CN113467063A

CN113467063A - Integrated liquid filling spectral filtering condenser, system and light energy regulation and control method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113467063A
Application number: CN202110754008.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 巨星; 赵爽; 曲椿煜; 徐超; 杜小泽
Original assignee: North China Electric Power University
Current assignee: North China Electric Power University
Priority date: 2021-07-04
Filing date: 2021-07-04
Publication date: 2021-10-01
Anticipated expiration: 2041-07-04
Also published as: CN113467063B

Abstract

The integrated liquid filling spectral filtering condenser comprises an incident side cover plate, a liquid filling cavity, an emergent side cover plate and a seal between the incident side cover plate and the emergent side cover plate; the incident side cover plate and the emergent side cover plate form a cavity with a certain shape through sealing, and the cavity is filled with semitransparent liquid which has absorption characteristics on radiation outside a response spectrum interval of the photovoltaic cell to form a liquid filling cavity; the solid part and the liquid part are jointly subjected to spectral absorption and light condensation shape design, so that an integrated optical device integrating a spectral absorption function, a light condensation function and a liquid heat absorption function is formed. The invention realizes the effect of dynamically regulating and controlling the light concentration ratio or the spectrum absorption range by using the integrated light filtering and condensing device with the light concentration function and constructed by the absorption liquid filling layer; the design complexity of the spectrum splitting type photovoltaic/thermal system is reduced, and the cost is reduced.

Description

Integrated liquid filling spectral filtering condenser, system and light energy regulation and control method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization, in particular to an integrated liquid filling spectral filtering condenser and a light energy regulating method thereof.

Background

In renewable energy utilization technology, solar energy is particularly advantageous due to its huge reserves and wide adaptability in different national regions. The utilization process of solar energy still faces a lot of technical barriers, on one hand, in view of the fact that solar energy density is small, a solar energy conversion system is often combined with a light condensation system, irradiation energy flux density of a receiving surface is improved, system energy efficiency can be improved and system cost can be reduced within a certain range, and the system comprises a light condensation photovoltaic system, a light condensation photo-thermal system and the like. On the other hand, solar energy has the characteristic of low conversion efficiency, and the energy in the whole solar spectrum region cannot be utilized by adopting a conventional photovoltaic conversion method, so that the full-spectrum utilization technology of solar energy is increasingly concerned. In the full spectrum utilization technology, photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) frequency division composite utilization starts from solar band response and grade coupling, and solar radiation in different spectral intervals and grades is respectively converted through a photovoltaic system and a photo-thermal system. Based on the concentrating photovoltaic/thermal frequency division composite method, the spectrum frequency band which cannot be converted into electric energy is intercepted before reaching the surface of the battery, and the intercepted frequency band is applied to thermal utilization, and the theoretical utilization rate can reach 80%. Meanwhile, the technology can reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic side so as to improve the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell, and the absorbed heat can be used for heating, seawater desalination and the like, thereby being beneficial to reducing the utilization cost of solar energy and utilizing the solar energy resources more systematically and efficiently.

On the basis of different principles, the solar energy spectral absorption utilization method can be divided into a multilayer dielectric film spectral separation method, a liquid absorption filtering method, a holographic spectral method, a fluorescence method and the like. In contrast, the liquid absorption and filtering technology has the dual functions of absorbing heat and enhancing flowing heat exchange in a solar volumetric manner, so that the operating temperature of the photo-thermal system is not limited by the photovoltaic cell any more, and the photo-thermal system can be used for industrial and thermochemical processes after reaching a higher temperature, and even for power generation circulation. Meanwhile, different from a solid material light splitting method, liquid light splitting can dynamically change the optical performance of the liquid light splitting method along with time, and the liquid light splitting method has the potential of realizing a large-scale frequency division solar energy utilization system. Therefore, liquid spectroscopy techniques and devices are particularly important for fractional photovoltaic/thermal recombination systems that utilize full spectrum.

For liquid concentrators that are not imaging optics, concentration and tracking of solar energy can be achieved, but spectra cannot be separated. The current modes are as follows: 1) chinese patent No. CN104331092A discloses a liquid solar tracking condenser. The patent forms a liquid drop lens with an adjustable shape based on electrowetting liquid drops, and realizes the condensation and tracking of solar energy; 2) US patent No. US4052228 discloses a light concentrating and cooling system for photovoltaic cells based on a liquid lens to concentrate light and cool a photovoltaic cell immersed in a liquid, the concentrator also not having a spectral separation function.

Other prior art also includes several examples of liquid concentrators with non-imaging optics, and the following is not a complete list of relevant art. Chinese patent publication No. CN101169489 discloses a liquid filled lens and a solar light collecting system, wherein a convex lens shell is filled with water and the like to reduce the cost of lens materials. Chinese patent publication No. CN86203164U discloses a liquid lens solar concentrator.

For liquid spectral filters that are not imaging optics, current liquid filter devices do not concentrate solar radiation. The current implementation modes are as follows: 1) U.S. Pat. No. US4888063A discloses a spatial solar energy collection device based on liquid filtering, light rays are incident into a transparent heat collection circular tube through which absorption fluid passes, partial energy in the solar spectrum is taken away, and irradiation passing through the heat collection circular tube is converted by a photovoltaic cell; 2) the loser R, Vivar M, Evaett V. Spectral characteristics and long-term performance analysis of the vacuum commercial Heat Transfer (HTF) as direct-absorption filters for CPV-T beam-splitting applications, application Energy, 2014(113), 1496-1511 patent, in which the light-splitting device is also free of light-focusing effect, is described.

Other prior art also includes several examples of liquid filters with respect to non-imaging optics, and the following is not a complete list of related art. International patent No. WO 2010/129220 a2 discloses a non-imaging concentrator that passes light through two materials of different refractive index to separate the spectra.

