CN113399108B - Low-grade gold ore sorting and tailing-free utilization process - Google Patents
Low-grade gold ore sorting and tailing-free utilization process Download PDFInfo
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- CN113399108B CN113399108B CN202110524642.1A CN202110524642A CN113399108B CN 113399108 B CN113399108 B CN 113399108B CN 202110524642 A CN202110524642 A CN 202110524642A CN 113399108 B CN113399108 B CN 113399108B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
- B07C5/3425—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-grade gold ore sorting and tailing-free utilization process, which comprises the following steps: the first step is as follows: an intelligent light selection and crushing grading combined treatment process; secondly, the rough concentrate obtained in the first step enters a gravity flotation separation process; and step three, manufacturing building material products with different specifications by using the tailings at different stages. The invention solves the problems of high development cost and low product benefit of low-grade gold ores, produces gold ore products and different types of building material products, meets different market demands, and is a low-grade gold ore sorting system of an intelligent light sorting machine developed based on ore characteristics, and compared with the traditional light sorting machine, the light sorting machine loaded with the system has higher sorting accuracy; compared with the traditional open circuit arrangement, the multiple combined closed circuit arrangement of the light separator, the crushing machine and the screening machine can adapt to different process requirements, obtain more excellent separation indexes, and also can obtain the function of replacing a plurality of traditional light separators by one light separator, thereby saving the equipment investment; and the crushing process is closer to the crushing process adopted by the current plant selection, and the production and the transformation are easy to carry out.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ore separation, in particular to a low-grade gold ore separation and non-tailing utilization process, which can also be used for separation of other low-grade metal ores.
Background
With the development of the society, particularly the progress of science and technology, the rapid development of social productivity is greatly promoted, and particularly, the method makes outstanding contribution to the improvement of the tunneling excavation efficiency of the traditional resource excavation industry. However, as mining and excavation of many ores with renewable costs, how to perform fine separation and make full use of the ore has been increasingly demanded for further processing of ores.
In the excavation (stripping) operation of a gold mine, a large amount of low-grade ore is produced, and this part of ore is mainly surrounded rocks and included rocks, and the gold grade is 0.2 to 0.4g/t, and this part of ore is generally called waste rock. The waste rock yield is typically around 10% of the ore yield. At present, the waste rocks are different according to regional policies, part of the waste rocks need to be treated on site according to policy requirements, part of the waste rocks are sold to building material processing factories as stone materials at low price, and part of the waste rocks are stockpiled in mine refuse dumps. The method of in-situ remediation is usually to cover the surface of the waste rock heap with soil and grow green plants. However, the particle size of the waste rock is large, usually 200-600 mm, the gaps between the waste rock are large, the soil covered on the surface is washed by rainwater and then runs off, the treatment effect is poor, and the risk of inducing debris flow still exists. The waste rock is used as stone material, and after the stone material is broken and graded, the products of stone, coarse sand and the like can be obtained, and because the waste rock contains a certain quantity of metal sulfide, the contents of sulfur and heavy metal in the stone material products are higher.
Aiming at the problem that the traditional process of low-grade gold ore cannot be economically recovered, a great deal of research is carried out by mine units, and the existing research achievements mainly focus on two aspects:
on one hand, fine fraction products generated in the waste rock crushing process are recycled. For example, in the patent, a low-grade gold ore recovery process is characterized in that a raw ore is coarsely broken and then sequentially subjected to primary screening, secondary screening and tertiary screening, the grain size of the tertiary screening is less than or equal to 1.5mm, the grain size is subjected to size mixing and then pumped into a first spiral chute for gravity separation to obtain coarse concentrate, middlings and tailings, the coarse concentrate enters a second spiral chute for gravity separation to obtain concentrate, middlings and tailings, the concentrate enters a ball mill for ball milling and then enters a first flotation machine for flotation to obtain tailings and gold concentrate, the tailings after flotation enter a magnetic separator, the gold concentrate sequentially enters a second thickener and a first ceramic filter for concentration and dehydration to obtain dry gold concentrate, the tailings after magnetic separation obtain tailings and iron concentrate, the tailings after magnetic separation enter a shaking table to obtain tailings, sulfur concentrate and coarse tungsten concentrate, the coarse tungsten concentrate enters a second flotation machine for flotation to obtain tungsten concentrate and tailings after flotation by the shaking table and the tailings after flotation by the second ceramic filter for concentration and dehydration to obtain dry stone powder. The technology only recovers the fine fraction ore generated in the crushing process, and the fine fraction ore has higher grade but low yield, so that the overall recovery rate is low; the coarse fraction ore is classified to obtain building material products, and the metal minerals of the coarse fraction ore are not comprehensively recovered, so that the sulfur and heavy metal contents in the stone products are higher, and the product quality is influenced. In addition, the patent flow is too complex and is suitable for large-scale factories for waste rock centralized treatment, but many local policies require waste rock to be treated on site, and the patent application technology is not suitable for the situation.
