CN113475297A - Greenhouse planting method for peach trees - Google Patents
Greenhouse planting method for peach trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN113475297A CN113475297A CN202110851353.2A CN202110851353A CN113475297A CN 113475297 A CN113475297 A CN 113475297A CN 202110851353 A CN202110851353 A CN 202110851353A CN 113475297 A CN113475297 A CN 113475297A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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Abstract
The invention relates to a greenhouse planting method for peach trees, which comprises the following steps: step 1, applying livestock and poultry manure soil fertilizers in a hole application mode in a dormant period, wherein 1.5-3kg of livestock and poultry manure soil fertilizers are applied to each plant; in the later period of dormancy, irrigating once by using 0.5-1.0 mg/L ozone water 10-15 days before sprouting, and applying 250-300 mug/L ozone gas to the peach trees for 7 days continuously; step 2, temperature control and bud promotion: step 3, promoting flowering: step 4, promoting fruit setting, and step 5, managing fruits: when the young fruits enter a hard core period, controlling the temperature in the daytime to be 28-34 ℃ and the temperature at night to be 12-13 ℃, uniformly spraying a fruit promoting agent solution with the mass concentration of 80-120mg/L to the young fruits, pouring large water after the first spraying, and continuously spraying for 3 times, wherein the interval time of each time is 7-8 days; and the like. The method not only improves the yield of the peach fruit, but also improves the flavor quality of the peach fruit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of peach tree planting, and particularly relates to a greenhouse planting method for peach trees.
Background
Peach (Amygdalus persica L.): rosaceae, Prunus, is a small deciduous tree with fruit, flower can be viewed, fruit is juicy, can be eaten raw or made into preserved peach, can, etc., the fruit has white and yellow pulp, peach has various varieties, and the general pericarp has hair, and the pericarp of "nectarine" is smooth; the flat peach fruit is discoid; "Biluo" is a peach tree for viewing and admiring flowers, and has various forms of petals. However, as the peaches are not easy to store, people only can eat fresh peaches in the same season, but with the rapid development of greenhouse technology, the peaches can grow, blossom and bear fruits in any required season by simulating the changes of illumination, temperature, humidity and the like of the nature, so that people can eat fresh peaches at any time, however, the anti-season peaches grown by adopting the greenhouse technology have all indexes manually controlled, and a large amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticide is applied to improve the yield of the peaches, so compared with the season peaches grown by adopting the field technology, the fresh peaches are always slightly inferior in taste and flavor and lack of peach flavor known by most people; therefore, it is necessary to develop a greenhouse planting method for peach trees to improve sweetness and taste of peach fruits.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a greenhouse planting method for peach trees, which not only improves the yield of peach fruits, but also improves the flavor and quality of the peach fruits.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a greenhouse planting method for peach trees comprises the following steps:
step 1, applying livestock and poultry manure soil fertilizers in a hole application mode in a dormant period, wherein 1.5-3kg of livestock and poultry manure soil fertilizers are applied to each plant;
in the later period of dormancy, irrigating once by using 0.5-1.0 mg/L ozone water 10-15 days before sprouting, and applying 250-300 mug/L ozone gas to the peach trees for 7 days continuously;
step 2, temperature control and bud promotion: spraying a dormancy breaking agent solution, covering a shed and shading to ensure that the illumination time is 11-12 hours, and broadcasting a biological compound fertilizer, wherein the using amount of the biological compound fertilizer is 20-40 g per plant, the temperature is 15-18 ℃ in the daytime and 4-6 ℃ at night 8-17 days after covering the shed, the temperature is increased by 0.3-0.5 ℃ every day from the 18 th day to 27-30 ℃ in the daytime and 12-13 ℃ at night;
step 3, promoting flowering: when the temperature in the day reaches 27-29 ℃ and the temperature at night reaches 12-14 ℃, uniformly spraying a flower promoting agent solution on the peach trees, and watering with water;
and 4, promoting fruit setting: in the young fruit period, the illumination time is prolonged to 13-14 hours, the temperature in the daytime is controlled to be 28-31 ℃, the temperature at night is controlled to be 12-15 ℃, compound fertilizer is applied for 20-30 kg/mu, and small water is poured;
step 5, fruit management: when the young fruits enter a hard core period, controlling the temperature in the daytime to be 28-34 ℃ and the temperature at night to be 12-13 ℃, uniformly spraying a fruit promoting agent solution with the mass concentration of 80-120mg/L to the young fruits, pouring large water after the first spraying, and continuously spraying for 3 times, wherein the interval time of each time is 7-8 days; in the period, 150 mu g/L ozone gas is applied once every 3-5 days under the dark condition at night for 10-12 hours, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed within 2-4 hours after the application of the ozone is finished every time and is irradiated for 5-8 hours by adopting a blue light lamp;
step 6, picking fruits: and picking after the fruits are ripe.
