CN113410981B - MMC transformer with direct-current fault self-clearing capability and self-clearing method thereof - Google Patents

MMC transformer with direct-current fault self-clearing capability and self-clearing method thereof Download PDF

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CN113410981B
CN113410981B CN202110681777.9A CN202110681777A CN113410981B CN 113410981 B CN113410981 B CN 113410981B CN 202110681777 A CN202110681777 A CN 202110681777A CN 113410981 B CN113410981 B CN 113410981B
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bridge arm
current
phase
fault
sub
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CN113410981A (en
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董阔军
刘栋梁
董正浩
董剑云
陈斌
张金诚
陈武
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Shandong Chen Yu Electrical Co ltd
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Shandong Chen Yu Electrical Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
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Abstract

The application discloses an MMC transformer with direct-current fault self-clearing capacity, which comprises a current converter, a current transfer branch and a thyristor branch, wherein the current converter consists of six bridge arms, namely an A-phase upper bridge arm, an A-phase lower bridge arm, a B-phase upper bridge arm, a B-phase lower bridge arm, a C-phase upper bridge arm and a C-phase lower bridge arm, and each phase of the current converter consists of an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm; the current transfer branch is connected between the positive electrode end of the B-phase upper bridge arm submodule unit and the positive electrode end of the C-phase upper bridge arm submodule unit, and the positive electrode end of the thyristor branch is connected with the common ends of the B-phase upper bridge arm submodule and the bridge arm reactance unit. Has the following advantages: the topology can rapidly remove the short-circuit fault of the direct current line through the matching of the additional branches, and has the advantages of few used devices and simple control.

Description

MMC transformer with direct-current fault self-clearing capability and self-clearing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flexible direct current transmission, in particular to an improved semi-full MMC power electronic transformer topology with direct current fault self-clearing capability.
Background
In recent years, modular multilevel converters MMC have been widely used in the field of flexible dc power transmission due to their advantages of excellent harmonic characteristics, high transmission efficiency, good expansibility, etc. The direct current side short circuit fault is a key problem when the MMC is applied to a flexible direct current system, and the direct current side short circuit fault is concerned about safe and reliable operation of a converter. Half-bridge type MMC can not rely on the self control of transverter to clear away short-circuit fault like traditional direct current transmission, must rely on the excision of AC/direct circuit breaker realization trouble in actual engineering application. However, the ac circuit breaker has a slow response speed and a long system recovery time, and the dc circuit breaker is immature in technology and too high in cost, which limits further popularization and application of the flexible dc technology in the field of power transmission and distribution.
Besides the two technical routes, the MMC topology structure can be improved to enable the MMC topology structure to have the direct-current fault self-clearing capability. An improved scheme is a sub-module layer, namely, a half-bridge sub-module is replaced by a sub-module with fault self-clearing capability, such as a quasi-full-bridge sub-module (uFBSM), a clamping dual sub-module (CDSM) and the like, but the fault self-clearing sub-modules are added with more switching devices on the basis of the half-bridge sub-module, and the equipment cost and the operation loss of a converter are overlarge; another improvement is in the level of the converter, that is, the sub-module topology still adopts a half-bridge structure, and the converter is provided with the fault self-clearing capability by adding a switching branch, such as the patent with the application number of cn201810945767.x and the patent with the application number of CN201810970886.0, but both have the problem of excessive adding branches, and the number of switching devices can still be further reduced.
Content of Ming dynasty
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the MMC transformer with the direct-current fault self-clearing capability is provided, the topology can clear the direct-current line short-circuit fault quickly through the cooperation of the additional branches, and the MMC transformer has the advantages of few used devices and simplicity in control.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an MMC transformer with direct-current fault self-clearing capability comprises a current converter, a current transfer branch and a thyristor branch, wherein the current converter consists of six bridge arms and comprises an A-phase upper bridge arm, an A-phase lower bridge arm, a B-phase upper bridge arm, a B-phase lower bridge arm, a C-phase upper bridge arm and a C-phase lower bridge arm, and each phase of the current converter consists of an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm;
the current transfer branch is connected between the positive electrode end of the B-phase upper bridge arm submodule unit and the positive electrode end of the C-phase upper bridge arm submodule unit, and the positive electrode end of the thyristor branch is connected with the common ends of the B-phase upper bridge arm submodule and the bridge arm reactance unit.
