CN113412880A - Stacking production process for preparing hypha protein feed from straws - Google Patents
Stacking production process for preparing hypha protein feed from straws Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113412880A CN113412880A CN202110768784.2A CN202110768784A CN113412880A CN 113412880 A CN113412880 A CN 113412880A CN 202110768784 A CN202110768784 A CN 202110768784A CN 113412880 A CN113412880 A CN 113412880A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fermentation
- straws
- straw
- pile
- feed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001338 necrotic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007836 KH2PO4 Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000302587 Macrocybe gigantea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010565 inoculated fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulphate Substances [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001327634 Agaricus blazei Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000006248 Broussonetia kazinoki Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000234623 Coprinus comatus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004439 Coprinus comatus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001313708 Dictyophora phalloidea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000628997 Flos Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008397 Ganoderma lucidum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000001637 Ganoderma lucidum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000000249 Morus alba Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008708 Morus alba Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000001462 Pleurotus ostreatus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000001603 Pleurotus ostreatus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003434 Sesamum indicum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014698 Brassica juncea var multisecta Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 240000000385 Brassica napus var. napus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000006618 Brassica rapa subsp oleifera Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 208000008425 Protein deficiency Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 244000000231 Sesamum indicum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010907 stover Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241001052560 Thallis Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 10
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 10
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 6
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000121220 Tricholoma matsutake Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001313734 Dictyophora Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000040738 Sesamum orientale Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000121219 Tricholoma Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a stacking method production process for preparing hypha protein feed from straws, which relates to the field of feed development and processing, and comprises the steps of strain selection, straw crushing, fermented material preparation, fermented stack arrangement, strain inoculation, fermentation management and dry storage; the method and the process are simple and easy to implement, the screened hypha of the straws is fermented, the nutritional ingredients of the straws are obviously improved, the process adopts protein efficient strains, the hypha protein feed is produced by a fermentation heap fermentation technology, the nutrition and the palatability of the straws are improved, the feeding value of the straws can be greatly improved, the income of the planting industry is increased, the gap of the protein feed is made up, and the selected strain mycelium is rich in thalli polysaccharide and has the effect of obviously improving the immunity of animals, so that the resistance-free or resistance-reducing development and the agricultural ecological cycle transformation of the breeding industry are promoted, and the method and the process are worthy of popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological feed development and processing, in particular to a stacking production process for preparing a hypha protein feed from straws.
Background
The agricultural production in China produces about 8 hundred million tons of straws every year. The straws are important products of agricultural production, but the prior agricultural production only obtains main products of fruit parts, and the straws are used as byproducts at present and are incinerated, discarded or returned to the field, used for preparing methane, compressed granular fuel and the like. However, straw is also rich in carbohydrates compared to its fruit, and its ingredients are close despite its different nutritional proportions. Approximately every 4 tons of straw corresponds to 1 ton of grain. If a method can be found, the method can improve the useful nutrient content of the straw, degrade and remove the components which are not beneficial to animal digestion, thereby adjusting the nutrient content of the straw, improving the palatability, and transforming the straw into the feed suitable for animal feeding, the method must greatly improve the utilization value of the straw, eliminate the source of agricultural pollution, promote the development of animal husbandry to move towards a grain saving mode, ensure the national grain safety, and have great significance for killing multiple birds with one stone.
