CN113429595B - Preparation method of nano-material modified carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of nano-material modified carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113429595B CN113429595B CN202110709654.1A CN202110709654A CN113429595B CN 113429595 B CN113429595 B CN 113429595B CN 202110709654 A CN202110709654 A CN 202110709654A CN 113429595 B CN113429595 B CN 113429595B
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
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- C08K3/041—Carbon nanotubes
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- C08K9/08—Ingredients agglomerated by treatment with a binding agent
Abstract
A method for preparing a nano material modified carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material. The invention belongs to the field of preparation of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials. The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the binding force between the nano filler and the carbon fiber is weak in the existing method for modifying the carbon fiber by the nano filler. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1: adding polyvinyl alcohol into deionized water to obtain a cross-linking agent solution; and 2, step: dissolving sodium hyaluronate in deionized water, and then adding MXenes and CNTs to obtain MXenes/CNTs suspension; and step 3: carrying out vacuum filtration on the carbon fiber fabric on a polytetrafluoroethylene microporous filter membrane, dropwise adding a cross-linking agent solution, continuing vacuum filtration, and taking down after vacuum drying; and 4, step 4: placing the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric film in a mould, pouring epoxy resin on the film, pressing the film by an iron plate and drying to obtain the MXenes/CNTs/CF reinforced epoxy resin composite material. The composite material has excellent conductivity, high temperature resistance and good mechanical property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a nano material modified carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material.
Background
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites (CFRCs) are widely used in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, railways, ships, wind power generation, and the like because of their light weight and high strength. The composite material is used as an airplane structure, can reduce the flight oil consumption and improve the fatigue resistance of the airplane structure, is applied to the airplane manufacturing industry by partially replacing metal materials at present, and is increased year by year. The performance of carbon fiber reinforced composites depends to a large extent on the interfacial adhesion between the fibers and the matrix. However, the inherent smooth surface, chemical inertness, of Carbon Fibers (CF) results in poor compatibility of the carbon fibers with the matrix, resulting in poor interaction of the fibers with the matrix, which adversely affects the interfacial properties of the two. In addition, the electrical and thermal conductivities of CF are low. The properties are unsatisfactory, and the development and application of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material in many fields are hindered, so that the modification of CF becomes a research hotspot of people at present, and the nano material with excellent electrical and thermal properties becomes a modified hot material.
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have a high specific surface area and excellent mechanical, electrical and optical properties, and are widely used in reinforcement materials for polymer composites. MXenes materials are a class of metal carbide and metal nitride materials with a two-dimensional layered structure. It has many excellent characteristics including element composition and structure adjustability, high specific surface area, high conductivity and good mechanical properties. By utilizing the excellent conductivity, heat resistance and high strength of the CNTs and MXenes nano-materials with different dimensions, the optimization of the conductivity of the CFRCs is realized on multiple scales, and the preparation of the multifunctional nano-composite material has important scientific research value and practical engineering application significance. This approach also presents certain difficulties. The nanomaterial has strong agglomeration property and low solubility in a high-viscosity polymer matrix, so that the nanomaterial is difficult to uniformly disperse in the polymer matrix. Many studies have shown that the uniform dispersion of the nanoscale filler in the polymer matrix and the good adhesion between the filler and the polymer are two key factors affecting the final use properties of the composite. However, how to properly control the dispersion of the nanofiller in the polymer matrix and the interaction mechanism between the filler and the polymer remains a challenging problem.
The method for depositing the nano filler on the surface of the carbon fiber to modify the carbon fiber by adopting a vacuum filtration method is a common method with simple operation, easy scale, moderate cost and high safety. However, the method has the problem that the bonding force of MXenes/CNTs and carbon fibers is weak, so that the conductivity of the fabric film cannot achieve the ideal effect. Therefore, it is important to optimize the modification method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of weak binding force between a nano filler and carbon fibers in the existing method for modifying carbon fibers by using the nano filler, and provides a preparation method of a nano material modified carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material.
The preparation method of the nano-material modified carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding polyvinyl alcohol into deionized water, stirring at 70-90 ℃ until the polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved, and standing at room temperature to obtain a cross-linking agent solution;
step 2: dissolving sodium hyaluronate in deionized water, then adding MXenes and CNTs, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to obtain MXenes/CNTs suspension;
and step 3: placing the carbon fiber fabric on a polytetrafluoroethylene microporous filter membrane, removing bubbles, carrying out vacuum filtration on the MXenes/CNTs suspension obtained in the step (2) to the filter membrane to obtain MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric, then dropwise adding the crosslinking agent solution obtained in the step (1) to the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric, continuing vacuum filtration to enable the crosslinking agent solution to completely infiltrate the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric, and taking down the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric after vacuum drying to obtain an MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric film;
and 4, step 4: placing the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric film in a mold, pouring epoxy resin on the film, repeating the operations of laying the film and pouring the resin for 1-3 times after the pouring is finished, finally laying a layer of film to obtain a poured body, pressing the poured body by using an iron plate after bubbles are removed, and drying to obtain the MXenes/CNTs/CF reinforced epoxy resin composite material, namely the nano material modified carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material.