Furthermore, the phase A upper bridge arm, the phase A lower bridge arm, the phase B upper bridge arm, the phase B lower bridge arm, the phase C upper bridge arm and the phase C lower bridge arm are all formed by connecting bridge arm sub-module units and bridge arm reactance units in series.
Furthermore, the bridge arm sub-module units and the bridge arm reactance units of the phase A upper bridge arm, the phase A lower bridge arm, the phase B upper bridge arm, the phase B lower bridge arm, the phase C upper bridge arm and the phase C lower bridge arm are respectively provided with a positive pole end and a negative pole end.
Furthermore, the current transfer branch circuit is formed by connecting an insulated gate bipolar transistor and a plurality of bidirectional thyristor groups in series, and the thyristor branch circuit is formed by connecting a plurality of unidirectional thyristors in series.
Furthermore, the sub-module units of the C-phase upper bridge arm are composed of full-bridge-like sub-modules, and the sub-module units of the other bridge arms are composed of half-bridge sub-modules.
Further, each full-bridge-like sub-module contains three modes: the first mode is a working mode, the current of the full-bridge submodule is positive in the working mode, the bridge arm current charges the submodule unit capacitor, when the current of the full-bridge submodule is negative in the working mode, the bridge arm current discharges the submodule unit capacitor of the bridge arm, and the submodule unit can output the voltage at two ends of the capacitor; the second mode is a bypass mode, the capacitor of the sub-module unit is bypassed, and therefore the output voltage of the sub-module unit is zero; the third mode is a locking mode, and the sub-module unit capacitor is connected in series in a fault current loop to absorb fault energy.
A self-clearing method of an MMC transformer with direct-current fault self-clearing capability comprises the following steps:
step one, when a bipolar short-circuit fault occurs on a direct current line at a time t0, current is fed into a fault point by an alternating current power grid and sub-module capacitors inside a current converter at the same time, the fault current is mainly the discharge current of the sub-module capacitors, and bridge arm current and line current inside an MMC can be rapidly increased.
Further, the self-obstacle-clearing method further comprises the following steps:
step two, the converter detects a fault at the time of t1 and immediately places the submodule units of all bridge arms in a bypass state, the voltage of a direct current outlet is clamped near the zero potential, the fault current stops rising, after the bypass action is finished, the insulated gate bipolar transistors in the current transfer branch are turned off at the time of t2, the thyristor branch is triggered and turned on at the same time, the current in the current transfer branch starts to transfer to the thyristor branch, the bidirectional thyristors in the current transfer branch are turned off at the time of t3 after the current of the current transfer branch is reduced to zero, the problem of voltage sharing between the insulated gate bipolar transistors and the bidirectional thyristor in the current transfer branch is considered, and the insulated gate bipolar transistors in the bidirectional thyristor branch are turned on at the time of t4 after the bidirectional thyristor is completely turned off.
