CN113406312A - Method for rapidly evaluating printability of slurry in 3D printing of cement-based material and application - Google Patents
Method for rapidly evaluating printability of slurry in 3D printing of cement-based material and application Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; Lime; Mortar; Gypsum; Bricks; Ceramics; Glass
- G01N33/383—Concrete or cement
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly evaluating the printability of slurry in 3D printing of a cement-based material and application thereof. Determining the printable range of the rheological parameters of the slurry according to the Bingham fluid theory and the process parameters, and establishing a relation according to the linear relation between the rheological parameters and the fluidity and the slump to obtain a printable threshold interval of the fluidity and the slump which can be obtained easily through a simple test. The printability of the existing slurry and the optimal printable window period (Open time) can be rapidly evaluated by combining the threshold interval and the fluidity test. Compared with the prior art, the method can improve the efficiency of 3D printing concrete mix proportion design and reduce the test cost. In addition, the method can independently calculate the theoretical threshold according to the actual printing system and parameter configuration, and has strong applicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of 3D printing building materials, and particularly relates to a method for rapidly evaluating the printability of slurry in 3D printing of a cement-based material and application thereof.
Background
The 3D printing process of the extruded concrete determines that the printing paste needs to meet unique rheological requirements so as to achieve good printability. The printability of the slurry refers to that the rheological parameters of the slurry are just maintained in a certain specific range, and meanwhile, the slurry has good fluidity so that the slurry can be smoothly extruded out, and has good collapse-keeping performance so that the slurry has certain molding capacity after being extruded out. Early Le et al examined the extrudability and the constructability of the paste by non-stop extrusion length and number of printable layers, respectively, and the evaluation of the constructability was based mainly on visual observation of the absence of significant deformation of the bottom layer. With the development of 3D printing technology in the building field in recent years, a method for evaluating the printability through rheological properties such as yield stress, fluidity, shear strength and the like is derived. However, since the current 3D printing system does not form a uniform standard, the printable range of various parameters obtained by those skilled in the art is different, so that the applicability of the above evaluation method is not strong. In addition, when the mix proportion is designed, the printable formula is determined by a preprinting test, and the printable range of the related evaluation index is measured reversely, not by the forward design. Therefore, a rapid, efficient and strong-universality evaluation method is urgently needed to provide guidance for forward design of 3D printing cement-based materials, reduce test cost in a mix proportion design stage, and improve work efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for rapidly evaluating the printability of slurry in 3D printing of a cement-based material and application thereof, and the printability of the cement-based material can be rapidly and efficiently evaluated with low cost and strong universality.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for rapidly evaluating the printability of slurry in 3D printing of a cement-based material comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the thixotropy theory of the Bingham fluid and the combination of actual printer system parameters, the optimal yield stress range of printable slurry is obtained: tau is1＜τ＜τ2；
(2) By a linear relationship of yield stress τ to slump s: τ ═ 3.30 ρ (H-s), where ρ is the slurry density and H is the slump cone height, giving a slump printable range: s1＜s＜s2；
(3) In order to ensure the accuracy of evaluation, a jump table fluidity index d is used for evaluation, and the fluidity range can be determinedAccording to the reference value provided by the literature or equipment manufacturer, the following steps are determined: d1＜d＜d2；
(4) After the preparation of the slurry is finished, slump tests and table jump fluidity tests are respectively carried out at more than one different time nodes to obtain a slump value s and a slump value d, normalization processing is carried out, and a slump index p is obtainedsFluidity index pdDrawing in the same scatter diagram; wherein,
from the scatter plot, the evaluation criteria are as follows:
(4-1)p1as a threshold for satisfying the extrudability, p2As a threshold to satisfy constructability; when p iss、pdWhile falling on p1、p2In between, printability is deemed to be satisfied; wherein,
(4-2) fitting the scattergram to obtain a time-dependent loss curve of the fluidity of the slurry, wherein the gentler the curve, the longer the printable window period, the curve and p1、p2The optimal printable window period is defined between the intersection points.
Preferably, the optimal yield stress range of step (1) is derived as follows:
the above-mentioned tau1To the rear cover pressure PlayerSaid τ being2Is the maximum extrusion stress P of the extrusion deviceextrusionWherein the maximum extrusion stress P of the extrusion deviceextrusionThe rear cover pressure P is provided by the equipment provider or obtained according to the actual measurementlayerThe deadweight pressure for the subsequent printed layer being a function of time t, playerρ gh (t), where: ρ is the paste density, g ═ 9.8N/kg, and h is the print layer height.
The application of the method for rapidly evaluating the printability of the slurry in 3D printing of the cement-based material in the 3D printing is disclosed.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the prior art, the method has the characteristics of high speed, high efficiency, low test cost and the like, more importantly, the method is not influenced by a printing system, has strong universality, can independently calculate the printable range of the index aiming at different printers, and provides guidance and basis for the forward design of the mix proportion. The blindness of determining the printability through field printing in the 3D printing concrete mix proportion design stage is avoided, and material resources and human resources are saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for rapidly evaluating the printability of a slurry in 3D printing of a cement-based material;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for processing evaluation index data and evaluation criteria in embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is a scatter diagram showing evaluation indexes of the slump test and the table jump flow test in example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the following drawings.