In view of the above problems, we propose a stacking production process for preparing hypha protein feed from straw.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a stacking method production process for preparing hypha protein feed from straws, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a stacking production process for preparing hypha protein feed from straws comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing strains: the strain can enhance the content of mycoprotein and amino acid in the straws, degrade lignin and crude fiber, and improve the palatability and the nutritional structure of the straws, is used for fermenting the straws to prepare the hypha protein feed for later use;
s2: crushing and preparing the straws: naturally drying the straws, and then crushing the dried straws into chips with the size of sawdust of a matchstick by a straw crusher for later use;
s3: preparing a fermentation material: adding nutrient salt according to dry matters in a proportion: 0-550g/t of (NH)4)2SO40-1300g/t MgSO40-250g/t KH2PO4And 0-650g/t of CaCl2Adding clear water, mixing, adjusting the humidity of the fermented material to about 65%, and stacking into 1.2-1.5m wide and 1-1.2m highCovering and sealing the material pile with any length for 14-16 days until the material pile is cooled for later use;
s4: arranging a fermentation pile: loosening the fermentation material piled in the S3 to ensure the fermentation material to be loose and breathable and keep the maximum clearance, and laying the fermentation material on the ground paved with the mulching film, wherein the width of the fermentation material is 1.3-1.5m, the height of the fermentation material is 10-15cm, and the fermentation material has any length;
s5: inoculating strains: breaking the strain solid fermentation cultivar in S1 into pieces of 0.5-1.5cm square, uniformly scattering the pieces on the surface of a fermentation pile, observing the humidity of the fermentation pile, if the humidity is lower than 60%, properly supplementing water by a sprinkler to ensure that the humidity of the fermentation pile is about 65%, and then covering a mulching film on the inoculated fermentation pile without sealing to ensure that the fermentation pile is ventilated;
the S4 and the S5 can also be combined into a whole, and the broken strains and the fermentation material are uniformly mixed and then stacked into a fermentation pile with the specification of S4; in order to save the fermentation space, the fermentation material mixed with the strains can be contained in a barrel with the diameter not more than 30cm and the outer wall with vent holes and unlimited height to form a column-shaped fermentation pile.
S6: fermentation management: fermenting at 20-28 deg.C for about 30-40 days while maintaining 60-65% humidity for 3-4 days, observing strain revival condition, and growing bacterial floss around the broken strain to obtain strain revival; if necrotic masses are found, timely reseeding is needed, and mildewed masses need to be removed timely; when the fermentation is carried out for 25 to 30 days, the hypha grows over the fermentation pile and is filled with all gaps formed among the straw fermentation material fragments; checking the softening degree of the straws in 30-40 days, kneading the straw fragments after the fermentation is mature, making the straw fragments soft in hand feeling, and kneading the straw fragments into filaments, wherein the straw fragments smell fresh and sweet fungus fragrance, which indicates that the fermentation is basically finished, most of newly grown hyphae are pure white, a small amount of early grown hyphae are aged and yellow, and the hyphae are dissolved out of water;
s7: and (3) drying and storing: after the straw fermentation is finished for 25-40 days, the fermented product is scattered, dried in the sun or in the oven, and then bagged for storage, so that the straw fermented feed can be prepared.
Preferably, the strain in S1 is a solid fermentation cultivar of tricholoma giganteum, agaricus blazei, coprinus comatus, dictyophora phalloidea, ganoderma lucidum, oyster mushroom, and the like, which have a strong and rapid degradation capability on cellulose and lignin.
Preferably, in S2, the stalks are mainly corn stalks, corn cobs, sorghum stalks, rice straws, rice hulls, rape stalks, mulberry branches, paper mulberry branches, cotton stalks, cottonseed hulls, bean stalks, bean hulls, peanut stalks, peanut hulls, sweet potato vines, sesame stalks, sunflower stalks, melon vines, vegetable stalks, old vegetable buns, fruit peels, and the like.
Preferably, the natural drying time of the straws in the S2 is 5-7d, and the water content of the dried straws is lower than 10%.
