CN113412769A

CN113412769A - Wide-width single-grain thin-sowing planting method for winter wheat

Info

Publication number: CN113412769A
Application number: CN202110548587.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 于三全; 胡海涛; 王红宾
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-05-14
Filing date: 2021-05-14
Publication date: 2021-09-21

Abstract

The invention relates to an agricultural planting technology, discloses a wide-width single-grain thin-sowing planting method for winter wheat, belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a new wheat planting technology. The method makes full use of the characteristic of high tillering and ear forming of winter wheat, selects a variety with strong winter tillering, properly advances the sowing period in advance, increases the application amount of base fertilizer and foliar application at the seedling stage, promotes multiple tillering, forms strong tillering, is beneficial to cultivating strong individuals, is more beneficial to intercropping and relay intercropping of crops, makes full use of marginal effect, and achieves the purposes of high yield of wheat and benefit of unit area. The method comprises the steps of ridging and making ridges in the wheat field according to the width of the ridge surface, and then sowing seeds in the ridges by using a wheat wide single-seed precision sowing machine or a manual dibbling mode, and is characterized in that the row spacing of seeds sowed in each ridge is 60 cm on average, and the plant spacing is 40 cm. When equal row spacing is adopted for sowing, the actual row spacing of each ridge is 60 cm, and the plant spacing is 40 cm. When the large and small row spacing is adopted for sowing, each furrow is sowed in a group with 3-5 small rows, a large row is arranged between the two groups, the small row spacing is 50-55 cm, the large row spacing is 70-100 cm, the average row spacing is 60 cm, and the plant spacing is 40 cm.

Description

Wide-width single-grain thin-sowing planting method for winter wheat

(I) technical field

The invention relates to an agricultural planting technology, in particular to a wheat planting technology.

(II) technical background

The wheat is the first crop of grain in its yield and planting area. The planting area of winter wheat in China reaches 3.31 hundred million acres in 2020. The wheat is planted in China from 3000 years before the Gongyuan, and through research and popularization of generations, the wheat is sowed by adopting a sowing building and a sowing machine at present at home and abroad, so that people form a thinking set for wheat sowing specifications. For a long time, the conditions of wheat production are continuously improved, the varieties are continuously changed, the yield is continuously improved, the seeding specification is a 'consistent system' for a long time, and the large and small row type or the equal row spacing type of about 25 centimeters is generally adopted. The big and small rows are mainly used for interplanting the next crop, the big row width is about 30 cm, and the small row width is more than 20 cm; the equal line spacing mode is mainly used for wheat single crop, and the line spacing is about 25 cm. The sowing specification really promotes the production development at the low and medium-yield stage of the wheat. However, under the condition that the soil, fertilizer and water conditions are quite excellent, when the yield of the wheat per mu is improved to be about very high, the main goal of improving the yield is to optimize the development relationship between the individual wheat and the colony. At this time, the wheat has high yield, 30-60 ten thousand spikes are required per mu, when the row spacing is about 25 cm, the plant spacing is only 1-3 cm (calculated according to 2-3 spikes of a single plant), and the wheat is crowded. However, in the wheat seeding specification, the concept of 'plant spacing' is not mentioned for a long time, but the seeding rate is used for expressing the planting density, which causes a miszone, and when people optimize the relationship between wheat individuals and populations, only the seeding rate is adjusted, and the adjustment of the plant spacing is ignored. In the high-yield stage of wheat, the row spacing of about 2 cm seriously influences the individual development, the high-yield wheat needs to be created with ultrahigh yield, and on the premise of ensuring the number of ears per mu, the sowing specification needs to be reformed, and the row spacing need to be adjusted again. Therefore, with the development of modern agriculture, the use of advanced technologies such as weed killer and the like, intertillage weeding and the like are not applicable, and the method breaks through the traditional planting mode and is a new wheat planting mode by changing high-density wide single seeds into wide single seed sowing.

