CN113422190A - Branch line directional coupler, design method thereof and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Branch line directional coupler, design method thereof and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN113422190A CN113422190A CN202110497291.XA CN202110497291A CN113422190A CN 113422190 A CN113422190 A CN 113422190A CN 202110497291 A CN202110497291 A CN 202110497291A CN 113422190 A CN113422190 A CN 113422190A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
- H01P5/184—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips
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Abstract
The application relates to a branch line directional coupler, a branch line directional coupler design method and electronic equipment. The coupler includes: a first circuit layer having a port transmission line, a coupled line, and a branch line, the port transmission line being connected to each end of the coupled line, the branch line being connected to the coupled line; a second circuit layer having a defected ground structure corresponding to the branch line position; and the dielectric layer is arranged between the first circuit layer and the second circuit layer. The application realizes larger working bandwidth, adopts a multi-line layer structure, has simple design method and is easy to realize the miniaturized integrated design of the circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to a directional coupler, in particular to a branch line directional coupler, a branch line directional coupler design method and electronic equipment.
Background
The directional coupler is used as an important microwave radio frequency circuit basic structure, has the function of distributing power of input microwave signals according to a certain proportion, and is widely applied to isolation, separation, mixing and the like of the signals, such as power monitoring, source output power amplitude stabilization, signal source isolation, frequency sweep test of transmission and reflection and the like.
The directional coupler is generally formed of a transmission line, and a coaxial line, a waveguide, a strip line, and a microstrip line may form the directional coupler. The directional coupler with the branch line structure is a directional coupler which is formed by adding a plurality of branch lines to two parallel transmission lines to establish a coupling mechanism, wherein the length of each branch line and the distance between the branch lines are both 1/4 wavelengths, and the two output ports have 90-degree phase difference while realizing power equal division.
The bandwidth of a single-stage branch line directional coupler is limited, a larger working bandwidth is generally realized in a multi-stage cascade mode, but as the number of the branch lines increases, the branch lines need larger characteristic impedance to meet the design requirements of the circuit, and the increase of the transmission line characteristic impedance often causes line width narrowing, so that the transmission line with too narrow line width is difficult to realize and cannot meet the design requirements of the circuit due to the influence of actual processing precision and the consideration of power tolerance of devices, and meanwhile, the circuit miniaturization design is not facilitated due to the excessive number of cascade branches.
Specifically, the following technical problems exist in the current directional coupler structure:
the multistage branch line directional coupler adopting the microstrip line structure is limited by actual processing precision, and the required high characteristic impedance cannot be realized by reducing the width of a transmission line, so that the application in a broadband scene is limited;
the introduction of an additional branch structure or a high-low impedance line design to the branch line part of the circuit increases the circuit complexity, which is not favorable for the requirements of simulation design and circuit miniaturization.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present application provide a branch line directional coupler loaded with a defected ground structure, a design method of the branch line directional coupler, and an electronic device.
According to a first aspect of embodiments of the present application, there is provided a branch line directional coupler, comprising:
a first circuit layer having a port transmission line, a coupled line, and a branch line, the port transmission line being connected to each end of the coupled line, the branch line being connected to the coupled line;
a second circuit layer having a defected ground structure corresponding to the branch line position;
and the dielectric layer is arranged between the first circuit layer and the second circuit layer.
In one embodiment, the port transmission lines include a first port sub-transmission line, a second port sub-transmission line, a third port sub-transmission line, and a fourth port sub-transmission line;
the first port sub transmission line, the second port sub transmission line, the third port sub transmission line and the fourth port sub transmission line are distributed in the first circuit layer in mirror symmetry.
In one embodiment, the coupled lines include a first quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line, a second quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line, a third quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line, and a fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line;
a first end of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line and a first end of the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line are directly electrically connected; the first end of the second quarter-wave sub-coupled line and the first end of the fourth quarter-wave sub-coupled line are directly and electrically connected;
the first end of the first port sub-transmission line is connected with the second end of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line, the first end of the second port sub-transmission line is connected with the second end of the second quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line, the first end of the third port sub-transmission line is connected with the second end of the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line, and the first end of the fourth port sub-transmission line is connected with the second end of the fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line.
