CN113429893A - 一种非极性橡塑材料表面处理剂及表面处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种非极性橡塑材料表面处理剂及表面处理方法,该表面处理剂包括A、B双组分,A组分为多异氰酸酯,B组分为二胺,A、B组分配制质量比例为1:0.1~1。该表面处理剂具有快速渗透和快速反应的能力,使被处理表面与渗透内部形成一体化网状结构,改造了被处理材料的表面性质。本发明利用该表面处理剂处理工艺简单、易于操作,特别适用较大规模移动式(如造船业)施工。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于精细化工技术领域,具体涉及一种非极性橡塑材料表面处理剂及表面处理方法,具体涉及一种强化聚氨酯脲与非极性橡塑材料结合的表面处理方法及表面处理剂。
背景技术
聚氨酯、聚脲和聚氨酯脲品种多样,原料选择范围宽,综合性能优,在众多领域作为胶粘剂、灌注胶、密封胶等广泛使用。它们的结合界面有金属、陶瓷、水泥、木材和高分子材料如玻璃钢、各种涂料、聚烯烃电缆、各种橡胶等。
然而,在使用过程中常遇到难题,在与一些非极性材料如聚烯烃电缆、丁苯类橡胶结合时结合力不足,限制了这类材料在一些特殊需要场合,如电缆密封、水下设施粘接和密封、长期动态振动环境下、长期交变温度(低温)环境使用试件的粘接密封。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对聚氨酯(脲)与一些非极性材料界面结合力弱,应用受限的问题,提出了一种全新的改造非极性材料表面性质的方案。
传统的表面处理多是通过表面极化处理如等离子处理、表面极性过渡如偶联剂处理等。本方案是通过处理剂快速渗透被处理材料浅表层,使表层与渗透浅表层的处理剂快速反应形成一个半互穿的网络结构,表面层被锚链住,改造了非极性材料表面性质,大幅提高了界面结合力。
本发明的目的是通过以下方式实现的:
一种非极性橡塑材料的表面处理剂,包括A、B双组分,A组分为多异氰酸酯,B组分为二胺,A、B组分配制质量比例为1:0.1~1。优选A、B组分配制质量比例为1:0.3~0.5。所述的非极性橡塑材料为天然橡胶、丁苯橡胶、顺丁橡胶、乙丙橡胶或丁基橡胶。优选非极性橡塑材料的表面可以是聚烯烃电缆的表面或丁苯橡胶的表面。
优选上述多异氰酸酯为HDI三聚体或TDI三聚体,二胺为MOCA(3,3'-二氯-4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷)、DETDA(二乙基甲苯二胺)或DMTDA(二甲硫基甲苯二胺)。
优选上述B组分加稀释剂使B组分稀释后的浓度为15%-25%,最优选B组分稀释后的浓度为20%。所采用的稀释剂可以为丙酮、丁酮、甲苯或乙酸乙酯。选用的稀释剂与二胺溶解性好,与非极性橡塑材料有较好的溶胀性。
本发明处理剂与聚氨酯(脲)有类似结构,分子量适中,保证能快速渗透,反应速度快(几分钟即可),使快速形成网络。
利用上述表面处理剂进行表面处理方法是在温度0℃以上,环境相对湿度90%以下喷涂或刮涂表面处理剂,优选在环境温度0-35℃,相对湿度65%-90%左右的条件下使用。而且在温度35℃,湿度90%高温高湿度条件下,本发明依然能够显著提高界面结合力,特别适合环境恶劣的条件下使用。
表面处理后0.5h-7d可采用聚氨酯脲密封胶进行粘接或密封。
本发明是强化聚氨酯(脲)与非极性橡塑材料结合的表面处理剂,表面处理剂与聚氨酯脲主体材料结构相似。本发明将表面处理剂以一种简单工艺对非极性材料表面处理使大幅提高界面结合力,使适应交变疲劳环境下试件的使用及提高耐久性。
与现有技术比较,本发明的有益效果:本发明表面处理剂具有快速渗透和快速反应的能力,使被处理表面与渗透内部形成一体化网状结构,改造了被处理材料的表面性质;处理工艺简单、易于操作,在高湿度的条件下,本发明依然能够显著提高界面结合力,特别适用较大规模移动式(如造船业)施工。
具体实施方式:
以下通过具体实施例对本发明进行进一步解释说明:
以下实施例的表面处理剂包括A、B双组分,A组分为HDI三聚体或TDI三聚体,B组分主要成分为MOCA、DETDA或DMTDA。
表面处理剂的配制:将B组分制成浓度为15-25%的二胺溶液(溶剂为丙酮或丁酮或乙酸乙酯);将A组分与浓度为15-25%的二胺溶液按照表1-表3中的质量比进行混合。
表面处理操作步骤:
(1)清洁被处理材料表面:用脲酸-乙酸乙酯溶液或脲酸-丙酮溶液擦拭表面,清除污物;
(2)处理后放置操作:在一定的温湿度环境下,将表面处理剂喷涂或刷涂被处理表面,表面处理后0.5h-7d采用聚氨酯脲体系密封胶进行粘接或密封。