Preferably, the straw fermented feed obtained in the step S7 can be directly prepared into pellet feed by using a granulator, or can be ground into powder by using a pulverizer, and then the powder is uniformly mixed with corn flour and prepared into pellet feed by using a granulator.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the process is simple, convenient and feasible, the cost is low, the nutritional ingredients of the straws are obviously improved after hypha fermentation in the process, the process adopts protein efficient strains, hypha protein feed is produced by a fermentation heap fermentation technology, the nutrition and the palatability of the straws are improved, the feeding value of the straws can be greatly improved, the agricultural and plant income is increased, the gap of the protein feed is made up, the resistance-free or resistance-reduced development and the agricultural ecological cycle transformation of the breeding industry are promoted, and the process is worthy of popularization.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a stacking production process for preparing hypha protein feed from corn straws comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing strains: the strain with strong capability of rapidly degrading straw crude fiber and lignin is selected, can enhance the content of straw mycoprotein and amino acid and improve the palatability and the nutritional structure of the straw, and is used for fermenting the straw to prepare the hypha protein feed for later use;
s2: crushing corn straws: naturally drying corn straws, and then crushing the dried corn straws into chips with the size of a matchstick by a straw crusher for later use;
s3: preparing a fermentation material: adding nutrient salt according to dry matters in a proportion: 450g/t of (NH)4)2SO4500g/t MgSO4KH of 100g/t2PO4And 300g/t of CaCl2Adding clear water, mixing, adjusting the humidity of the fermented material to 63%, stacking into stacks with width of 1.2m, height of 1m and arbitrary length, covering and sealing for 14 days until the temperature of the stacks is cooled for later use;
s4: arranging a fermentation pile: loosening the fermentation material piled in the S3 to ensure the fermentation material to be loose and breathable and keep the maximum clearance, and paving the fermentation material on the ground paved with the mulching film, wherein the width of the fermentation material is 1.3m, the height of the fermentation material is 10cm, and the length of the fermentation material is 15 m;
s5: inoculating strains: breaking the strain solid fermentation cultivar in S1 into 1.0 cm-square fragments, uniformly scattering the fragments on the surface of a fermentation pile, observing the humidity of the fermentation pile, if the humidity is lower than 60%, properly supplementing water by a sprinkler to ensure that the humidity of the fermentation pile is about 63%, and then covering a mulching film on the inoculated fermentation pile without sealing to ensure that the fermentation pile is ventilated;
s6: fermentation management: at the normal temperature of 25 ℃, the fermentation time is 30 days, the fermentation pile needs to be ensured to be ventilated in the fermentation process, the humidity is kept at 63 percent, inoculation is carried out for 3 days, the strain revival condition is observed, and the bacterial velvet grows on the periphery of the broken pieces of the strain, namely the strain revival; if necrotic fungus blocks are found, timely reseeding is needed, mildew fungus blocks are found and removed in time, hyphae basically grow on the surface of a fermentation pile and extend below the fermentation pile in 15-20 days, the hyphae grow on the fermentation pile and fill all gaps formed among the corn stalk fermentation material fragments in 25-30 days of fermentation, the corn fragments are pinched by hands in 30 days, the hand feeling is soft, the corn fragments can be pinched into filaments, the fermentation is basically finished, most of newly grown hyphae are pure white, a small amount of early grown hyphae are aged and yellow, and water is dissolved out automatically;
s7: and (3) drying and storing: after the corn straw fermentation is finished for 30 days, the fermentation product is scattered, dried in the sun and then bagged for storage, and the corn straw fermented feed can be prepared.
Further, the strain in S1 is a tricholoma matsutake strain having a strong ability to degrade cellulose and lignin, and is a solid fermentation tricholoma matsutake cultivar.
Furthermore, the natural drying time of the corn straws in the S2 is 5 days, and the water content of the dried corn straws is lower than 10%.
Further, the corn straw fermented feed obtained in the S7 can be directly made into pellet feed by using a granulator and used for cattle, sheep and fish feeds, or can be ground into powder by using a pulverizer and then uniformly mixed with corn flour, and then the powder is made into pellet feed by using the granulator and used for cattle, sheep, pigs, fish and poultry feeds.