Disclosure of the invention

The wide single-grain thin-sowing planting method for wheat of the present invention is aimed at the defect of inconsistent row spacing of wheat plants in the existent wheat sowing specification, and provides a single-plant sowing method capable of widening row spacing, and is characterized by that it can culture strong individual, and fully utilizes the characteristics of high tillering and ear-forming rate of winter wheat, and selects the variety with strong tillering rate, and properly advance sowing period, and can increase application quantity of base fertilizer and foliage application in seedling stage, promote multiple tillering and strong tillering, and is more favourable for crop intercropping and relay intercropping, and fully utilizes marginal effect to implement the goal of high yield of wheat and benefit of unit area.

The wide single-grain thin sowing planting method of wheat of the invention is to form ridges in a wheat field according to the width of the ridge surface, and then sow seeds in the ridges by using a wide single-grain precision seeder or a manual dibbling mode, wherein the row spacing of the seeds sowed in each ridge is 60 cm on average, and the plant spacing is 40 cm.

When equal row spacing is adopted for sowing, the actual row spacing of each ridge is 60 cm, and the plant spacing is 40 cm.

When the large and small row spacing is adopted for sowing, each furrow is sowed in a group with 3-5 small rows, a large row is arranged between the two groups, the small row spacing is 50-55 cm, the large row spacing is 70-100 cm, the average row spacing is 60 cm, and the plant spacing is 40 cm.

For example, in one set of four small rows, the small row spacing is 50 cm, the large row spacing between the two sets should be 90 cm, the total width of each set is 3 × 50+ 90-240 cm, and the average row spacing 240 ÷ 4-60 cm. Alternatively, the small row spacing is 55 cm, the large row spacing between the two groups should be 11 cm, the total width of each group is 3 × 55+ 75-240 cm, and the average row spacing 240 ÷ 4-60 cm.

For example, in one set of five rows, the small row spacing is 50 cm, the large row spacing between the two sets is 100 cm, the total width of each set is 4 × 50+ 100-300 cm, and the average row spacing is 300 ÷ 5-60 cm. Alternatively, the small row spacing is 55 cm, the large row spacing between the two groups should be 80 cm, the total width of each group is 4 × 55+ 80-300 cm, and the average row spacing is 300 ÷ 5-60 cm.

For example, in one set of three small rows, the small row spacing is 50 cm, the large row spacing between the two sets should be 80 cm, the total width of each set is 2 × 50+80 ÷ 180 cm, and the average row spacing is 180 ÷ 3 ÷ 60 cm. Or 55 cm between small lines, 70 cm between two groups, 180 cm between two groups, and 60 cm between 180 cm and 180 cm between two groups.

The sowing scheme with the large row spacing and the small row spacing is convenient for cultivation and management, the large rows are convenient for next-crop interplanting (such as watermelon, sweet potato and the like), and the small rows are favorable for layout adjustment or early-period interplanting of rape or spinach; and the large and small line type can form different pipeline effects, and is more beneficial to the gas exchange and circulation in the wheat group.

The invention has the positive effects that:

(1) compared with the original wheat seeding specification, the wide-width single-grain thin-seeding planting method for the wheat has the advantages that the row spacing is enlarged, the plant spacing is increased, the ear number per mu is unchanged, the in-row crowding of the overground plant individuals is reduced, and the method is convenient for early-stage interplanting and field management and is beneficial to mechanized work. Because the underground root system of the wheat which is sown sparsely is developed, the method is favorable for concentrated topdressing, is also favorable for individual propagation and metabolism of soil microorganisms, and comprehensively improves the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer. Local competition for nutrients is reduced, the land capability is fully utilized, and the root system is developed robustly. Meanwhile, the wide single-grain sparse sowing enhances the growth environment advantages of the population, coordinates the contradiction of growth and development between individuals and the population, and finally achieves the goal of ultrahigh yield due to coordination and increase of spike, grain and weight.

(2) The wheat is sowed at a wide single grain distance, so that the number of rows is increased, the row spacing is reduced, and the land and space utilization rate is improved; the plant spacing is increased, the growth space and the nutrition area of the single plant on the ground and underground are increased, the root layer and the canopy structure of the group are improved, the single plant grows robustly, the group structure is harmonious, and the yield is increased. Experiments show that the method generally has the yield increasing effect of about 10 percent, and the yield increasing effect of large-spike type varieties can reach more than 15 percent.

