CN113457917A - Coating equipment and method for preparing perovskite light absorption film by using same - Google Patents
Coating equipment and method for preparing perovskite light absorption film by using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN113457917A CN113457917A CN202110735530.0A CN202110735530A CN113457917A CN 113457917 A CN113457917 A CN 113457917A CN 202110735530 A CN202110735530 A CN 202110735530A CN 113457917 A CN113457917 A CN 113457917A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
- B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
- B05C5/0254—Coating heads with slot-shaped outlet
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
- B05C11/02—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface ; Controlling means therefor; Control of the thickness of a coating by spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to the coated surface
- B05C11/023—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
- B05C11/02—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface ; Controlling means therefor; Control of the thickness of a coating by spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to the coated surface
- B05C11/04—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface ; Controlling means therefor; Control of the thickness of a coating by spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to the coated surface with blades
- B05C11/048—Scrapers, i.e. metering blades having their edge oriented in the upstream direction in order to provide a reverse angle of attack
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C9/00—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important
- B05C9/08—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying liquid or other fluent material and performing an auxiliary operation
- B05C9/12—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying liquid or other fluent material and performing an auxiliary operation the auxiliary operation being performed after the application
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C9/00—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important
- B05C9/08—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying liquid or other fluent material and performing an auxiliary operation
- B05C9/14—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying liquid or other fluent material and performing an auxiliary operation the auxiliary operation involving heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/26—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/04—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
- B05D3/0406—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases the gas being air
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/10—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising heterojunctions between organic semiconductors and inorganic semiconductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
- H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coating device and a method for preparing a perovskite light absorption film by using the same, wherein the coating preparation comprises the following steps: the film forming device comprises a liquid supply assembly, a liquid injection assembly and a blade coating assembly, wherein a solution to be formed into a film is contained in the liquid supply assembly; the liquid injection assembly is arranged above the substrate and connected with the liquid supply assembly, the liquid injection assembly can move along the length direction of the substrate, a linear slit is arranged at the lower end of the liquid injection assembly, and the linear slit extends along the width direction of the substrate; the blade coating assembly is connected with the liquid injection assembly and is positioned at the downstream of the liquid injection assembly. By adopting the coating equipment, the problem that the thickness of a liquid film is thinner and thinner due to the fact that the liquid can not be dynamically supplemented in the existing blade coating technology can be solved, and air bubbles or other defects possibly existing in the liquid film can be eliminated, so that the thickness of the liquid film is more uniform, and powerful technical support is provided for manufacturing the perovskite light absorption film on an industrial scale.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of films, and particularly relates to coating equipment and a method for preparing a perovskite light absorption film by using the same.
Background
At present, the solar photovoltaic cell technology is rapidly developing, and has undergone the accumulation of several generations of technologies, and has become an indispensable technology for human society. At present, photovoltaic technology is mainly innovated by three generations of technology, the first generation is mainly monocrystalline silicon-based batteries and polycrystalline silicon batteries represented by crystalline silicon batteries, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the first generation in a laboratory exceeds 25% and 20% respectively. The second generation solar cell has begun to evolve into a thin film cell, mainly a polysilicon thin film cell, an amorphous silicon thin film cell, and the like. The third generation photovoltaic cells have undergone a certain technological innovation, mainly including some novel cell types, and these types of cells have excellent characteristics, such as higher photoelectric conversion efficiency, lower cost price, lower heavy metal content, and the like.
Recently, perovskites have come into the field of photovoltaic developers due to their higher photoelectric conversion efficiency, lower process cost, and simple process steps. Perovskite solar cells have currently a laboratory efficiency of over 25.5%, almost comparable to single crystal silicon cells, representing its enormous commercial potential. Perovskite solar cell is mainly prepared to be less than 1cm in laboratory at present2The small-area battery mainly uses an anti-solvent method and a two-step spin coating method to prepare the perovskite light absorption film, but the process is not easy to amplify and cannot well prepare large-area batteriesThe perovskite component of the area is not beneficial to the development of commercialization. However, the distance of industrial scale manufacturing is still long, and at present, in the large area coating process, meniscus coating technology is mainly used, and mainly includes Slot-die coating (Slot-die), Blade coating (Blade coating), wire-Bar coating (D-Bar) and other coating methods, and other preparation methods such as screen printing, inkjet printing and the like.
