the single tightness detection device is lower than Fmax(for example, take Fmax0.5) is considered risky, an alarm is generated.
For this reason, the data processing device may also perform an average calculation on the tightness data output by the tightness detection devices, such as:
calculating the comprehensive tightness data FA according to the following formulai：
Wherein i is the current position, 2n +1 is the number of adjacent tightness detection devices for comprehensive judgment, and the above formula represents that the tightness data of 2n +1 tightness detection devices are averaged before and after the ith tightness detection device.
When FA is presenti<FAmaxA loosening warning may be generated.
One reference setting for the threshold of the composite slack data is FAmax＝0.75。
Therefore, the overall steady state condition of all the track fixing assemblies within a certain length range is obtained, and the method has practical value.
The averaging mode may further include weighted averaging, and the tightness data corresponding to the rail fixing assembly at the important position may be set to have a higher weight.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above examples are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (19)
1. A health state monitoring device of a track fixing assembly is characterized by comprising a tightness detection device, a wireless communication device and an electric energy collection device; the electric energy collecting device is used for collecting electric energy and supplying power to the tightness detecting device and the wireless communication device; the tightness detection device is used for detecting tightness data of the track fixing assembly; the wireless communication device is used for transmitting the tightness data output by the tightness detection device in a wireless mode.
2. The track securing assembly health monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the electrical energy harvesting device is configured to receive and convert one or more of mechanical energy, solar energy, wind energy, electromagnetic waves into electrical energy.
3. The track-securing assembly health monitoring device of claim 2, wherein the power harvesting device receives electromagnetic waves and converts them to electrical power by magnetic resonance.
4. The track securing assembly health monitoring device of claim 3, wherein the wireless communication device and the power harvesting device comprise a first wireless unit;
the electric energy collecting device is used for receiving the radio frequency signals and converting the radio frequency signals into electric energy.
5. The track securing assembly health monitoring device of claim 4, wherein the first wireless unit comprises a first coil and a communication processing circuit and a power processing circuit respectively connected to the first coil, the first coil and the communication processing circuit forming the wireless communication device, the first coil and the power processing circuit forming the power harvesting device.
6. The track securing assembly health monitoring device of claim 1, further comprising a storage unit;
the storage unit is used for storing the tightness data output by the tightness detection device.
7. The track-securing assembly health monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the tightness detection device comprises a processing unit and a detection unit connected to the processing unit, the detection unit being configured to be disposed on the track-securing assembly;
the processing unit is used for obtaining tightness data according to the detection data sent by the detection unit and transmitting the tightness data to the wireless communication device for sending.
8. The track securing assembly health monitoring device of claim 7, wherein the sensed data includes at least one of strain data, pressure data, distance data, position data.
9. The track securing assembly health monitoring device of claim 7, wherein the detection unit includes a strain gauge connected to the processing unit;
the strain gauge is used for detecting strain data and sending the strain data to the processing unit;
the processing unit is used for obtaining tightness data according to the strain data.
10. The track securing assembly health monitoring device of claim 9, wherein the detection unit further comprises a spring plate, the strain gauge being disposed on the spring plate;
the strain gauge is used for detecting the strain data of the spring piece and sending the strain data to the processing unit.
11. The track securing assembly health monitoring device of claim 10, wherein the spring plate is configured to be positioned on the track securing assembly in a cantilever beam.
12. The track fastening assembly health monitoring device of claim 11, wherein the track fastening assembly comprises a spring bar for pressing on the track and a bolt for pressing on the spring bar; the detection unit further comprises a gasket which is sleeved on the screw rod of the bolt and located between the head of the bolt and the elastic strip, and the spring piece is arranged between the head of the bolt and the gasket or between the gasket and the elastic strip.
13. The health monitoring device of claim 12, wherein the spacer has an end defining an accommodating space; one end of the spring piece is placed in the accommodating space, the other end of the spring piece is fixed with the other end of the gasket, and one end of the spring piece placed in the accommodating space moves in the accommodating space correspondingly according to the change of the distance between the gasket and the head of the bolt or the elastic strip.
14. The track fixing assembly health monitoring device of claim 13, wherein the end of the spring plate placed in the receiving space is provided with a protrusion for contacting the head of the bolt or the spring strip.
15. The track securing assembly health monitoring device of claim 12, wherein the processing unit, the wireless communication device and the power harvesting device are integrated on a donut-type circuit board disposed on the pad.
16. The track securing assembly health monitoring device of claim 7, wherein the detection unit includes a micro switch;
the microswitch is used for sending a trigger instruction to the processing unit after the microswitch is invalid;
and the processing unit is used for obtaining tightness data according to the trigger instruction.
17. A health monitoring system for a rail fixing assembly, comprising a health monitoring device for a rail fixing assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16; and a second wireless unit and a data collection device connected to each other;
the second wireless unit is used for transmitting radio frequency signals to the wireless communication device and receiving tightness data sent by the wireless communication device;
the data collection device is used for analyzing and processing the tightness data output by the second wireless unit.
18. The rail fixation assembly health monitoring system of claim 17, wherein the second wireless unit comprises a second coil and a third coil;
the second coil is used for transmitting a radio frequency signal to the wireless communication device; the third coil is used for receiving tightness data sent by the wireless communication device.
19. The track securing assembly health monitoring system of claim 17, further comprising a data processing device connected to the data collection device;
and the data processing device is used for analyzing and processing the analyzed tightness data.
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Effective date of registration: 20220815 Address after: Room b2101-12, building 1, business finance building, Jiaxing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Zhejiang 314000 Patentee after: Jiaxing Wenxin Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Shanghai TIANLIAN rail transit Testing Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: Room 301, room 3, building 18, No. 358, Changping Road, Nanhu District, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province Patentee before: Jiaxing Aidi Technology Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: Shanghai TIANLIAN rail transit Testing Technology Co.,Ltd. |