CN113458386B - Binder for additive manufacturing of metal slurry and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Binder for additive manufacturing of metal slurry and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113458386B CN113458386B CN202110747281.7A CN202110747281A CN113458386B CN 113458386 B CN113458386 B CN 113458386B CN 202110747281 A CN202110747281 A CN 202110747281A CN 113458386 B CN113458386 B CN 113458386B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention particularly relates to a binder for additive manufacturing of metal slurry and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, wherein the binder comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60-75 parts of a binder main body, 10-15 parts of a surfactant, 10-25 parts of a forming additive and 2-3 parts of nano silicon dioxide; the adhesive is modified by adding the nano silicon dioxide, and the adhesive main body, the surfactant and some forming additives are matched by virtue of the strong interaction of the nano silicon dioxide and the adhesive, so that the slurry is more fully combined, and the rheological property is more stable. The appearance is good after the subsequent degreasing sintering process, the hole rate of the finished product is small, and the cracks of the formed sample are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, and particularly relates to a binder for additive manufacturing of metal slurry, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Additive manufacturing refers to a technology for directly converting a digital model into a solid part by adopting a method of gradually accumulating materials. Different from the traditional manufacturing process, the working principle of additive manufacturing layer-by-layer accumulation enables the manufacturing process to have multiple advantages, such as forming of complex parts, short manufacturing time, zero-skill manufacturing, accurate replication and the like.
The near net shape forming technology of metal clay direct deposition in additive manufacturing is a deposition mode combining fused deposition modeling and a metal clay injection molding process, and the method has the specific modes that: melting the material into liquid state at high temperature, extruding and depositing the metal clay mixed with metal and polymer binder on the substrate by a multi-feed-port nozzle mechanism, and performing layer-by-layer work and moving accumulation repeatedly back and forth on the plane to finish ordered deposition of the metal clay to form a clay blank; then, degreasing the three-dimensional metal clay blank with certain viscosity and a preset shape by using degreasing equipment to remove a polymer binder part in the metal clay; and finally, carrying out high-temperature sintering post-treatment on the workpiece by adopting a sintering furnace to finish metal densification, thereby obtaining the metal part with higher precision. The method has the advantages of relatively cheap raw materials, greatly reduced part cost, high utilization rate of the raw materials, high design freedom and no need of complicated processes and equipment.
There are still some difficulties with this approach to additive manufacturing. For example: the raw material components and the proportion of the metal powder and the polymer binder mixed clay, the composite action mechanism of the metal powder and the binder in the additive manufacturing process, the flowability and the caking property of the binder and the like, and the influence on the degreasing and sintering post-treatment process. The ratio of the metal powder to the binder has great influence on the performance of a forming sample, and improper ratio can cause the defects of unstable slurry rheological property, high foaming rate in the printing process, increased porosity of a formed part, uneven density distribution of the part, cracking, deformation and the like of the formed part.
The applicant finds that the nano material has good sintering characteristics of strong flowability, strong permeability and the like, so that the sintering process can be accelerated, and the maximum temperature required by sintering can be reduced. For example, the sintering temperature of the tungsten powder can be reduced from 3000 ℃ to about 1300 ℃ by doping the nano material into the tungsten powder. The surface effect of the nano material can ensure that the melting point of the doped composite material is lower, the solid phase reaction of the material can be carried out at lower temperature, and the sintering performance of the material is better. The nano composite material has the advantages that the polymer matrix has excellent performances of easy processing, corrosion resistance and the like, and can inhibit the oxidation and agglomeration of nano units, so that the system has higher long-acting stability, can give full play to the specific performance of the nano units, and has wide application and development prospects. At present, the nano material is utilized to directly modify the printing material by FDM, for example, chinese patent application CN109014179A discloses a modified shaving board, a reinforced polylactic acid 3D printing material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the nano material is utilized to modify PLA, PLA is taken as a base material and is blended with rosewood powder, an inorganic nano material, a lubricant, a toughening agent and a plasticizer, and the reinforced material with excellent mechanical property and additive manufacturing property is prepared by adopting a melt extrusion blending method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a binder for additive manufacturing of metal slurry and a preparation method and application thereof, and solves the problems of unstable rheological property of the conventional slurry, high foaming rate in the printing process, increased hole rate of a formed part, uneven density distribution of the part and the like.
