CN113478188B - Parking gear tooth profile lateral extrusion forming method - Google Patents
Parking gear tooth profile lateral extrusion forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113478188B CN113478188B CN202110858790.7A CN202110858790A CN113478188B CN 113478188 B CN113478188 B CN 113478188B CN 202110858790 A CN202110858790 A CN 202110858790A CN 113478188 B CN113478188 B CN 113478188B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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Abstract
The invention discloses a parking gear tooth profile lateral extrusion forming method which comprises the working procedures of blanking, forging, normalizing, rough turning, first shot blasting, lubricating, cold extruding, finish turning, carburizing and quenching and second shot blasting in sequence, wherein the forging working procedure is used for forging the blanked material to preliminarily form rectangular teeth, so as to obtain prefabricated blanks for forming concave grooves on two sides of the rectangular tooth roots; and in the cold extrusion process, the prefabricated blank is placed in a cold extrusion die for normal temperature extrusion, the cold extrusion die comprises a plurality of movable modules which are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction and matched with each other, all the movable modules move along the radial direction to fold, an annular cavity for placing the prefabricated blank is formed at the front end of the folded rear end, the rear end of each movable module is acted by force during die assembly to push the movable modules to move along the radial direction, each movable module is gradually folded, the prefabricated blank in the annular cavity is further extruded in the lateral direction, and redundant metal blanks are extruded along the radial direction to flow into the concave groove and fill the concave groove to finish the rectangular tooth extrusion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile part processing, in particular to a parking gear tooth profile lateral extrusion forming method.
Background
The existing pure electric or hybrid new energy automobiles are all provided with an electric drive power assembly, the electric drive power assembly comprises a motor and a speed reducer, and an output shaft (or a rotating shaft) of the motor is connected with an input shaft of the speed reducer to transmit torque.
In the existing speed reducer, some speed reducers are provided with a parking gear for braking when a vehicle stops so as to prevent the vehicle from sliding (P gear), and the parking gear can prevent a transmission part from rotating when being locked. The parking gear is generally arranged on an intermediate shaft or an output differential, is subjected to large torque and impact load, and can cause serious consequences once tooth surface pitting or tooth root crack failure occurs, so that the material development, the manufacturing process, the gear detection and the bench test for the parking gear are all very strict.
The parking gear is generally manufactured into a prefabricated blank by adopting a hot forging process, is subjected to isothermal normalizing and finish turning, is machined into an excircle rectangular gear of the parking gear by adopting hobbing, is subjected to pull pin spline drawing, and is subjected to carburizing and quenching to grind the tooth shape; the gear precision reaches 6 grades of precision, so the processing cost is higher, the gear processing cost can be greatly reduced by adopting a cold extrusion or cold finishing process to replace a hobbing process at present, but the following technical problems still exist:
1. In the process of cold extrusion, if a cylindrical blank with a smaller diameter is directly selected for direct cold pressing forming, namely the diameter of the blank is very close to the diameter of a small-end tooth root circle, the height-diameter ratio of the blank is too large, the blank is easy to bend and destabilize, generate longitudinal bending, generate a single-side flow phenomenon and generate a larger lateral force, thereby not only influencing the precision of parts, but also easily damaging a die;
2. in the cold extrusion process, because metal is easy to accumulate in the parking tooth groove during cold pressing and the metal is difficult to flow, the defect of insufficient filling is easy to appear near the parking tooth root, and larger flash is generated, so that the forming force is increased steeply, the required shape cannot be extruded, and the product quality is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for laterally extruding a parking gear tooth profile to avoid metal accumulation near the tooth root of the parking gear by cold extrusion.
To solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the parking gear tooth profile lateral extrusion forming method comprises the working procedures of blanking, forging, normalizing, rough turning, primary shot blasting, lubricating, cold extruding, finish turning, carburizing and quenching and secondary shot blasting in sequence, wherein the forging working procedure is used for forging the blanked material to preliminarily form rectangular teeth of a parking gear, so as to obtain prefabricated blanks for forming concave grooves on two sides of the rectangular teeth; and in the cold extrusion process, the prefabricated blank processed in the previous process is placed in a cold extrusion die for normal temperature extrusion, the cold extrusion die comprises a plurality of movable modules which are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction and matched with each other, all the movable modules move along the radial direction to fold, the front end of the closed movable modules forms an annular cavity for placing the prefabricated blank, the rear end of each movable module is acted by force during die assembly to push the movable modules to move along the radial direction, each movable module is gradually folded to further laterally extrude the prefabricated blank in the annular cavity, and redundant metal blanks extrude along the radial direction to flow into the concave groove and fill the concave groove to finish the rectangular tooth finishing extrusion.
Two main steps of this scheme are forging and cold extrusion process, through forging the undercut on the preliminary formation rectangle tooth root, prepare for cold extrusion, movable mould piece through cold extrusion die is along holder radial movement, thus, make a plurality of movable mould pieces fold gradually like the petal, and then carry out the side direction extrusion to the prefabricated blank in the annular ring die cavity, the extrusion in-process, the unnecessary metal blank of prefabricated blank collects the tooth root along the rectangle flank, and then will collect the undercut in, fill the undercut and accomplish the extrusion of rectangle tooth finishing, just so avoided parking tooth root annex metal blank accumulational phenomenon to appear, the quality of improvement product.
Further, finish turning is carried out after cold extrusion, the end face of the prefabricated blank is turned, and the rectangular tooth-shaped chamfer is chamfered to remove burrs. By the design, a circle of rectangular teeth are formed on the outer circle of the prefabricated blank formed by cold extrusion, the chamfer of the rectangular teeth is deburred, and the parking teeth formed by the prefabricated blank meet the processing requirements.
Further, in the blanking process, sawing the raw material blank to a specified size according to design requirements, in the forging process, heating the sawed blank to 950 +/-20 ℃ by using power frequency heating equipment, then completing upsetting and impact extrusion of an inner hole on forging equipment to form a cup-shaped blank, and placing the forged blank in a blank heat-insulating barrel to store the residual heat of the forged piece.
Further, in the normalizing procedure, the hot forging blank is placed in a well furnace, and during heating, spheroidizing annealing treatment of the forging blank is completed under the protective atmosphere by pre-vacuumizing, introducing nitrogen and simultaneously dropwise adding methanol to remove oxygen, so that the hardness of the blank is reduced to less than or equal to 140 HB.
Further, after the normalizing process is finished, roughly turning the cup-shaped blank, and punching on an open press to form a prefabricated blank; and performing primary shot blasting, namely performing shot blasting on the prefabricated blank to remove oxide skin, turning the inner hole and the end face of the prefabricated blank, then performing macromolecular lubricant infiltration treatment, and performing air drying for extrusion.
Further, after the extrusion is finished and the hot front machine processing is carried out, in the carburizing and quenching treatment, the carbon potential is controlled to be 1% in the strong carburizing stage and 0.8% in the diffusion stage, the surface hardness, the core hardness, the carburized layer depth and the grain size of the quenched part meet the technical requirements, and the tooth surface directly meets the design requirements after the second shot blasting.
Further, cold extrusion die is including being annular cover half, and whole movable mould is located the cover half, the inclined plane is personally submitted in the movable mould outside, the inclined plane is personally submitted to the cover half inboard, during the use, applys decurrent effort to the movable mould, the movable mould with the cover half cooperatees, the cover half promotes the movable mould piece and removes along radial direction.
Through the cooperation of the movable mould and the fixed mould of the extrusion mould, the movable mould can move along the radial direction, so that the movable moulds can be gradually folded like petals, the prefabricated blank in the annular cavity can be laterally extruded, and in the extrusion process, redundant metal blanks of the prefabricated blank are collected to the tooth root along the rectangular tooth side surface.