Example 2:
a stacking production process for preparing a hypha protein feed from cotton straws comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing strains: the strain with the capabilities of obviously enhancing the content of mycoprotein and amino acid of the straw and improving the palatability and the nutritional structure of the straw is selected from the tricholoma hainanense mycelium and is used for fermenting cotton stalks to prepare a mycelium protein feed for later use;
s2: crushing cotton stalks: naturally drying cotton stalks in the sun, and then crushing the dried cotton stalks into sawdust-shaped chips by a straw crusher for later use;
s3: preparing a fermentation material: adding nutrient salt according to dry matters in a proportion: 150g/t of (NH)4)2SO41000g/t MgSO 10004500g/t KH2PO4And 400g/t of CaCl2Adding clear water, mixing, adjusting the humidity of the fermented material to 65%, stacking into stacks with width of 1.5m, height of 1m and arbitrary length, covering and sealing for 15 days until the temperature of the stacks is cooled for later use;
s4: mixing strains: breaking the strain solid fermentation cultivar in the S1 into 0.5cm square fragments, stirring with the S3 fermentation material, mixing the strain and the fermentation material uniformly, observing the humidity of the fermentation material, and if the humidity is lower than 60%, adding water by a sprinkler moderately to ensure that the humidity of the fermentation material is 65%.
S5: arranging a fermentation pile: loosening the fermented material mixed in the step S4 to ensure the fermented material to be loose and breathable and keep the maximum clearance, and then paving the fermented material on the ground paved with the mulching film, wherein the width of the fermented material is 1.5m, the height of the fermented material is 12cm, and the maximum clearance is any 15 m; then covering a mulching film on the fermentation pile without sealing, so as to ensure the ventilation of the fermentation pile;
s6: fermentation management: at the normal temperature of 27 ℃, the fermentation time is 40 days, the fermentation pile needs to be ensured to be ventilated in the fermentation process, the humidity is kept at 65 percent, the inoculation is carried out for 4 days, the strain revival condition is observed, and the bacterial velvet grows on the periphery of the broken pieces of the strain, namely the strain revival; if necrotic fungus blocks are found, timely reseeding is needed, mildew fungus blocks are found and timely removed, hyphae basically grow on the surface of a fermentation pile and extend below the fermentation pile in 15-20 days, the hyphae grow on the fermentation pile and fill all gaps formed among cotton stalk fermentation material fragments in 25-30 days of fermentation, the fermentation material cotton stalk fragments are pinched by hands in 40 days, the hand feeling is soft, the cotton stalk fragments are changed into filaments, and the fermentation is basically finished. Most of newly grown hyphae are pure white, and a small amount of early grown hyphae are aged and yellow and dissolve out water automatically;
s7: and (3) drying and storing: after the rape stalk fermentation is finished after 40 days, scattering the fermentation product, drying by a dryer, and then bagging and storing to obtain the cotton stalk fermented feed.
Further, the strain in S1 is a tricholoma giganteum strain in hainan with strong degradation capability to cellulose and lignin, and is a solid fermentation cultivated species.
Furthermore, the natural drying time of the cotton stalks in the S2 is 7 days, and the moisture content of the dried cotton stalks is lower than 10%.
Further, the cotton stalk fermented feed obtained in the step S7 can be directly made into pellet feed by using a granulator and used as feed for cattle, sheep and fish, or can be ground into powder by using a pulverizer and then uniformly mixed with corn flour, and then made into pellet feed by using the granulator and used as feed for cattle, sheep, pigs, fish and poultry.
Example 3:
a stacking production process for preparing a hypha protein feed from soybean stalks comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing strains: selecting a strain which has stronger capacity of degrading cellulose and lignin, can enhance the content of mycoprotein and amino acid of the straws and improves the palatability and the nutritional structure of the straws, and is used for fermenting the straws to prepare a hypha protein feed for later use;
s2: crushing soybean stalks: naturally drying the soybean stalks, and then crushing the dried soybean stalks into chips with the size of matchsticks by a stalk crusher for later use;
s3: preparing a fermentation material: adding nutrient salt according to dry matters in a proportion: 550g/t (NH)4)2SO41300g/t MgSO 13004250g/t KH2PO4And 650g/t of CaCl2Adding clear water, mixing, adjusting the humidity of the fermented material to 64%, stacking into stacks with width of 1.4m, height of 1.2m and arbitrary length, covering and sealing for 16 days until the temperature of the stacks is cooled for later use;
s4: mixing strains: breaking the strain solid fermentation cultivar in the S1 into 0.5cm square fragments, stirring with the S3 fermentation material, mixing the strain and the fermentation material uniformly, observing the humidity of the fermentation material, and if the humidity is lower than 60%, adding water by a sprinkler moderately to ensure that the humidity of the fermentation material is 65%.