具体实施例1-16及对比例1-7见表1-表3:
实施例2中,A组分为HDI三聚体,B组分为MOCA浓度为20%的丁酮溶液,两者的质量比为1:2;处理后放置0.5h;
实施例3中,A组分为HDI三聚体,B组分为MOCA浓度为20%的丁酮溶液,两者的质量比为1:2;处理后放置7d;
实施例4中,A组分为HDI三聚体,B组分为DETDA浓度15%的乙酸乙酯溶液;两者的质量比为1:2;处理后放置0.5h;
实施例5,A组分为HDI三聚体,B组分为DMTDA浓度25%的乙酸乙酯溶液;两者的质量比为1:2;处理后放置0.5h;
对比例1中,A组分为HDI三聚体,B组分为DMTDA浓度25%的乙酸乙酯溶液;两者的质量比为1:7;处理后放置0.5h。
对比例1中,A组分为HDI三聚体,B组分为DMTDA的乙酸乙酯溶液,两者的质量比为1:7;处理后放置0.5h,其余步骤同实施1-5;
实施例6和实施例7中,A组分为HDI三聚体,B组分为MOCA浓度20%的丁酮溶液,两者的质量比为1:2;处理后放置0.5h;
实施例8和实施例9中,A组分为HDI三聚体,B组分为MOCA浓度20%的丁酮溶液,两者的质量比为1:2;处理后放置7h;
实施例10中,A组分为HDI三聚体,B组分为DETDA浓度20%的乙酸乙酯溶液;两者的质量比为1:2;处理后放置0.5h;
实施例11中,A组分为HDI三聚体,B组分为DMTDA浓度20%的乙酸乙酯溶液;两者的质量比为1:2;处理后放置0.5h;
对比例2和对比例3中,A组分为环氧树脂,B组分为聚酰胺,两者的质量比为1:2;处理后放置0.5h;其余步骤同实施例6-11;
实施例13-14中,A组分为HDI三聚体,B组分为MOCA浓度20%的丁酮溶液,两者的质量比为1:2;处理后放置0.5h;
实施例15-16中,A组分为HDI三聚体,B组分为MOCA浓度20%的丁酮溶液,两者的质量比为1:2;处理后放置7h;
对比例4和对比例5中,A组分为环氧树脂,B组分为聚酰胺;两者的质量比为1:2;处理后放置0.5h;其余步骤同实施例12-16;
对比例6和对比例7中,A组分为HDI三聚体,B组分为MOCA浓度20%的丁酮溶液,两者质量比为1:0.6,处理后放置0.5h;其余步骤同实施例12-16。
以下为实施例1-实施例16,具体实施条件及结果见表1~表3。
表1与丁苯橡胶强度测试
表2与丁苯橡胶强度测试
表3与聚烯烃强度测试
注:1.“粘合剪切强度”测试方法参照国标GB/T13936-2014
2.“剥离强度”测试方法参照国标GB/T2791-1995
Claims (10)
1.一种非极性橡塑材料表面处理剂,其特征在于,包括A、B双组分,A组分为多异氰酸酯,B组分为二胺,A、B组分配制质量比例为1:0.1~1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的非极性橡塑材料表面处理剂,其特征在于,所述的A、B组分配制质量比例为1:0.3~0.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的非极性橡塑材料表面处理剂,其特征在于所述的多异氰酸酯为HDI三聚体或TDI三聚体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的非极性橡塑材料表面处理剂,其特征在于所述的二胺为MOCA、DETDA或DMTDA。
5.根据权利要求1所述的非极性橡塑材料表面处理剂,其特征在于,所述的B组分加稀释剂使B组分稀释后的浓度为15%-25%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的所述的非极性橡塑材料表面处理剂,其特征在于,所述的B组分加稀释剂使B组分稀释后的浓度为20%。
7.根据权利要求5所述的所述的非极性橡塑材料的表面处理剂,其特征在于,所述的稀释剂为丙酮、丁酮、甲苯或乙酸乙酯。
8.一种利用权利要求1所述的非极性橡塑材料表面处理剂进行表面处理方法,其特征在于,在环境温度0℃以上,相对湿度90%以下喷涂或刮涂表面处理剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的非极性橡塑材料表面处理剂进行表面处理方法,其特征在于,所述的环境温度0-35℃,相对湿度65-90%。
10.根据权利要求8所述的表面处理剂进行表面处理方法,其特征在于,所述的非极性橡塑材料为天然橡胶、丁苯橡胶、顺丁橡胶、乙丙橡胶或丁基橡胶。
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