Further, in the whole management process, branch pruning is also required, and the branch pruning comprises the following steps:
1) and a dormant period: building a framework on the peach tree, stabilizing the framework, shaping and pruning, adjusting the height of the peach tree to be less than 2.5 m, pruning the crown of the tree shape to be a near-vertical column shape with a small upper part and a big lower part, and performing branch pressing to ensure that each branch can obtain sufficient illumination;
2) and in the germination stage: controlling the length of each bearing branch to be 60-70cm, cutting off the grown part, cutting off branches growing vertically upwards and branches growing excessively on the bearing branches, controlling the fruiting amount on each branch to be 2-4, removing the surplus, and selecting 40 effective big leaves near each fruit to provide nutrition for the fruit.
Further, in the step 2, the biological compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 180 parts of straw, 100 parts of urea, 110 parts of diammonium phosphate, 150 parts of potassium chloride, 55 parts of zinc sulfate, 120 parts of ferric sulfate, 30 parts of sodium selenite and 30 parts of composite microbial inoculum, wherein the composite microbial inoculum is prepared from saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, aspergillus oryzae and pseudomonas according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.5: 0.5:0.3 in a mass ratio.
Further, in the step 3, the mass concentration of the flower promoter solution is 200-210 mg/L; the flower promoter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of copper sulfate; 10 parts of manganese sulfate; 10 parts of boric acid; 10 parts of zinc sulfate; 6 parts of sodium selenite and 7 parts of ammonium molybdate.
Further, the compound fertilizer in the step 4 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120 parts of ammonium sulfate; 100 parts of potassium chloride; 50 parts of monoammonium phosphate; 10 parts of phosphorus pentoxide.
Further, the mass concentration of the fruit promoting agent solution is 120-145 mg/L;
the fruit promoting agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of urea; 50 parts of potassium chloride; 8 parts of boric acid; 6 parts of zinc sulfate; 4 parts of sodium selenite; 1 part of sugar alcohol calcium and magnesium.
Further, in step 5, the preparation method of the foliar fertilizer solution comprises the following steps: decocting the cockroach decoction pieces with water for 2 times by small fire, mixing decoction liquids, cooling to normal temperature, and then adding water for dilution according to the mass ratio of the cockroach decoction pieces to the leaf fertilizer solution of 1:20 to obtain the cockroach medicament.
Furthermore, the cockroach decoction pieces are prepared from American cockroaches.
Furthermore, the weight ratio of the liquid to the cockroach decoction pieces is 1: 8-10; the decoction time is 30 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method, before peach trees sprout, the peach trees are irrigated by adopting ozone water and are applied with the ozone gas, so that the chlorophyll content in leaves of the peach trees after the peach trees sprout can be increased, the yield of the peach trees is increased, and the weight of single fruit is increased.
2. In the fruit management period, ozone gas is applied once at intervals of 3-5 days at night under the dark condition, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed within 2-4 hours after the ozone application is finished, so that the sugar content, sugar-acid ratio and content of characteristic aroma substances of the peach fruit are improved by the application of the ozone, the problem of peach fruit flavor reduction of the peach tree caused by greenhouse cultivation is solved, however, in the fruit management period, after the ozone is applied, the stomatal conductance of leaves and the photosynthetic rate are obviously reduced, the yield of the peach fruit is sharply reduced, but the foliar fertilizer is sprayed, so that the damage of the leaves is repaired, and the yield of the peach tree is improved.
Detailed Description
In the present invention, in the case of the present invention,
the dormancy breaking agent solution is obtained by diluting a dormancy breaking agent by adding 1500 times of water, wherein the mass fraction of cyanamide contained in the dormancy breaking agent is 50%, and the mass fraction of boron is 0.48%.