For a liquid lens of an imaging optical device, due to functional requirements of the imaging optical device, the prior art example realizes a zooming function, but due to different technical fields, the combination of two functions of light condensation and frequency division is not considered. The current implementation modes are as follows: 1) chinese patent publication No.: CN208044108U discloses a liquid lens of zooming based on fresnel lens, including fresnel lens's lens, a surface of lens has a plurality of annular recesses, it has two layers of liquid to fill along the mirror surface direction of lens in the recess, one of them is the polarity liquid layer, another layer is the non-polarity liquid layer, the curvature of two kinds of liquid contact surface can be changed to the polarity liquid layer under the electric field effect, the opening of recess is equipped with the apron that the printing opacity material was made, the apron links to each other with the lens, be equipped with transparent electrode on the apron and/or the lens. 2) CN207946593U discloses a micro dual-liquid lens device, which includes a housing, a first electrode, and a second electrode, wherein the bottom of the housing is provided with a bottom cover plate, the top of the housing is provided with a top cover plate, the upper part of the bottom cover plate is provided with the first electrode and the second electrode, the upper parts of the first electrode and the second electrode are respectively coated with a super-hydrophobic coating, the upper part of the super-hydrophobic coating is filled with a conductive salt solution, the outer side of the conductive salt solution is filled with insulating oil, and the outer wall of the housing is provided with an assembly thread; the designs are all combined by considering spectral frequency division absorption and light condensation, and structurally, the purpose of zooming is achieved through the change of the form of single-layer or multi-layer filling liquid, and light condensation or focal length change is not achieved through the change of refractive indexes of different liquids.

Other prior art also includes several examples of imaging optics related liquid lenses or illumination system lenses, and the following is not a complete list of related art. Such as: CN101661121A, CN111965742A, CN111830611A, CN211718555U, CN111751911A, CN111766701A, CN111352230A, CN111212726A, CN111077601A, CN110927837A, CN209946515U, CN105390066A, CN104035149A, CN111352178A, etc. The technical schemes of the variable-focus lenses also comprise liquid lens components, but the liquid lens components are all used for realizing the zoom function by changing the shape of the liquid body through electro-wetting, temperature and the like without considering the combination of spectrum frequency division absorption and light condensation through the liquid lens, and the liquid absorption type spectrum filtering and light condensation function cannot be provided for the solar frequency division light condensation system.

Therefore, the combination of the spectrum frequency division and the light condensation function is realized based on liquid filling or a single liquid lens device, no similar device example exists at present, and the light condensation and frequency division integrated optical device has very important significance in the popularization and application aspects of the photovoltaic and photo-thermal comprehensive utilization system in view of cost and configuration flexibility.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering condenser, which is an optical device integrating solar liquid absorption spectral filtering and condensing functions. The conventional structure that the optical filter and the condenser are required to be arranged in the conventional concentration and frequency division photovoltaic/thermal system is changed, the complexity of the design of the photovoltaic/thermal system is reduced, and the production, manufacturing and installation cost is reduced.

The invention aims to simultaneously realize the functions of absorbing, filtering and condensing solar radiation by filling liquid by using a single optical device. The specific technical scheme is as follows:

the integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering condenser comprises an incident side cover plate, a liquid filling cavity, an emergent side cover plate and a sealing ring between the incident side cover plate and the emergent side cover plate. The incident side cover plate and the emergent side cover plate are both made of transparent solid materials; the liquid filling cavity is designed into one or more cavities, and the cavities are filled with the same semitransparent liquid or multiple semitransparent liquids with different refractive indexes and better absorption characteristics for radiation outside the response spectrum interval of the photovoltaic cell to form the liquid filling cavity.

The integrated liquid filling spectral filtering condenser disclosed by the invention can be divided into two types of linear condensation and point condensation according to a condensation mode. The linear condenser can be in a rectangular strip structure with an arched section, the design structure of the liquid filling cavity is in a symmetrical mode by taking the middle position of the liquid filling cavity as an axis, and the linear condenser can collect light from the light source onto a linear target area. The point condenser can be in a flat cylinder shape, a rotational symmetric structure with an arched section and the like, the center of the liquid filling cavity is used as the center, other liquid filling cavities are sequentially arranged along the radius direction and are in a concentric circular structure, and the point condenser can collect light from a light source to a point-shaped target area. Based on the structure, the solid part and the liquid part are jointly subjected to spectrum absorption and light condensation design, and an integrated optical device integrating a spectrum absorption function, a light condensation function and a liquid heat absorption function is formed. A plurality of liquid filling cavities can be reserved between the incident side cover plate and the emergent side cover plate, when the light is converged linearly, the filling cavities are arranged side by side, when the light is converged in a point mode, the filling cavities are arranged in a concentric ring shape, and semitransparent liquid with different optical properties is filled in each cavity of the liquid filling cavities; a single liquid filling cavity can be arranged between the incident side cover plate and the emergent side cover plate, and the same semitransparent liquid is filled in the cavity.

The integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering condenser provided by the invention regulates and controls the spectral range, namely the filtering process is realized by selective absorption of filling liquid to the spectrum. According to the type and quantity of the filling liquid, the liquid filling type condenser regulates and controls the direction of a spectrum, namely, the condensing process can be realized by the following two design principles. The principle is that the condensation function is realized by adjusting the refractive index of filling liquid in each liquid filling cavity, when the liquid filling cavities are designed into a plurality of independent cavities, the liquid is selectively absorbed by the spectrum with different refractive indexes filled in each liquid filling cavity, and the filling liquid with different refractive indexes enables light rays to be deflected in different degrees, so that the main light ray direction regulation and control effect is realized; the second principle is to adjust the condenser structure to realize the condensing function, when the liquid filling cavity is filled with single spectrum selective absorption liquid, the structural design of the condenser, namely the inclination degree of the light on the interface, plays a main role in regulating and controlling the light direction. The inventive device can be implemented on the basis of one or a combination of the two design principles described above.

In addition, the invention also discloses an optical device, a photovoltaic and photothermal comprehensive utilization system, a tracking and light-gathering system and a light energy regulation and control method.

The invention discloses an optical device which comprises the integrated liquid filling spectral filtering condenser structure.

The invention discloses a photovoltaic photo-thermal comprehensive utilization system which comprises the structure of the optical device.

The invention discloses a tracking and condensing system which comprises the structure of the optical device and is used for tracking the sun in a single-axis and double-axis mode.

The invention discloses a light energy regulation and control method, which comprises the steps of adopting the optical device to realize the light energy regulation and control method, wherein the realization of the light energy regulation and control method depends on the selection of the spectrum selective absorption liquid, the selection of the inclined angle of the upper surface of a liquid filling cavity and the design of the liquid thickness in the light propagation direction; the selection of the spectrum selective absorption liquid and the design of the liquid thickness in the light transmission direction can realize the regulation and control of the liquid light energy absorption in a specific spectrum range and the regulation and control of the wavelength range reaching the surface spectrum of the photovoltaic cell; the direction of light rays reaching the surface of the photovoltaic cell can be regulated and controlled by selecting the inclined structure of the upper surface of the liquid filling cavity and the refractive index of the liquid; the light rays vertically irradiate the incident side cover plate, are refracted on the upper surface of the liquid filling cavity with the inclination angle theta, are transmitted through the filling liquid and the emergent side cover plate, and are finally projected onto the surface of the photovoltaic cell.

