CN113417937B

CN113417937B - Reconfigurable large-size water-lubricated bearing

Info

Publication number: CN113417937B
Application number: CN202110526470.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王家序; 向果; 韩彦峰; 代海铭; 肖科; 贾航; 王成
Original assignee: Chongqing Benteng Technology Co ltd; Chongqing University; Chongqing University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Chongqing Benteng Technology Co ltd; Chongqing University; Chongqing University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2021-05-14
Filing date: 2021-05-14
Publication date: 2022-05-20
Anticipated expiration: 2041-05-14
Also published as: CN113417937A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ship engineering, and provides a reconfigurable large-size water-lubricated bearing, which comprises at least one bearing unit, wherein the bearing unit comprises a lining and a lining batten, the inner wall of the lining is provided with a plurality of sliding grooves distributed along the circumferential direction, the sliding grooves extend along the axial direction of the lining, the lining batten is detachably arranged in the sliding grooves, and the lining batten comprises at least one rubber alloy batten and at least one composite material batten; when the bearing unit is multiple, the multiple bearing units can be spliced in an axial direction in a reconfigurable mode. According to the invention, the rigidity-flexibility composite bearing is realized by organically arranging the lining plate strips made of different materials in the circumferential direction and the axial direction, so that the comprehensive performance of the whole service working condition interval from starting to rated rotating speed of the large-size water-lubricated bearing is optimal. When the lining plate strip fails due to excessive wear, the whole axial plate strip does not need to be replaced, and the failed plate strip in the water lubrication bearing unit only needs to be replaced, so that the water lubrication lining material is saved, and the maintenance cost is reduced.

Description

Reconfigurable large-size water-lubricated bearing

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ship engineering, in particular to a reconfigurable large-size water-lubricated bearing.

Background

The water lubricating bearing uses engineering composite material to replace noble metal as friction pair material, uses natural water to replace mineral oil as lubricating medium, has the advantages of simple structure, noble metal saving, no pollution and the like, is widely applied to underwater high-end equipment such as ships, submarines, underwater detection robots, shaftless rim propellers and the like, and is also applied to engineering equipment such as steam turbines, air compressors, water pumps, central air-conditioning cooling towers, washing machines and the like. However, with the great demand of the high-end equipment manufacturing industry and the development of the strategic emerging industry, the large-size water-lubricated bearing (the diameter is larger than 1m, and the length exceeds 4m) applied in the ship propulsion system faces increasingly severe service working conditions such as overload starting (the linear speed range is 0-100m/s, the maximum load can reach about 480 tons), nonlinear impact, high power density and the like, so that the water-lubricated bearing has serious problems of serious abrasion, poor reliability, limited service life, large friction noise and the like. Meanwhile, the common contradiction of high precision, high reliability, high bearing capacity and low friction existing in a high-end equipment transmission system is difficult to overcome.

The traditional large-size integrally-formed water-lubricated bearing has various quality problems caused by uneven temperature and pressure during mould pressing vulcanization, such as poor rubber compactness, easy bubble generation, incapability of recycling a brass shell and the like, and the application of the bearing in a high-power ship propulsion system is limited to a certain extent.

Although the existing slat type water-lubricated bearing alleviates the problems to a certain extent, the existing slat type water-lubricated bearing still has the problems of single adaptive working condition, limited service life, high maintenance cost and the like, and specifically comprises the following steps:

1. the friction pair material of the existing large-size slat type water-lubricated bearing is usually made of a single material such as rubber alloy, sialon, ceramic and the like, and cannot fully exert the respective performance advantages of soft and hard water-lubricated materials. In a high-power ship propulsion system, the adaptability to dynamic service environments (such as heavy load start-stop, variable rotating speed and silt water areas) is poor, and the performance requirements of high specific pressure, low noise, eccentric wear resistance, buffering, vibration absorption and the like are difficult to meet.

