CN113458396B - Preparation method of copper-based metal honeycomb heat dissipation material - Google Patents
Preparation method of copper-based metal honeycomb heat dissipation material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113458396B CN113458396B CN202110354238.4A CN202110354238A CN113458396B CN 113458396 B CN113458396 B CN 113458396B CN 202110354238 A CN202110354238 A CN 202110354238A CN 113458396 B CN113458396 B CN 113458396B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
- B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1103—Making porous workpieces or articles with particular physical characteristics
- B22F3/1115—Making porous workpieces or articles with particular physical characteristics comprising complex forms, e.g. honeycombs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a copper-based metal honeycomb heat dissipation material, and belongs to the field of preparation of porous metal heat dissipation materials. The method of the invention is to combine the powder plasticizing extrusion molding and the powder metallurgy technology to prepare the copper-based metal honeycomb heat dissipation material, namely, the method comprises the following steps: mixing powder, refining materials, extrusion molding, debonding, decarbonization, sintering and other process steps to prepare the porous copper-based heat dissipation material with different pore shapes and honeycomb structures. The copper-based metal honeycomb heat dissipation material prepared by the invention has the characteristics of good heat conductivity, large heat dissipation area, high heat dissipation efficiency, simple preparation process, low cost and the like, and has wide application prospects in the aspects of heat dissipation electronic components such as computer chips, high-power electronic equipment, photoelectric devices and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a copper-based metal honeycomb heat dissipation material, and belongs to the technical field of advanced metal porous heat dissipation materials.
Background
With the rapid development of the information age, the high integration and microminiaturization of electronic components and photoelectric devices, the heat generated per unit area is increasingly high, and how to effectively dissipate the heat on the electronic devices in a short time is an important subject for restricting the development of electronic technology.
Research data show that the normal working temperature of the CPU is below 65 ℃, and above the normal working temperature, the running stability of the CPU is seriously affected, and in order to ensure the accuracy and the reliability of the computer, the CPU needs to be subjected to efficient heat dissipation. As a new generation of green illumination light source, LEDs have numerous advantages, and meanwhile, there is a non-negligible disadvantage that about 80% of energy is converted into heat during the light emitting process, and if the heat is not emitted in time, the light emitting efficiency and the service life of the LEDs are directly affected, so the heat dissipation problem of the CPU and the LEDs has been a research hot spot.
Among all metals, copper is the best in heat conduction performance except silver, so that the radiator prepared by the method has good heat dissipation effect, but the prepared all-copper radiator has the defects of large weight and large processing difficulty, cannot meet the limit of CPU and LED on the weight of a radiating fin, and the radiator prepared by aluminum has light weight, but has heat dissipation efficiency which cannot meet the heat dissipation requirement of a new generation of high-power electronic components. The development of porous copper heat dissipating elements has become an important technical development direction because of the need for a heat sink of a given volume to have excellent heat dissipating performance while reducing weight.
In the existing radiator preparation technology, the conventional fin radiator can increase the radiating surface area by reducing the distance between fins, but the weight of the radiator can be increased, meanwhile, the air flow resistance is increased, the thermal resistance is increased, and the radiating efficiency is reduced.
The adoption of copper with an open-pore structure as a heat dissipation material can possibly increase the surface area of the heat dissipation plate, and is expected to improve the heat dissipation capacity of the heat dissipation element. The main preparation process of the prior perforated copper-based porous material comprises the following steps: (1) The directional solidification method (GASAR) is that the eutectic reaction of copper and hydrogen at high temperature is utilized, and the directional solidification method is adopted to prepare the porous copper matrix material with the porosity more than 15% and the pores distributed in column shape. The technology has the problems that the process control difficulty is high, the penetrability linear pore structure is difficult to obtain, and the preparation process has certain danger. (2) The powder metallurgy method is to prepare the porous copper structure with the relative density of 50-80% by adopting the procedures of mixing copper powder with pore-forming agent and binder, compacting, de-binding, sintering, hydrolyzing, removing pore-forming agent by pyrolysis and the like. There are two main problems with this approach: the pore shape is irregular, a completely open pore structure is difficult to obtain, and the controllability is poor. In forced cooling mode, the flow resistance is large, so that heat dissipation is limited; the process is relatively complex and requires a plurality of subsequent processes. (3) The deposition method is that polyurethane foam is used as a matrix, copper particles are deposited on the polyurethane foam by adopting an electrodeposition technology, and then the polyurethane foam is removed by sintering to obtain the three-dimensional netlike porous copper.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a copper-based metal honeycomb heat dissipation material, which has the advantages of light weight, fast heat dissipation and low cost, and the porous copper heat dissipation material can be used for heat dissipation of computer chips, high-power electronic equipment, photoelectric devices and the like, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing and refining: mixing pure copper powder and a binder uniformly in proportion, adding water for refining, wherein the copper powder accounts for 70-80% of the total mass fraction, and obtaining pasty blanks with moderate hardness after refining for multiple times after mixing.
(2) Extrusion molding: and (3) placing the pasty blank in the step (1) into a porous split-flow extrusion die for extrusion molding to form an integral honeycomb structure.