The invention has prominent substantive characteristics and remarkable progress that:

(1) the integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering condenser provided by the invention is a multifunctional optical device capable of simultaneously realizing spectral frequency division and light condensation functions, and the functions of flexibly adjusting distribution, light condensation ratio and energy flow distribution of a solar spectrum energy absorption part and a solar spectrum transmission part are achieved by adjusting the design angle of the optical device and the type of the filled liquid. Solar radiation vertically irradiates the surface of the liquid filling type condensation frequency division device, and the light ray transmission direction reaches the interface between the transparent cover plate and the filling liquid through the upper transparent cover plate without deflection. The different chambers are filled with semitransparent liquid, light follows the law of refraction at the interface of different materials, and the propagation path is deflected, so that the function of converging solar radiation can be realized. And the filling liquid has stronger absorption capacity to the spectral energy which cannot be responded by the photovoltaic cell, so that the band energy which is not beneficial to the work of the photovoltaic cell can be filtered, and the heat energy can be used in the heat utilization processes of heating, seawater desalination and the like. Energy matched with the corresponding wave band of the photovoltaic cell is transmitted to the surface of the cell, so that the conversion of electric energy is completed, and the purpose of spectrum frequency division utilization is realized. Therefore, based on the structure of the frequency-division condenser provided by the invention, the adjustment and control of the absorption range of the solar radiation spectrum in the device, namely the adjustment and control of the spectrum range of the light beam which is transmitted through the device, can be realized by selecting the type of the spectrum absorption liquid filled in the frequency-division condenser and considering the thickness and the spectrum absorption characteristic of the filling liquid in the light ray direction. The regulation and control of the direction of the light beam transmitted through the device can be realized through the form adjustment of the filling liquid and the transparent solid material of the liquid outer chamber and the selection of the refractive index characteristic of the filling liquid, so that the regulation and control of the light condensing ratio or energy flow distribution of the transmitted condensing light spots are realized.

(2) The integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering condenser provided by the invention is used for absorbing and converting light energy which is not suitable for photovoltaic conversion in a solar spectrum into heat energy, the light energy is taken away and utilized through spectral absorption liquid, the light energy which is suitable for photovoltaic conversion in the solar spectrum is projected to a photovoltaic cell and converted into electric energy, the full utilization of the full solar spectrum is realized, the total irradiation on the surface of the photovoltaic cell is reduced, the temperature of the photovoltaic cell is reduced, and the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is improved.

(3) The filling cavity and the filling liquid structure provided by the invention are convenient for dynamically regulating and controlling the light concentration ratio or the spectrum absorption range according to the actual requirements of each component of the photovoltaic photo-thermal system in operation in the operation process of the photovoltaic photo-thermal comprehensive utilization system. In the operation process, the semitransparent liquid in the liquid filling cavity is partially or completely replaced along with the flow, for example, the water-based nano fluid is replaced into the oil-based nano fluid along with the flow, so that the effect of dynamically regulating and controlling the light condensation ratio or the spectrum absorption range can be realized, and the operation process is simple and convenient.

(4) The integrated liquid filling spectrum filtering condenser integrates the frequency division filtering equipment and the condensing equipment, changes the conventional structure that the filter and the condenser are required to be respectively arranged in the conventional condensing frequency division photovoltaic/thermal system, and is beneficial to reducing the design complexity of the photovoltaic/thermal system and reducing the production, manufacturing and installation cost.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 illustrates the spectral energy reception of different components of an integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering concentrator in accordance with the present invention;

fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a specific structure of a novel integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering light concentrator, fig. 2a is a cross-sectional view of a light concentrator based on a first principle of light direction regulation, and fig. 2b is a cross-sectional view of a light concentrator based on a second principle of light direction regulation.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a liquid-filled linear condenser with spectral filtering according to the present disclosure, fig. 3a is a perspective view of a condenser based on a first principle of light direction adjustment, and fig. 3b is a perspective view of a condenser based on a second principle of light direction adjustment.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a liquid-filled point concentrator with spectral filtering as disclosed herein.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the design principle of the inclination angle θ of the upper surface of the liquid filling cavity of the integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering light collector according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the structure of an exemplary linear concentrator for photovoltaic/thermal hybrid utilization, in accordance with the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a diagram of another example point concentrator configuration for photovoltaic/thermal hybrid utilization as disclosed herein;

FIG. 8 is a comparison of spectral distributions of a light source and an acceptance surface obtained in example 1 according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an integral liquid-filled spectral filtering concentrator according to the present disclosure in example 2 (incident-side cover plate as the filtering device);

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an integral liquid-filled spectral filter concentrator in accordance with the present disclosure in example 3 (incident-side cover plate as Fresnel linear concentrator device), FIG. 10a is a cross-sectional view of the concentrator, and FIG. 10b is a perspective schematic diagram of the concentrator;

reference numerals:

10-photovoltaic cell

20-filling liquid

1-liquid filling the filling liquid (heat conducting oil-based nanofluid) in the liquid filling chamber 1

2-liquid filling the filling liquid (oleylamine-based nanofluid) in the liquid-filled chamber 2

3-liquid filling liquid (propylene glycol based nanofluid) in the liquid filling chamber 3

4-liquid filling the filling liquid (glycol-based nanofluid) in the liquid filling chamber 4

5-liquid filling the filling liquid (water-based nanofluid) in the liquid filling chamber 5

30-incident light

1301-incident side cover plate of light-gathering filter

1302-light gathering filter seal ring

1303-light-gathering filter exit side cover plate

1311-incident-side cover plate of light-collecting Filter with spectrally Selective absorption function (example 2)

1313-light concentrating filter exit side cover plate with spectrally selective absorption function (example 2)

1321-light-concentrating filter incident-side cover plate having light-concentrating function (example 3).