Furthermore, the bottoms of all the movable modules are provided with retainers in sliding fit with the movable modules, the adjacent movable modules are connected through pressure springs, and a support plate is arranged below the retainers and is connected with the retainers through reset springs.
According to the scheme, the adjacent movable modules are connected through the pressure spring to realize combination to form the movable modules with elasticity, when the movable modules are stressed to move along the height direction of the fixed die, the plurality of movable modules are gradually folded, the adjacent movable modules overcome the elastic potential energy of the pressure spring to gradually draw together, and the prefabricated blank in the annular cavity is laterally extruded; when the movable module is not stressed, the retainer is driven to reset through the reset spring on the supporting plate, and the movable module on the retainer resets under the action of the pressure spring, so that the movable modules are scattered, and the blank after cold extrusion can be conveniently taken.
Furthermore, a convex block corresponding to the parking tooth socket is arranged on the movable module.
By the design, the protruding block corresponds to the tooth groove of the parking tooth, so that tooth groove extrusion is performed on the parking tooth which is not high in precision after forging, the precision of the parking tooth is guaranteed, and the product quality is improved.
Furthermore, the retainer is circular, a plurality of sliding grooves which are circumferentially arranged at a central point are formed in the retainer, and a sliding block which moves along the length direction of the sliding grooves is arranged at the bottom of the movable module.
Design like this, realize a plurality of movable mould pieces to be located the holder through spout and slider cooperation, carry on spacingly to the movable mould piece, simultaneously, utilize the slider that the slider removed along spout length direction, realize that a plurality of movable mould pieces fold gradually or scatter.
Furthermore, the center of the retainer is provided with a limit groove for placing the prefabricated blank. The prefabricated blank is limited through the limiting groove, so that the prefabricated blank is prevented from deviating from the original position when the movable module moves in the height direction.
Furthermore, an annular extrusion rod is arranged above the movable module. The movable module is driven to move along the height direction of the fixed die through the extrusion rod, and the operation is simple and convenient.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. this scheme adopts forging and two kinds of processes of cold extrusion to mutually support, realizes the rectangle tooth that forms the finishing to the extrusion of the prefabricated blank side direction after forging, simultaneously, utilizes the depressed groove that the forging formed to realize that unnecessary metal collects and guarantees the smoothness of rectangle tooth root, provides the quality of product, and the inherent tissue of metal is good, and the crystalline grain is more refined, avoids bad organizations such as coarse grain, mixed crystal.
2. According to the scheme, the rectangular teeth are extruded in a cold mode, the deformation amount of the tooth form is small, so that the tooth form precision is achieved more easily, and the size is stable; the die life is very high.
4. This scheme is through carrying out the first shot blasting back to the raw materials material section, and lubricated back carries out cold extrusion to prefabricated blank, obtains the rectangle tooth of parking tooth simultaneously, and follow-up carries out the finish turning to the blank again, and the whole manufacturing procedure that shortens carries out cold extrusion simultaneously, can effectively eliminate the inside stress of material section, is showing each item mechanical properties index that improves cold extrusion shaping back gear.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of the lateral extrusion molding method for the tooth profile of the parking gear according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a cold extrusion die of the parking gear tooth profile lateral extrusion molding method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a cage in the cold extrusion die of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the movable mold block of the cold extrusion mold of FIG. 2.
In the figure: the device comprises a fixed die 1, a movable die 2, a convex block 3, an extrusion rod 4, a retainer 5, a sliding groove 6, a return spring 7, a supporting plate 8, a limiting groove 9, a sliding block 10, a prefabricated blank 11 and a concave groove 12.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in connection with the following figures and examples.