The embodiment of the invention provides a binder for additive manufacturing of metal slurry, which comprises the following components in mass: 60-75 parts of a binder main body, 10-15 parts of a surfactant, 10-25 parts of a forming additive and 2-3 parts of nano silicon dioxide.
Optionally, the binder body includes at least one of polypropylene, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, carnauba wax, polyethylene wax, polyethylacetate, microcrystalline wax, and polyvinyl chloride.
Optionally, the body of the surfactant comprises at least one of stearic acid, zinc stearate, lithium stearate, and octylphosphoric acid.
Optionally, the forming additive includes at least one of ammonium polyacrylate, butyl phthalate, methyl phthalate, glycerol monostearate, and olefin sulfonate.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the binder for additive manufacturing of the metal slurry, and the method comprises the following steps:
heating and stirring 60-75 parts by mass of the binder main body to obtain a liquid binder main body;
and adding 10-15 parts by mass of a surfactant, 10-25 parts by mass of a forming additive and 2-3 parts by mass of nano silicon dioxide into the liquid binder main body one by one under a heating and stirring state to obtain the binder for additive manufacturing of the metal slurry.
Optionally, the heating temperature in the whole preparation process is 130-190 ℃.
Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide an application of a binder for additive manufacturing of a metal paste, including applying the binder to prepare an additive manufactured metal paste.
Optionally, the preparation method of the metal slurry includes:
and mixing the binder and the metal powder, and then heating and stirring to obtain the metal slurry.
Optionally, the mixing mass ratio of the binder to the metal powder is 1: 8-1: 12, and the particle size of the metal powder is 5 μm-40 μm.
Optionally, the binder and the metal powder are mixed, and then heated and stirred to obtain the metal slurry, wherein the heating temperature is 190-210 ℃.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
the binder for additive manufacturing of metal slurry provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following components by mass: 60-75 parts of a binder main body, 10-15 parts of a surfactant, 10-25 parts of a forming additive and 2-3 parts of nano silicon dioxide; the adhesive is modified by adding the nano silicon dioxide, and the adhesive main body, the surfactant and some forming additives are matched by virtue of the strong interaction of the nano silicon dioxide and the adhesive, so that the slurry is more fully combined, and the rheological property is more stable. The appearance is good after the subsequent degreasing sintering process, the hole rate of the finished product is small, and the cracks of the formed sample are reduced.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and examples, and the advantages and various effects of the present invention will be more clearly apparent therefrom. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific embodiments and examples are for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Throughout the specification, unless otherwise specifically noted, terms used herein should be understood as having meanings as commonly used in the art. Accordingly, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. If there is a conflict, the present specification will control.
Unless otherwise specifically indicated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention may be commercially available or may be prepared by existing methods.
In order to solve the technical problems, the general idea of the embodiment of the application is as follows:
according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a binder for additive manufacturing of a metal paste, the binder having a composition including, by mass: 60-75 parts of a binder main body, 10-15 parts of a surfactant, 10-25 parts of a forming additive and 2-3 parts of nano silicon dioxide.
The nano-silica is selected to modify the metal slurry binder, and due to the existence of high-activity groups on the surface of the nano-silica and the special structure of the nano-silica, the nano-silica has strong action with an organic binder, has good modification effect on the organic binder, can improve the bonding degree of the binder and metal powder, and improves the mechanical property of a finally formed and sintered metal sample.
As an alternative embodiment, the binder body may be selected from at least one of polypropylene, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, carnauba wax, polyethylene wax, polyethylacetate, microcrystalline wax, and polyvinyl chloride.
As an alternative embodiment, the main body of the surfactant may be selected from at least one of stearic acid, zinc stearate, lithium stearate, and octylphosphoric acid.
As an alternative embodiment, the forming additive may be selected from at least one of ammonium polyacrylate, butyl phthalate, methyl phthalate, glyceryl monostearate and olefin sulfonate.
According to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of preparing a metal paste for additive manufacturing, the method including:
s1, heating and stirring 60-75 parts by mass of a binder main body to obtain a liquid binder main body;
specifically, 60-75 parts of one of polypropylene, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, palm wax, polyethylene wax, polyvinyl acetate, microcrystalline wax and polyvinyl chloride is used as a main binder. Heating and mechanically stirring for 1h at 130-190 deg.C to make it fully absorb heat and change into liquid state.