S5: arranging fermentation columns: loosening the fermented material mixed in the step S4 to ensure the fermented material to be loose and breathable and keep the maximum clearance, then putting the mixed material into a stainless steel drum with the diameter of 30cm and the outer wall perforated with breathable holes with the height of 2m, and then perforating a hollow cylinder with the diameter of 5cm along the axis of the cylinder to ensure the ventilation of the fermentation column;
s6: fermentation management: at the normal temperature of 25 ℃, the fermentation time is 25 days, the fermentation pile needs to be ensured to be ventilated in the fermentation process, the humidity is kept at 64 percent, inoculation is carried out for 3 days, the strain revival condition is observed, and the bacterial velvet grows on the periphery of the broken pieces of the strain, namely the strain revival; if necrotic fungus blocks are found, timely reseeding is needed, mildew fungus blocks are found to be timely removed, hyphae basically grow on the surface of a fermentation pile and extend below the fermentation pile in 15-20 days, the hyphae grow on the fermentation pile and fill all gaps formed among straw fermentation material fragments in 25 days of fermentation, the fermentation material is formed into blocks, soybean stalks are pinched by hands to be soft in hand feeling and are crushed into powder, the fermentation is basically finished, most of newly grown hyphae are pure white, a small amount of early grown hyphae are aged to be yellow, and water is dissolved out automatically;
s7: and (3) drying and storing: after the soybean stalks are fermented for 25 days, the fermented product is scattered, dried in the sun or in a baking mode, and then bagged and stored to obtain the soybean stalk fermented feed.
Further, the strain in S1 is a dictyophora strain having strong degradation capability to cellulose and lignin, and is a solid fermentation cultivated species.
Furthermore, the natural drying time of the soybean stalks in the S2 is 7 days, and the water content of the dried soybean stalks is lower than 10%.
Further, the fermented soybean stalk feed obtained in the step S7 can be directly prepared into pellet feed by using a granulator and used as feed for cattle, sheep and fish, or can be prepared into pellet feed by using a pulverizer and grinding the pellet feed into powder, then the powder is uniformly mixed with corn flour, and the mixture is prepared into pellet feed by using the granulator and used as feed for cattle, sheep, pigs, fish and poultry.
The above three groups of embodiments can be used as the embodiments of the invention, wherein the embodiment 1 is the most preferable; in the scheme of the invention, after hypha fermentation, the nutrient components of the straw are obviously improved, and the crude protein, total sugar, lignin and crude fiber are adjusted to 7-15%, 30-37%, 5-12% and 30-35% in terms of dry basis from 4-6%, 25-30%, 15-20% and 35-40%. Wherein, the total sugar is mainly thalli polysaccharide, the total amount of amino acid is up to 6-12%, and the variety of amino acid is complete; the process is simple and easy to implement, the nutritional ingredients of the straws are obviously improved after hypha fermentation in the process, the process adopts protein efficient strains, hypha protein feed is produced by a fermentation heap fermentation technology, the nutrition and palatability of the straws are improved, the feeding value of the straws can be greatly improved, the income of agricultural planting is increased, the gap of the protein feed is made up, the resistance-free or resistance-reduced development and the agricultural ecological cycle transformation of the breeding industry are promoted, and the process is worthy of popularization.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A stacking production process for preparing hypha protein feed from straws is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preparing strains: the strain can enhance the content of mycoprotein, amino acid and polysaccharide in the straws and improve the palatability and the nutritional structure of the straws, and is used for fermenting the straws to prepare the hypha protein feed for later use;