Detailed Description

The present invention provides a novel integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering concentrator, which is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

The solar energy spectral irradiance spans from about 0.2 to 4 μm. Sunlight irradiates the surface of the photovoltaic cell, and electrons in the photovoltaic cell absorb solar photon energy with photon energy higher than p-n junction band gap energy based on the photovoltaic effect, so that the electrons in the photovoltaic cell are transited from a ground state to an excited state (conduction band), and the electrons in the part can be used by the solar cell to generate electricity. For example, the forbidden band width of a monocrystalline silicon solar cell is 1.1eV, only sunlight in the wavelength range of 0.38-1.1 μm can be generally used by the silicon solar cell for generating electricity, photons with the wavelength of more than 1.1um cannot be excited in the silicon solar cell to generate electrons, and the radiation irradiates the surface of the cell to increase the temperature of the cell, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is reduced. For a common silicon cell, the output electric power is reduced by about 0.35% to 0.45% for every 1 ℃ increase in the cell temperature. The physical quantity that more macroscopically characterizes the spectral characteristics of a solar cell is the absolute spectral responsivity, defined as the ratio of the photo-generated short-circuit current density to the incident light irradiance density produced when the solar cell receives illumination of a specific wavelength:

the response intervals of solar cells made of different materials to spectra are generally different, the spectral wavelength range of response of the monocrystalline silicon solar cell is 0.38-1.1 mu m, and the selenium photocell can only convert spectral energy in the wavelength range of 0.38-0.75 mu m into electric energy.

It has also been found in current research that certain types of liquids can achieve selective absorption in specific regions of the spectrum. The invention lists filling liquid suitable for silicon photovoltaic cells, such as heat conducting oil containing silver-indium tin oxide nano-particles, oleyl amine, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, water-based nano-fluid and the like. Taking the ethylene glycol nanofluid containing the silver-indium tin oxide nanoparticles as an example, the ethylene glycol nanofluid has strong absorptivity in ultraviolet and infrared regions, and has high transmissivity in a visible light part, so that most of infrared radiation is absorbed by the nanofluid when light passes through the nanofluid liquid layer, and the visible light part can penetrate through the nanofluid layer, thereby realizing the spectrum filtering effect. The adjustment of the optical performance of the liquid can ensure that the liquid selectively absorbs the photon energy in the wavelength range which cannot be responded by the cell, thereby avoiding the overhigh temperature of the surface of the cell. However, the conventional liquid frequency-division filter device only considers the frequency-division utilization of solar energy, and a light-gathering device is not directly introduced into the frequency-division filter device, and the structure of the liquid frequency-division filter device is the combination of a light-gathering device and a liquid absorption frequency-division filter. In this form of separate arrangement of the optical filter and the concentrator, the device manufacturing cost increases, and also introduces greater complexity to the design of the photovoltaic photo-thermal system.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the spectral energy acceptance of various components of an integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering concentrator in accordance with the present invention. The wavelength range suitable for power generation and thermal applications is approximately in the range of 0.28-2.5 μm in solar spectrum irradiation energy. Referring to fig. 1, a full spectrum band of solar radiation 30 is shown directly incident on the top surface of the incident-side cover plate 1301 of the proposed optical device. By combining the spectral response characteristic of the photovoltaic cell adopted in the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal comprehensive utilization system, taking silicon photovoltaic cell power generation as an example, the solar radiation with the spectral range of 0.7-1.1 μm, which is most suitable for the conversion of the silicon photovoltaic cell 10, in the spectral interval is collected and projected on the surface of the silicon photovoltaic cell with a small area to be converted into electric energy. The rest photon energy which is less than 0.7 μm and more than 1.1 μm and can not be converted into electric energy is absorbed by the

liquid

1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 which is filled in the liquid filling cavity and selectively absorbs the spectrum to generate heat which can be used for various solar heat utilization processes. The structure of the optical device realizes the integration of solar liquid absorption type spectrum filtering and light condensation. The conventional structure that the optical filter and the condenser are required to be arranged in the conventional concentration and frequency division photovoltaic/thermal system is changed, the complexity of the design of the photovoltaic/thermal system is reduced, and the production, manufacturing and installation cost is reduced.

Fig. 2a, 2b and 3 show a cross-sectional view and a perspective view of a novel liquid linear filled concentrator with spectral filtering, which comprises an incident side cover plate 1301, a liquid filled cavity, an exit side cover plate 1303 and a sealing ring 1302. The incident side cover plate 1301 and the emergent side cover plate 1303 are made of transparent materials, a zigzag liquid filling cavity is reserved between the incident side cover plate 1301 and the emergent side cover plate 1303, the liquid filling cavity is a liquid filling cavity with a plurality of cavities, and sealing rings 1302 formed by sealing filling materials are arranged at two ends of the liquid filling cavity to prevent filling

liquids

1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in the liquid filling cavity from leaking. The translucent solid materials of the incident side cover plate 1301 and the emergent side cover plate 1303 may be plastics, organic glass, quartz glass, semiconductor materials, oxide materials without obvious absorption characteristics to the spectrum, or may be translucent solid materials containing substances such as nanoparticles, coloring agents, etc. with absorption performance to a specific region of the spectrum. In the second case, the semi-transparent solid material having the absorption performance for the specific spectral region additionally takes the filtering effect of the solid material into consideration, so that the spectrum projected onto the surface of the battery is more matched with the response spectral range of the battery, the working temperature of the battery can be reduced, and the service life of the photovoltaic battery can be prolonged.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a liquid-filled linear concentrator with spectral filtering as disclosed herein. When the liquid-filled condenser is a linear condenser, the overall shape of the liquid-filled condenser can be a long strip, a zigzag liquid filling cavity is left between the incident side cover plate 1301 and the emergent side cover plate 1303, and

semitransparent filling liquids

1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 with different optical properties are filled in each cavity of the liquid filling cavity. The liquid filling cavity at the most middle position is taken as an axis, and the design structure of the liquid filling cavity is in a symmetrical mode. The linear condenser may condense light from the light source onto a linear target area.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a liquid-filled point concentrator with spectral filtering as disclosed herein. When the liquid-filled condenser is a point condenser, the whole shape of the liquid-filled condenser can be a flat cylinder, a plurality of zigzag liquid filling cavities are reserved between the incident side cover plate 1301 and the emergent side cover plate 1303, semitransparent filling liquids with different optical properties are filled in each cavity of the liquid filling cavities, the liquid filling cavity at the position of the center of the circle at the middle is taken as the center, and other liquid filling cavities are sequentially arranged along the radius direction and are of a concentric ring-shaped structure. The point condenser may condense light from the light source onto a target area in the shape of a point.

In the integrated liquid filling spectral filtering condenser structure provided by the invention, the spectral absorption characteristics of the filling liquid in all the liquid filling cavities meet the following conditions, so that the spectral band energy which is not suitable for the operation of the photovoltaic cell can be absorbed, and meanwhile, the response spectral interval of the photovoltaic cell is transmitted as much as possible. Based on the first principle and the second principle in the light direction regulation and control in the technical scheme, the refractive index of the filling liquid to the light or the inclination angle theta of the upper surface of the liquid filling cavity should be different, so that the light can be refracted to different degrees, and the purpose of converging the light is achieved.