(3) And (3) drying: and (5) placing the extruded honeycomb body in a constant-temperature drying oven for drying treatment.
(4) De-binding and decarbonization: the honeycomb body after drying is subjected to debonding treatment, sintering and debonding are needed in an oxygen atmosphere furnace, and the air pressure in the furnace is controlled to be 1-2 multiplied by 10 5 In the Pa range, the desired oxygen content is obtained, and carbon remaining by carbonization of the binder is removed by oxidation.
(5) Sintering: sintering the de-bonded sample in inert protective atmosphere to obtain the copper-based metal honeycomb heat dissipation material.
Preferably, the pure copper powder in the step (1) is gas atomized powder with the average particle size of 300-400 meshes, and the apparent density is 2.2g/cm 3 ～2.5g/cm 3 The purity was 99.9%.
Preferably, the binder in the step (1) is formed by mixing M1 (cellulose ether HF 4000) and M2 (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 6000 PF) according to the proportion of 1:1-1:1.5.
Preferably, in the step (1) of the invention, the mass ratio of the binder to the water is 1:2-1:3.
Preferably, the conditions of the drying treatment in step (3) of the present invention are: the drying temperature is 120-130 ℃, and the drying time is 1-2 h.
Preferably, the conditions for the debinding and decarbonization treatment in step (4) of the present invention are as follows: the temperature is 280-300 ℃ and the time is 120min; the binder is carbonized at 280-300 ℃, and a carbon film formed by carbonizing the binder is wrapped on the surface of copper particles to seriously prevent sintering and bonding, so that a proper amount of oxygen is required to react with carbon to generate gas to be discharged.
Preferably, the sintering process conditions in step (5) of the present invention are: the sintering temperature is 850-950 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2.5 h.
Heat transfer modes generally include heat conduction, heat convection and heat radiation, but heat conduction and heat convection are main heat transfer modes in electronic devices; the inside of the metal honeycomb is provided with a large number of ordered three-dimensional through hole structures, so that the specific surface area is greatly increased, the contact surface with air is more compared with foamed metal, and two heat transfer modes can be effectively combined, so that the heat dissipation effect is improved; and the honeycomb metal copper heat dissipation material is lighter than the fin and foam copper heat dissipation material. The invention adopts the powder plasticizing extrusion-powder metallurgy sintering technology, copper powder is prepared into paste by mixing and refining, the paste is extruded by a porous diversion die under certain pressure and speed to obtain a honeycomb structure, the honeycomb structure is dried and then is subjected to de-bonding and decarburization treatment in an oxygen atmosphere furnace, a carbon film remained after carbonization of a binder is removed, and finally the copper-based metal honeycomb heat dissipation material is obtained by sintering under inert protective atmosphere.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
(1) Compared with copper fin type radiator and foam copper radiator, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: the preparation of the copper honeycomb heat dissipation material can realize one-step molding into a complete structure, has no complicated processing steps, has simple process and saves cost; the copper-based metal honeycomb heat dissipation material prepared by the invention has a large number of linear straight through holes in the metal honeycomb, kong Bibao (the wall thickness is 0.15-0.3 mm) and is uniformly distributed, and the copper-based metal honeycomb heat dissipation material has a higher specific surface area and is beneficial to gas flow.
(2) The hole shape, the hole size and the hole density of the metal honeycomb heat dissipation material prepared by the invention can be precisely controlled by replacing the extrusion die core and adjusting corresponding technological parameters, so that the honeycomb heat dissipation material with the required hole-shaped structure is obtained, heat can be rapidly and efficiently dissipated, and the heat dissipation efficiency is remarkably improved.
(3) According to the invention, the copper-based metal honeycomb heat dissipation material with square or hexagonal inner holes can be prepared as required, the hole wall is thin and regular, the resistance to air flow is small, the surface area is large, heat can be taken away in a convection manner, the heat dissipation speed is high, the efficiency is high, and the heat dissipation is lighter at the same time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a process for preparing a copper-based metal honeycomb heat sink material.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a quadrilateral, internal pore, honeycomb heat sink material.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a hexagonal-shaped, internal-bore honeycomb heat sink material.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the copper-based metal honeycomb heat dissipation material specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing and refining: uniformly mixing atomized copper powder with the average particle size of 300 meshes and a binder in a mixer, then placing the uniformly mixed powder in a material mixing device, adding water to mix materials, wherein the copper powder accounts for 80% of the total mass fraction, the mass ratio of the binder to the water is 1:2.5, and mixing materials for multiple times to obtain a pasty blank with moderate hardness; the binder is formed by mixing cellulose ether HF4000 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 6000PF, and the ratio is 1:1.
(2) Extrusion molding: and putting the pasty extrusion blank which is uniformly mixed into a quadrangular porous distribution die to extrude an integral honeycomb structure body with a quadrangular inner hole.