S2, adding 10-15 parts by mass of a surfactant, 10-25 parts by mass of a forming additive and 2-3 parts by mass of nano silicon dioxide into the liquid binder body one by one under a heating and stirring state to obtain a binder for additive manufacturing of metal slurry;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s2.1, adding a surfactant: 10-15 parts of stearic acid, zinc stearate, lithium stearate or octyl phosphoric acid, and stirring for 30min at the temperature of 130-190 ℃;
s2.2, adding forming additives after stirring: 10-25 parts of one of ammonium polyacrylate, butyl phthalate, methyl phthalate, glyceryl monostearate and olefin sulfonate, and mechanically stirring at 130-190 ℃ for 30min;
s2.3, adding 2-3 parts of nano silicon dioxide, modifying the binder, and stirring for 30min under the condition of keeping the temperature of 130-190 ℃ to obtain the binder for additive manufacturing of the metal slurry.
And S3, mixing the binder and the metal powder, and then heating and stirring to obtain the metal slurry.
Specifically, the screened metal powder is added into the prepared adhesive, the mass ratio of the adhesive to the metal powder is 1: 8-1: 12, and the temperature is raised to 200 ℃ and the mixture is mechanically stirred for 1 hour under the condition of heat preservation. Stirring to obtain the required metal slurry.
Wherein the obtaining of the metal powder comprises: and screening the powder to prevent the powder from agglomerating. Different kinds of metal powder with the grain diameter of 5-40 mu m are screened out by using ultrasonic vibration sieves with different mesh numbers.
The binder for additive manufacturing metal paste of the present application, and the preparation method and application thereof will be described in detail below with reference to examples, comparative examples, and experimental data.
Example 1
The 17-4PH stainless steel powder is screened by an ultrasonic vibration screen with a 1340-mesh screen, and the 17-4PH stainless steel powder with the average grain diameter of 10 mu m is obtained by screening.
Selecting palm wax as a main binder, heating 70 parts of palm wax in an environment of 150 ℃, and mechanically stirring at a rotating speed of 200rpm for 1 hour to ensure that the palm wax is fully endothermic and changed into a liquid state.
After the liquid state was stabilized, 10 parts of lithium stearate was added and mechanically stirred at 100rpm for 30min while being maintained at 150 ℃.
After the mixture was stabilized, 18 parts of butyl phthalate were added and mechanically stirred at 150 ℃ for 30min at 100 rpm.
2 parts of nano silica are added and mechanically stirred at 150 ℃ for 30min at a speed of 100 rpm.
Finally, the screened 17-4PH stainless steel powder is added into the prepared adhesive, the mass ratio of the adhesive to the metal powder is 1: 10, and the temperature is raised to 200 ℃ and the mechanical stirring is carried out for 1h. Stirring to obtain the required metal slurry.
Example 2
An ultrasonic vibration sieve with a 800-mesh sieve is selected to screen 316L stainless steel powder, and the 316L stainless steel powder with the average grain diameter of 20 mu m is obtained by screening.
Selecting polyethylene wax as a main body of the adhesive, heating 75 parts of polyethylene wax in an environment of 130 ℃, and mechanically stirring at a rotating speed of 150rpm for 1 hour to ensure that the polyethylene wax is fully heat-absorbed and changed into a liquid state.
After the liquid state was stabilized, 12 parts of octyl phosphoric acid was added and mechanically stirred at 150rpm for 30min while maintaining 130 ℃.
After the mixture was stabilized, 10 parts of glyceryl monostearate was added and mechanically stirred at 100rpm for 30min at 130 ℃.
3 parts of nano silica are added and mechanically stirred at a rotation speed of 100rpm for 30min at 130 ℃.
Finally, screened 316L stainless steel powder is added to the prepared binder so that the mass ratio of the binder to the metal powder is 1: 9, and the temperature is raised to 200 ℃ and mechanical stirring is carried out for 1h. Stirring to obtain the required metal slurry.
Example 3
And screening the TC4 titanium alloy powder by using an ultrasonic vibration screen with a 2000-mesh screen to obtain the TC4 titanium alloy powder with the average grain diameter of 5 mu m.