Example 1
A method for rapidly evaluating the printability of slurry in 3D printing of cement-based materials is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) determining upper and lower threshold values of yield stress tau for printable slurry
And obtaining the printable optimal yield stress range of the slurry according to the thixotropy theory of the Bingham fluid and the combination of actual printer system parameters.
Bingham fluid means that shear stress is linear with shear rate, but flow only begins when shear stress is greater than yield stress; the fluid has a gel structure at rest.
When the optimal yield stress range of the printable slurry is theoretically calculated, the maximum extrusion force provided by the extrusion device of the printing system and the overlaying pressure to be borne by the slurry in the deposition process, which is determined by the size of the nozzle, the discharging speed and the like, are considered.
The printability of the 3D printing material means that slurry has certain fluidity and can be smoothly extruded, and the slurry can lose fluidity after being extruded so as to bear the overlying pressure of a subsequent printing layer. Thus, the theoretical yield stress τ of the printable slurry should be less than the maximum extrusion stress P provided by the extrusion deviceextrusionAnd is greater than the self-weight pressure P of the subsequent printing layerlayerI.e. the yield stress τ should satisfy:
Player＜τ＜Pextrusion
wherein the maximum extrusion stress P of the extrusion deviceextrusionCan be provided by equipment manufacturers or obtained according to actual measurement, the larger the value is, the more favorable the discharging is, the smaller the limiting effect of the extrusion type is, and the larger the adjustable range of the mixing proportion is; the pressing force that can be provided by the feeding system of various printers varies, and generally: pPump type＞PClosed extrusion type＞POpen spiral type. Rear cover pressure PlayerDirectly related to the actual printing parameters, such as printing speed, nozzle diameter, etc., as a function of time t, here reduced to playerρ gh (t), where: ρ is the paste density, g ═ 9.8N/kg, and h is the print layer height.
The optimum yield stress range for the printable slurry can be determined from the above equation:
τ1＜τ＜τ2
(2) obtaining the slump range of the printable slurry according to the linear relation between the yield stress tau and the slump s
The yield stress test cost is high, and the slump test is widely applied to evaluating the workability of the slurry in engineering practice and has the characteristics of convenience in operation, low test cost and the like. Regarding the relationship between yield stress and slump, there has been intensive research, and according to the theoretical results in the literature (Chidiac S E, Habibeigi F, Chan D.Slump and slide flow for the characterization of yield stress of fresh concrete [ J ] Aci Materials Journal,2006,103(6):413 and 418.), the linear relationship between yield stress τ and slump S is: τ ═ 3.30 ρ (H-s), where ρ is the slurry density and H is the slump cone height, giving a slump printable range:
s1＜s＜s2
(3) in order to improve the accuracy of evaluation, the flow index d of the jumping table can be used for evaluation
The printable range of the flow d of the diving table can be determined according to reference values provided by literature or equipment manufacturers:
d1＜d＜d2
(4) slump test and table jump flow test
After the preparation of the slurry is completed, at 2 different time nodes t1、t2Respectively carrying out slump test and table jump fluidity test to obtain slump value s and fluidity value d, carrying out normalization treatment and obtaining slump index psFluidity index pdPlotted in the same scatter plot as shown in fig. 2.
In the embodiment, the 2 different time nodes can be expanded into a plurality of nodes, and the fitting of the multi-point data into a curve (the fitting of the two-point data into a straight line) can more accurately reflect the loss of the slurry fluidity over time.
According to fig. 2, the evaluation criteria are as follows:
(a)p1as a threshold for satisfying the extrudability, p2As a threshold to satisfy constructability; when p iss、pdWhile falling on p1、p2In between, printability is considered to be satisfied.
(b) Fitting the scatter diagram can obtain a time-dependent loss curve of the fluidity of the slurry, wherein the gentler the curve is, the longer the printable window period is, the curve is connected with the p1、p2The optimal printable window period (Open time) is defined between the intersection points, i.e. t in FIG. 21～t2。
Example 2
A method for rapidly evaluating the printability of slurry in 3D printing of cement-based materials comprises the following specific steps:
(1) determining upper and lower threshold values of yield stress tau for printable slurry
In the embodiment, a desktop type concrete (mortar) 3D printer developed by Jian, Tu and Zhen measuring company is adopted, and the extruding device is of an open spiral type, so that the extruding force provided is small, and the extruding stress P is smallextrusion500Pa is taken.