The biological compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 180 parts of straw, 100 parts of urea, 110 parts of diammonium phosphate, 150 parts of potassium chloride, 55 parts of zinc sulfate, 120 parts of ferric sulfate, 30 parts of sodium selenite and 30 parts of composite microbial inoculum, wherein the composite microbial inoculum is prepared from yeast, bacillus subtilis, aspergillus oryzae and pseudomonas according to the proportion of 1: 0.5: 0.5:0.3 in a mass ratio.
The flower promoter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of copper sulfate; 10 parts of manganese sulfate; 10 parts of boric acid; 10 parts of zinc sulfate; 6 parts of sodium selenite and 7 parts of ammonium molybdate;
the flower promoter solution is prepared by adding water to a flower promoter for dissolving and diluting until the mass concentration is 200-210 mg/L.
The compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120 parts of ammonium sulfate; 100 parts of potassium chloride; 50 parts of monoammonium phosphate; 10 parts of phosphorus pentoxide.
The fruit promoting agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of urea; 50 parts of potassium chloride; 8 parts of boric acid; 6 parts of zinc sulfate; 4 parts of sodium selenite; 1 part of sugar alcohol calcium and magnesium.
The fruit promoting agent solution is prepared by adding water into a fruit promoting agent for dissolving and diluting until the mass concentration is 120-145 mg/L.
The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer solution comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the foliar fertilizer solution comprises the following steps: decocting the cockroach decoction pieces with water for 2 times by small fire, mixing decoction liquids, cooling to normal temperature, and then adding water for dilution according to the mass ratio of the cockroach decoction pieces to the leaf fertilizer solution of 1:20 to obtain the cockroach medicament. Wherein the mass ratio of the liquid to the cockroach decoction pieces is 1: 8-10; the decoction time is 30 min.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
a greenhouse planting method for peach trees, taking honey peaches and new varieties of jades as examples, comprises the following steps:
step 1, applying livestock and poultry manure soil fertilizers in a hole application mode in a dormant period, wherein 2.2kg of livestock and poultry manure soil fertilizers are applied to each plant;
in the later period of dormancy, irrigating once by using 0.8mg/L ozone water 13 days before sprouting, and applying 280 microgram/L ozone gas to the peach trees for 7 days continuously;
step 2, temperature control and bud promotion: spraying a dormancy breaking agent solution, covering a greenhouse and shading to ensure that the illumination time is 12 hours, broadcasting a biological compound fertilizer, wherein the using amount of the biological compound fertilizer is 30g per plant, the temperature in the daytime is 17 ℃, the temperature at night is 5 ℃ 13 days after covering the greenhouse, the temperature is increased by 0.4 ℃ every day from the 18 th day to 28 ℃ in the daytime and 12 ℃ at night;
step 3, promoting flowering: when the temperature in the day reaches 28 ℃ and the temperature at night reaches 13 ℃, uniformly spraying a flower promoting agent solution on the peach trees, and watering with water;
and 4, promoting fruit setting: in the young fruit period, the illumination time is prolonged to 14 hours, the temperature in the day is controlled to be 30 ℃, the temperature at night is controlled to be 13 ℃, compound fertilizer is applied for 25 kg/mu, and small water is poured;
step 5, fruit management: when the young fruits enter a hard core period, controlling the temperature in the daytime to be 30 ℃ and the temperature at night to be 12 ℃, uniformly spraying a fruit promoting agent solution with the mass concentration of 100mg/L to the young fruits, pouring large water after the first spraying, and continuously spraying for 3 times, wherein the interval time of each time is 7 days; in the period, 180 mu g/L ozone gas is applied every 4 days under the dark condition at night for 11 hours, and leaf fertilizer is sprayed within 3 hours after the ozone application is finished every time, and a blue light lamp is adopted for irradiating for 5-8 hours;
step 6, picking fruits: and picking after the fruits are ripe.
In the whole management process, branch pruning is required, and the branch pruning comprises the following steps:
1) and a dormant period: building a framework on the peach tree, stabilizing the framework, shaping and pruning, adjusting the height of the peach tree to be less than 2.5 m, pruning the crown of the tree shape to be a near-vertical column shape with a small upper part and a big lower part, and performing branch pressing to ensure that each branch can obtain sufficient illumination;
2) and in the germination stage: controlling the length of each bearing branch to be 60-70cm, cutting off the grown part, cutting off branches growing vertically upwards and branches growing excessively on the bearing branches, controlling the fruiting amount on each branch to be 2-4, removing the surplus, and selecting 40 effective big leaves near each fruit to provide nutrition for the fruit.