(3) The wide single-grain-spacing thin sowing method is suitable for the high and high yield of the medium-yield wheat and is more suitable for the ultra-high yield of the high-yield wheat; the method is suitable for the high yield of multi-spike type varieties and is more suitable for the high yield of large-spike type varieties; is suitable for both interplanting mode and single cropping mode.

(4) The method for implementing the wide single-grain-spacing thin sowing only needs to be matched with the sowing machine, and the operation method of the sowing machine is the same as the operation method of the original sowing machine, is simple, convenient and easy to popularize.

(5) The wide single-grain-spacing thin sowing method is implemented, because the row spacing and the plant spacing are obviously increased in the early stage, the method is more favorable for interplanting overwintering vegetables and oil crops, equal to the enlargement of 60% cultivated land, if the method is used for interplanting, the income and the benefit can be increased by about 40%, and the method has wide prospects for increasing the income of agriculture and animal husbandry.

(IV) description of the drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the equal row spacing wheat wide single-seed spacing thin-sowing method (three rows and one furrow).

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a large and small row spacing wheat wide single-seed spacing thin-seeding method of the present invention. (one big line two small lines one bed)

Illustration of the drawings: 1. furrow 2, row spacing a, row spacing 3, row spacing 4, row spacing a1 wide, row spacing 5, row spacing a2 narrow 6, single wheat 7, interplanted (intercropped) crop

(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments

The wide single-grain sparse sowing method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting new super tillering No. 1 and No. 2 varieties cultivated by Tian agriculture science and technology Limited company as the market of the Hubi, additionally applying 5 kg/mu of urea when preparing land, and spraying 0.8-1% of monopotassium phosphate when tillering.

When sowing is performed at equal row spacing, as shown in fig. 1, the row spacing a is 60 cm, the plant spacing b is 40 cm, and only 3 rows are shown in the figure.

When sowing is carried out at large and small row spacing, as shown in fig. 2, the large row spacing a1 is 50 cm, the small row spacing a2 is 80 cm, and the plant spacing b is 40 cm. Only one set of 3 rows is shown, and there are 1 set of 3 rows of wheat in a furrow, with 1 large row, 2 small rows, 80 cm large row spacing when the small row spacing is 50 cm, 180 cm furrow face width, and 60 cm average row spacing. When the small row spacing is 55 cm, the large row spacing is 70 cm, the furrow surface width is 180 cm, and the average row spacing is 60 cm.

Fig. 2 only shows the large and small row sowing modes of one group of 4 rows, in the specific implementation, the small row number of each group can be selected according to the specific width of the next batch of interplanted plants, and the large row spacing and the small row spacing are selected within the range of the row spacing, but the average row spacing is ensured to be 60 centimeters.

The planting distance of the sowing is determined by wheat variety and yield index, generally 40 cm, but the minimum is not less than 20 cm.

Claims

1. A wide-width single-grain thin-sowing planting method for winter wheat is characterized in that a variety with strong winter property and high tillering is selected, the sowing period is properly advanced, the application amount of base fertilizer and foliar application at the seedling stage are increased, multiple tillering and strong tillering are promoted, the intercropping and relay intercropping of crops are facilitated, the marginal effect is fully utilized, and the purposes of high yield of wheat and benefit of unit area are achieved.

2. The wide-width single-grain thin-sowing planting method for winter wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein ridges are formed in the wheat field according to the width of the ridge surface, and then the wheat is sowed in the ridges by using a wide-width single-grain precision seeder or manual dibbling, wherein the row spacing of each ridge is 60 cm on average, and the plant spacing is 40 cm.

3. The wide-width single-grain thin-sowing planting method for winter wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein when equal row spacing is adopted for sowing, the actual row spacing of seeds sowed in each ridge is 60 cm, and the plant spacing is 40 cm.

4. The wide single-grain thin sowing planting method of winter wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein when sowing with large and small row spacing is adopted, each furrow is sowed in one group with 3-5 small rows, a large row is arranged between the two groups, the small row spacing is 50-55 cm, the large row spacing is 70-100 cm, the average row spacing is 60 cm, and the planting distance is 40 cm.