In this embodiment: referring to fig. 1-5, the parking gear tooth profile lateral extrusion molding method comprises the steps of blanking, forging, normalizing, rough turning, primary shot blasting, lubricating, cold extruding, finish turning, carburizing and quenching and secondary shot blasting in sequence, wherein the forging step is used for forging the blanked material to preliminarily form rectangular teeth of the parking gear, so as to obtain a prefabricated blank 11 with concave grooves 12 formed on two sides of the tooth root of the rectangular teeth; and a cold extrusion process, namely placing the prefabricated blank 11 processed in the previous process in a cold extrusion die for normal-temperature extrusion, wherein the cold extrusion die comprises a plurality of movable die blocks 2 which are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction and matched with each other, the movable die blocks 2 move along the radial direction to fold, an annular cavity for placing the prefabricated blank 11 is formed at the front end of the folded rear end, the rear end of each movable die block 2 is acted by an acting force during die assembly, the movable die blocks 2 are pushed to move along the radial direction, each movable die block 2 is gradually folded, then the prefabricated blank 11 in the annular cavity is extruded laterally, redundant metal blanks are extruded along the radial direction to flow into the concave groove 12, and the concave groove 12 is filled to finish the rectangular tooth finishing extrusion.
The cold extrusion die comprises an annular fixed die 1, all movable modules 2 are located in the fixed die 1, the outer sides of the movable modules 2 are inclined planes, the inner sides of the fixed die 1 are inclined planes, when the cold extrusion die is used, downward acting force is applied to the movable modules 2, the movable modules 2 are matched with the fixed die 1, and the fixed die 1 pushes the movable modules 2 to move along the radial direction.
Two main steps of this scheme are forging and cold extrusion process, through forging preliminary sunken groove 12 on the formation rectangle tooth root, prepare for cold extrusion, movable mould and cover half 1's cooperation through cold extrusion die, realize movable mould 2 along 5 radial movement of holder, thus, make a plurality of movable mould 2 fold gradually like the petal, and then carry out the side direction extrusion to prefabricated blank 11 in the annular die cavity, the extrusion in-process, the unnecessary metal blank of prefabricated blank 11 collects the tooth root along the rectangle flank, and then will collect in sunken groove 12, fill sunken groove 12 and accomplish the extrusion of rectangle tooth finishing, just so avoided parking tooth root annex metal blank accumulational phenomenon to appear, improve the quality of product.
Preferably, finish turning is performed after cold extrusion, the end face of the preform 11 is turned, and rectangular-tooth-shaped chamfer deburring is performed. By the design, a circle of rectangular teeth are formed on the outer circle of the prefabricated blank 11 formed by cold extrusion, the chamfer of the tooth shape of the rectangular teeth is deburred, and the parking teeth formed by the prefabricated blank 11 meet the processing requirements.
Preferably, in the blanking process, sawing a raw material blank to a specified size according to design requirements, in the forging process, heating the sawn blank to 950 +/-20 ℃ by using industrial frequency heating equipment, then finishing upsetting and impact extrusion of an inner hole on forging equipment to form a cup-shaped blank, and placing the forged blank in a blank heat-insulating barrel to store the residual heat of a forged piece.
Preferably, in the normalizing process, the hot forging blank is placed in a well furnace, and during heating, spheroidizing annealing treatment of the forging blank is completed under the protective atmosphere by pre-vacuumizing, introducing nitrogen and simultaneously dropwise adding methanol to remove oxygen, so that the hardness of the blank is reduced to be less than or equal to 140 HB.
Preferably, after the normalizing process is finished, the cup-shaped blank is roughly turned, and the blank is punched on an open press to form a prefabricated blank 11; and performing primary shot blasting, namely performing shot blasting on the prefabricated blank 11 to remove oxide skin, turning the inner hole and the end face of the prefabricated blank 11, then performing high-molecular lubricant infiltration treatment, and performing air drying for extrusion.
Preferably, after the extrusion is finished and the hot front machine processing is carried out, in the carburizing and quenching treatment, the carbon potential is controlled to be 1% in the strong carburizing stage and 0.8% in the diffusion stage, the surface hardness, the core hardness, the carburized layer depth and the grain size of the part after quenching meet the technical requirements, and the tooth surface directly meets the design requirements after the second shot blasting.