In one embodiment, the branch line comprises a first sub-branch line, a second sub-branch line and a third sub-branch line;
a first end of the first sub-branch line is connected to a second end of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line, and a second end of the first sub-branch line is connected to a second end of the second quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line;
a first end of the second sub-branch line is connected to a second end of the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line, and a second end of the second sub-branch line is connected to a second end of the fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line;
the first end of the third sub-branch line is connected to the electric connection position of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line and the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line, and the second end of the third sub-branch line is connected to the electric connection position of the second quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line and the fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line.
In one embodiment, the defected ground structure comprises a first defected ground substructure and a second defected ground substructure;
wherein the first and second defective ground sub-structures are formed by etching at the metal ground plane, respectively.
In one embodiment, the defected ground structure corresponds to the branch line position, including:
the first defect ground substructure is located below the center of the first branch line;
the second defect ground substructure is located below a center of the second branch line.
According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided a design method of a branch line directional coupler, including:
forming a first circuit layer on a first side of the dielectric layer, and forming a second circuit layer on a second side of the dielectric layer, wherein the first circuit layer and the second circuit layer are physically isolated from each other;
when the first circuit layer is formed, a port transmission line, a coupling line and a branch line are formed;
forming a defected ground structure when the second circuit layer is formed; the defected ground structure is formed by etching the second circuit layer; and corresponding the defected ground structure to the branch line position.
In one embodiment, the port transmission lines include a first port sub-transmission line, a second port sub-transmission line, a third port sub-transmission line, and a fourth port sub-transmission line;
the first port sub transmission line, the second port sub transmission line, the third port sub transmission line and the fourth port sub transmission line are distributed in the first circuit layer in mirror symmetry.
In one embodiment, the coupled lines include a first quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line, a second quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line, a third quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line, and a fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line;
a first end of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line and a first end of the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line are directly electrically connected; the first end of the second quarter-wave sub-coupled line and the first end of the fourth quarter-wave sub-coupled line are directly and electrically connected;
the first end of the first port sub-transmission line is connected with the second end of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line, the first end of the second port sub-transmission line is connected with the second end of the second quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line, the first end of the third port sub-transmission line is connected with the second end of the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line, and the first end of the fourth port sub-transmission line is connected with the second end of the fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line.
In one embodiment, the branch line comprises a first sub-branch line, a second sub-branch line and a third sub-branch line;
a first end of the first sub-branch line is connected to a second end of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line, and a second end of the first sub-branch line is connected to a second end of the second quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line;
a first end of the second sub-branch line is connected to a second end of the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line, and a second end of the second sub-branch line is connected to a second end of the fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line;
the first end of the third sub-branch line is connected to the electric connection position of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line and the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line, and the second end of the third sub-branch line is connected to the electric connection position of the second quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line and the fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line.
In one embodiment, the defected ground structure comprises a first defected ground substructure and a second defected ground substructure;
the defected ground structure corresponds to the branch line position and comprises:
the first defect ground substructure is located below the center of the first branch line;
the second defect ground substructure is located below a center of the second branch line.
According to a third aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided an electronic device including the branch line directional coupler.
In the embodiment of the application, the defect ground structure is loaded in the design of the branch line structure of the coupler, so that the high characteristic impedance of the branch line under the condition of wide line width is realized, the larger working bandwidth is realized, the multi-line layer structure is adopted, the design method is simple, and the miniaturization and integration design of a circuit is easy to realize.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a branch line directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first circuit layer of a branch line directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second circuit layer of the branch line directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The essence of the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application is explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the application aims at the requirement of high impedance of the branch line of the directional coupler, utilizes the high impedance characteristic of the defected ground structure, and designs and loads the defected ground structure on the part of the high-impedance branch line, so that the characteristic impedance of the high-impedance branch line is further improved on the premise that a wider transmission line can be realized in actual processing, and the design requirement of principle impedance is met. Meanwhile, the physical size of the transmission line can be shortened by utilizing the slow wave effect generated by loading the defected ground structure transmission line, and the miniaturization design of the circuit is facilitated. The directional coupler is simple and easy in design process, compact in Circuit structure, convenient to manufacture by using a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) technology of a double-sided single-layer medium, and low in requirement on Circuit processing precision.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a branch line directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present application, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first circuit layer of a branch line directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present application, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second circuit layer of a branch line directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the branch line directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present application includes:
a first circuit layer 31 having port transmission lines (11a to 11d) connected to respective ends of the coupled lines, coupled lines (12a to 12d) connected to the coupled lines, and branch lines (13a, 13b, 13 c);
a second circuit layer 32, as shown in fig. 2, the second circuit layer 32 having a defected ground structure (21a, 21b) corresponding to the branch line position;
a dielectric layer 33 is disposed between the first circuit layer 31 and the second circuit layer 32.