The slot extrusion coating method is mainly used in industry, the ink is made to flow out from a slot nozzle under a certain pressure, and falls onto a substrate like a curtain, and then is conveyed on the substrate to form a thin film, the slot extrusion coating equipment needs the viscosity of the ink in a required viscosity range, and basically needs a very large viscosity, but in the existing industrial coating equipment of the perovskite solar cell, the viscosity of the existing perovskite ink is often not the optimal viscosity compatible with the slot coating equipment, and the perovskite ink has a plurality of different viscosity proportions, when the low-viscosity ink is encountered, the coating is not uniform, and the defects such as holes, bubbles, meniscus stretch-breaking and the like are caused. In addition, in the slit coating process, the liquid outlet amount of the cutter head and the distance between the cutter head and the surface of the substrate are important parameters influencing the uniformity of the thickness of the liquid film, so that the liquid outlet amount and the distance between the cutter head and the surface of the substrate need to be dynamically controlled in real time to prepare a film layer with uniform thickness, the technical difficulty is high, and the requirement on equipment is high.
Knife coating is a relatively simple coating technique, and the common knife coating is to drip a certain amount of solution at one end of a substrate and then push the previously dripped solution with a scraper or a wire rod to form a liquid film on the surface of the substrate. In this method, the thickness of the liquid film is affected by the spacing between the blade or bar and the substrate surface. In the process of preparing the liquid film by the blade coating method, the scraper or the wire rod pushes the liquid to move forwards to apply certain pressure to the liquid film, so that the liquid film has the defects of difficult occurrence of bubbles and the like, and the condition that a meniscus is broken does not exist, so that the liquid film which completely covers the surface of the substrate and has no bubbles can be prepared more easily. However, conventional knife coating without a dynamic solution drip system results in less and less solution, resulting in thinner and thinner liquid films for long distance knife coating.
Thus, the existing coating techniques are in need of improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a coating apparatus and a method for preparing a perovskite light absorption film using the same, by which the problem that the thickness of a liquid film is getting thinner due to the inability of dynamic liquid replenishment in the existing knife coating technology can be solved, and air bubbles or other defects possibly existing in the liquid film can be eliminated, so that the thickness of the liquid film is more uniform, thereby providing a powerful technical support for the industrial scale production of perovskite light absorption films.
In one aspect of the invention, a coating apparatus is presented. According to an embodiment of the invention, the coating apparatus comprises:
the liquid supply assembly is used for containing a solution to be formed into a film;
the liquid injection assembly is arranged above the substrate and connected with the liquid supply assembly, the liquid injection assembly can move along the length direction of the substrate, a linear slit is arranged at the lower end of the liquid injection assembly, and the linear slit extends along the width direction of the substrate;
and the blade coating component is connected with the liquid injection component and is positioned at the downstream of the liquid injection component.
According to the coating equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention, the liquid supply assembly is arranged, the liquid supply assembly is connected with the liquid injection assembly, and the liquid supply assembly supplies the solution to be formed into the film to the liquid injection assembly, namely, the liquid supply assembly is used for dynamically supplementing fresh solution to be formed into the film to the liquid injection assembly, so that the problem that the thickness of a liquid film is thinner and thinner due to the fact that the solution cannot be dynamically supplemented in the existing blade coating technology is solved. Simultaneously the lower extreme of annotating the liquid subassembly of this application is equipped with the linear slit, this linear slit extends along the width direction of base plate, annotate the liquid subassembly promptly and utilize this linear slit to form comparatively even film on the base plate, and annotate liquid subassembly low reaches and set up the knife coating subassembly that links to each other with annotating the liquid subassembly, annotate the liquid subassembly promptly and form the film after on the base plate, utilize the knife coating subassembly to carry out the knife coating to the film, eliminate bubble or other defects that probably exist in the liquid film, make liquid film thickness more even, and just annotate liquid subassembly low reaches and arrange the knife coating subassembly, make the coating equipment of this application can be compatible the solution of treating the membrane of bigger viscosity range, adaptability is more extensive. Therefore, the coating equipment organically combines coating and blade coating, not only solves the problem that the thickness of a liquid film is thinner and thinner due to the fact that dynamic liquid supplement cannot be carried out in the existing blade coating technology, but also can eliminate air bubbles or other defects possibly existing in the liquid film, enables the thickness of the liquid film to be more uniform, and provides powerful technical support for manufacturing the perovskite light absorption film on an industrial scale.