The solar radiation vertically enters the surface of the liquid-filled concentrator, reaches the interface between the incident side cover plate 1301 and the filling

liquid

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in the liquid filling cavity through the upper transparent incident side cover plate 1301, wherein the different cavities of the liquid filling cavity are filled with

semitransparent filling liquid

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 with obviously different refractive indexes, the light follows the law of refraction at the interface of different materials, the propagation path is deflected, and the function of converging the solar radiation can be realized. And the filling

liquids

1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 have stronger absorption capacity for spectrum energy which cannot be responded by the photovoltaic cell, such as ultraviolet and infrared parts, so that wave band energy which is not beneficial to the work of the photovoltaic cell can be filtered, and the heat energy can be used in heat utilization processes such as heating, seawater desalination and the like. The energy matched with the corresponding wave band of the photovoltaic cell reaches the surface of the cell, the conversion of electric energy is completed, and the purpose of spectrum frequency division utilization is achieved.

According to the current research, taking a silicon cell as an example, the single crystal silicon cell can respond to spectral energy in the range of 0.38-1.1 μm, and examples of the spectrum selective absorption liquid suitable for filling a light-gathering frequency-division PV/T system adopting the silicon cell include water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, cobalt sulfate solution, copper sulfate solution, heat conduction oil, nanofluid and the like. According to the spectral absorption condition of the liquid, the spectral energy which cannot be directly utilized by the silicon photovoltaic cell is absorbed and utilized, and the spectral waveband in the spectral response range of the silicon photovoltaic cell is transmitted to the surface of the cell.

The invention provides a method for realizing the light-gathering function of an integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering condenser, which mainly depends on the design of the inclined angle theta of the inclined edge of the upper surface of a liquid-filled cavity and the refractive power of filling

liquids

1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 to light. As shown in fig. 2a, based on the principle of light direction regulation, when each liquid filling cavity is filled with

translucent filling liquids

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 with different refractive indexes to light. According to the principle of optical path design, the filling

liquid

1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 meeting the filling requirement are selected, and the refractive indexes of the liquids in the liquid filling cavities are reduced from left to right in sequence. The filling

liquids

1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 with different refractive indexes can realize refraction of incident light rays in different degrees, and the absorption of spectrum energy outside a photovoltaic cell response interval can be realized by the mutual combination of the spectrum selective absorption liquids in the filling cavity.

As shown in fig. 2b, based on the second principle of light direction adjustment, when the liquid filling cavities are filled with the same kind of liquid, the deflection degree of the liquid to the light is the same, and at this time, the upper surface inclination angle or the arc-edge inclined edge of the liquid filling cavity which is reasonably designed is required to realize the light condensation of the device, so that the upper surface inclination degree of each liquid filling cavity is different. On the premise that the type of liquid in the liquid filling cavity is determined, the size of the inclined angle theta of the inclined edge of the upper surface of the liquid filling cavity is determined according to the refractive indexes of materials such as the incident side cover plate 1301, the emergent side cover plate 1303 and the filling liquid 20 and the installation position of the photovoltaic cell 10.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the design principle of the bevel tilt angle θ of the upper surface of the liquid-filled chamber of the disclosed liquid-filled point concentrator with spectral filtering. The incident solar ray 30 is vertically emitted to the upper transparent incident side cover plate 1301, the distance between the incident ray 30 and the central axis of the liquid-filled concentrator is r, the photovoltaic cell 10 is located at a distance h below the liquid-filled concentrator, the height of the left surface of the liquid-filled cavity is a1, and the thickness of the emergent side cover plate 1303 is a 2. The refractive index of the material of the transparent incident-side cover plate 1301 is n1, the refractive index of the filling liquid 20 in one liquid-filled cavity shown in fig. 5 is n2, the refractive index of the exit-side cover plate 1303 is n3, and the refractive index of air is n 4.

The light ray 30 is perpendicularly incident to the incident-side cover plate 1301, and the propagation direction of the light ray is not changed. When light reaches the interface between the incident-side cover plate 1301 and the liquid-filled cavity at an angle θ 1, the propagation direction of the light is deflected according to the law of refraction of light, and the angle of refraction in the liquid-filled cavity is θ 2. When the light incidence angle θ 3 reaches the interface between the liquid filling cavity and the exit side cover 1303, the light is deflected again and enters the transparent exit side cover 1303 at the refraction angle θ 4. Upon exiting the lower exit-side cover 1303, the light rays converge at θ₅Is projected onto the surface of the photovoltaic cell 10. In general, due to the refraction of light, the light ray 30 is deflected by a distance x in the horizontal direction when passing through the liquid-filled cavity and the exit-side cover 1303₁、x₂。

The following can be derived from the geometrical angular relationship and the law of refraction of light in fig. 5:

wherein the inclination angle theta of the inclined edge of the upper surface of the liquid filling cavity is satisfied,

from the geometric relationship in FIG. 5, θ₁、θ₂、θ₃The size of the composite material meets the requirements,

the light ray 30 is deflected in the horizontal direction by x distances when passing through the liquid-filled chamber and the exit-side cover 1303₁、x₂The following relationship is satisfied:

therefore, if the type of the liquid filled in each liquid filling cavity is different based on the first principle of light direction regulation, in order to simplify the structural design of the device, the inclination angle theta of the upper surface of the liquid filling cavity is kept consistent, and through derivation and calculation, the inclination angle theta of the inclined edge of the upper surface of the liquid filling cavity should satisfy the listed relational expression. If the principle II based on the light direction regulation and control is adopted, if a single type of liquid is adopted for filling, in order to realize the light condensation effect, the inclined angle theta of the inclined edge of the upper surface of the filling cavity is generally different in size, and the inclined angle theta of the inclined edge of the upper surface of each sawtooth-shaped liquid filling cavity meets the listed relational expression.

Through the light path design, the integrated liquid filling spectral filtering condenser provided by the invention can realize the effect of low-power light condensation, and the geometric light condensation ratio is about 5-10 times.

The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.