s2: crushing straws: naturally drying the straws, and then crushing the dried straws into saw-dust-shaped chips by a straw crusher for later use;
s3: preparing a fermentation material: adding nutrient salt according to dry matters in a proportion: 0-550g/t of (NH)4)2SO40-1300g/t MgSO40-250g/t KH2PO4And 0-650g/t of CaCl2Adding clear water, mixing, adjusting the humidity of the fermented material to about 65%, stacking into a pile with width of 1.2-1.5m and height of 1-1.2m and arbitrary length, covering and sealing for 14-16 days until the temperature of the pile is cooled for later use;
s4: arranging a fermentation pile: loosening the fermentation material piled in the S3 to ensure the fermentation material to be loose and breathable and keep the maximum clearance, and laying the fermentation material on the ground paved with the mulching film, wherein the width of the fermentation material is 1.3-1.5m, the height of the fermentation material is 10-15cm, and the fermentation material has any length;
s5: inoculating strains: breaking the strain solid fermentation cultivar in S1 into pieces of 0.5-1.5cm square, uniformly scattering the pieces on the surface of a fermentation pile, observing the humidity of the fermentation pile, if the humidity is lower than 60%, properly supplementing water by a sprinkler to ensure that the humidity of the fermentation pile is about 65%, and then covering a mulching film on the inoculated fermentation pile without sealing to ensure that the fermentation pile is ventilated;
the S4 and the S5 can also be combined into a whole, and the broken strains and the fermentation material are uniformly mixed and then stacked into a fermentation pile with the specification of S4; in order to save the fermentation space, the fermentation material mixed with the strains can be contained in a barrel with the diameter not more than 30cm and the outer wall with vent holes and unlimited height to form a column-shaped fermentation pile.
S6: fermentation management: fermenting at 20-28 deg.C for about 30-40 days while maintaining 60-65% humidity for 3-4 days, observing strain revival condition, and growing bacterial floss around the broken strain to obtain strain revival; if necrotic masses are found, timely reseeding is needed, and mildewed masses need to be removed timely; when the fermentation is carried out for 25 to 30 days, the hypha grows over the fermentation pile and is filled with all gaps formed among the straw fermentation material fragments; checking the softening degree of the straws in 30-40 days, kneading the straw fragments after the fermentation is mature, making the straw fragments soft in hand feeling, and kneading the straw fragments into filaments, wherein the straw fragments smell fresh and sweet fungus fragrance, which indicates that the fermentation is basically finished, most of newly grown hyphae are pure white, a small amount of early grown hyphae are aged and yellow, and the hyphae are dissolved out of water;
s7: and (3) drying and storing: after the straw fermentation is finished for 25-40 days, the fermented product is scattered, dried in the sun or in the oven, and then bagged for storage, so that the straw fermented feed can be prepared.
2. The stacking production process for preparing hypha protein feed from straws according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the strain in the S1 is a solid fermentation cultivated species such as tricholoma giganteum, agaricus blazei, coprinus comatus, dictyophora phalloidea, ganoderma lucidum, oyster mushroom and the like which have strong and rapid degradation capability on cellulose and lignin.
S2 the stalks include corn stover, corn cobs, sorghum stalks, rice straw, rice hulls, canola stalks, mulberry branches, paper mulberry branches, cotton stalks, cottonseed hulls, bean stalks, bean hulls, peanut stalks, peanut hulls, sweet potato vines, sesame stalks, sunflower stalks, melon vines, vegetable stalks, old vegetable trees, fruit peels, and the like.
3. The stacking production process for preparing hypha protein feed from straws according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the natural drying time of the straws in the S2 is 5-7d, and the water content after drying is lower than 10%.