In addition, the coating apparatus according to the above embodiment of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the invention, a heating assembly is arranged on the liquid injection assembly and/or the blade coating assembly.
In some embodiments of the invention, the distance between the priming assembly and the substrate is no higher than 1 cm; the angle between the liquid outlet direction of the liquid injection assembly and the moving direction of the liquid injection assembly is 45-135 degrees. Thus, the film forming quality can be accurately controlled.
In some embodiments of the invention, the distance between the blade coating assembly and the liquid injection assembly is no greater than 50 cm; the distance between the blade coating assembly and the substrate is not higher than 1 cm. Thus, the film forming quality can be accurately controlled.
In some embodiments of the invention, the doctor assembly comprises a doctor blade or a wire bar.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the doctor blade assembly is a doctor blade, and the longitudinal section of the lower end of the doctor blade is triangular or trapezoidal.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the coating apparatus described above comprises a plurality of stages of the blade coating assembly, and the plurality of stages of the blade coating assembly are disposed downstream of the liquid injection assembly. Thus, a thin film having a uniform thickness and high quality can be obtained.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the coating apparatus further comprises: the substrate heating assembly is arranged below the substrate. This can accelerate the curing of the liquid film.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the coating apparatus further comprises: the air knife assembly is connected with the blade coating assembly and located at the downstream of the blade coating assembly, and a linear air outlet is formed in the bottom of the air knife assembly. This can accelerate the curing of the liquid film.
In some embodiments of the invention, the distance between the air knife assembly and the blade coating assembly is no greater than 50 cm; the angle between the air outlet direction of the linear air outlet of the air knife assembly and the moving direction of the liquid injection assembly is 0-180 degrees. This can accelerate the curing of the liquid film.
In yet another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method of making a perovskite light absorbing film using the above apparatus. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises:
(1) supplying a perovskite solution to the liquid injection assembly by using the liquid supply assembly so as to form a perovskite liquid film on the substrate;
(2) and (4) carrying out knife coating on the perovskite liquid film by using the knife coating assembly so as to obtain the perovskite light absorption film.
According to the method for preparing the perovskite light absorption film, the liquid supply assembly is used for supplying perovskite solution to the liquid injection assembly, namely the liquid supply assembly is used for dynamically supplementing fresh perovskite solution to the liquid injection assembly, and the problem that the thickness of a liquid film is thinner and thinner due to the fact that dynamic liquid supplement cannot be carried out in the existing knife coating technology is solved. Simultaneously the lower extreme of annotating the liquid subassembly of this application is equipped with the linear slit, this linear slit extends along the width direction of base plate, annotate the liquid subassembly promptly and utilize this linear slit to form comparatively even film on the base plate, and annotate liquid subassembly low reaches and set up the knife coating subassembly that links to each other with annotating the liquid subassembly, annotate the liquid subassembly promptly and form the film back on the base plate, utilize the knife coating subassembly to carry out the knife coating to the film, eliminate bubble or other defects that probably exist in the liquid film, make perovskite extinction film thickness more even, and just annotate liquid subassembly low reaches and arrange the knife coating subassembly, make the method of this application can be compatible with the perovskite solution of bigger viscosity range, adaptability is more extensive. Therefore, the method combines the coating and blade coating technologies, not only solves the problem that the thickness of the perovskite liquid film is thinner and thinner due to the fact that dynamic liquid supplement cannot be carried out in the existing blade coating technology, but also can eliminate air bubbles or other defects possibly existing in the perovskite thin film, enables the thickness of the perovskite light absorption thin film to be more uniform, and provides powerful technical support for manufacturing the perovskite light absorption thin film on an industrial scale.
In addition, the method for preparing the perovskite light absorption film according to the above embodiment of the invention may further have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the invention, in step (2), the perovskite liquid film is knife-coated using a multi-stage knife-coating assembly. Therefore, the perovskite light absorption film with uniform thickness and high quality can be ensured to be obtained.