Example 2:
a greenhouse planting method for peach trees, taking honey peaches as an example, comprises the following steps:
step 1, applying livestock and poultry manure soil fertilizers in a hole application mode in a dormant period, wherein 1.5kg of livestock and poultry manure soil fertilizers are applied to each plant;
in the later period of dormancy, irrigating once by using 0.5mg/L ozone water 10 days before sprouting, and applying 250 microgram/L ozone gas to the peach trees for 7 days continuously;
step 2, temperature control and bud promotion: spraying a dormancy breaking agent solution, covering a greenhouse and shading to ensure that the illumination time is 11 hours, broadcasting a biological compound fertilizer, wherein the using amount of the biological compound fertilizer is 20g per plant, the temperature in the daytime is 15 ℃, the temperature at night is 4 ℃ 8 days after covering the greenhouse, the temperature is increased by 0.3 ℃ every day from day 18 to day 27 ℃, and the temperature at night is 12 ℃;
step 3, promoting flowering: when the temperature reaches 27 ℃ in the day and 12 ℃ at night, uniformly spraying a flower promoting agent solution on the peach trees, and watering with water;
and 4, promoting fruit setting: in the young fruit period, the illumination time is prolonged to 13 hours, the temperature in the day is controlled to be 28 ℃, the temperature at night is controlled to be 12 ℃, compound fertilizer is applied for 20 kg/mu, and small water is poured;
step 5, fruit management: when the young fruits enter a hard core period, controlling the temperature in the daytime to be 28 ℃ and the temperature at night to be 12 ℃, uniformly spraying a fruit promoting agent solution with the mass concentration of 80mg/L to the young fruits, pouring large water after the first spraying, and continuously spraying for 3 times, wherein the interval time of each time is 7 days; in the period, 150 microgram/L ozone gas is applied every 3 days under the dark condition at night for 10 hours, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed within 2 hours after the ozone application is finished every time, and a blue light lamp is adopted for irradiating for 5 hours;
step 6, picking fruits: and picking after the fruits are ripe.
In the whole management process, branch pruning is required, and the branch pruning comprises the following steps:
1) and a dormant period: building a framework on the peach tree, stabilizing the framework, shaping and pruning, adjusting the height of the peach tree to be less than 2.5 m, pruning the crown of the tree shape to be a near-vertical column shape with a small upper part and a big lower part, and performing branch pressing to ensure that each branch can obtain sufficient illumination;
2) and in the germination stage: controlling the length of each bearing branch to be 60-70cm, cutting off the grown part, cutting off branches growing vertically upwards and branches growing excessively on the bearing branches, controlling the fruiting amount on each branch to be 2-4, removing the surplus, and selecting 40 effective big leaves near each fruit to provide nutrition for the fruit.
Example 3:
a greenhouse planting method for peach trees, taking honey peaches as an example, comprises the following steps:
step 1, applying livestock and poultry manure soil fertilizers in a hole application mode in a dormant period, wherein 3kg of livestock and poultry manure soil fertilizers are applied to each plant;
in the later period of dormancy, irrigating once by using 1.0mg/L ozone water 15 days before sprouting, and applying 300 mug/L ozone gas to the peach trees for 7 days continuously;
step 2, temperature control and bud promotion: spraying a dormancy breaking agent solution, covering a greenhouse and shading to ensure that the illumination time is 12 hours, broadcasting a biological compound fertilizer, wherein the using amount of the biological compound fertilizer is 40g per plant, the temperature in the daytime is 18 ℃, the temperature at night is 6 ℃ 17 days after covering the greenhouse, the temperature is increased by 0.5 ℃ every day from the 18 th day to 30 ℃ in the daytime and 13 ℃ at night;
step 3, promoting flowering: when the temperature in the day reaches 29 ℃ and the temperature at night reaches 14 ℃, uniformly spraying a flower promoting agent solution on the peach trees, and watering with water;
and 4, promoting fruit setting: in the young fruit period, the illumination time is prolonged to 14 hours, the temperature in the day is controlled to be 31 ℃, the temperature at night is controlled to be 15 ℃, compound fertilizer is applied for 30 kg/mu, and small water is poured;
step 5, fruit management: when young fruits enter a hard core period, controlling the temperature in the daytime to be 34 ℃ and the temperature at night to be 12-13 ℃, uniformly spraying a fruit promoting agent solution with the mass concentration of 120mg/L to the young fruits, pouring large water after the first spraying, and continuously spraying for 3 times, wherein the interval time of each time is 8 days; in the period, 200 mug/L ozone gas is applied every 5 days under the dark condition at night for 12 hours, and leaf fertilizer is sprayed within 4 hours after the ozone application is finished each time, and a blue light lamp is adopted for irradiating for 8 hours;
step 6, picking fruits: and picking after the fruits are ripe.