2. When the existing large-size slat type water lubrication bearing is replaced and maintained, the whole slat needs to be detached, the wear failure of the water lubrication bearing usually occurs on one side of the slat due to the cantilever effect of the propeller, the waste of water lubrication lining materials is undoubtedly caused by replacement of the whole slat when the wear failure is not uniform, and the maintenance cost is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a large-size water-lubricated bearing capable of being reconstructed and realizing rigid-flexible composite bearing, so that the bearing can adapt to dynamic service environments under different working conditions, and has longer service life and lower maintenance cost.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a reconfigurable large-size water-lubricated bearing, which includes at least one bearing unit, wherein the bearing unit includes a bushing and an inner lining strip, the inner wall of the bushing is provided with a plurality of circumferentially distributed sliding grooves, the sliding grooves extend along the axial direction of the bushing, the inner lining strip is detachably mounted in the sliding grooves, and the inner lining strip includes at least one rubber alloy strip and at least one composite material strip;

when the number of the bearing units is plural, the plural bearing units may be connected in an axially reconfigurable manner.

Further, the lining lath comprises at least one rubber alloy lath and at least three composite laths with different materials.

Furthermore, the number of the bearing units is more than or equal to three, and the bearing units are divided into a first bearing unit, a second bearing unit and a third bearing unit according to different positions;

the first bearing unit is positioned at the end part close to one end of the blade, and the lower part of the bushing is provided with the rubber alloy lath in the first bearing unit;

the second bearing unit is positioned at the end part of one end far away from the blade, and the upper part of the bushing is provided with the composite material lath in the second bearing unit;

the third bearing unit is located between the first bearing unit and the second bearing unit, and in the third bearing unit, the lower portion of the bushing is provided with the composite material lath.

Further, when the bearing unit is multiple, in two adjacent bearing units, the end surface of the bush in one of the bearing units is provided with a connecting lug, and the end surface of the bush in the other bearing unit is provided with a connecting groove adapted to the connecting lug.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. compared with a water-lubricated bearing made of a single material, the bearing realizes rigid-flexible composite bearing by organically arranging lining strips made of different materials in a bearing area (usually a partial area 1/3 at the lower part of the bearing), so that the bearing burning and axle holding risks of a large-size water-lubricated rubber alloy bearing during overload starting can be avoided, and the excellent elastohydrodynamic lubricating performance of the large-size water-lubricated rubber alloy bearing during medium-high speed can be fully utilized, so that the comprehensive performance of the whole service interval from starting to rated rotating speed of the large-size water-lubricated bearing is optimal.

2. For a high-power ship propulsion system, composite material battens are arranged in a main bearing area in the middle of a large-size water-lubricated bearing so as to ensure higher bearing capacity; soft (such as rubber alloy) battens are arranged at the pressure relief positions of the water films on the two sides, and the deflection resistance is ensured through the self-adaptive coordinated deformation of the end parts, so that the contradiction between high bearing capacity and coordinated deformation is coordinated.

3. By the axial arbitrary connection of the reconfigurable water-lubricated bearing units, the water-lubricated bearing with any length-diameter ratio can be realized theoretically, the possibility is provided for manufacturing ultra-large water-lubricated bearings, and a certain solution is provided for overcoming the manufacturing difficulty of large-size water-lubricated bearings (such as aircraft carrier water-lubricated bearing technology).

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the detailed description of the invention or the prior art will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.

Fig. 1 is a front view of a bearing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along plane A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a front view of a reconfigurable large-scale water-lubricated bearing provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a half sectional view of FIG. 3;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of three loading schemes according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the results of analysis of the total bearing force for three bearing schemes;

FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the results of an analysis of contact loads for three load bearing scenarios;

FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the axial contact pressure 3D distribution for three load bearing schemes;

reference numerals:

10. a bushing; 11. a chute; 12. a connection bump; 13. a connecting groove; 14. a flange plate; 21. a rubber alloy strip; 211. a rubber lining layer; 212. a slat base; 22. a composite panel; 221. a composite material lath I; 222. a composite panel II; 223. a composite panel III; 100. a first bearing unit; 200. a second bearing unit; 300. a third bearing unit; 400. a first retainer ring; 500. and a second retainer ring.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can include, for example, fixed connections, removable connections, or integral parts; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides a reconfigurable large-sized water-lubricated bearing, which includes at least one bearing unit, and when the bearing unit is multiple, the multiple bearing units can be spliced in the axial direction.