In some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises: (3) and drying the film subjected to blade coating by using an air knife assembly. Thereby, the curing of the perovskite light absorption film can be accelerated.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a coating apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal section of a blade coating module on a coating apparatus according to a further embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a wire rod on a coating apparatus according to yet another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a coating apparatus according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a coating apparatus according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a photograph of a perovskite thin film obtained in example;
FIG. 7 is a photograph of a perovskite thin film obtained in a comparative example.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In one aspect of the invention, a coating apparatus is presented. According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the coating apparatus includes: a liquid supply assembly 100, a liquid injection assembly 200, and a blade coating assembly 300.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to FIG. 1, a solution to be formed into a film is contained in a liquid supply assembly 100.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the liquid injection assembly 200 is disposed above the substrate 21 and connected to the liquid supply assembly 100, and the liquid injection assembly 200 is movable in a length direction of the substrate 21, and a lower end of the liquid injection assembly 200 is provided with a linear slit (not shown) extending in a width direction of the substrate 21. Specifically, the substrate 21 is disposed on the base 20, the liquid injection assembly 200 is connected to the liquid supply assembly 100 through the liquid injection pump 22, and the liquid injection assembly 200 moves along the length direction of the substrate 21 to form a thin film on the substrate 21, that is, during the coating process, fresh solution to be formed is continuously replenished to the liquid injection assembly 200 by the liquid supply assembly 100. The inventor finds that the liquid supply assembly 100 is used for dynamically replenishing fresh solution to be film-formed to the liquid injection assembly 200, and the problem that the thickness of a liquid film is thinner and thinner due to the fact that dynamic liquid replenishing cannot be carried out in the existing blade coating technology is solved. Meanwhile, the lower end of the injection assembly 200 of the present application is provided with a linear slit extending along the width direction of the substrate 21, i.e., the injection assembly 22 forms a relatively uniform thin film on the substrate 21 by using the linear slit.
Further, the distance between the liquid injection assembly 200 and the substrate 21 is not higher than 1cm, and the angle between the liquid outlet direction of the liquid injection assembly 200 and the movement direction of the liquid injection assembly 200 is 45-135 degrees. Specifically, in order to improve the flexibility of this application coating equipment, it is adjustable between 0 ~ 1cm apart from base plate 21 to set up notes liquid subassembly 200 to annotate the liquid outlet direction of liquid subassembly 200 with annotate liquid subassembly 200 moving direction adjustable between 45 ~ 135 degrees. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a heating assembly (not shown) is disposed on the priming assembly 200, so as to prevent solute precipitation and the like caused by solidification of the solution to be formed in the priming assembly 200. Specifically, the liquid injection assembly 200 is made of stainless steel, and a heating wire is embedded in the liquid injection assembly as a heating assembly.
According to the embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 1, the knife coating assembly 300 is connected to the liquid injection assembly 200 and located downstream of the liquid injection assembly 200, that is, after the liquid injection assembly 200 completes liquid injection on the substrate 21, the knife coating assembly 300 is used for knife coating a film, bubbles or other defects possibly existing in the liquid film are eliminated, so that the thickness of the liquid film is more uniform, and the knife coating assembly 300 is arranged downstream of the liquid injection assembly 200, so that the coating device of the application can be compatible with a solution to be film-formed in a larger viscosity range, and the adaptability is wider.
Further, the distance between the blade coating assembly 300 and the liquid injection assembly 200 is not more than 50cm, and the distance between the blade coating assembly 300 and the substrate 21 is not more than 1 cm. Specifically, in order to improve the flexibility of the coating equipment, the blade coating assembly 300 is arranged to be adjustable between 0cm and 1cm away from the substrate 21, and the distance between the blade coating assembly 300 and the liquid injection assembly 200 is adjustable. According to one embodiment of the invention, the doctor assembly 300 is provided with a heating assembly (not shown) to accelerate curing of the film. Specifically, the blade coating assembly 300 is made of stainless steel, and a heating wire is embedded in the blade coating assembly as a heating assembly. It should be noted that the blade coating assembly 300 of the present application may move synchronously or asynchronously with the injection assembly 200, and those skilled in the art can select the movement according to actual needs, and the details are not described herein.