In the whole management process, branch pruning is required, and the branch pruning comprises the following steps:
1) and a dormant period: building a framework on the peach tree, stabilizing the framework, shaping and pruning, adjusting the height of the peach tree to be less than 2.5 m, pruning the crown of the tree shape to be a near-vertical column shape with a small upper part and a big lower part, and performing branch pressing to ensure that each branch can obtain sufficient illumination;
2) and in the germination stage: controlling the length of each bearing branch to be 60-70cm, cutting off the grown part, cutting off branches growing vertically upwards and branches growing excessively on the bearing branches, controlling the fruiting amount on each branch to be 2-4, removing the surplus, and selecting 40 effective big leaves near each fruit to provide nutrition for the fruit.
Comparative example 1
The same as in example 1, except that the ozone water was not poured in step 1.
Comparative example 2
The same as in example 1, except that no ozone gas was applied in step 1
Comparative example 3
The same as example 1, except that only the foliar fertilizer was sprayed in step 5, and no ozone gas was applied;
comparative example 4
The same as example 1, except that only ozone gas was applied in step 5, and no foliar fertilizer was sprayed after the application of ozone gas, nor was blue light irradiated;
comparative example 5
As in example 1, except that only ozone gas was applied in step 5, and no foliar fertilizer was sprayed after the application of ozone gas, only irradiation with blue light was employed;
comparative example 6
The only difference is that after ozone application in step 5, only liquid top dressing was applied and no blue light was used for irradiation, as in example 1.
Comparative example 7
Juicy peaches were planted in the field next to the greenhouse used in example 1.
Comparative example 8
The method is the same as the embodiment 1, adopts the traditional greenhouse cultivation method, does not adopt ozone irrigation, does not apply ozone, does not spray foliar fertilizer, does not adopt blue light irradiation, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a greenhouse planting method for peach trees, taking honey peaches and new varieties of jades as examples, comprises the following steps:
step 1, applying livestock and poultry manure soil fertilizers in a hole application mode in a dormant period, wherein 2.2kg of livestock and poultry manure soil fertilizers are applied to each plant;
step 2, temperature control and bud promotion: spraying a dormancy breaking agent solution, covering a greenhouse and shading to ensure that the illumination time is 12 hours, and broadcasting a biological compound fertilizer, wherein the using amount of the biological compound fertilizer is 30g per plant, the temperature in the daytime is 17 ℃, the temperature at night is 5 ℃, the temperature is increased by 0.4 ℃ every day on day to 28 ℃ in the daytime and 12 ℃ at night 13 days after covering the greenhouse;
step 3, promoting flowering: when the temperature in the day reaches 28 ℃ and the temperature at night reaches 13 ℃, uniformly spraying a flower promoting agent solution on the peach trees, and watering with water;
and 4, promoting fruit setting: in the young fruit period, the illumination time is prolonged to 14 hours, the temperature in the day is controlled to be 30 ℃, the temperature at night is controlled to be 13 ℃, compound fertilizer is applied for 25 kg/mu, and small water is poured;
step 5, fruit management: when the young fruits enter a hard core period, controlling the temperature in the daytime to be 30 ℃ and the temperature at night to be 12 ℃, uniformly spraying a fruit promoting agent solution with the mass concentration of 100mg/L to the young fruits, pouring large water after the first spraying, and continuously spraying for 3 times, wherein the interval time of each time is 7 days;
step 6, picking fruits: and picking after the fruits are ripe.