The bearing unit comprises a bush 10 and a lining strip, wherein the bush 10 is made of alloy or brass, and the inner wall of the bush 10 is provided with a plurality of sliding grooves 11 distributed along the circumferential direction. The sliding grooves 11 are generally uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the bushing 10, the sliding grooves 11 extend along the axial direction of the bushing 10 and penetrate through the bushing 10 along the axial direction, the number of the sliding grooves 11 is 2-20, and the cross section of each sliding groove 11 can be a rectangular groove, a trapezoidal groove or a dovetail groove. The lining panels are detachably mounted in the slide groove 11, preferably fixed in the slide groove 11 by interference fit. Since the number of runners 11 is at least 2, at least one of the lining panels is a rubber alloy panel 21 and at least one of the lining panels is a composite panel 22, of the at least 2 lining panels. The rubber alloy strip 21 is made by vulcanization bonding a rubber lining 211 to a strip base 212.

The bearing unit shown in fig. 1 and 2 has 8 runners 11, of which 2 runners 11 are fitted with rubber alloy strips 21 and the remaining 6 runners 11 are fitted with composite strips 22. The rubber alloy strip 21 has good shock absorbing, vibration damping, deformation coordinating and silencing effects, but its load bearing capacity is limited. The composite material lath 22 has more excellent tribological performance at the initial stage of overload starting, but the elastohydrodynamic lubrication performance and the impact resistance are weaker than those of the rubber alloy lath 21 due to the poor capability of coordinated deformation at the medium-high speed stage, so the medium-high frequency friction noise suppression capability is poor. The composite material may be sialon, ceramic, PK, etc. Therefore, the reconfigurable water lubricated bearing unit integrating the multiple material property slats shown in fig. 1 and 2 provides the possibility of fully exploiting the performance advantages of different water lubricated materials.

Compared with a water-lubricated bearing made of a single material, the embodiment realizes rigid-flexible composite bearing by organically arranging the battens made of different materials in the bearing area (usually, the part area of the lower part 1/3 of the bearing), so that on one hand, the risk of bearing burning and axle holding of the large-size water-lubricated rubber alloy bearing during overload starting can be avoided, on the other hand, the excellent elastohydrodynamic lubrication performance of the large-size water-lubricated rubber alloy bearing during medium-high speed can be fully utilized, and the comprehensive performance of the whole service interval from starting to rated rotating speed of the large-size water-lubricated bearing can be optimized.

The large-size water-lubricated bearing shown in fig. 3 and 4 is formed by splicing 3 bearing units in the axial direction, the two ends of the bearing units axially position the plate strips through a first retaining ring 400 and a second retaining ring 500 which are provided with bolt holes, one bearing unit at one end is provided with a flange plate 14, and the flange plate 14 is fixedly connected with the first retaining ring 400 through bolts. Preferably, in two adjacent bearing units, the end surface of the bush 10 in one bearing unit is provided with a connecting projection 12, and the end surface of the bush 10 in the other bearing unit is provided with a connecting groove 13 adapted to the connecting projection 12. For a single bearing unit, the number of the connection protrusions 12 is at least two, and the connection grooves 13 are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the connection protrusions 12. The coupling projections 12 are inserted into the corresponding coupling grooves 13, so that the coupling of the plurality of bearing units can be conveniently accomplished. In fact, depending on the axial connection number and the outer diameter size of the water-lubricated bearing units, the water-lubricated bearing can be reconstructed into any size according to actual requirements, and therefore, an alternative scheme is provided for manufacturing the water-lubricated bearing of the high-power ship propulsion system.

In one embodiment, the lining strips in the bearing unit comprise at least one strip 21 of rubber alloy and at least three strips 22 of composite material of different materials. In the bearing unit shown in fig. 1 and 2, 2 of the 8 runners 11 are provided with rubber alloy strips 21, and the remaining 6 runners 11 are provided with 3 pairs of composite strips of different material properties (modulus of elasticity, hardness and poisson's ratio), each pair of composite strips occupying two adjacent runners 11, and the 2 rubber alloy strips 21 are also arranged adjacently. The composite slats 22 of the 3 different material properties are respectively designated as composite slat I221, composite slat II222, and composite slat III 223. The preferred relationship of the modulus of elasticity for the 3 composite slats 22 is: the composite material slat I221 > composite material slat II222 > composite material slat III223, and the positional relationship of the rubber alloy slats 21 and the 3 composite material slats is shown in fig. 2, a pair of rubber alloy slats 21 are located on the left side of the bush 10, a pair of composite material slats I221 are located on the upper portion of the bush 10, a pair of composite material slats II222 are located on the lower portion of the bush 10, and a pair of composite material slats III223 are located on the right side of the bush 10.