The method comprises the steps of selecting the polyvinyl acetate as a main body of the adhesive, heating 60 parts of the polyvinyl acetate in an environment of 170 ℃, and mechanically stirring at a rotating speed of 200rpm for 1 hour to ensure that the polyvinyl acetate is fully heat-absorbed and changed into a liquid state.
After the liquid state had stabilized, 15 parts of stearic acid were added and mechanically stirred at 150rpm for 30min while maintaining at 170 ℃.
After the mixture was stabilized, 22 parts of butyl phthalate were added and mechanically stirred at 150rpm for 30min at 170 ℃.
3 parts of nano silica are added and mechanically stirred at a speed of 150rpm for 30min at 170 ℃.
Finally, adding the screened TC4 titanium alloy powder into the prepared adhesive so that the mass ratio of the adhesive to the metal powder is 1:12, and raising the temperature to 200 ℃ for mechanical stirring for 1h. Stirring to obtain the required metal slurry.
Example 4
And selecting an ultrasonic vibration screen with a 400-mesh screen to screen the copper powder, and screening to obtain the copper powder with the average particle size of 40 mu m.
Selecting polypropylene as a main body of the adhesive, heating 70 parts of polypropylene at 190 ℃ and mechanically stirring at the rotating speed of 200rpm for 1 hour to ensure that the polypropylene is fully heat-absorbed and changed into a liquid state.
After the liquid state had stabilized, 15 parts of lithium stearate was added and mechanically stirred at 200pm for 30min while maintaining the temperature at 190 ℃.
After the mixture was stabilized, 12 parts of butyl phthalate were added and mechanically stirred at 190 ℃ for 30min at 150 rpm.
3 parts of nano silica are added and mechanically stirred at 150rpm for 30min at 190 ℃.
Finally, the screened copper powder is added into the prepared adhesive, the mass ratio of the adhesive to the metal powder is 1:8, and the temperature is raised to 200 ℃ and the mechanical stirring is carried out for 1h. Stirring to obtain the required metal slurry.
Comparative example 1
An ultrasonic vibration sieve with a 800-mesh sieve is selected to screen 316L stainless steel powder, and the 316L stainless steel powder with the average grain diameter of 20 mu m is obtained by screening.
Selecting polyethylene wax as a main body of the adhesive, heating 75 parts of polyethylene wax in an environment of 130 ℃, and mechanically stirring at a rotating speed of 150rpm for 1 hour to ensure that the polyethylene wax is fully heat-absorbed and changed into a liquid state.
After the liquid state was stabilized, 12 parts of octyl phosphoric acid was added and mechanically stirred at 150rpm for 30min while maintaining 130 ℃.
After the mixture was stabilized, 10 parts of glyceryl monostearate was added and mechanically stirred at 100rpm for 30min at 130 ℃.
Finally, the screened 316L stainless steel powder is added into the prepared adhesive, the mass ratio of the adhesive to the metal powder is 1: 9, and the temperature is raised to 200 ℃ and the mechanical stirring is carried out for 1h. Stirring to obtain the required metal slurry.
Comparative example 2
An ultrasonic vibration sieve with a 800-mesh sieve is selected to screen 316L stainless steel powder, and the 316L stainless steel powder with the average grain diameter of 20 mu m is obtained by screening.
Selecting polyethylene wax as a main body of the adhesive, heating 75 parts of polyethylene wax in an environment of 130 ℃, and mechanically stirring at a rotating speed of 150rpm for 1 hour to ensure that the polyethylene wax is fully heat-absorbed and changed into a liquid state.
After the liquid state was stabilized, 12 parts of octyl phosphoric acid was added and mechanically stirred at 150rpm for 30min while maintaining 130 ℃.
After the mixture was stabilized, 10 parts of glyceryl monostearate were added and mechanically stirred at 100rpm for 30min at 130 ℃.
1 part of nano silica was added and mechanically stirred at 100rpm for 30min at 130 ℃.
Finally, screened 316L stainless steel powder is added to the prepared binder so that the mass ratio of the binder to the metal powder is 1: 9, and the temperature is raised to 200 ℃ and mechanical stirring is carried out for 1h. Stirring to obtain the required metal slurry.