In the whole management process, branch pruning is required, and the branch pruning comprises the following steps:
1) and a dormant period: building a framework on the peach tree, stabilizing the framework, shaping and pruning, adjusting the height of the peach tree to be less than 2.5 m, pruning the crown of the tree shape to be a near-vertical column shape with a small upper part and a big lower part, and performing branch pressing to ensure that each branch can obtain sufficient illumination;
2) and in the germination stage: controlling the length of each bearing branch to be 60-70cm, cutting off the grown part, cutting off branches growing vertically upwards and branches growing excessively on the bearing branches, controlling the fruiting amount on each branch to be 2-4, removing the surplus, and selecting 40 effective big leaves near each fruit to provide nutrition for the fruit.
Effect example 1: influence of ozone on air hole conductivity of blade
In example 1, comparative example 4, comparative example 5 and comparative example 6 (in the test, the application time of ozone is from 8 pm to 7 am, which is the end of the next day, in 7 pm), 1 hour before the application of ozone in step 5 (7 pm), 1 hour after the application of ozone (8 am, which is the next day), 5 hours (13 pm) (except for comparative example 4, in which foliar fertilizer is not applied, foliar fertilizer is applied, all of the time), 8 hours (16 pm), 12 hours (20 pm), the change in the conductance of the pores of the leaves was tested, and the results of the test were determined for comparative example 3 and comparative example 8, in which only foliar fertilizer is applied without ozone, at the same time, respectively, and are shown in table 1;
the stomatal conductance is measured by a portable photosynthetic apparatus.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in the table, the application of ozone in the step 5 has great influence on the air hole conductivity of the blade, but after the foliar fertilizer disclosed by the invention is sprayed, the influence can be rapidly eliminated and the normal state can be recovered, and after the ozone is applied, the blue light irradiation has no recovery effect on the air hole conductivity of the blade caused by the ozone.
Effect example 2: effect of ozone on net photosynthetic Rate of leaves
In example 1, comparative example 4, comparative example 5, and comparative example 6 (the application time of ozone in each example was from 8 pm to 7 am, which is the end of 7 am, the following day), the day before the application of ozone in step 5 (first measurement), and the day 12 after the application of ozone (second measurement), the second day (third measurement), the net photosynthetic rate change of the leaves was measured at fixed time (12 pm), while the measurement was performed at the same time for comparative example 3 and comparative example 8, in which only foliar fertilizer was sprayed without ozone, respectively, and the results are shown in table 2;
the photosynthetic rate is measured by a portable photosynthetic apparatus.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the data in the table, the application of ozone in step 5 has a great influence on the net photosynthetic rate of the leaves, but after spraying the foliar fertilizer of the present invention, the influence can disappear rapidly and return to normal, even slightly increased, but the blue light irradiation can only increase the net photosynthetic rate of the leaves to one extent.
Effect example 3: effect of Pre-emergence ozone irrigation and ozone application on chlorophyll content of leaves
Before the end of sprouting and entering the flowering phase, the chlorophyll content in the mature leaves of example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 8 was measured, and the results are shown in table 3;
chlorophyll is measured by using a chlorophyll meter.
TABLE 3
| Example 1 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 8 | |
| Chlorophyll content mg/g | 2.12 | 1.55 | 1.47 | 1.32 | 1.11 |
As can be seen from the data in the table, the content of chlorophyll in the peach trees after germination can be increased by irrigating with ozone and applying the ozone gas before germination.
Effect example 4: effect of planting
At least 3 plots are selected for eliminating regional soil errors, tests are continuously carried out for 3 years for eliminating annual climate errors, and result processing is carried out to obtain an average value.