Further, the blade coating assembly 300 includes a blade or a wire bar, and according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the blade coating assembly 300 is a blade, and the longitudinal section of the lower end of the blade includes, but is not limited to, a triangle, a trapezoid, etc. According to a further embodiment of the invention, with reference to fig. 3, the blade coating assembly 300 is a bar and the arrangement of the thread on the bar can be adjusted by the person skilled in the art according to the actual requirements.
Further, in order to improve the quality of the film obtained by the coating device of the present application, referring to fig. 4, a multi-stage blade coating assembly 300 is disposed on the coating device of the present application, and the multi-stage blade coating assembly 300 is disposed at the downstream of the liquid injection assembly 200, that is, the multi-stage blade coating assembly 300 is used to perform multi-stage blade coating on the film after the liquid injection assembly 200 completes liquid injection, so as to eliminate the defects of the film. It should be noted that the distance between two adjacent blade coating assemblies 300 can be selected by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, and will not be described herein.
According to the coating equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention, the liquid supply assembly 100 is arranged, the liquid supply assembly 100 is connected with the liquid injection assembly 200, the liquid supply assembly 100 supplies the solution to be film-formed to the liquid injection assembly 200, namely, the liquid supply assembly 100 is used for dynamically supplementing fresh solution to be film-formed to the liquid injection assembly 200, and the problem that the thickness of a liquid film is thinner and thinner due to the fact that the solution cannot be dynamically supplemented in the existing blade coating technology is solved. Simultaneously the lower extreme of annotating liquid subassembly 200 of this application is equipped with the linear slit, this linear slit extends along the width direction of base plate 21, annotate liquid subassembly 200 promptly and utilize this linear slit to form comparatively even film on base plate 21, and annotate liquid subassembly 200 downstream setting and annotate blade coating subassembly 300 that liquid subassembly 200 links to each other, annotate liquid subassembly 200 promptly and form the film after on base plate 21, utilize blade coating subassembly 300 to carry out the blade coating to the film, eliminate bubble or other defects that probably exist in the liquid film, make liquid film thickness more even, and just annotate liquid subassembly 200 downstream and arrange blade coating subassembly 300, make the coating equipment of this application can be compatible the film forming solution of treating of the great viscosity scope, adaptability is more extensive. Therefore, the coating equipment organically combines coating and blade coating, not only solves the problem that the thickness of a liquid film is thinner and thinner due to the fact that dynamic liquid supplement cannot be carried out in the existing blade coating technology, but also can eliminate air bubbles or other defects possibly existing in the liquid film, enables the thickness of the liquid film to be more uniform, and provides powerful technical support for manufacturing the perovskite light absorption film on an industrial scale.
Further, referring to fig. 5, the coating apparatus of the present application further includes a substrate heating assembly 400 and a fan blade assembly 500.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the substrate heating assembly 400 is arranged below the substrate 21, namely, the coating film on the substrate 21 is heated and cured by the substrate heating assembly 400 in the film forming process, so that the curing efficiency is improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the air knife assembly 500 is connected to the blade coating assembly 300 and located downstream of the blade coating assembly 300, and the bottom of the air knife assembly 500 is provided with a linear air outlet (not shown). Specifically, the air knife assembly 500 has a gas chamber in the middle, the gas chamber has gas inlets on both sides, and the bottom of the gas chamber is provided with a linear gas outlet, i.e., the film is dried by supplying gas into the gas chamber of the air knife assembly 500 and then discharging gas through the linear gas outlet at the bottom of the gas chamber, preferably, the linear gas outlet at the bottom of the air knife assembly 500 extends along the width direction of the substrate 21.
Further, the distance between the air knife assembly 500 and the blade coating assembly 300 is not more than 50cm, and the angle between the air outlet direction of the linear air outlet of the air knife assembly 500 and the movement direction of the liquid injection assembly 200 is 0-180 degrees. Specifically, in order to improve the flexibility of the coating apparatus of the present application, the distance between the air knife assembly 500 and the blade coating assembly 300 is adjustable, and the angle between the air outlet direction of the linear air outlet of the air knife assembly 500 and the movement direction of the liquid injection assembly 200 is adjustable.