As shown in fig. 1, the port transmission lines specifically include a first port transmission line 11a, a second port transmission line 11b, a third port transmission line 11c, and a fourth port transmission line 11 d;
as shown in fig. 1, the first port transmission line 11a, the second port transmission line 11b, the third port transmission line 11c, and the fourth port transmission line 11d are mirror-symmetrically distributed in the first circuit layer 31. The four port sub-transmission lines are symmetrical along the horizontal central axis and the vertical central axis.
In some embodiments, the first circuit layer 31 and the second circuit layer 32 are disposed on two opposite planes of the dielectric layer 33, respectively; the dielectric layer 33 is an insulating dielectric layer with electronic component carrying capacity, and is usually made of a material with high dielectric constant and low microwave loss, such as an insulating dielectric layer of a printed circuit board PCB. In some embodiments, the branch line directional coupler structure loaded with defected ground structures can be fabricated based on a double-sided PCB; correspondingly, the forming of the first circuit layer 31 and the second circuit layer 32 may include forming the first circuit layer 31 and the second circuit layer 32 by etching according to the layout of the functional units of the circuit on both sides of the double-sided PCB substrate.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the coupled lines include a first quarter-wave sub-coupled line 12a, a second quarter-wave sub-coupled line 12b, a third quarter-wave sub-coupled line 12c and a fourth quarter-wave sub-coupled line 12 d;
the first end of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line 12a and the first end of the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line 12c are directly electrically connected; the first end of said second quarter-wave sub-coupled line 12b and the first end of said fourth quarter-wave sub-coupled line 12d are directly electrically connected. The first end of the quarter-wave sub-coupling line refers to an end where the quarter-wave sub-coupling lines are butted with each other, and the second end of the quarter-wave sub-coupling line is an end opposite to the first end, that is, an end connected to the port sub-transmission line. As an implementation, the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line 12a and the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line 12c may be integrally formed, and the second quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line 12b and the fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line 12d may be integrally formed. In the embodiment of the present application, the length of the quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line is one quarter of the wavelength of the signal to be processed.
A first end of the first port sub-transmission line 11a is connected to a second end of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line 12a, a first end of the second port sub-transmission line 11b is connected to a second end of the second quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line 12b, a first end of the third port sub-transmission line 11c is connected to a second end of the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line 12c, and a first end of the fourth port sub-transmission line 11d is connected to a second end of the fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line 12 d.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the branch line includes a first sub-branch line 13a, a second sub-branch line 13b, and a third sub-branch line 13 c;
a first end of the first sub-branch line 13a is connected to a second end of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line 12a, and a second end of the first sub-branch line 13a is connected to a second end of the second quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line 12 b;
a first end of the second sub-branch line 13b is connected to a second end of the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line 12c, and a second end of the second sub-branch line 13b is connected to a second end of the fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line 12 d;
a first end of the third sub-branch line 13c is connected to the electrical connection of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line 12a and the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line 12c, and a second end of the third sub-branch line 13c is connected to the electrical connection of the second quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line 12b and the fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line 12 d.
As shown in fig. 3, the defective ground structure includes a first defective ground sub-structure 21a and a second defective ground sub-structure 21 b;
wherein the first defective ground sub-structure 21a and the second defective ground sub-structure 21b are respectively formed by etching at the metal ground plane. In the embodiment of the present application, the second circuit layer 32 forms a metal ground plane, and the metal ground plane is etched to have a size according to the distribution position of the branch line.
In one embodiment, the defected ground structure corresponds to the branch line position, including:
the first defective ground sub-structure 21a is located below the center of the first branch line 13a, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, and the second defective ground sub-structure 21b is located below the center of the second branch line 13 c.
The branch line directional coupler of the embodiment of the application can realize power equal-division coupling by using a coupling mechanism established by branch lines among transmission lines. It is to be understood that, for the working principle of branch line coupling in the embodiment of the present application, a person skilled in the art can understand it based on the definition of the coupler, and details are not described here.