In this example, the slurry density ρ is 1.65g/cm3A20 mm circular nozzle is adopted, and the height h of a single-layer is 10 mm. Considering that the strength of the lower printing layer is continuously improved along with the progress of hydration, the self weight of the subsequent printing layer is not completely born by the yield stress of the slurry any more. Thus, PlayerCan be simplified to the dead weight pressure of 2 printing layers. The layer height h is originally a function of time t: h (t), which is simplified to a constant of 2 layers of height in this example, i.e., a single layer of 10mm, and a two-layer height h of 0.02m, according to the formula Playerρ gh (t), we find: p is a radical oflayer＝1.65×103×9.8×0.02＝323.4Pa。
Thus, the yield stress of the printable slurry should satisfy:
323.4Pa＜τ＜500Pa
(2) obtaining the slump range of the printable slurry according to the linear relation between the yield stress tau and the slump s
The linear relationship between yield stress τ and slump s is: τ ═ 3.30 ρ (H-s), i.e.
In this example, the height H of the collapsed cylinder was 0.15 mm.
Thus, the slump range of the printable slurry is:
58.2mm＜s＜90.6mm
namely, the slump s is preferably about 74 mm.
(3) In order to improve the accuracy of evaluation, the flow index d of the jumping table can be used for evaluation
The printable range of the fiber cement-based printing material in this embodiment is taken as follows:
120mm＜d＜180mm
namely, the flow degree d of the diving table is preferably about 150 mm.
(4) Slump test and table jump flow test
After the preparation of the slurry was completed, two (or three) slump tests and a table jump flow test were performed at different time periods, respectively. In order to plot the slump value s and the fluidity value d in the same scattergram, the data were normalized.
As shown in FIG. 3, the slump s is normalized as follows:
the evaluation index p corresponding to the slump ssLower threshold value p of1Upper threshold value p2Respectively as follows:
slump index p of printable slurrysIt should satisfy: 0.78 < ps＜1.22。
Similarly, the flow degree value of the jumping table can be normalized, and a flow degree index p of the jumping table is obtaineddThe range of (A): p is more than 0.8d＜1.2。
For the fiber cement-based slurries of this example, 12min (t) after adding water, respectively1)、22min(t2) Two slump tests and two jump table flow tests were performed and the data are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 EXAMPLE 2 slump and Table jump fluidity measured values and normalization processing results
According to fig. 3, the evaluation criterion is as follows:
(a) when p iss，pdWhile falling between the two thresholds, printability is considered to be satisfied. Slump index p at 22min in this examplesAnd the table jump fluidity index pdAll fall outside the printable range and are considered to be unsatisfactory for extrudability and constructability.
(b) The curve obtained by scatter-point fitting in fig. 3 reflects the loss of fluidity of the slurry over time, with a more gradual curve indicating a slower loss of fluidity over time and a longer printable window. The printable window period of the slurry in the embodiment is 5-17 min after water is added.
Claims (3)
1. A method for rapidly evaluating the printability of slurry in 3D printing of a cement-based material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) according to the thixotropy theory of the Bingham fluid and the combination of actual printer system parameters, the optimal yield stress range of printable slurry is obtained: tau is1＜τ＜τ2；
(2) By a linear relationship of yield stress τ to slump s: τ ═ 3.30 ρ (H-s), where ρ is the slurry density and H is the slump cone height, giving a slump printable range: s1＜s＜s2；
(3) In order to ensure the accuracy of evaluation, a jump table fluidity index d is used for evaluation, and the fluidity range can be determined according to reference values provided by documents or equipment manufacturers: d1＜d＜d2；
(4) After the preparation of the slurry is finished, slump tests and table jump fluidity tests are respectively carried out at more than one different time nodes to obtain a slump value s and a slump value d, normalization processing is carried out, and a slump index p is obtainedsFluidity index pdDrawing in the same scatter diagram; wherein,
from the scatter plot, the evaluation criteria are as follows:
(4-1)p1as a threshold for satisfying the extrudability, p2As a threshold to satisfy constructability; when p iss、pdWhile falling on p1、p2In between, printability is deemed to be satisfied; wherein,
(4-2) fitting the scattergram to obtain a time-dependent loss curve of the fluidity of the slurry, wherein the gentler the curve, the longer the printable window period, the curve and p1、p2The optimal printable window period is defined between the intersection points.
2. The method for rapidly evaluating the paste printability in 3D printing of cement-based materials according to claim 1, wherein the optimal yield stress range of step (1) is derived by the following steps:
the above-mentioned tau1To the rear cover pressure PlayerSaid τ being2Is the maximum extrusion stress P of the extrusion deviceextrusionWherein the maximum extrusion stress P of the extrusion deviceextrusionThe rear cover pressure P is provided by the equipment provider or obtained according to the actual measurementlayerThe self-weight pressure for the subsequent printed layer being a function of time t, Playerρ gh (t), where: ρ is the paste density, g ═ 9.8N/kg, and h is the print layer height.
3. Use of a method according to claim 1 for rapid assessment of paste printability in 3D printing of cementitious materials in 3D printing.
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| WO2023130426A1 (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-07-13 | 海南热带海洋学院 | Method and apparatus for evaluating printability of food material |
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| WO2023130426A1 (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-07-13 | 海南热带海洋学院 | Method and apparatus for evaluating printability of food material |
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