(3) And (3) drying: slowly drying the extruded honeycomb structure in a constant-temperature drying oven at 120 ℃ for 120min;
(4) The de-binding and decarbonizing treatment is carried out in an atmosphere with oxygenSintering and debonding in furnace with air pressure controlled at 1 x 10 5 In the Pa range, the required oxygen content is obtained, the carbon remained by carbonization of the binder is removed by oxidation, the de-bonding temperature is 280 ℃ and the time is 120min.
(5) Sintering: sintering the de-bonded sample in an argon protective atmosphere at 850-900 ℃ for 2.5h to obtain the copper-based metal honeycomb heat dissipation material with quadrangular inner holes and pore wall thickness (0.20 mm), wherein the cross section is shown in figure 2.
Example 2
The preparation method of the copper-based metal honeycomb heat dissipation material specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing and refining: uniformly mixing atomized copper powder with the average particle size of 400 meshes and a binder in a mixer, then placing the uniformly mixed powder in a refining device, adding water to refine the mixture, wherein the copper powder accounts for 75% of the total mass fraction, the mass ratio of the binder to the water is 1:3, and refining the mixture for multiple times to obtain a pasty blank with moderate hardness, wherein the binder is formed by mixing cellulose ether HF4000 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 6000PF, and the ratio is 1:1.5.
(2) Extrusion molding: and (3) putting the pasty extrusion blank which is uniformly mixed into a hexagonal porous split-flow die to extrude the integral honeycomb structure with the hexagonal inner hole.
(3) And (3) drying: the extruded honeycomb structure was dried slowly in a constant temperature oven at 130℃for 60 minutes.
(4) And (3) de-binding and decarbonization treatment: sintering and debonding in an oxygen atmosphere furnace, and controlling the air pressure in the furnace to be 1.5X10 5 In the Pa range, the required oxygen content is obtained, the carbon remained by carbonization of the binder is removed by oxidation, the de-binding temperature is 300 ℃ and the time is 120min.
(5) Sintering: sintering the de-bonded sample in an argon protective atmosphere at 900-950 ℃ for 1.5h to obtain the copper-based metal honeycomb heat dissipation material with hexagonal inner holes and pore wall thickness (0.25 mm), wherein the hexagonal inner hole honeycomb heat dissipation material has higher specific surface area and better heat dissipation effect than the quadrangular inner hole honeycomb heat dissipation material, and the cross section is shown in figure 3.
Claims (1)
1. The preparation method of the copper-based metal honeycomb heat dissipation material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Mixing and refining: uniformly mixing pure copper powder and a binder in proportion, adding water for refining, wherein the copper powder accounts for 70-80% of the total mass fraction, and obtaining pasty blanks with moderate hardness after refining for multiple times after mixing;
(2) Extrusion molding: placing the pasty blank in the step (1) into a porous split-flow extrusion die for extrusion molding to form an integral honeycomb structure;
(3) And (3) drying: placing the extruded honeycomb body in a constant temperature drying oven for drying treatment;
(4) De-binding and decarbonization: the honeycomb body after drying is subjected to debonding treatment, sintering and debonding are needed in an oxygen atmosphere furnace, and the air pressure in the furnace is controlled to be 1-2 multiplied by 10 5 In the Pa range, obtaining the required oxygen content, and removing carbon remained by carbonizing the binder through oxidation;
(5) Sintering: sintering the de-bonded sample in an inert protective atmosphere to finally obtain the copper-based metal honeycomb heat dissipation material;
the pure copper powder in the step (1) is gas atomized powder with the average granularity of 300-400 meshes, and the apparent density is 2.2g/cm 3 ～2.5g/cm 3 The purity is 99.9%;
the binder in the step (1) is formed by mixing cellulose ether HF4000 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 6000PF, and the ratio is 1:1-1:1.5;
in the step (1), the mass ratio of the binder to the water is 1:2-1:3;
the conditions of the drying treatment in the step (3) are as follows: the drying temperature is 120-130 ℃, and the drying time is 1-2 h;
the conditions of the debonding treatment in the step (4) are as follows: the temperature is 280-300 ℃ and the time is 120min;
the sintering process conditions in step (5) are: the sintering temperature is 850-950 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2.5 h.
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Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4758272A (en) * | 1987-05-27 | 1988-07-19 | Corning Glass Works | Porous metal bodies |
| US6881703B2 (en) * | 2001-08-08 | 2005-04-19 | Corning Incorporated | Thermally conductive honeycombs for chemical reactors |
| CN101195162B (en) * | 2006-12-04 | 2010-08-11 | 上海材料研究所 | Method of manufacturing stephanoporate metal honeycomb structure member |
| JP5421617B2 (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2014-02-19 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | Method for producing porous metal body |
| CN102631952A (en) * | 2012-04-01 | 2012-08-15 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing iron-based metal honeycomb carrier material |
| CN104550968A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-29 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for manufacturing automobile exhaust catalyst carriers with honeycomb structures |
| CN108526459B (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2019-12-03 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of copper/aluminium oxide In-situ reaction cellular material |
| CN110449586B (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-09-10 | 上海材料研究所 | Method for preparing metal honeycomb material by low-pressure injection molding |
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