In some embodiments, the defected ground structure of the embodiments of the present application can effectively increase the characteristic impedance of the branch line, so as to realize impedance matching in the design.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the port transmission line, the coupling line, and the branch line may be obtained by performing design etching on the first side of the double-sided PCB substrate.
In particular, in some embodiments, the defective ground structure may be obtained by a design etch of the second side of the double-sided PCB substrate.
In the embodiment of the application, the introduction of the defected ground structure changes the current distribution of the circuit ground layer, introduces extra capacitance and inductance, and realizes high characteristic impedance matching by utilizing a wider transmission line structure so as to realize large working bandwidth.
The action relationship of each part in the working process of the branch line directional coupler loaded with the defected ground structure provided by the embodiment of the application is as follows:
the circuit structure is completely symmetrical, and input signals can be input from any port. The following description takes the input of signals from Port1 as an example: signals are transmitted into the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line 12a and the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line 12c from the first Port sub-transmission line 11a through the Port1, the signals act on the fourth quarter-wavelength coupling line 12d through three branch lines (13a, 13b and 13c) to achieve power equal division, output signals are output from the third Port sub-transmission line 11c and the fourth Port sub-transmission line 11d, the second Port sub-transmission line 11b is an isolation end, and no signal is output.
In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, and fig. 3, the first branch line 13a, the second branch line 13b, the first defective ground structure 21a, and the second defective ground structure 21b are distributed to have a corresponding upper-lower layer position relationship; the branch line and the quarter-wave coupling line are used for converting signals, the port transmission line is used for inputting and outputting signals, and the width of the first sub-branch line and the width of the second sub-branch line can be set to be larger due to the consideration of processing technology; the defected ground structure is positioned in the middle of the branch line and is used for increasing the characteristic impedance of the branch line.
It is understood that in some embodiments, the coupled lines and the branch lines may also be referred to as transmission lines, and the names of the branch lines of the coupled lines in the embodiments of the present application are for the function of each part of the circuit in the signal processing process, and are not intended to specifically limit the scope of the present application.
The embodiment of the present application further describes a design method of a branch line directional coupler, which specifically includes:
forming a first circuit layer on a first side of the dielectric layer, and forming a second circuit layer on a second side of the dielectric layer, wherein the first circuit layer and the second circuit layer are physically isolated from each other;
when the first circuit layer is formed, a port transmission line, a coupling line and a branch line are formed;
forming a defected ground structure when the second circuit layer is formed; the defected ground structure is formed by etching the second circuit layer; and corresponding the defected ground structure to the branch line position.
Wherein the port transmission lines include a first port sub-transmission line, a second port sub-transmission line, a third port sub-transmission line, and a fourth port sub-transmission line;
the first port sub transmission line, the second port sub transmission line, the third port sub transmission line and the fourth port sub transmission line are distributed in the first circuit layer in mirror symmetry.
In the embodiment of the present application, the specific structure of the branch line directional coupler may be as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, where the coupled lines include a first quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line, a second quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line, a third quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line and a fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line;
a first end of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line and a first end of the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line are directly electrically connected; the first end of the second quarter-wave sub-coupled line and the first end of the fourth quarter-wave sub-coupled line are directly and electrically connected;
the first end of the first port sub-transmission line is connected with the second end of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line, the first end of the second port sub-transmission line is connected with the second end of the second quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line, the first end of the third port sub-transmission line is connected with the second end of the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line, and the first end of the fourth port sub-transmission line is connected with the second end of the fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line.
In an embodiment of the present application, the branch line includes a first sub-branch line, a second sub-branch line, and a third sub-branch line;
a first end of the first sub-branch line is connected to a second end of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line, and a second end of the first sub-branch line is connected to a second end of the second quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line;
a first end of the second sub-branch line is connected to a second end of the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line, and a second end of the second sub-branch line is connected to a second end of the fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line;
the first end of the third sub-branch line is connected to the electric connection position of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line and the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line, and the second end of the third sub-branch line is connected to the electric connection position of the second quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line and the fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line.
In an embodiment of the present application, the defected ground structure includes a first defected ground substructure and a second defected ground substructure;
the defected ground structure corresponds to the branch line position and comprises:
the first defect ground substructure is located below the center of the first branch line;
the second defect ground substructure is located below a center of the second branch line.