Further limiting, the ratio of the mass of the polyvinyl alcohol to the volume of the deionized water in the step 1 is (80-120) mg: 50 mL.
Further limiting, the ratio of the mass of the sodium hyaluronate to the volume of the deionized water in the step 2 is (15-35) mg: 50 mL.
Further limiting, in the step 2, the mass ratio of the sodium hyaluronate to the CNTs is 5: (4-6).
Further limiting, the ratio of MXenes to CNTs in step 2 is 1: (0.5 to 1.5).
Further limiting, the frequency of the ultrasonic treatment in the step 2 is 30 KHz-50 KHz, and the time is 40 min-60 min.
Further limiting, the polytetrafluoroethylene microporous filter membrane in the step 3 is a hydrophilic filter membrane with the pore diameter of 0.45 μm.
Further limiting, the ratio of the mass of the CNTs in the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric film in the step 3 to the volume of the crosslinking agent solution is (4-6) mg: 5 mL.
Further limiting, the temperature of the vacuum drying in the step 3 is 70-90 ℃, and the time is 20-24 h.
Further limiting, the laying density of the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric film in the casting body in the step 4 is that one layer is laid every 0.5-1 mm in the thickness direction.
Further limiting, the drying temperature in the step 4 is 80-100 ℃, and the drying time is 5-7 h.
Further, in step 4, the bubbles are removed by means of vacuum pumping.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) according to the invention, the addition ratio of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium hyaluronate to MXenes/CNTs is regulated, so that the prepared carbon fiber fabric film has good mechanical property and wettability, the preparation method of vacuum filtration is simple to operate, the obtained high-conductivity reinforcement and resin are subjected to simple compression molding to obtain the multi-scale reinforced epoxy resin composite material with excellent mechanical property, high temperature resistance and high conductivity, the problem of agglomeration of the nano material in a polymer matrix is effectively solved, the operation is simple, the cost is low, and the method can be suitable for obtaining other high-performance composite materials.
2) The invention relates to a novel high-conductivity and high-temperature-resistant multi-scale increaseThe strong epoxy resin composite material has excellent conductivity, high temperature resistance and good mechanical property, and the MXenes/CNTs modified carbon fiber fabric film has excellent conductivity and the minimum resistivity of the MXenes/CNTs modified carbon fiber fabric film is 1.6 multiplied by 10-3Omega cm, compared with pure carbon fiber, the resistivity is reduced by about 40%, the contact angle and the surface energy of the static aqueous solution of the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric film obtained under different proportions are 81.90 degrees and 44.92mN/m respectively, the contact angle is reduced by 24% compared with the pure carbon fiber, and the surface energy is increased by 93%. The mechanical properties of the prepared composite material are obviously improved, and the elastic modulus of the composite material is increased by 90 percent compared with the composite material prepared from pure resin modified carbon fibers; the composite material has excellent electrical properties, and the resistivity of the composite material is improved compared with that of pure carbon fiber, wherein the resistivity is minimum 3.05 omega cm and is reduced by 56 percent compared with CF; has good heat resistance and good stability before 320 ℃.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microscope photograph of the shape of MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric film obtained in step 3 of examples 1-3; wherein (a) -pure carbon fiber, (b) -example 2, (c) -example 1, (d) -example 3;
FIG. 2 is a bar graph of the static water contact angle of MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric films obtained in step 3 of examples 1-3;
FIG. 3 is a bar graph of the resistivity of MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric films obtained in step 3 of examples 1-3;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the compression property of the MXenes/CNTs/CF reinforced epoxy resin composite obtained in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a bar graph of the electrical resistivity of the MXenes/CNTs/CF reinforced epoxy resin composites obtained in examples 1-3;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the thermal stability of the MXenes/CNTs/CF reinforced epoxy resin composite obtained in examples 1-3; wherein (a) -TG, (b) -DTG.
Detailed Description
Example 1: the preparation method of the nanomaterial-modified carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding 100mg of polyvinyl alcohol into 50mL of deionized water, stirring at 80 ℃ until the polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved, and standing at room temperature to obtain a cross-linking agent solution;
step 2: dissolving 25mg of sodium hyaluronate in 50mL of deionized water, then adding 25mg of MXenes and 25mg of CNTs, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 50min at 40KHz to obtain MXenes/CNTs suspension;
and step 3: placing the carbon fiber fabric on a hydrophilic polytetrafluoroethylene microporous filter membrane with the aperture of 0.45 mu m, removing air bubbles, carrying out vacuum filtration on the MXenes/CNTs suspension obtained in the step (2) to the filter membrane to obtain MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric, then dropwise adding the crosslinking agent solution obtained in the step (1) to the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric, continuing vacuum filtration to enable the crosslinking agent solution to completely infiltrate the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric, and carrying out vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 24 hours and then taking down to obtain an MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric film;
and 4, step 4: placing the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric film in a mould, pouring epoxy resin on the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric film, repeating the operations of laying the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric film and pouring the epoxy resin for 1 time after the pouring is finished, finally laying a layer of MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric film to obtain a poured body, laying a layer of MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric film in the poured body at the laying density of every 0.5mm in the thickness direction, carrying out vacuum filtration for 30min to remove bubbles, pressing the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric film by using an iron plate, and drying the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric film at 90 ℃ for 6h to obtain the MXenes/CNTs/CF reinforced epoxy resin composite material, namely the nano material modified carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material.
Example 2: this example differs from example 1 in that: step 2 was followed by the addition of 30mg of MXenes and 20mg of CNTs. The other steps and parameters were the same as in example 1.
Example 3: this example differs from example 1 in that: step 2 was followed by the addition of 20mg of MXenes and 30mg of CNTs. The other steps and parameters were the same as in example 1.
Test one: morphology observation is carried out on the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric films obtained in step 3 of examples 1-3, the results are shown in the attached drawings 1(a) - (d), and it is obvious that the more substances are deposited on the surfaces of the carbon fibers along with the increase of the content of the CNTs, the more complete the surface coverage of the carbon fibers is. The addition of MXenes and CNTs successfully fills the pores of the carbon fibers, increases the surface roughness of the carbon fibers and is more favorable for the next step of combination with resin.
And (2) test II: static water contact angle measurement (figure 2) and nonpolar diiodomethane contact angle measurement are carried out on the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric films obtained in step 3 of examples 1-3, and the surface energy is calculated, and the results are shown in Table 1, so that the static water contact angle of the modified carbon fiber fabric is reduced, the surface energy is improved to different degrees, and the combination of the fibers and the resin matrix is greatly promoted.
TABLE 1 MXenes/CNTs modified CF contact angles and surface energies at different ratios
Sample name | CF | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
Static contact Angle (°) | 107.69 | 81.09 | 83.03 | 85.56 |
Surface energy (mN/m) | 23.33 | 44.92 | 42.59 | 39.53 |
And (3) test III: the resistance of the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric film obtained in step 3 of the embodiment 1-3 is tested by a four-point probe method (figure 3) to study the influence of different MXenes and CNTs composite proportion on the electrical properties of the MXenes/CNTs modified CF. The resistivity of the prepared carbon fiber fabric film is at least 1.6 multiplied by 10-3Omega cm, the electrical properties are all improved obviously.
And (4) testing: the compression performance test of the MXenes/CNTs/CF reinforced epoxy resin composite material obtained in the example 1 is carried out, the result is shown in figure 4, the resistivity and the thermal stability of the MXenes/CNTs/CF reinforced epoxy resin composite material obtained in the examples 1-3 are correspondingly tested, and the result is shown in figures 5-6, so that the mechanical property of the composite material is obviously improved due to the addition of the modified carbon fiber, the composite material is endowed with good conductivity, the heat resistance of the composite material is improved due to the modified carbon fiber, and the composite material can still keep relatively stable at 320 ℃.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a nano material modified carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: adding polyvinyl alcohol into deionized water, stirring at 70-90 ℃ until the polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved, and standing at room temperature to obtain a cross-linking agent solution; the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the volume of the deionized water is 80-120 mg: 50 mL;
step 2: dissolving sodium hyaluronate in deionized water, then adding MXenes and CNTs, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to obtain MXenes/CNTs suspension; the mass ratio of the sodium hyaluronate to the CNTs is 5: 4-6, wherein the ratio of MXenes to CNTs is 1: 0.5 to 1.5;
and step 3: placing the carbon fiber fabric on a polytetrafluoroethylene microporous filter membrane, removing bubbles, carrying out vacuum filtration on the MXenes/CNTs suspension obtained in the step (2) to the filter membrane to obtain MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric, then dropwise adding the crosslinking agent solution obtained in the step (1) to the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric, continuing vacuum filtration to enable the crosslinking agent solution to completely infiltrate the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric, and taking down the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric after vacuum drying to obtain an MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric film; the ratio of the mass of the CNTs in the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric film to the volume of the cross-linking agent solution is 4-6 mg: 5 mL;
and 4, step 4: placing the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric film in a mold, pouring epoxy resin on the film, repeating the operations of laying the film and pouring the resin for 1-3 times after the pouring is finished, laying a layer of film, pressing and drying the film by using an iron plate after bubbles are removed, and obtaining the MXenes/CNTs/CF reinforced epoxy resin composite material, namely the nano material modified carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material.
2. The preparation method of the nanomaterial-modified carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the mass of the sodium hyaluronate to the volume of the deionized water in the step 2 is 15-35 mg: 50 mL.
3. The preparation method of the nanomaterial-modified carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic treatment in the step 2 is performed at a frequency of 30KHz to 50KHz for a time of 40min to 60 min.
4. The method for preparing a nano-material modified carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane in step 3 is a hydrophilic membrane with a pore size of 0.45 μm.
5. The preparation method of the nanomaterial-modified carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum drying temperature in step 3 is 70-90 ℃ and the time is 20-24 hours.
6. The preparation method of the nanomaterial-modified carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the MXenes/CNTs/CF fabric film is laid in a layer with the laying density of every 0.5-1 mm in the thickness direction.
7. The preparation method of the nanomaterial-modified carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in step 4 is 80-100 ℃ and the drying time is 5-7 h, and bubbles are removed in step 4 by a vacuum pumping mode.
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