Example 1

Based on the first principle of light direction regulation, the integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering condenser provided by the invention can realize two condensing modes of linear condensing and point condensing according to specific application requirements. Taking 5 liquid-filled cavities as an example, the cross-sectional configuration of the linear light-gathering type integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering light-gathering device is shown in fig. 2a, and the perspective view of the linear light-gathering device is shown in fig. 3 a. And the sealing ring 1302 is used for sealing the filling liquid in the cavity formed by wrapping the incident side cover plate 1301 and the emergent side cover plate 1303. The incident-side cover plate 1301 and the exit-side cover plate 1303 are made of a high-transmittance polymer material (refractive index 1.3), and the liquid in the 5 liquid-filled cavities is filled with a translucent liquid having a selective absorption effect in a specific region of the spectrum. Light enters the liquid-filled filter condenser from the incident-side cover plate 1301, passes through the filling

liquids

1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in the liquid-filled chamber, and exits from the exit-side cover plate 1303.

Based on the principle one of light direction regulation, if the types of the liquid in the 5 liquid filling cavities are different and the inclination angle theta of the upper surface of the liquid filling cavity is kept consistent, the refraction of the filling liquid plays a main role in regulating and controlling the spectrum direction. In example 1, the filling liquids in the liquid filling cavities are respectively a heat-conducting oil-based nano fluid, an oil-amine-based nano fluid, a propylene glycol-based nano fluid, an ethylene glycol-based nano fluid and a water-based nano fluid doped with silver-indium tin oxide nanoparticles from left to right according to the numerical value of the refractive index of the alternative filling liquid. Specific filling liquid types and refractive indices are shown in the following table. And calculating, deducing and determining the numerical value of the inclination angle theta of the upper surface of each liquid filling cavity through the light path design. Considering that the design of the chambers on the left and right sides and the kind of the filling liquid are kept the same with the liquid filling chamber in the center as an axis, the values of the inclination angle θ of the upper surfaces of the 5 liquid filling chambers are all 29.71 °.

Based on the principle of light direction regulation, the integral liquid filling spectral filtering condenser in the point condensation mode is consistent with the section structure design method in the linear condensation mode.

Based on the principle II of light direction regulation and control, the integrated liquid filling spectral filtering condenser provided by the invention can realize two condensing modes of linear condensing and point condensing according to specific application requirements. When a single liquid is filled in the cavity, the cross-sectional configuration of the linear light-gathering type integrated liquid-filled spectral filter light-gathering device is shown in fig. 2b, the perspective view of the linear light-gathering device is shown in fig. 3b, and the perspective view of the point light-gathering type integrated liquid-filled spectral filter light-gathering device is shown in fig. 4. Where the linear condenser shown in figure 3b concentrates light from the light source onto a linear target area, and the point condenser shown in figure 4 concentrates light from the light source onto a point-like target area.

Based on the principle two of light direction regulation, if the liquid filling cavity is filled with a single type of filling liquid, and the light condensation effect is to be achieved, the inclination angle theta of the upper surface of the serrated liquid filling cavity needs to be different, and then the inclined structure of the upper surface of the liquid filling cavity plays a main spectrum direction regulation effect. When the filling liquid in the liquid filling cavity is oil amine-based nano fluid (the refractive index is 1.46) of indium tin oxide nano particles, the numerical value of the inclination angle theta of the upper surface of each liquid filling cavity is calculated and determined through the light path design. Considering that the design of the chambers and the types of the filled liquids are consistent with each other with the center-most liquid-filled chamber as the axis, the values of the inclination angles of the upper surfaces of the 5 liquid-filled chambers are 52.46 °, 39.21 °, 34.17 °, 29.51 °, and 25.00 ° from left to right, as shown in the following table.

Fig. 6 and 7 are structural examples of the linear condenser and the point condenser for photovoltaic/thermal hybrid utilization, respectively. Based on the first principle of light direction regulation, fig. 8 shows that when light passes through the incident side cover plate 1301, the liquid filling cavity and the emergent side cover plate 1303 of the liquid filling point condenser with the spectral filtering function, the light is deflected in direction and is gathered under the action of the filling liquid 20 selectively absorbed by spectra with different refractive indexes in the liquid filling cavity. Finally, the incident light 30 is focused to form a spot-shaped focused target area on the photovoltaic cell 10 at a certain focusing ratio. Based on the second principle of light direction regulation, fig. 9 shows that when light passes through the liquid filling linear condenser incident-side cover plate 1301, the liquid filling cavity and the exit-side cover plate 1303, which have the spectral filtering effect, the direction is turned, and the light is gathered under the effect of the filling liquid 20 selectively absorbed by the spectrum with different refractive indexes in the liquid filling cavity, so that the incident light 30 forms a linear light gathering target area on the photovoltaic cell 10 at a certain light gathering ratio.

Fig. 8 is a comparison of spectral distribution of the light source and the receiving surface obtained when the light direction control principle based on the first principle and the linear light condensing mode are selected in example 1. The graph shows the change in spectral radiance as light passes through a concentrator with similar concentrating properties. Devices having spectrally selective absorbing internal fill fluids with different indices of refraction absorb significantly in the ultraviolet (< 300 nm) and near infrared (> 1100 nm) spectral regions when the liquids are filled with spectrally selective absorbing liquids having different indices of refraction within the cavity. When a concentrator of high transmittance polymer material (refractive index 1.3) is used alone. The spectral irradiation characteristics of the solar spectrum are not changed significantly compared with the solar spectrum. The data result of fig. 10 can verify that the integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering condenser provided by the invention has a filtering effect on solar irradiation, light energy which is not suitable for silicon photovoltaic conversion in ultraviolet (300 nm) and near infrared (1100 nm) regions in the solar spectrum is absorbed by the filling liquid and converted into heat energy, the heat energy is taken away by the flowing filling liquid and utilized, and the light energy which is suitable for photovoltaic conversion in the solar spectrum and is in the region of 300 and 1100nm is projected to the photovoltaic cell and converted into electric energy, so that the full utilization of the solar energy spectrum is realized, the total irradiation on the surface of the photovoltaic cell is reduced, the temperature of the photovoltaic cell is reduced, and the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is improved.

As shown in the following table, the significant feature of example 1 is that the direction of light is controlled by the condenser structure in example 1 through the cavity morphology characteristics of the filled liquid and refraction caused by the refractive index of the liquid itself, and the spectrum of light is controlled by the spectrum selective absorption characteristics of the liquid itself. It can be understood that the structure of the spectral filtering condenser proposed in the present embodiment can be obtained based on both the first principle of light direction adjustment and the second principle of light direction adjustment, and the form of the structure can be linear condensation or point condensation, and the formation forms are various.

Example 2

Based on the first principle of light direction adjustment and control, fig. 9 shows another exemplary schematic diagram of the integrated liquid-filled spectral filter condenser according to the present disclosure, where the light condensing manner is linear light condensing. The main difference between the structure of embodiment 2 and embodiment 1 is that the incident-side cover plate 1311 and the exit-side cover plate 1313 are made of a translucent material having a spectrally selective absorption effect containing nanoparticles. For example, the incident-side cover plate 1311 and the exit-side cover plate 1313 are composed of a high-transmittance polymer material (refractive index 1.3) doped with silver nanoparticles, and can absorb high-energy photons (partial ultraviolet photons) that cannot be efficiently converted by the photovoltaic cell. The types of the liquid in the 5 liquid filling cavities are different, and the filled liquid is respectively a heat-conducting oil-based nano fluid, an oil-amine-based nano fluid, a propylene glycol-based nano fluid, a ethylene glycol-based nano fluid and a water-based nano fluid doped with indium tin oxide nano particles from left to right, and can absorb low-energy photons (near infrared photons) which cannot be converted by the photovoltaic cell. The effect of common filtering of the incident side cover plate 1311, the exit side cover plate 1313 and the filling

liquids

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in the solid state is achieved.

Based on the principle of light direction regulation in principle one, the form of 5 liquid-filled cavities is selected as an example, the cross-sectional form is shown in fig. 9, the liquid-filled cavity at the middle part is taken as an axis, the design of the cavities at the left and right sides is consistent with the type of the filled liquid, and the value of the inclination angle θ of the upper surface of the 5 liquid-filled cavities is 29.71 °. The sealing ring 1302 is used to seal the filling

fluids

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in the chamber formed by the incident side cover 1311 and the exit side cover 1313. Light ray 30 enters the liquid-filled filter concentrator from incident-side cover plate 1311, passes through

fill fluids

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in the liquid-filled chamber, and exits exit-side cover plate 1313. The propagation direction of the light 30 is turned, and the light is gathered under the action of the spectrally selective absorption liquid with different refractive indexes in the liquid filling cavity, and finally the incident light 30 forms a linear light gathering target area on the photovoltaic cell 10 at a certain light gathering ratio.

As shown in the following table, the significant feature of example 2 is that the direction of light is controlled by the optical concentrator structure in example 2 through the cavity morphology characteristics of the filling liquid and refraction caused by the refractive index of the liquid itself, and the spectrum of light is controlled by the spectrum selective absorption characteristics of the filling liquid, the incident-side cover plate and the incident-side cover plate solid. It can be understood that the structure of the spectral filtering condenser proposed in the present embodiment can be obtained based on both the first principle of light direction adjustment and the second principle of light direction adjustment, and the form of the structure can be linear condensation or point condensation, and the formation forms are various. In embodiment 2, the filtering effect of the solid materials of the incident side cover plate 1311 and the exit side cover plate 1313 is additionally considered, which is beneficial to reducing the difficulty of preparation of related materials or realizing more accurate spectrum regulation.

Example 3

Fig. 10a and 10b are schematic cross-sectional and perspective views of a third embodiment of the integrated liquid-filled spectral filter concentrator according to the present disclosure, which is added with an incident-side cover plate solid material for light concentration based on liquid-filled light concentration and filtering. Unlike the structure in embodiment 1, the incident-side cover 1321 is designed in the form of a condensing lens (e.g., a fresnel lens structure, a spherical lens, an aspherical lens, a linear fresnel lens, a linear spherical lens, and a linear aspherical lens) to achieve the effect of condensing light together with the filling

liquids

1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in the form of a solid.

Example 3 it is selected that the incident-side cover plate 1321 is designed as a fresnel lens structure, the light condensing manner is linear light condensing, and the incident-side cover plate 1321 and the exit-side cover plate 1303 are also composed of a high-transmittance polymer material (refractive index 1.3). The sealing ring 1302 is used for sealing the filling liquid in the cavity formed by the wrapping of the incident side cover plate 1321 and the emergent side cover plate 1303. The designed 5 liquid filling cavities are taken as an example, the light ray direction regulation principle based on the principle I is selected, the types of the liquid in the 5 liquid filling cavities are different, and the liquid in the filling cavities is respectively heat-conducting oil-based nano fluid, oil-amine-based nano fluid, propylene glycol-based nano fluid, ethylene glycol-based nano fluid and water-based nano fluid doped with silver-indium tin oxide nano particles from left to right. The cross-sectional configuration is as shown in fig. 10a, the design of the chambers on the left and right sides is kept the same as the type of the liquid to be filled, with the center liquid-filled chamber as the axis, and the values of the inclination angles θ of the upper surfaces of the 5 liquid-filled chambers are all 29.71 °.

Fig. 10b shows a perspective view of an integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering concentrator with the entrance-side cover plate designed as a fresnel lens structure. The light 30 enters the liquid-filled filtering condenser from the incident-side cover 1321, and when passing through the fresnel-lens-type incident-side cover 1321, the light 30 is converged to some extent. The filling

liquids

1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in the liquid filling chambers are finally emitted from the exit-side cover 1303, and the incident light 30 forms a linear light-condensing target region on the photovoltaic cell 10 at a certain light-condensing ratio.

In embodiment 3, an incident-side cover 1321 in the form of a fresnel lens is added to the integrated liquid-filled spectral-filtering concentrator according to the present invention. Under the morphological structure of the embodiment 3, the solid layer and the liquid filling layer cooperate to gather solar rays, and the solar rays are projected on the surface of the photovoltaic cell 10 to be converted into electric energy; the liquid layer collects heat to the liquid layer through heat exchange with the solid layer, and the heat absorbed by the liquid is used for other heat utilization aspects. Since the incident-side cover plate 1321 designed as a fresnel lens also has a light-condensing function, the structure of condensing light and splitting light of the filling liquid together by the solid and the filling liquid provided in embodiment 3 has a light-condensing effect stronger to solar radiation.

As shown in the following table, the significant feature of example 3 is that the direction regulation of light by the concentrator structure in example 3 is achieved by the filling liquid cavity morphology feature, the refraction caused by the refractive index of the liquid itself, and the light concentrating design of the solid part, and the spectrum regulation of light is achieved by the spectrum selective absorption characteristic of the filling liquid. It can be understood that the structure of the spectral filtering condenser proposed in the present embodiment can be obtained based on both the first principle of light direction adjustment and the second principle of light direction adjustment, and the form of the structure can be linear condensation or point condensation, and the formation forms are various. In example 3, the light condensing effect that the solid material of the incident-side cover plate 1321 can perform after being morphologically designed is additionally considered, and the effect can also be realized by the incident-side cover plate 1303, and the light condensing ratio of the device can be improved by the double light condensing design.

Example 4

Example 4 a fourth one-piece liquid-filled spectral filter concentrator according to the present disclosure is given, example 4 having the same morphology as example 3, as shown in fig. 10a and 10b, but different from example 3 in that the incident-side cover plate 1321 and the exit-side cover plate 1303 are made of a translucent material containing nanoparticles having a spectrally selective absorption effect. For example, the incident-side cover plate 1321 and the exit-side cover plate 1303 are made of a high-transmittance polymer material (refractive index 1.3) doped with silver nanoparticles, and can absorb high-energy photons (partial ultraviolet photons) that cannot be efficiently converted by the photovoltaic cell. Together with the filling

liquids

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in the 5 liquid-filled cavities, a spectral filtering effect is achieved.

As shown in the following table, the significant feature of example 4 is that the direction adjustment of the light by the concentrator structure in example 4 is achieved by the filling liquid cavity morphology feature, the refraction caused by the refractive index of the liquid itself, and the light concentrating design of the solid part, and the spectrum adjustment of the light is achieved by the spectrum selective absorption characteristics of the filling liquid, the incident side cover plate and the incident side cover plate solid. It can be understood that the structure of the spectral filtering condenser proposed in the present embodiment can be obtained based on both the first principle of light direction adjustment and the second principle of light direction adjustment, and the form of the structure can be linear condensation or point condensation, and the formation forms are various. In embodiment 4, the spectrum filtering and light condensing effects of the solid material are additionally considered, which is beneficial to reducing the difficulty of preparation of related materials or realizing more accurate spectrum regulation and control, and improving the light condensing ratio of the device.

It can be understood that the structure of the spectral filtering condenser proposed by the present invention is diversified by the matching form of the incident side cover plate, the exit side cover plate, the seal and the liquid filling cavity. Other basic configurations of the novel integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering concentrator may exist based on the same principle. The above lists are some basic forms, and the coordination form among the four is not limited to the above lists.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. Integral type liquid filling spectrum light filtering condenser, including incident side cover board, liquid filling chamber, the emergence side cover board, incident side cover board and emergence side cover board form liquid filling chamber, characterized in that through sealed: the liquid filling cavity is designed into one or more cavities, the liquid filling cavity is filled with semitransparent liquid with absorption characteristics for radiation outside a response spectrum interval of the photovoltaic cell, and under the certain optical form design of the cavities, the functions of refraction light condensation and filling liquid absorption and filtering can be simultaneously realized in a single device.

2. The integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering concentrator of claim 1, wherein: when the liquid filling cavity is filled with single spectrum selective absorption liquid, the inclination angle of the light ray at the interface plays a main role in regulating and controlling the light ray direction; when the liquid filling cavity is designed into a plurality of side-by-side cavities, a plurality of kinds of spectrum selective absorption liquid with different refractive indexes are filled in each liquid filling cavity, and the refractive indexes of the liquid play a main role in regulating and controlling the light direction; when the liquid-filled cavity is designed as a plurality of side-by-side cavities, the direction of the light can also be regulated by the refractive index and the inclination angle of the light at the interface.

3. The integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering concentrator of claim 1, wherein: the spectral filtering function can be realized by semitransparent liquid alone, and the solids of the incident side cover plate and the emergent side cover plate are completely transparent in the solar spectrum; the spectrum filtering can also be realized through the spectrum absorption combined action of the semitransparent liquid and the incident side cover plate and the emergent side cover plate, and at the moment, the solid and the liquid have absorption effects in different spectrum intervals.

4. The integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering concentrator of claim 1, wherein: the exit side cover plate or the incident side cover plate can be designed to be in the shape of a condensing lens, and the condensing lens can be a Fresnel lens structure, a spherical lens, an aspheric lens, a linear Fresnel lens, a linear spherical lens and a linear aspheric lens, so that the effect of jointly condensing the solid exit side cover plate or the solid incident side cover plate and the filling liquid is achieved.

5. The integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering concentrator of claim 1, wherein: the liquid filling type condenser is a linear condenser, the whole shape of the liquid filling type condenser can be a rectangular strip structure with an arched section, and the like, the design structure of the liquid filling cavity is in a symmetrical mode by taking the most middle position of the liquid filling cavity as an axis; a plurality of liquid filling cavities can be reserved between the incident side cover plate and the emergent side cover plate, when lines converge, the filling cavities are arranged in parallel in a strip shape, and semitransparent liquid with different optical properties is filled in each cavity of the liquid filling cavities; a single liquid filling cavity can be arranged between the incident side cover plate and the emergent side cover plate, and the same semitransparent liquid is filled in the cavity.

6. The integrated liquid-filled spectral filtering concentrator of claim 1, wherein: the liquid-filled condenser is a point condenser, the whole shape of the liquid-filled condenser can be a flat cylinder and a rotational symmetric structure with an arched section, the center of the liquid-filled cavity is used as the center, and other liquid-filled cavities are sequentially arranged along the radius direction and are in a concentric annular structure; a plurality of liquid filling cavities can be reserved between the incident side cover plate and the emergent side cover plate, when the light is focused, the filling cavities are arranged concentrically in a circular ring shape, and semitransparent liquid with different optical properties is filled in each cavity of the liquid filling cavities; a single liquid filling cavity can be arranged between the incident side cover plate and the emergent side cover plate, and the same semitransparent liquid is filled in the cavity.

7. An optical device comprising the integrated liquid-filled spectral filter concentrator of any of claims 1-6 above.

8. A photovoltaic and photothermal integrated utilization system comprising the optical device according to claim 7.

9. A tracking condensing system comprising the optical device according to claim 8, wherein the sun is tracked by a single-axis method and a two-axis method.

10. A method for regulating light energy, comprising using the optical device of claim 7 to realize the method, wherein the method depends on the selection of the liquid for selective absorption of light spectrum, the selection of the inclined angle of the upper surface of the liquid filling cavity and the design of the thickness of the liquid in the light propagation direction; the selection of the spectrum selective absorption liquid and the design of the liquid thickness in the light transmission direction can realize the regulation and control of the liquid light energy absorption in a specific spectrum range and the regulation and control of the wavelength range reaching the surface spectrum of the photovoltaic cell; the direction of light rays reaching the surface of the photovoltaic cell can be regulated and controlled by selecting the inclined structure of the upper surface of the liquid filling cavity and the refractive index of the liquid; the light rays vertically irradiate the incident side cover plate, are refracted on the upper surface of the liquid filling cavity with the inclination angle theta, are transmitted through the filling liquid and the emergent side cover plate, and are finally projected onto the surface of the photovoltaic cell.