Specifically, the manufacturing steps of the branch line directional coupler are as follows:
the three-branch directional coupler of the microstrip line structure is designed according to the topology structures shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the length of the transmission line is calculated by the circuit working frequency, the high-impedance transmission line selects a proper value according to the actual processing precision, and since the calculation of the length of the transmission line is made according to the specific working frequency and the impedance requirement, no specific example is given here.
Designing an etching defect ground structure on a circuit metal ground plane right below the two sections of high-impedance branch lines;
adjusting the length and width parameters of the defected ground structure to realize the high characteristic impedance required by theory under the combined action of the defected ground structure and the upper transmission line structure;
the physical length of each level of branch line is shortened by utilizing the slow wave effect generated by the defected ground structure, and meanwhile, the frequency center is ensured;
the whole circuit is adjusted to meet the requirement of the required index.
In the embodiment of the present application, the principle and content are described only by using a branch line directional coupler with a two-stage structure, that is, a three-branch line directional coupler structure, but the technical solution is also applicable to a multi-stage branch line cascade structure. Specifically, the extension of the branch line directional coupler according to the embodiment of the present application can be realized by extending the coupling lines and providing the corresponding branch lines between the coupling lines, and a multi-stage directional coupler with a multi-stage branch line cascade structure can be realized.
In the embodiment of the present application, the defected ground structure may be in various shapes such as a rectangle, a circle, a dumbbell shape, and the like.
The embodiment of the application realizes the microstrip transmission line with higher characteristic impedance on the premise of wider line width, and weakens the limitation of processing precision on the design of a radio frequency circuit. The physical size of the transmission line is shortened by using the slow wave effect generated by loading the defected ground structure, which is beneficial to the miniaturization design of the circuit. Aiming at a general circuit design mode of changing the characteristic impedance only by adjusting the width of the transmission line, the adjustable parameters are expanded to a plurality of parameters, namely, the impedance can be adjusted by the combined action of the width of the transmission line and the parameters of the defected ground structure (taking a rectangular defected ground structure as an example, namely the length and the width of a rectangular graph), so that the transmission line impedance design has higher control precision and lower dependence on the actual circuit processing precision.
The embodiment of the present application further describes an electronic device, in which the branch line directional coupler shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, and fig. 3 is disposed.
The foregoing describes the general principles of the present application in conjunction with specific embodiments, however, it is noted that the advantages, effects, etc. mentioned in the present application are merely examples and are not limiting, and they should not be considered essential to the various embodiments of the present application. Furthermore, the foregoing disclosure of specific details is for the purpose of illustration and description and is not intended to be limiting, since the foregoing disclosure is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise details disclosed.
The block diagrams of devices, apparatuses, systems referred to in this application are only given as illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that the connections, arrangements, configurations, etc. must be made in the manner shown in the block diagrams. These devices, apparatuses, devices, systems may be connected, arranged, configured in any manner, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. Words such as "including," "comprising," "having," and the like are open-ended words that mean "including, but not limited to," and are used interchangeably therewith. The words "or" and "as used herein mean, and are used interchangeably with, the word" and/or, "unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The word "such as" is used herein to mean, and is used interchangeably with, the phrase "such as but not limited to".
It should also be noted that in the devices, apparatuses, and methods of the present application, the components or steps may be decomposed and/or recombined. These decompositions and/or recombinations are to be considered as equivalents of the present application.
The previous description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, the description is not intended to limit embodiments of the application to the form disclosed herein. While a number of example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions and sub-combinations thereof.
Claims (12)
1. A branch line directional coupler, the coupler comprising:
a first circuit layer having a port transmission line, a coupled line, and a branch line, the port transmission line being connected to each end of the coupled line, the branch line being connected to the coupled line;
a second circuit layer having a defected ground structure corresponding to the branch line position;
and the dielectric layer is arranged between the first circuit layer and the second circuit layer.
2. The coupler of claim 1, wherein the port transmission lines include a first port sub-transmission line, a second port sub-transmission line, a third port sub-transmission line, and a fourth port sub-transmission line;
the first port sub transmission line, the second port sub transmission line, the third port sub transmission line and the fourth port sub transmission line are distributed in the first circuit layer in mirror symmetry.