In yet another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method of making a perovskite light absorbing film using the above apparatus. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises:
s100: supplying perovskite solution to liquid injection assembly by liquid supply assembly
In this step, the liquid injection assembly 200 is connected to the liquid supply assembly 100 via the liquid injection pump 22, and the liquid injection assembly 200 moves along the length direction of the substrate 21 to form a perovskite thin film on the substrate 21, that is, during the coating process, fresh perovskite solution is continuously replenished to the liquid injection assembly 200 by the liquid supply assembly 100. The inventor finds that fresh perovskite solution is dynamically supplemented to the liquid injection assembly 200 by the liquid supply assembly 100, and solves the problem that the thickness of a perovskite thin film is thinner and thinner due to the fact that dynamic liquid supplementation cannot be carried out in the existing blade coating technology. Meanwhile, the lower end of the injection component 200 of the present application is provided with a linear slit extending along the width direction of the substrate 21, that is, the injection component 22 forms a relatively uniform perovskite thin film on the substrate 21 by using the linear slit.
S200: coating perovskite liquid film by using coating component
In the step, after the liquid injection assembly 200 completes liquid injection on the substrate 21, the knife coating assembly 300 is used for knife coating the perovskite thin film, bubbles or other defects possibly existing in the perovskite liquid film are eliminated, the thickness of the perovskite liquid film is more uniform, and the knife coating assembly 300 is arranged just below the liquid injection assembly 200, so that the method can be compatible with the perovskite solution with a larger viscosity range, and the adaptability is wider. Further, in order to improve the quality of the film obtained by the coating device of the present application, the coating device adopted in the present application is provided with the multi-stage blade coating assembly 300, and the multi-stage blade coating assembly 300 is arranged at the downstream of the liquid injection assembly 200, that is, the multi-stage blade coating assembly 300 is utilized to perform multi-stage blade coating on the film after the liquid injection assembly 200 completes liquid injection, so as to eliminate the defects of the film.
According to the method for preparing the perovskite light absorption film, perovskite solution is provided for the liquid injection assembly 200 by the liquid supply assembly 100, namely fresh perovskite solution is dynamically supplemented for the liquid injection assembly 200 by the liquid supply assembly 100, and the problem that the thickness of a liquid film is thinner and thinner due to the fact that dynamic liquid supplementation cannot be carried out in the existing blade coating technology is solved. Simultaneously the lower extreme of annotating subassembly 200 of this application is equipped with the linear slit, this linear slit extends along the width direction of base plate 21, annotate liquid subassembly 200 promptly and utilize this linear slit to form comparatively even film on base plate 21, and annotate liquid subassembly 200 downstream setting with annotate blade coating subassembly 300 that liquid subassembly 200 links to each other, annotate liquid subassembly 200 promptly and form the film on base plate 21 after, utilize blade coating subassembly 300 to carry out the blade coating to the film, eliminate bubble or other defects that probably exist in the liquid film, make perovskite light absorption film thickness more even, and annotate liquid subassembly 200 downstream arrangement blade coating subassembly 300, make the perovskite solution of the method of this application can be compatible more the viscosity range, adaptability is more extensive. Therefore, the method combines the coating and blade coating technologies, not only solves the problem that the thickness of the perovskite liquid film is thinner and thinner due to the fact that dynamic liquid supplement cannot be carried out in the existing blade coating technology, but also can eliminate air bubbles or other defects possibly existing in the perovskite thin film, enables the thickness of the perovskite light absorption thin film to be more uniform, and provides powerful technical support for manufacturing the perovskite light absorption thin film on an industrial scale.
Further, the method further comprises:
s300: blowing the blade-coated film to dry by using an air knife assembly
The air knife assembly 500 is connected to the blade coating assembly 300 and located downstream of the blade coating assembly 300 in the coating apparatus, and a linear air outlet (not shown) is provided at the bottom of the air knife assembly 500. Specifically, the air knife assembly 500 has a gas chamber in the middle, the gas chamber has gas inlets on both sides, and the bottom of the gas chamber is provided with a linear gas outlet, i.e., the film is dried by supplying gas into the gas chamber of the air knife assembly 500 and then discharging gas through the linear gas outlet at the bottom of the gas chamber, preferably, the linear gas outlet at the bottom of the air knife assembly 500 extends along the width direction of the substrate 21.
It should be noted that the features and advantages described above with respect to the coating apparatus are equally applicable to the method of preparing a perovskite light absorbing film and will not be described in detail here.