Further, the self-obstacle-clearing method further comprises the following steps:
and step three, after all the switch operations are finished, all the submodule units are locked at the time t5, fault energy stored in the bridge arm inductance inside the current converter and the line side inductance is absorbed by the full-bridge-like submodule capacitor in the bridge arm on the C phase and the half-bridge submodule capacitor after the bridge arm current is reversed, and finally fault blocking is finished within a plurality of milliseconds.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
on the basis of the traditional half-bridge type MMC, only a small amount of full-control switching devices and thyristors with relatively low cost need to be added, the short-circuit fault energy can be quickly absorbed while the economy is better, the fault clearing time is short, and the requirement of the flexible direct-current transmission network on the rapidity of the fault clearing speed is met.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the detailed description or the prior art description will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a topology of an improved half full bridge type MMC power electronic transformer with DC fault self-clearing capability according to the present invention;
fig. 2 and 3 are current flow paths of the full-bridge-like sub-module, wherein the current flow paths are positive and negative in the working mode;
fig. 4 and 5 are current flow paths of the full-bridge-like sub-module in which the current is positive and negative in the bypass mode;
fig. 6 and 7 are current flow paths of the full-bridge-like sub-module, wherein the current is positive and negative in the locking mode;
FIG. 8 is a fault ride-through timing diagram;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a converter fault current sinking loop;
FIG. 10 is a simulated waveform diagram of fault current on the DC side of the converter;
FIG. 11 is a waveform diagram showing current simulation of each bridge arm of the converter;
FIG. 12 is a waveform of sub-module capacitor voltage simulation.
Detailed Description
Embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1, an MMC transformer having a dc fault self-clearing capability includes a converter, a current transfer branch, and a thyristor branch, where the converter includes an a-phase upper arm, an a-phase lower arm, a B-phase upper arm, a B-phase lower arm, a C-phase upper arm, and a C-phase lower arm, and each phase of the converter is composed of an upper arm and a lower arm.
The phase A upper bridge arm, the phase A lower bridge arm, the phase B upper bridge arm, the phase B lower bridge arm, the phase C upper bridge arm and the phase C lower bridge arm are all formed by connecting bridge arm sub-module units and bridge arm reactance units in series.
And the bridge arm sub-module units and the bridge arm reactance units of the phase A upper bridge arm, the phase A lower bridge arm, the phase B upper bridge arm, the phase B lower bridge arm, the phase C upper bridge arm and the phase C lower bridge arm are respectively provided with a positive pole end and a negative pole end.
The current transfer branch is connected between the positive electrode end of the B-phase upper bridge arm submodule unit and the positive electrode end of the C-phase upper bridge arm submodule unit, and the positive electrode end of the thyristor branch is connected with the common end of the B-phase upper bridge arm submodule and the common end of the bridge arm reactance unit.
The current transfer branch circuit is formed by connecting an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) and a plurality of bidirectional thyristors (SCR) in series, and the thyristor branch circuit is formed by connecting a plurality of unidirectional thyristors in series.
And the bridge arm submodule units on the phase C are composed of full-bridge-like submodules, and the rest bridge arm submodule units are composed of half-bridge submodules.
Each full-bridge-like submodule contains three modes: the first mode is a working mode, fig. 2 is a current circulation path in which the current of the quasi-full-bridge sub-module is positive in the working mode, and at the moment, the bridge arm current charges the sub-module unit capacitor; fig. 3 is a current flow path of the full-bridge-like sub-module, in which the current is negative in the working mode, and at this time, the bridge arm current discharges the sub-module unit capacitor, so that the sub-module can output the voltage across the capacitor C. The second mode is a bypass mode, and fig. 4 and 5 are current flow paths of the full-bridge-like sub-module, where the current is positive and negative in the bypass mode, and at this time, the sub-module unit capacitor is bypassed, so that the sub-module unit output voltage is zero. The third mode is a blocking mode, and fig. 6 and 7 are current flow paths of the full-bridge-like sub-module, in which the current is positive and negative in the blocking mode, respectively, and then the sub-module unit capacitors are connected in series in the fault current loop to absorb fault energy.