Comparative example 3
An ultrasonic vibration sieve with a 800-mesh sieve is selected to screen 316L stainless steel powder, and the 316L stainless steel powder with the average grain diameter of 20 mu m is obtained by screening.
Selecting polyethylene wax as a main body of the adhesive, heating 75 parts of polyethylene wax in an environment of 130 ℃, and mechanically stirring at a rotating speed of 150rpm for 1 hour to ensure that the polyethylene wax is fully heat-absorbed and changed into a liquid state.
After the liquid state was stabilized, 12 parts of octyl phosphoric acid was added and mechanically stirred at 150rpm for 30min while maintaining 130 ℃.
After the mixture was stabilized, 10 parts of glyceryl monostearate was added and mechanically stirred at 100rpm for 30min at 130 ℃.
5 parts of nano silica are added and mechanically stirred at a rotation speed of 100rpm for 30min at 130 ℃.
Finally, screened 316L stainless steel powder is added to the prepared binder so that the mass ratio of the binder to the metal powder is 1: 9, and the temperature is raised to 200 ℃ and mechanical stirring is carried out for 1h. Stirring to obtain the required metal slurry.
Experimental example:
the slurries prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to 3D printing and formed, and after a series of processes of degreasing and sintering, tests were carried out, the test results being shown in the following table:
| compactness degree | |
| Example 1 | 97.14％ |
| Example 2 | 97.56％ |
| Example 3 | 97.42％ |
| Example 4 | 97.03％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 91.12％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 94.20％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 95.10％ |
From the above table, the density of the final product prepared from the slurry prepared by the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention reaches more than 97%, and by comparing the data of comparative examples 1 and 2 with the data of the embodiment, the density can be reduced when no nano silica or a small amount of nano silica is added, and by comparing the data of comparative example 3 with the data of the embodiment, the density can be reduced when the amount of nano silica added exceeds the range provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
(1) The raw materials of the binder provided by the embodiment of the invention are widely applied and have high applicability;
(2) The metal slurry prepared by the binder provided by the embodiment of the invention is more fully combined, the rheological property is more stable, and the foaming rate in the printing process is low;
(3) The metal slurry prepared by the binder provided by the embodiment of the invention finally forms a product with higher dimensional accuracy and low sintering shrinkage. The sintered product has high surface quality, good appearance and few defects.
Finally, it should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. A binder for additive manufacturing of a metal paste, characterized in that the composition of the binder comprises by mass: 60-75 parts of a binder main body, 10-15 parts of a surfactant, 10-25 parts of a forming additive and 2-3 parts of nano silicon dioxide; the main body of the surfactant comprises at least one of stearic acid, zinc stearate, lithium stearate and octyl phosphoric acid; the molding additive comprises at least one of ammonium polyacrylate, butyl phthalate, methyl phthalate, glyceryl monostearate and olefin sulfonate.
2. The binder for additive manufacturing metal paste of claim 1, wherein the binder body comprises at least one of polypropylene, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, carnauba wax, polyethylene wax, polyethyl acetate, microcrystalline wax, and polyvinyl chloride.
3. A method of preparing the binder of claim 1, comprising:
heating and stirring 60-75 parts by mass of the binder main body to obtain a liquid binder main body;
adding 10-15 parts by mass of surfactant, 10-25 parts by mass of forming additive and 2-3 parts by mass of nano silicon dioxide into the liquid adhesive main body one by one under the heating and stirring state to obtain an adhesive for additive manufacturing metal slurry; the main body of the surfactant comprises at least one of stearic acid, zinc stearate, lithium stearate and octyl phosphoric acid; the forming additive comprises at least one of ammonium polyacrylate, butyl phthalate, methyl phthalate, glyceryl monostearate and olefin sulfonate.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the heating temperature is 130-190 ℃ throughout the preparation process.
5. Use of a binder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the use comprises applying the binder to prepare a metal paste for additive manufacturing.
6. Use according to claim 5, wherein the metal paste is prepared by a method comprising:
and mixing the binder and the metal powder, and then heating and stirring to obtain the metal slurry.
7. The use according to claim 6, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the binder and the metal powder is 1:8-1.
8. The use of claim 7, wherein the binder and the metal powder are mixed and then heated and stirred to obtain the metal slurry, and the heating temperature is 190-210 ℃.
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