3. The coupler of claim 2, wherein the coupled lines include a first quarter wave sub-coupled line, a second quarter wave sub-coupled line, a third quarter wave sub-coupled line, and a fourth quarter wave sub-coupled line;
a first end of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line and a first end of the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line are directly electrically connected; the first end of the second quarter-wave sub-coupled line and the first end of the fourth quarter-wave sub-coupled line are directly and electrically connected;
the first end of the first port sub-transmission line is connected with the second end of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line, the first end of the second port sub-transmission line is connected with the second end of the second quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line, the first end of the third port sub-transmission line is connected with the second end of the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line, and the first end of the fourth port sub-transmission line is connected with the second end of the fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line.
4. The coupler of claim 3, wherein the branch line includes a first sub-branch line, a second sub-branch line, and a third sub-branch line;
a first end of the first sub-branch line is connected to a second end of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line, and a second end of the first sub-branch line is connected to a second end of the second quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line;
a first end of the second sub-branch line is connected to a second end of the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line, and a second end of the second sub-branch line is connected to a second end of the fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line;
the first end of the third sub-branch line is connected to the electric connection position of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line and the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line, and the second end of the third sub-branch line is connected to the electric connection position of the second quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line and the fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line.
5. The coupler of claim 1, wherein the defected ground structure comprises a first defected ground substructure and a second defected ground substructure;
wherein the first and second defective ground sub-structures are formed by etching at the metal ground plane, respectively.
6. The coupler of claim 5, wherein the defected ground structure corresponds to the branch line location, comprising:
the first defect ground substructure is located below the center of the first branch line;
the second defect ground substructure is located below a center of the second branch line.
7. A method of designing a branch line directional coupler, the method comprising:
forming a first circuit layer on a first side of the dielectric layer, and forming a second circuit layer on a second side of the dielectric layer, wherein the first circuit layer and the second circuit layer are physically isolated from each other;
when the first circuit layer is formed, a port transmission line, a coupling line and a branch line are formed;
forming a defected ground structure when the second circuit layer is formed; the defected ground structure is formed by etching the second circuit layer; and corresponding the defected ground structure to the branch line position.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the port transmission lines comprise a first port sub-transmission line, a second port sub-transmission line, a third port sub-transmission line, and a fourth port sub-transmission line;
the first port sub transmission line, the second port sub transmission line, the third port sub transmission line and the fourth port sub transmission line are distributed in the first circuit layer in mirror symmetry.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the coupled lines comprise a first quarter-wave sub-coupled line, a second quarter-wave sub-coupled line, a third quarter-wave sub-coupled line, and a fourth quarter-wave sub-coupled line;
a first end of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line and a first end of the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line are directly electrically connected; the first end of the second quarter-wave sub-coupled line and the first end of the fourth quarter-wave sub-coupled line are directly and electrically connected;
the first end of the first port sub-transmission line is connected with the second end of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line, the first end of the second port sub-transmission line is connected with the second end of the second quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line, the first end of the third port sub-transmission line is connected with the second end of the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line, and the first end of the fourth port sub-transmission line is connected with the second end of the fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the branch line comprises a first sub-branch line, a second sub-branch line, and a third sub-branch line;
a first end of the first sub-branch line is connected to a second end of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line, and a second end of the first sub-branch line is connected to a second end of the second quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line;
a first end of the second sub-branch line is connected to a second end of the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line, and a second end of the second sub-branch line is connected to a second end of the fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupled line;
the first end of the third sub-branch line is connected to the electric connection position of the first quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line and the third quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line, and the second end of the third sub-branch line is connected to the electric connection position of the second quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line and the fourth quarter-wavelength sub-coupling line.
11. The method of claim 7, wherein the defected ground structure comprises a first defected ground substructure and a second defected ground substructure;
the defected ground structure corresponds to the branch line position and comprises:
the first defect ground substructure is located below the center of the first branch line;
the second defect ground substructure is located below a center of the second branch line.
12. An electronic device comprising the branch line directional coupler of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN115173016B (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2023-08-08 | 郝艺益 | Broadband 3dB branch line directional coupler |
| CN116029251A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-04-28 | 青岛青软晶尊微电子科技有限公司 | Circuit wiring optimization method and device based on circuit performance equalization |
| CN117096567A (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2023-11-21 | 安徽蓝讯通信科技有限公司 | Ultra-wideband strong-coupling high-power coupler and design method thereof |
| CN117096567B (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2024-02-06 | 安徽蓝讯通信科技有限公司 | Ultra-wideband strong-coupling high-power coupler and design method thereof |
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