When a bipolar short-circuit fault of a direct-current line occurs in the transformer, a corresponding control time sequence is shown in fig. 8, and a specific self-clearing method is as follows:
step one, at t0When a bipolar short-circuit fault occurs on a direct current line at any time, current is fed into a fault point by an alternating current power grid and a submodule capacitor inside a current converter at the same time, the fault current is mainly the discharge current of the submodule capacitor, and bridge arm current and line current inside the MMC are increased rapidly;
step two, at t1The moment converter detects the fault and immediately places all bridge arm submodule units in a bypass state, the direct current outlet voltage is clamped near zero potential, and the fault is generatedStopping the flow rising, after the bypass action is finished, at t2The IGBT in the current transfer branch is turned off at any moment, the thyristor branch is triggered and turned on at the same time, the current in the current transfer branch starts to transfer to the thyristor branch, and after the current in the current transfer branch is reduced to zero, at t3The bidirectional thyristor in the current transfer branch is turned off at a moment. Considering the voltage-sharing problem between the IGBT and the bidirectional thyristor in the current transfer branch, after the bidirectional thyristor is completely turned off, at t4The insulated gate bipolar transistors therein are turned on at all times.
Step three, after all the switch operations are finished, at t5All the sub-modules are locked at any moment, fault energy stored in the bridge arm inductance inside the converter and the line side inductance is absorbed by the full-bridge-like sub-module capacitor in the bridge arm on the C phase and the half-bridge sub-module capacitor after the bridge arm current is switched, as shown in fig. 9, and finally fault blocking is completed within a few milliseconds.
T1-T2 are usually 5 μ s, T2-T3 are usually 100-200 μ s, T3-T4 are usually within 1ms (taking T660N type thyristor as an example, the turn-off time is 300 μ s), and T4-T5 are usually within 1 μ s.
To verify the feasibility of the topology of the present invention, the parameters according to Table 1 were verified in the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform, and the simulation results are shown in FIGS. 10-12.
Table 1 shows the parameters of the improved semi-full MMC system.
Figure 535087DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The MMC operates in a rectification mode in a steady state, a PTP short-circuit fault occurs on a direct-current line at a position 10km away from the converter when 0.184s is set, the converter starts to act after a direct-current outlet fault current rises to an IGBT protection threshold value by 0.6ms, as can be seen from fig. 10, the direct-current outlet current quickly rises to 377A after the direct-current line has the short-circuit fault, then the converter inhibits the rise and the quick fall of the fault current after receiving an action signal, and simultaneously, as shown in fig. 11, each bridge arm current also decays to zero within 5 ms.
After all the sub-modules are locked, the full-bridge-like sub-modules of the C-phase upper bridge arm and the capacitors of the A-phase lower bridge arm and the B-phase upper bridge arm half-bridge sub-modules after the bridge arm current is switched are put into a fault current loop to absorb fault energy, and the capacitor voltage of the sub-modules rises accordingly, as shown in fig. 12.
Simulation results show that the improved half-full-bridge MMC with the direct-current fault self-clearing capability can obtain the fault blocking capability only by adding a small amount of IGBT devices and some low-cost thyristors, so that the investment cost is saved, the fault blocking speed is high, and the running loss is relatively low.
The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in this art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a MMC transformer with direct current trouble is from clearing up ability which characterized in that: the converter comprises a converter, a current transfer branch and a thyristor branch, wherein the converter consists of six bridge arms and comprises an A-phase upper bridge arm, an A-phase lower bridge arm, a B-phase upper bridge arm, a B-phase lower bridge arm, a C-phase upper bridge arm and a C-phase lower bridge arm, and each phase of the converter consists of an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm;
the current transfer branch is connected between the positive electrode end of the B-phase upper bridge arm submodule unit and the positive electrode end of the C-phase upper bridge arm submodule unit, the positive electrode end of the thyristor branch is connected with the common ends of the B-phase upper bridge arm submodule and the bridge arm reactance unit, and the negative electrode end of the thyristor branch is connected with the common ends of the C-phase upper bridge arm submodule unit and the bridge arm reactance unit.
2. The MMC transformer with dc fault self-clearing capability of claim 1, wherein: the A-phase upper bridge arm, the A-phase lower bridge arm, the B-phase upper bridge arm, the B-phase lower bridge arm, the C-phase upper bridge arm and the C-phase lower bridge arm are all formed by serially connecting bridge arm sub-module units and bridge arm reactance units.