The invention will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to be limiting in any way.
Examples
With the coating apparatus of fig. 5, a perovskite film forming solution with a viscosity of 1-2 cp is filled in the liquid supply assembly 100, a perovskite film forming in the liquid supply assembly 100 is supplied to the liquid injection assembly 200 by an injection pump, a distance between the liquid injection assembly 200 and the substrate is set to be not more than 1cm, an angle between a liquid outlet direction of the liquid injection assembly 200 and a moving direction of the liquid injection assembly 200 is 90 degrees, the blade coating assembly is a wire bar shown in fig. 3, a distance between the blade coating assembly 300 and the liquid injection assembly 200 is not more than 50cm, a distance between the blade coating assembly 300 and the substrate 21 is not more than 1cm, a distance between the air knife assembly 500 and the blade coating assembly 300 is not more than 50cm, an angle between an air outlet direction of a linear air outlet of the air knife assembly 500 and the moving direction of the liquid injection assembly 200 is 0-180 degrees, and heating assemblies on the liquid injection assembly 100 and the blade coating assembly 300 are opened, and the substrate heating assembly 400 is opened at the same time, the photograph of the obtained perovskite thin film is shown in fig. 6, and the surface of the thin film has no defects and is uniformly distributed.
Comparative example
Filling a perovskite film forming solution with the viscosity of 1-2 cp in the liquid injection assembly, setting the distance between the liquid injection assembly and the substrate to be not more than 1cm, setting the angle between the liquid outlet direction of the liquid injection assembly and the moving direction of the liquid injection assembly to be 90 degrees, and then coating the surface of the substrate to form a perovskite film, wherein the film shows that obvious bubble defects exist as shown in a picture of figure 7.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A coating apparatus, comprising:
the liquid supply assembly is used for containing a solution to be formed into a film;
the liquid injection assembly is arranged above the substrate and connected with the liquid supply assembly, the liquid injection assembly can move along the length direction of the substrate, a linear slit is arranged at the lower end of the liquid injection assembly, and the linear slit extends along the width direction of the substrate;
and the blade coating component is connected with the liquid injection component and is positioned at the downstream of the liquid injection component.
2. The coating device according to claim 1, wherein a heating assembly is arranged on the liquid injection assembly and/or the blade coating assembly.
3. The coating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a distance between the liquid injection assembly and the substrate is not higher than 1 cm;
the angle between the liquid outlet direction of the liquid injection assembly and the moving direction of the liquid injection assembly is 45-135 degrees.
4. The coating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the distance between the blade coating assembly and the liquid injection assembly is not more than 50 cm;
the distance between the blade coating assembly and the substrate is not higher than 1 cm.
5. The coating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the blade coating assembly comprises a blade or a wire bar;
optionally, the scraping and coating assembly is a scraper, and the longitudinal section of the lower end of the scraper is triangular or trapezoidal;
optionally, a plurality of stages of the doctor assembly are included and the multi-stage doctor assembly is disposed downstream of the liquid injection assembly.
6. The coating apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: the substrate heating assembly is arranged below the substrate.
7. The coating apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: the air knife assembly is connected with the blade coating assembly and is positioned at the downstream of the blade coating assembly, and a linear air outlet is formed in the bottom of the air knife assembly;
optionally the distance between the air knife assembly and the blade coating assembly is not more than 50 cm;
the angle between the air outlet direction of the linear air outlet of the air knife assembly and the moving direction of the liquid injection assembly is 0-180 degrees.
8. A method of producing a perovskite light absorbing film using the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
(1) supplying a perovskite solution to the liquid injection assembly by using the liquid supply assembly so as to form a perovskite liquid film on the substrate;
(2) and (4) carrying out knife coating on the perovskite liquid film by using the knife coating assembly so as to obtain the perovskite light absorption film.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein in the step (2), the perovskite liquid film is knife-coated by using a multi-stage knife coating assembly.
10. The method of claim 8, further comprising: (3) and drying the film subjected to blade coating by using an air knife assembly.
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| CN114632670A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-06-17 | 无锡极电光能科技有限公司 | Slit coating apparatus and method of using the same |
| CN115915875A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-04-04 | 四川大学 | Preparation method of full-slit coating large-area perovskite solar cell |
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Application publication date: 20211001 |