The peach fruits in each example and comparative example are evaluated for the acre yield, the single fruit weight, the soluble total sugar, the titratable acid, the sugar-acid ratio and the taste respectively, and the results are shown in tables 4 and 5;
soluble sugar: colorimetric determination of anthrone
Titratable acid: titration method of NaOH standard solution
And (3) fragrance substance determination: the Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) method is used for determining the components of the aromatic substances: taking 3 fruits at any time for each sample, taking 50g of pulp at different positions of the fruits respectively, quickly cutting the fruits into small pieces (the side length is less than 0.5cm) as small as possible, transferring the small pieces into a 100ml beaker, adding 2g of NaCl, uniformly mixing to fully extract volatile components, and sealing with aluminum foil. Inserting the aged 75Lm CAR/PDMS extraction head into the headspace of a sample bottle, adsorbing the top end of the extraction head at 45 ℃ for 40min by about 2cm away from the sample, taking out the adsorbed extraction head, inserting the extraction head into a gas chromatography sample inlet, desorbing at 250 ℃ for 3min, and simultaneously starting to acquire data GC-MS; analysis conditions were as follows: the assay was performed using a Finnigan Trace MS gas chromatograph-Mass spectrometer-computer combination. Chromatographic conditions are as follows: a chromatographic column: RET-5 (30 m.times.0.32 mm. times.0.25 um) type elastic quartz capillary column, column flow rate: 2.04 ml/min; column temperature: maintaining at 50 deg.C for 2min, heating to 250 deg.C at 5 deg.C/min, and maintaining for 5 min; carrier gas: high purity helium (99.999%); sample inlet temperature: 250 ℃; and (3) sample introduction mode: no shunt, sample inlet temperature 200 ℃. The initial temperature of the column temperature is 40 ℃, the column temperature is kept for 1min, the column temperature is increased to 120 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and the column temperature is increased to 250 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min and kept; the carrier gas was helium (99.999%) and the column flow was 1.27m L/min. Ion source temperature: 200 ℃; interface temperature: 250 ℃; an ionization mode: EI; electron energy: 70e V; full scan mode, scan range: 45-450U. Separating the measured aroma components by gas chromatography, forming respective chromatographic peaks of different aromas, analyzing and identifying by using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-computer combination instrument, performing NIST/WILEY library retrieval and data analysis on each aroma component, performing artificial spectrogram analysis by combining related documents, confirming each chemical component of the aroma substances, and calculating the relative content of each aroma component by an area normalization method.
TABLE 4
| Yield per mu kg | Average individual fruit weight g | Soluble total sugar% | Titratable acid% | Ratio of sugar to acid | |
| Example 1 | 3800 | 238 | 23.4 | 0.52 | 45 |
| Comparative example 1 | 3183 | 198 | 23.1 | 0.53 | 44 |
| Comparative example 2 | 3115 | 194 | 22.9 | 0.53 | 43 |
| Comparative example 3 | 2900 | 181 | 15.6 | 0.55 | 28 |
| Comparative example 4 | 1800 | 111 | 19.3 | 0.57 | 33 |
| Comparative example 5 | 2271 | 141 | 19.4 | 0.56 | 35 |
| Comparative example 6 | 2955 | 183 | 23.7 | 0.53 | 45 |
| Comparative example 7 | 2800 | 173 | 20.5 | 0.47 | 44 |
| Comparative example 8 | 2761 | 176 | 16.5 | 0.61 | 27 |
TABLE 5
As can be seen from data in the table, 1) ozone water is adopted and ozone gas is applied before germination, the output of peach fruits is obviously improved, the output of peach fruits is obviously reduced by applying ozone in a fruit management period, but the problem of reduction of the output of peach fruits caused by applying ozone is solved by spraying the foliar fertilizer, but the effect of only spraying the foliar fertilizer on the output of peach fruits is not obvious by applying ozone, so that the problem of reduction of the output of peach fruits caused by applying ozone can be solved by spraying the foliar fertilizer;
2) in the fruit management period, the taste quality of peaches is remarkably improved by applying ozone gas from the change of the sugar content, the sugar-acid ratio and the contents of alcohol substances, aldehyde substances and ester substances in flavor substances of the peaches and the change of the contents of linalool and gamma-decalactone which represent the characteristic flavor substances of the peaches; the application of ozone directly reduces the yield of peach trees, but after the ozone is applied, the yield can be recovered and improved by spraying the foliar fertilizer.