3. The MMC transformer with dc fault self-clearing capability of claim 2, wherein: and the bridge arm sub-module units and the bridge arm reactance units of the phase A upper bridge arm, the phase A lower bridge arm, the phase B upper bridge arm, the phase B lower bridge arm, the phase C upper bridge arm and the phase C lower bridge arm are respectively provided with a positive pole end and a negative pole end.
4. The MMC transformer with dc fault self-clearing capability of claim 1, wherein: the current transfer branch circuit is formed by connecting an insulated gate bipolar transistor and a plurality of bidirectional thyristor groups in series, and the thyristor branch circuit is formed by connecting a plurality of unidirectional thyristors in series.
5. The MMC transformer with dc fault self-clearing capability of claim 1, wherein: the sub-module units of the C-phase upper bridge arm are composed of full-bridge-like sub-modules, and the sub-module units of the other bridge arms are composed of half-bridge sub-modules.
6. The MMC transformer with DC fault self-clearing capability of claim 5, wherein: each class of full-bridge sub-module contains three modes: the first mode is a working mode, the current of the full-bridge submodule is positive in the working mode, the bridge arm current charges the submodule unit capacitor, when the current of the full-bridge submodule is negative in the working mode, the bridge arm current discharges the submodule unit capacitor of the bridge arm, and the submodule unit can output the voltage at two ends of the capacitor; the second mode is a bypass mode, the capacitor of the sub-module unit is bypassed, and therefore the output voltage of the sub-module unit is zero; the third mode is a locking mode, and the sub-module unit capacitor is connected in series in a fault current loop to absorb fault energy.
7. A self-clearing method of an MMC transformer with direct-current fault self-clearing capability is characterized by comprising the following steps: the self-clearing method is applied to the MMC transformer with the direct-current fault self-clearing capability of any one of claims 1 to 6, and comprises the following steps:
step one, when a bipolar short-circuit fault occurs on a direct current line at a time t0, current is fed into a fault point by an alternating current power grid and sub-module capacitors inside a current converter at the same time, the fault current is mainly the discharge current of the sub-module capacitors, and bridge arm current and line current inside an MMC can be rapidly increased.
8. The MMC transformer with DC fault self-clearing capability of claim 7, wherein: the self-obstacle-clearing method further comprises the following steps:
step two, the converter detects a fault at the time of t1 and immediately places the submodule units of all bridge arms in a bypass state, the voltage of a direct current outlet is clamped near the zero potential, the fault current stops rising, after the bypass action is finished, the insulated gate bipolar transistors in the current transfer branch are turned off at the time of t2, the thyristor branch is triggered and turned on at the same time, the current in the current transfer branch starts to transfer to the thyristor branch, the bidirectional thyristors in the current transfer branch are turned off at the time of t3 after the current of the current transfer branch is reduced to zero, the problem of voltage sharing between the insulated gate bipolar transistors and the bidirectional thyristor in the current transfer branch is considered, and the insulated gate bipolar transistors in the bidirectional thyristor branch are turned on at the time of t4 after the bidirectional thyristor is completely turned off.
9. The MMC transformer with DC fault self-clearing capability of claim 7, wherein: the self-obstacle-clearing method further comprises the following steps:
and step three, after all the switch operations are finished, all the submodule units are locked at the time t5, fault energy stored in the bridge arm inductance inside the current converter and the line side inductance is absorbed by the full-bridge-like submodule capacitor in the bridge arm on the C phase and the half-bridge submodule capacitor after the bridge arm current is subjected to phase conversion, and finally fault blocking is finished within a plurality of milliseconds.
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CN109217265A (en) * 2018-08-24 2019-01-15 东北电力大学 A kind of removing DC Line Fault method of electric current transfevent multilevel converter topology
CN111682788A (en) * 2020-08-13 2020-09-18 山东晨宇电气股份有限公司 Current active transfer type MMC power electronic transformer with fault blocking capability

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