The strip arrangement shown in fig. 2 combines large-size water-lubricated bearing deflection resistance, impact resistance and load-bearing capacity. The bearing scheme is suitable for the application condition that the rotor rotates anticlockwise. The ability of resisting horizontal impact is improved by arranging soft water lubricating materials (rubber alloy strips and composite material strips III223) in the horizontal direction. Since the water-lubricated bearing, in which the rotor rotates counterclockwise, has a lower resistance to horizontal left impact than to horizontal right impact, a softer rubber alloy strip is disposed at the left of the bearing. The composite material lath I221 with a large elastic modulus is arranged at the upper part of the bearing, so that the inclination of the rotor along the axial direction can be limited to the maximum extent, and the deflection resistance of the water lubrication bearing is ensured. The slat arrangement shown in fig. 2 achieves a combined optimum between deflection resistance, impact resistance and load-bearing capacity.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, when the number of bearing units is equal to or greater than three, the bearing units are divided into a first bearing unit 100, a second bearing unit 200, and a third bearing unit 300 according to the position. Wherein the first bearing unit 100 is located at the end near one end of the blade, the second bearing unit 200 is located at the end far from one end of the blade, and the third bearing unit 300 is located between the first bearing unit 100 and the second bearing unit 200. In the first bearing unit 100, a rubber alloy strip 21 is provided at a lower portion of the bush 10. In the second bearing unit 200, the upper portion of the bush 10 is provided with a composite material lath. In the third bearing unit 300, a composite material lath is provided at a lower portion of the bushing 10.

According to the elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory, two ends of the water lubricated bearing are water film dynamic pressure relief areas, and the middle part along the axial direction is a main water film dynamic pressure generating area. Therefore, the bearing region of the water lubricated bearing is mainly located at the middle portion in the axial direction. In the application working condition of large external load, the composite material lath can be placed at the bottom of the middle water-lubricated bearing unit so as to ensure the bearing capacity of the water-lubricated bearing. In a high-power ship propulsion system, the cantilever action of a propeller enables a bearing interface to bear uneven load, one end close to a blade is seriously abraded, and a water lubrication lath is scrapped in advance. In order to ensure that the water-lubricated bearing has certain deflection resistance in the axial direction so as to reduce abrasion, the rubber alloy lath 21 is placed at the lower part of the first bearing unit 100, and the composite material lath is placed at the upper part of the second bearing unit 200, so that the maximum deflection is limited, and the coordinated deformation capability of the water-lubricated bearing is ensured. On the other hand, since the large-sized water-lubricated bearing of the embodiment is formed by connecting the water-lubricated bearing units, when the inner lining lath fails due to excessive wear, the replacement of the whole lath along the axial direction is not needed, and only the failed lath in the water-lubricated bearing unit needs to be replaced. Therefore, the water lubricating lining material is saved, and the maintenance cost is reduced.

In the invention, a water lubricating rubber alloy bearing mode is selected, and the risk of bearing burning and axle locking is faced in the initial starting stage. Although the load-bearing mode of the composite material can avoid the risks to a certain extent, the superior elastohydrodynamic lubrication performance and the buffering and vibration absorption capacity of the rubber alloy material due to the water sac effect at medium and high speeds are lost. In order to fully exert the advantages of the rubber alloy material and the composite material in different speed sections in a high-power ship propulsion system, the invention adopts the idea of rigid-flexible composite bearing, and coordinates the performance advantages of the rubber alloy lath 21 and the composite material in low-speed and medium-high speed sections by organically recombining laths with different material properties in the axial direction, so that the comprehensive performance of the large-size water-lubricated bearing can reach the optimum within a wide speed range. As shown in fig. 1, in a single bearing unit with 8 runners 11, a corresponding number of load-bearing solutions results from the difference in the respective number and mounting position of the rubber alloy strip 21, the composite material strip I, the composite material strip II and the composite material strip III. With an increasing number of connected bearing units, such as 3 bearing units in fig. 2, the load bearing solution grows exponentially. According to the lubricating theory and the material knowledge, different application scenes are combined, and the optimal rigid-flexible composite bearing scheme can be freely selected.