Preferably, the bottom of all the movable modules 2 is provided with a retainer 5 in sliding fit with the movable modules, the adjacent movable modules 2 are connected through a pressure spring, a support plate 8 is arranged below the retainer 5, and the support plate 8 is connected with the retainer 5 through a return spring 7.
According to the scheme, the adjacent movable modules 2 are connected through the pressure springs, so that the movable modules with elasticity are combined and formed, when the movable modules are stressed to move along the height direction of the fixed die 1, the movable modules 2 are gradually folded, the adjacent movable modules 2 overcome the elastic potential energy of the pressure springs and gradually draw together, and the prefabricated blank 11 in the annular cavity is laterally extruded; when the movable modules are not stressed, the retainer 5 is driven to reset through the reset springs 7 on the supporting plates 8, and the movable modules 2 on the retainer 5 reset under the action of the pressure springs, so that the movable modules 2 are scattered, and the cold extruded blank can be conveniently taken.
Preferably, the movable module 2 is provided with a lug 3 corresponding to the parking tooth socket.
Design like this, through the lug 3 corresponding parking tooth's socket, realize carrying out the tooth's socket extrusion to the not high parking tooth of forging back precision, guarantee the precision of parking tooth, improve product quality.
Preferably, the retainer 5 is circular, the retainer 5 is provided with a plurality of sliding grooves 6 circumferentially arranged at a central point, and the bottom of the movable module 2 is provided with a slider 10 moving along the longitudinal direction of the sliding grooves 6.
Design like this, realize a plurality of modules 2 that move through the cooperation of spout 6 and slider 10 and be located holder 5, spacing moving module 2, simultaneously, utilize slider 10 that slider 10 removed along 6 length direction in spout, realize a plurality of modules 2 that move and fold gradually or scatter.
Preferably, the retainer 5 is provided with a stop groove 9 in the center for placing a preform 11. The prefabricated blank 11 is limited by the limiting groove 9, so that the prefabricated blank 11 is prevented from deviating from the original position when the movable module moves in the height direction.
Preferably, an annular extrusion rod 4 is arranged above the movable module. The movable module is driven to move along the height direction of the fixed die 1 through the extrusion rod 4, and the operation is simple and convenient.
1. This scheme adopts forging and two kinds of processes of cold extrusion to mutually support, realizes 11 side direction extrusion formation finished rectangle teeth to the prefabricated blank after forging, simultaneously, utilizes the depressed groove 12 that the forging formed to realize that unnecessary metal collects and guarantees the smoothness of rectangle tooth root, provides the quality of product, and the inherent tissue of metal is good, and the crystalline grain is more refined, avoids bad organizations such as coarse grain, mixed crystal.
2. According to the scheme, the rectangular teeth are extruded in a cold mode, the deformation amount of the tooth form is small, so that the tooth form precision is achieved more easily, and the size is stable; the die life is very high.
4. This scheme is through carrying out the first shot blasting back to the raw materials material section, and lubricated back carries out cold extrusion to prefabricated blank 11, obtains the rectangle tooth of parking tooth simultaneously, and follow-up carries out the finish turning to the blank again, and the whole manufacturing procedure that shortens carries out cold extrusion simultaneously, can effectively eliminate the inside stress of material section, and each item mechanical properties who shows improvement cold extrusion shaping rear gear indicate.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions, and those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all that should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The parking gear tooth profile lateral extrusion forming method comprises the working procedures of blanking, forging, normalizing, rough turning, primary shot blasting, lubricating, cold extruding, finish turning, carburizing and quenching and secondary shot blasting in sequence, and is characterized in that the forging working procedure is used for forging the blanked material to preliminarily form rectangular teeth of the parking gear, so as to obtain prefabricated blanks (11) with concave grooves (12) formed on two sides of the tooth root of the rectangular teeth; the cold extrusion process is characterized in that the prefabricated blank (11) processed in the previous process is placed in a cold extrusion die for normal-temperature extrusion, the cold extrusion die comprises a plurality of movable modules (2) which are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction and matched with each other, all the movable modules (2) move along the radial direction to close up the front ends to form an annular cavity for placing the prefabricated blank (11), the rear ends of the movable modules (2) are acted by force during die assembly to push the movable modules (2) to move along the radial direction, each movable module (2) is gradually closed up to further laterally extrude the prefabricated blank (11) in the annular cavity, and redundant metal blanks are extruded along the radial direction to flow into the concave groove (12) and fill the concave groove (12) to finish the rectangular tooth finishing extrusion.
2. The parking gear tooth profile lateral extrusion molding method according to claim 1, characterized in that finish turning is performed after cold extrusion, the end face of the preform (11) is turned, and the rectangular tooth profile is chamfered to remove burrs.
3. The parking gear tooth-shaped lateral extrusion forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that in a blanking process, a raw material blank is sawed to a specified size according to design requirements, in a forging process, the sawed blank is heated to 950 +/-20 ℃ by using industrial frequency heating equipment, then upsetting and impact extrusion of an inner hole are completed on forging equipment to form a cup-shaped blank, and the blank after forging is placed in a blank heat-preserving barrel to store residual heat of a forging piece.
4. The parking gear tooth-shaped lateral extrusion molding method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the normalizing process, the hot forging stock is placed in a shaft furnace, and during heating, spheroidizing annealing treatment of the forging stock is completed under the protective atmosphere by pre-vacuumizing, introducing nitrogen and simultaneously dripping methanol for removing oxygen, so that the hardness of the stock is reduced to be less than or equal to 140 HB.
5. The parking gear tooth-shaped lateral extrusion molding method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the normalizing process is completed, the cup-shaped blank is roughly turned, and the punching is completed on an open press to form a prefabricated blank (11); and performing primary shot blasting, namely performing shot blasting on the prefabricated blank (11) to remove oxide skin, turning the inner hole and the end face of the prefabricated blank (11), then performing high-molecular lubricant infiltration treatment, and performing air drying for extrusion.
6. The parking gear tooth profile lateral extrusion molding method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the carburizing and quenching treatment, the carbon potential is controlled to be 1% in the strong carburizing stage and 0.8% in the diffusion stage, the surface hardness, the core hardness, the carburized layer depth and the grain size of the quenched part meet the technical requirements, and the tooth surface directly meets the design requirements after the second shot blasting.
7. The parking gear tooth form lateral extrusion molding method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cold extrusion die comprises a fixed die (1) in an annular shape, all the movable modules (2) are located in the fixed die (1), the outer side surfaces of the movable modules (2) are inclined surfaces, the inner side surfaces of the fixed die (1) are inclined surfaces, when in use, a downward acting force is applied to the movable modules (2), the movable modules (2) are matched with the fixed die (1), and the fixed die (1) pushes the movable modules (2) to move along a radial direction.
8. The parking gear tooth-shaped lateral extrusion forming method is characterized in that a retainer (5) in sliding fit with all the movable modules (2) is arranged at the bottom of all the movable modules, adjacent movable modules (2) are connected through a compression spring, a support plate (8) is arranged below the retainer (5), and the support plate (8) is connected with the retainer (5) through a return spring (7).
9. The parking gear tooth profile lateral extrusion molding method according to claim 7, wherein the movable mold block (2) is provided with a projection (3) corresponding to a parking tooth groove.
10. The parking gear tooth-shaped lateral extrusion molding method according to claim 8, wherein the retainer (5) is circular, a plurality of sliding grooves (6) are formed in the retainer (5) and are circumferentially arranged at a central point, and a sliding block (10) which moves along the length direction of the sliding grooves (6) is arranged at the bottom of the movable module (2).
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