The embodiments described above are only preferred embodiments of the invention and are not exhaustive of the possible implementations of the invention. Any obvious modifications to the above would be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art, but would not bring the invention so modified beyond the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The greenhouse planting method of the peach trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, applying livestock and poultry manure soil fertilizers in a hole application mode in a dormant period, wherein 1.5-3kg of livestock and poultry manure soil fertilizers are applied to each plant;
in the later period of dormancy, irrigating once by using 0.5-1.0 mg/L ozone water 10-15 days before sprouting, and applying 250-300 mug/L ozone gas to the peach trees for 7 days continuously;
step 2, temperature control and bud promotion: spraying a dormancy breaking agent solution, covering a shed and shading to ensure that the illumination time is 11-12 hours, and broadcasting a biological compound fertilizer, wherein the using amount of the biological compound fertilizer is 20-40 g per plant, the temperature is 15-18 ℃ in the daytime and 4-6 ℃ at night 8-17 days after covering the shed, the temperature is increased by 0.3-0.5 ℃ every day from the 18 th day to 27-30 ℃ in the daytime and 12-13 ℃ at night;
step 3, promoting flowering: when the temperature in the day reaches 27-29 ℃ and the temperature at night reaches 12-14 ℃, uniformly spraying a flower promoting agent solution on the peach trees, and watering with water;
and 4, promoting fruit setting: in the young fruit period, the illumination time is prolonged to 13-14 hours, the temperature in the daytime is controlled to be 28-31 ℃, the temperature at night is controlled to be 12-15 ℃, compound fertilizer is applied for 20-30 kg/mu, and small water is poured;
step 5, fruit management: when the young fruits enter a hard core period, controlling the temperature in the daytime to be 28-34 ℃ and the temperature at night to be 12-13 ℃, uniformly spraying a fruit promoting agent solution with the mass concentration of 80-120mg/L to the young fruits, pouring large water after the first spraying, and continuously spraying for 3 times, wherein the interval time of each time is 7-8 days; in the period, 150 mu g/L ozone gas is applied once every 3-5 days under the dark condition at night for 10-12 hours, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed within 2-4 hours after the application of the ozone is finished every time and is irradiated for 5-8 hours by adopting a blue light lamp;
step 6, picking fruits: and picking after the fruits are ripe.
2. The greenhouse planting method for peach trees according to claim 1, wherein during the whole management process, branch pruning is required, and the branch pruning comprises the following steps:
1) and a dormant period: building a framework on the peach tree, stabilizing the framework, shaping and pruning, adjusting the height of the peach tree to be less than 2.5 m, pruning the crown of the tree shape to be a near-vertical column shape with a small upper part and a big lower part, and performing branch pressing to ensure that each branch can obtain sufficient illumination;
2) and in the germination stage: controlling the length of each bearing branch to be 60-70cm, cutting off the grown part, cutting off branches growing vertically upwards and branches growing excessively on the bearing branches, controlling the fruiting amount on each branch to be 2-4, removing the surplus, and selecting 40 effective big leaves near each fruit to provide nutrition for the fruit.
3. The greenhouse planting method for the peach trees according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the biological compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 180 parts of straw, 100 parts of urea, 110 parts of diammonium phosphate, 150 parts of potassium chloride, 55 parts of zinc sulfate, 120 parts of ferric sulfate, 30 parts of sodium selenite and 30 parts of composite microbial inoculum, wherein the composite microbial inoculum is prepared from saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, aspergillus oryzae and pseudomonas according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.5: 0.5:0.3 in a mass ratio.
4. The greenhouse planting method of peach trees according to claim 1, wherein the greenhouse planting method comprises the steps of,
in the step 3, the mass concentration of the flower promoter solution is 200-210 mg/L; the flower promoter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of copper sulfate; 10 parts of manganese sulfate; 10 parts of boric acid; 10 parts of zinc sulfate; 6 parts of sodium selenite and 7 parts of ammonium molybdate.
5. The greenhouse planting method of peach trees according to claim 1, wherein the greenhouse planting method comprises the steps of,
the compound fertilizer in the step 4 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120 parts of ammonium sulfate; 100 parts of potassium chloride; 50 parts of monoammonium phosphate; 10 parts of phosphorus pentoxide.
6. The greenhouse planting method of peach trees according to claim 1, wherein the greenhouse planting method comprises the steps of,
the mass concentration of the fruit promoting agent solution is 120-145 mg/L;
the fruit promoting agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of urea; 50 parts of potassium chloride; 8 parts of boric acid; 6 parts of zinc sulfate; 4 parts of sodium selenite; 1 part of sugar alcohol calcium and magnesium.
7. The greenhouse planting method of peach trees according to claim 1, wherein the greenhouse planting method comprises the steps of,
in step 5, the preparation method of the foliar fertilizer solution comprises the following steps: decocting the cockroach decoction pieces with water for 2 times by small fire, mixing decoction liquids, cooling to normal temperature, and then adding water for dilution according to the mass ratio of the cockroach decoction pieces to the leaf fertilizer solution of 1:20 to obtain the cockroach medicament.
8. The greenhouse planting method for peach trees according to claim 7, wherein the weight ratio of the liquid to the cockroach decoction pieces is 1: 8-10; the decoction time is 30 min.
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