The invention provides an application case sample analysis, which comprises the following steps:

in a marine propulsion system, the shaft is normally in an out of alignment condition within the water lubricated bearings, tilting to one side of the propeller, due to the cantilever action of the propeller. Fig. 5 shows three bearer schemes: (1) high flexibility bears; (2) high rigidity bearing; (3) and carrying rigid-flexible composite load. In order to verify the superiority of the reconfigurable rigid-flexible composite bearing provided by the invention, the mixed lubrication comparative analysis is carried out according to the parameters of the following compression ratio model.

TABLE 1 scaling model parameters

Fig. 6 is a comparison graph of the analysis results of the total bearing capacity of the three bearing schemes, and it can be seen from fig. 6 that the bearing capacity of the high-flexibility bearing scheme is the lowest, and the bearing capacity of the high-rigidity bearing scheme is not much different from that of the rigid-flexible composite bearing scheme under the same eccentricity. This shows that the addition of rigid load bearing slats to a purely flexible load bearing can increase its load bearing capacity at higher eccentricities.

Fig. 7 is a comparison graph of the analysis results of the contact load of the three bearing schemes, and from fig. 7, although superior bearing capacity can be obtained by high rigidity bearing, the contact effect under the deflection rotor is obvious. Furthermore, although a high compliant load may achieve superior resistance to rotor deflection, the load bearing capability is inferior to that of a high rigid load bearing solution. However, the rigid-flexible composite bearing scheme formed by axial organic reconfiguration has the axial rotor deflection resistance while the bearing capacity is ensured. Thus, for large-sized water-lubricated bearings used in high-power marine propulsion systems, optimal service performance of the water-lubricated bearing can be achieved by organically reforming strips having different material properties in the load-bearing region (typically, the region of the lower portion 1/3 of the bearing).

FIG. 8 is a comparison graph of axial contact pressure 3D distribution of three bearing schemes under an external load of 2000N and a working condition of 1500r/min, and as shown in FIG. 8, the contact distribution area of the high-rigidity bearing is obviously larger than that of a rigid-flexible composite bearing and flexible bearing mode. In conclusion, the rigid-flexible composite bearing scheme has the advantages of both the high-rigidity bearing scheme and the high-flexibility bearing scheme.

In the description of the present invention, numerous specific details are set forth. It is understood, however, that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.

Claims

1. A reconfigurable large-size water-lubricated bearing is characterized in that: the bearing unit comprises a bushing and an inner lining lath, wherein the inner wall of the bushing is provided with a plurality of sliding grooves distributed along the circumferential direction, the sliding grooves extend along the axial direction of the bushing, the inner lining lath is detachably arranged in the sliding grooves, the inner lining lath comprises at least one rubber alloy lath and at least one composite lath, the rubber alloy lath is made by vulcanizing and bonding a rubber lining on a lath base, and the composite lath is made of one of sialon, ceramic or PK; when the bearing unit is a plurality of bearing units, the plurality of bearing units can be reconstructed along the axial direction;

the number of the bearing units is more than or equal to three, and the bearing units are divided into a first bearing unit, a second bearing unit and a third bearing unit according to different positions;

2. The reconfigurable large-size water-lubricated bearing according to claim 1, wherein: the inner slats include at least one rubber alloy slat and at least three composite slats having different material properties.

3. The reconfigurable large-size water-lubricated bearing according to claim 1, wherein: when the bearing unit is a plurality of bearing units, in two adjacent bearing units, the end surface of the bush in one of the bearing units is provided with a connecting lug, and the end surface of the bush in the other bearing unit is provided with a connecting groove adapted to the connecting lug.