4. The stacking production process for preparing hypha protein feed from straws according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the straw fermented feed obtained in the step S7 can be directly prepared into granulated feed by using a granulator, or can be ground into powder by using a pulverizer, and then is uniformly mixed with corn flour and prepared into granulated feed by using the granulator. The invention selects strains, some fermentation products have low crude protein content, and partial protein feed needs to be supplemented to make up for protein deficiency.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2021102617684 | 2021-03-10 | ||
| CN202110261768 | 2021-03-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113412880A true CN113412880A (en) | 2021-09-21 |
Family
ID=77720452
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110768784.2A Pending CN113412880A (en) | 2021-03-10 | 2021-07-07 | Stacking production process for preparing hypha protein feed from straws |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113412880A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114982869A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-09-02 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | Cottonseed hull fermented feed for ruminants and preparation method thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104757256A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-08 | 原平市科学技术交流中心 | Fermentation method capable of improving biological protein content of yellow maize straw |
| CN106912685A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-07-04 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of preparation method of the full mixed feed of myceliaization stalk high-quality |
| CN112021452A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-04 | 盐城市北鸥生化能源科技有限公司 | Device and process for producing hypha protein feed from rape stalks |
-
2021
- 2021-07-07 CN CN202110768784.2A patent/CN113412880A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104757256A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-08 | 原平市科学技术交流中心 | Fermentation method capable of improving biological protein content of yellow maize straw |
| CN106912685A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-07-04 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of preparation method of the full mixed feed of myceliaization stalk high-quality |
| CN112021452A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-04 | 盐城市北鸥生化能源科技有限公司 | Device and process for producing hypha protein feed from rape stalks |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114982869A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-09-02 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | Cottonseed hull fermented feed for ruminants and preparation method thereof |
| CN114982869B (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-05-09 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | Fermented feed containing cotton seed hulls for ruminants and preparation method of fermented feed |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103752588B (en) | A kind of comprehensive cyclic utilization method of energy grass | |
| CN102617240B (en) | Novel edible fungus culture medium and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103483056B (en) | Grifola frondosa cultivation material formula and production method of cultivation material | |
| CN101948355B (en) | Preparation method of culture medium of edible fungi | |
| CN102939834A (en) | Cultivation method for interplanting of mulberry-branch black fungus on mulberry tree | |
| CN103910584B (en) | Containing pleurotus eryngii cultivating material and the making method of palm tree wood chip | |
| CN102557829A (en) | Antibacterial peptide active organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102907260A (en) | Cultivation method of mulberry interplanted with ramulus mori ganoderma lucidum | |
| CN102657026A (en) | Method for cultivating oyster mushroom by using tomato straws as main raw materials | |
| CN109704840A (en) | A kind of decomposing agent and its decomposed purposes to layer manure | |
| CN102612983A (en) | Method for stereoscopically cultivating edible fungi with long crop straws | |
| CN103641555A (en) | Method for manufacturing pleurotus nebrodensis culture material from sunflower byproducts | |
| CN103641614A (en) | Method for manufacturing Grifola frondosa culture material from sunflower byproducts | |
| CN105272637B (en) | A kind of compost and preparation method thereof of cultivation white fungus | |
| CN102613002A (en) | Method using banana stalk and banana leave as raw materials to solidly culture pleurotus geesteranus under banana trees | |
| CN102612996A (en) | Method for using corn cobs to cultivate oyster mushroom | |
| CN104402616A (en) | Oyster mushroom cultivation medium with use of garlic straw and oyster mushroom production method | |
| CN103641566A (en) | Method for manufacturing pleurotus cornucopiae culture material from sunflower byproducts | |
| CN101897272A (en) | Integral resource recycling method of bagasse | |
| CN107473791A (en) | Planting almond abalone mushroom matrix | |
| CN102379211A (en) | Method for planting king oyster mushroom by using grape branch | |
| CN1934985A (en) | Method for producing fodder by in-situ post fermentation of flammulina velutipes bran mycelia | |
| CN112369276A (en) | Culture medium for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata by using pleurotus eryngii dregs as well as preparation method and application of culture medium | |
| CN103304337A (en) | Formula for agaricus blazei murill stock culture material and method for preparing culture material | |
| CN113412880A (en) | Stacking production process for preparing hypha protein feed from straws |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |