CN113466299A - Electrochemical sensor for detecting ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Electrochemical sensor for detecting ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113466299A CN113466299A CN202110278417.4A CN202110278417A CN113466299A CN 113466299 A CN113466299 A CN 113466299A CN 202110278417 A CN202110278417 A CN 202110278417A CN 113466299 A CN113466299 A CN 113466299A
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- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
- G01N27/3275—Sensing specific biomolecules, e.g. nucleic acid strands, based on an electrode surface reaction
- G01N27/3278—Sensing specific biomolecules, e.g. nucleic acid strands, based on an electrode surface reaction involving nanosized elements, e.g. nanogaps or nanoparticles
Abstract
The invention provides an electrochemical sensor for detecting ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electrochemical sensors. The preparation method of the electrochemical sensor comprises the following steps: preparing and forming zinc oxide nano particles by adopting a hydrothermal method, forming zinc oxide nano particle dispersion liquid, modifying a glassy carbon electrode by using the zinc oxide nano particle dispersion liquid, and covering a layer of perfluorosulfonic acid type polymer solution on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode to obtain the electrochemical sensor. The electrochemical sensor capable of simultaneously measuring Ascorbic Acid (AA), Dopamine (DA) and Uric Acid (UA) is prepared by adopting a ZnONPs modified Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE). The electrochemical sensor can successfully separate three analyte oxidation peaks to realize simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine, and has good detection performance on the three analytes, so that the electrochemical sensor has potential clinical application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical sensors, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an electrochemical sensor for detecting ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine and an electrochemical sensor for detecting ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine.
Background
Ascorbic Acid (AA), Dopamine (DA) and Uric Acid (UA) are active substances of significant biological research value present in the extracellular fluid of the human central nervous system. Among them, Ascorbic Acid (AA) plays an important role in promoting biological growth and synthesizing antibodies, and Dopamine (DA) is an important biomolecular substance in the central nervous system of the human body. Cholesterol in humans below or above normal levels will directly affect the mental activities of the human. When purine metabolism of a human body is abnormal, excessive Uric Acid (UA) is generated, and the Uric Acid (UA) remained in the body can change the pH value of body fluid and form an acidic internal environment, which has important influence on the function of body cells. In view of the important medical research value of detecting the contents of the three substances, a rapid and accurate detection method is important for diagnosis.
In recent years, the detection of Ascorbic Acid (AA), Dopamine (DA) and Uric Acid (UA) has attracted considerable attention. Currently, common detection methods for Ascorbic Acid (AA) are spectrophotometry, chromatography, fluorescence and electrochemical sensors. The principle of the spectrophotometry is that Ascorbic Acid (AA) reacts with a reagent, and a chromophoric group and deoxyascorbic acid (DHAA) are formed through oxidation-reduction or derivatization reaction with the reagent, so that the concentration of the Ascorbic Acid (AA) is indirectly detected. The method is simple and has good selectivity, but the dyes involved in the reaction are unstable and easily disturbed by thiol groups, reducing ketone and sulfite plasmas. High performance thin layer chromatography
(HPLC) uses silica particles with narrow particle size as an adsorbent, and has a significant advantage in separation efficiency. Gas chromatography has good selectivity in the determination of trace species. However, Ascorbic Acid (AA) is a polar compound, requires a series of sample pretreatments, and adds complexity to the assay. The fluorescence method is a direct or indirect detection method based on quenching and recovery of the fluorescence intensity of a probe after addition of Ascorbic Acid (AA). The fluorescence detection of the Ascorbic Acid (AA) has strong interference capability and higher sensitivity, and is suitable for quickly detecting the trace Ascorbic Acid (AA) in an actual sample. Methods for detecting Dopamine (DA) include chemiluminescence, spectrophotometry, fluorescence, liquid chromatography, and electrochemical sensors. The detection principle of chemiluminescence is as follows: when a chemical reaction occurs, the chemical energy absorbed by the material is converted into light energy, and the content of the material in the sample is reflected by the luminous intensity. In spectrophotometry, the complex is formed by the reaction between dopamine DA and a color developer. The absorptivity of the complex at a specific absorption wavelength has a certain linear relation with the concentration of Dopamine (DA). And the fluorescence method can detect the content of Dopamine (DA) in the medicine by measuring the fluorescence intensity. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) has a higher separation rate than other methods. Because Dopamine (DA) has fluorescence, the combination of fluorescence and HPLC as an effective detection method has become a problem of wide attention in Dopamine (DA) analysis.
Currently, Phosphotungstic Acid Reduction (PAR), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), enzymatic methods and electrochemical sensors have been established clinically to detect Uric Acid (UA). The principle of measuring Uric Acid (UA) by a phosphotungstic acid reduction method (PAR) is as follows: under alkaline conditions, phosphotungstic acid reacts with Uric Acid (UA) to generate tungsten blue and allantoin, and the concentration of the Uric Acid (UA) is indirectly obtained through a colorimetric method, so that the method has good accuracy for detecting the UA, but the phosphotungstic acid with higher purity is required. Secondly, the high performance liquid chromatography has the advantages of simple mobile phase, good separation effect and the like, but the pretreatment of the sample is time-consuming. In addition, the enzyme detection of Uric Acid (UA) is to catalyze the decomposition of Uric Acid (UA) by enzyme to obtain a product with a certain concentration, and then calculate the content of Uric Acid (UA). Enzymatic detection of uric acid is relatively simple, but the high cost of the enzyme and the constant temperature of the reaction process limit the application of the enzyme and the recognition specificity between the enzyme and the substrate, so that the enzyme sensor has high selectivity and low detection limit. However, the activity of the enzyme is greatly affected by external environmental factors such as pH, temperature and material toxicity, which makes the enzyme sensor have low stability and short life. Meanwhile, the range of applications of the enzyme is greatly limited due to the limited variety of the enzyme. Therefore, in order to overcome the disadvantages of the enzyme sensor, many scientists have developed a series of enzyme-free sensors with good stability, simple preparation and low cost. The nano material has the advantages of large specific surface area, more surface active sites, high conductivity and the like. Good adsorption performance and strong catalytic performance, and can greatly improve the sensitivity and stability of the sensor. They can be used for immobilizing biomolecules and also as biomarkers for labeling biomolecules. They can be used as catalysts in electrochemical reactions to catalyze the reaction and increase the efficiency of electron transfer.
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a method for simultaneously detecting Ascorbic Acid (AA), Dopamine (DA) and Uric Acid (UA), in which an electrochemical sensor is used to simultaneously detect the three substances, but the inventors of the present application have found that oxidation potentials of Ascorbic Acid (AA), Dopamine (DA) and Uric Acid (UA) are seriously overlapped in a long-term research process, and thus, when the electrochemical sensor is used to simultaneously detect the three substances, electrode modification of the electrochemical sensor is important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems in the prior art and provides a preparation method of an electrochemical sensor for detecting ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine and the electrochemical sensor for detecting ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine.
In one aspect of the invention, a preparation method of an electrochemical sensor for detecting ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine is provided, which comprises the following steps: preparing and forming zinc oxide nano particles by a hydrothermal method, and further forming a zinc oxide nano particle dispersion liquid;
and modifying the glassy carbon electrode by using the zinc oxide nanoparticle dispersion liquid, and covering a layer of perfluorosulfonic acid polymer solution on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode to obtain the electrochemical sensor.
Optionally, the hydrothermal method is used to prepare and form the zinc oxide nanoparticles, and the method comprises the following steps:
dissolving zinc nitrate hexahydrate in ultrapure water, and adding a phosphate buffer solution to obtain a zinc nitrate solution;
and adding a hydrazine solution into the zinc nitrate solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, transferring to a high-pressure kettle, carrying out heating treatment, and centrifuging to obtain the zinc oxide nano-particles.
Optionally, the concentration range of the phosphate buffer solution is 0.05 mol/L-0.15 mol/L.
Optionally, the concentration range of the zinc nitrate solution is 0.02mol/L to 0.07mol/L, and the volume range of the zinc nitrate solution is 15mL to 25 mL.
Optionally, the concentration range of the hydrazine solution is 0.5 wt% to 1.5 wt%, and the volume range of the hydrazine solution is 0.2mL to 0.7 mL.
Optionally, the ultrasonic treatment time range is 0.2 h-0.7 h; and/or the heating treatment time range is 1-3 h, and the heating temperature range is 110-130 ℃.
Optionally, the zinc oxide nanoparticles are hexagonal wurtzite; and/or the average size range of the zinc oxide nano particles is 30 nm-35 nm.
In another aspect of the present invention, an electrochemical sensor for detecting ascorbic acid, uric acid, and dopamine is provided, which is prepared by the preparation method described above.
Optionally, the electrochemical sensor uses a platinum wire as an auxiliary electrode, a 3M silver chloride electrode as a reference electrode, and a glassy carbon electrode as a working electrode.
Optionally, the detection concentration range of the electrochemical sensor for ascorbic acid is 50 μ M/L-1000 μ M/L, and the detection limit range is 18 μ M/L-19 μ M/L; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the detection concentration range of the electrochemical sensor to dopamine is 2-150 mu M/L, and the detection limit range is 0.7-0.8 mu M/L; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the detection concentration range of the electrochemical sensor for uric acid is 0.2-150 mu M/L, and the detection limit range is 0.1-0.2 mu M/L.
The invention provides a preparation method of an electrochemical sensor for detecting ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine, which comprises the following steps: preparing and forming zinc oxide nano particles by adopting a hydrothermal method, forming zinc oxide nano particle dispersion liquid, modifying a glassy carbon electrode by using the zinc oxide nano particle dispersion liquid, and covering a layer of perfluorosulfonic acid type polymer solution on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode to obtain the electrochemical sensor. The electrochemical sensor can successfully separate three analyte oxidation peaks so as to realize the simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine, and has good detection performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing an electrochemical sensor for detecting ascorbic acid, uric acid, and dopamine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2(a) is an SEM image of zinc oxide nanoparticles according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2(B) is an XRD pattern of zinc oxide nanoparticles according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in one aspect of the present invention, a method S100 for preparing an electrochemical sensor for detecting ascorbic acid, uric acid, and dopamine is provided, which specifically includes the following steps S110 to S120:
s110, preparing and forming zinc oxide nano particles by adopting a hydrothermal method, and further forming a zinc oxide nano particle dispersion liquid.
Specifically, in this example, a simple one-pot synthesis method was used to prepare ZnO zinc oxide Nanoparticles (NPs) by reacting zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn (NO)3)2·6H2O) in ultrapure water (for example: millipore Milli-Q water (18M Ω cm)), and a phosphate buffer solution was added with stirring to obtain a zinc nitrate solution.
In this step, the concentration of the phosphate buffer solution is in the range of 0.05mol/L to 0.15mol/L, for example, by adding K2HPO4And KH2PO4Mix to a Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) with an appropriate pH and concentration of 0.1 mol/L. It should be noted that all the reagents described above are analytically pure.
Further, the concentration of the zinc nitrate solution obtained in the above step is in the range of 0.02mol/L to 0.07mol/L, and the volume of the zinc nitrate solution is in the range of 15mL to 25mL, for example, a zinc nitrate solution having a volume of 20mL and a concentration of 0.05mol/L is formed.
Further, hydrazine solution is added into the obtained zinc nitrate solution, the slurry is subjected to ultrasonic treatment and transferred to a high-pressure kettle for heating treatment, and precipitate is collected after centrifugation to obtain zinc oxide nano particles (ZnO NPs), and the zinc oxide nano particles are placed in an oven for drying.
In the above step, the concentration of the hydrazine solution is specifically in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 wt%, and the volume of the hydrazine solution is in the range of 0.2 to 0.7mL, and for example, a 1mL hydrazine solution having a concentration of 1 wt% can be selectively added.
Further, the time of the ultrasonic treatment in the above step is in the range of 0.2 to 0.7 hours, for example, preferably 0.5 hour, and the treatment time is in the range of 1 to 3 hours using an autoclave, and the heating temperature is in the range of 110 to 130 ℃, for example, the treatment is carried out by heating the autoclave to 120 ℃ for 2 hours.
It should be noted that the autoclave in this embodiment is not limited to a specific autoclave, and for example, a teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave may be used, and of course, other types of autoclaves may be selected by those skilled in the art.
S120, modifying the glassy carbon electrode by using the zinc oxide nanoparticle dispersion liquid, and covering a layer of perfluorosulfonic acid polymer solution on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode to obtain the electrochemical sensor.
As shown in fig. 2(a), as can be seen from the SEM result of the scanning electron microscope, a thin layer of coated perfluorosulfonic acid polymer is covered on the ZnO NPs, which can prevent the separation of nanoparticles in the electrochemical reaction, and can simultaneously detect the analyte of Ascorbic Acid (AA), Dopamine (DA) and Uric Acid (UA).
Further, the formation of ZnO NPs was investigated by XRD, and as shown in FIG. 2B, the XRD spectrum of the ZnO NPs showed peaks at 31.5 ℃, 34.4 ℃, 36.4 ℃, 47.2 ℃, 56.1 ℃, 62.8 ℃ and 68.2 ℃, and these peaks were labeled as hexagonal wurtzite ZnO (JCPDS 36-1451). The average size of the ZnO NPs of the zinc oxide nanoparticles can be calculated to be 32.3nm by utilizing the Debye-Scherrer equation. That is, the zinc oxide nanoparticles obtained in this example were hexagonal wurtzite, and the average size range of the zinc oxide nanoparticles was 30nm to 35 nm.
The zinc oxide nanoparticle ZnO NPs formed in the embodiment can be used for modifying a Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) and used as a sensitive electrochemical sensor for simultaneously detecting Ascorbic Acid (AA), Dopamine (DA) and Uric Acid (UA).
In another aspect of the present invention, an electrochemical sensor for detecting ascorbic acid, uric acid, and dopamine is provided, which is prepared by the preparation method described above.
Specifically, the electrochemical sensor of the present embodiment uses a platinum wire as an auxiliary electrode, a 3M silver chloride electrode as a reference electrode, and a Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) as a working electrode. It should be understood that the glassy carbon electrode of this embodiment is modified with zinc oxide nanoparticles, and specifically, the glassy carbon electrode (glassy carbon electrode) is modified by the zinc oxide nanoparticle ZnO NPs dispersion described above, and is covered with a layer of perfluorosulfonic acid type polymer solution, so as to obtain the electrochemical sensor of this embodiment.
Furthermore, the detection concentration range of the electrochemical sensor (modified by the zinc oxide nanoparticles) of the embodiment on ascorbic acid is 50 μ M/L to 1000 μ M/L, the detection limit range is 18 μ M/L to 19 μ M/L, the detection concentration range of the electrochemical sensor on dopamine is 2 μ M/L to 150 μ M/L, and the detection limit range is 0.7 μ M/L to 0.8 μ M/L, and the detection concentration range of the electrochemical sensor on uric acid is 0.2 μ M/L to 150 μ M/L, and the detection limit range is 0.1 μ M/L to 0.2 μ M/L. That is to say, the ZnO NPs modified electrode can detect ascorbic acid with the concentration of 50-1000 μ M, and the ZnO NPs modified electrode can detect dopamine with the concentration of 2-150 μ M. The ZnO NPs modified electrode can detect uric acid with the concentration of 0.2-150 mu M. And the detection limits of the ZnO NPs modified glassy carbon electrode on ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid are respectively 18.4uM, 0.75uM and 0.11uM through calculation.
It should be noted that all electrochemical measurements of this example were performed using the CHI 760 electrochemical workstation with a conventional three-electrode system.
The invention provides an electrochemical sensor for detecting ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine and a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, a hydrothermal method is adopted to prepare and form zinc oxide nano-particles, zinc oxide nano-particle dispersion liquid is formed, a glassy carbon electrode is modified by the zinc oxide nano-particle dispersion liquid, and a layer of perfluorosulfonic acid type polymer solution is covered on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode, so that the electrochemical sensor is obtained. The invention adopts ZnO NPs modified Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) to prepare the electrochemical sensor capable of simultaneously measuring Ascorbic Acid (AA), Dopamine (DA) and Uric Acid (UA). The electrochemical sensor can successfully separate three analyte oxidation peaks to realize simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine, and has good detection performance on the three analytes, so that the electrochemical sensor has potential clinical application value.
It will be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments taken to illustrate the principles of the present invention, which is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of an electrochemical sensor for detecting ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine is characterized by comprising the following steps: preparing and forming zinc oxide nano particles by a hydrothermal method, and further forming a zinc oxide nano particle dispersion liquid;
and modifying the glassy carbon electrode by using the zinc oxide nanoparticle dispersion liquid, and covering a layer of perfluorosulfonic acid polymer solution on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode to obtain the electrochemical sensor.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the hydrothermal preparation of the zinc oxide nanoparticles comprises:
dissolving zinc nitrate hexahydrate in ultrapure water, and adding a phosphate buffer solution to obtain a zinc nitrate solution;
and adding a hydrazine solution into the zinc nitrate solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, transferring to a high-pressure kettle, carrying out heating treatment, and centrifuging to obtain the zinc oxide nano-particles.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the phosphate buffer solution has a concentration ranging from 0.05mol/L to 0.15 mol/L.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of the zinc nitrate solution is in the range of 0.02mol/L to 0.07mol/L, and the volume of the zinc nitrate solution is in the range of 15mL to 25 mL.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the hydrazine solution has a concentration ranging from 0.5 wt% to 1.5 wt% and a volume ranging from 0.2mL to 0.7 mL.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the sonication time is in the range of 0.2h to 0.7 h; and/or the heating treatment time range is 1-3 h, and the heating temperature range is 110-130 ℃.
7. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the zinc oxide nanoparticles are hexagonal wurtzite; and/or the average size range of the zinc oxide nano particles is 30 nm-35 nm.
8. An electrochemical sensor for detecting ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine, which is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The electrochemical sensor according to claim 8, wherein the electrochemical sensor has a platinum wire as an auxiliary electrode, a 3M silver chloride electrode as a reference electrode, and a glassy carbon electrode as a working electrode.
10. The electrochemical sensor according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the electrochemical sensor has a detection concentration range of 50 μ M/L to 1000 μ M/L for ascorbic acid and a detection limit range of 18 μ M/L to 19 μ M/L; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the detection concentration range of the electrochemical sensor to dopamine is 2-150 mu M/L, and the detection limit range is 0.7-0.8 mu M/L; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the detection concentration range of the electrochemical sensor for uric acid is 0.2-150 mu M/L, and the detection limit range is 0.1-0.2 mu M/L.
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