On the other hand, the grade of the ore is measured by an X-ray separator, and the high-grade ore is recovered. For example, in the patent publication of invention named as "gold ore and Jin Feidan gold-rich mineral separation method", the waste ore is coarsely crushed to the maximum particle size below 120mm to obtain coarse crushed stone; screening the coarse crushed stones to obtain first gold-rich ores with the size fraction below 30mm and ores to be sorted with the size fraction larger than 30 mm; the ore to be sorted enters an X-ray sorting machine, qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements in the ore to be sorted is realized according to the wavelength and the intensity of the X-ray, and barren rocks and second gold-rich ore are obtained after separation; finely crushing the first gold-rich ore and the second gold-rich ore until the particle size is less than 12mm, and grinding and grading the obtained finely crushed products; and (4) carrying out flotation on the obtained ground ore classification product to recover gold, and carrying out flotation to obtain a gold concentrate product and tailings. The separation method has the main problems that the separation effect of the X-ray separator is poor, the separation method recovers ores with element quantitative analysis results higher than a set value, a separation system is not intelligent enough, the grade difference between the ores with measured values higher than the set value and the ores with measured values lower than the set value is not large, the enrichment ratio of gold-rich ores is low, and the separation efficiency is low; in addition, the crushing and grading process of the patent is not reasonable enough, the whole process investment is large, the economic benefit is poor, and the production practice is difficult.
Therefore, it is an urgent problem to improve and optimize the low-grade gold ore separation process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a low-grade gold ore separation and tailless utilization process, wherein the low-grade gold ore is separated through an intelligent light separation and crushing combined process to obtain a building material product stone and a rough concentrate, the rough concentrate is subjected to gravity separation by a gravity separation system to obtain building material product sand and gravity concentrate, the gravity concentrate enters a flotation system to obtain concentrate and tailings, and the tailings are prepared into building material products, non-autoclaved bricks and aerated concrete blocks.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following steps:
1. a low-grade gold ore sorting and tailing-free utilization process comprises the following steps: the first step is as follows: an intelligent light selection and crushing grading combined treatment process; secondly, the rough concentrate obtained in the first step enters a gravity flotation separation process; and step three, manufacturing building material products with different specifications by using the tailings at different stages.
The intelligent light sorting and crushing grading combined system is simultaneously connected with a building material product A manufacturing process; the heavy-floating separation process comprises a gravity separation system and a flotation system; the gravity system is simultaneously connected with a building material product B manufacturing procedure; the flotation system is simultaneously connected with a building material product C manufacturing procedure; the building material product A is pebble, and the building material product B is sand; the building material product C is a non-steamed baking-free brick or an aerated concrete block.
The working procedure of manufacturing building material products with different specifications by the tailings in the different stages means that the types of the building material products which can be manufactured by the tailings in the different stages are different due to different grain sizes; and the tailing products are separated in time at different stages, so that the production load of the next procedure can be greatly reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
The intelligent light sorting and crushing grading combined system comprises a low-grade gold ore sorting system of an intelligent light sorting machine for identifying the gold content of ores and a combined arrangement of the intelligent light sorting machine, a crushing machine and a screening machine.
The low-grade gold ore sorting system of the intelligent optical separator comprises the following steps:
step 1), manually selecting high-grade gold-containing ores and low-grade gold-free ores from the ores according to the process mineralogy characteristics of the ores;
step 2), photographing the two ores in the step 1) by using an intelligent light separator;
step 3), carrying out artificial intelligence deep learning on the shot pictures in the step 2), and training a model for identifying the content of the gold in the ore;
step 4), loading the model in the step 4) into an intelligent optical separator, actually separating ores, and carrying out model optimization adjustment according to a separation effect;
and 5) selecting the ore types which are difficult to identify independently to obtain a photographing optimization model so as to improve the identification accuracy of the system.
The intelligent optical selector comprises two types;
i: the light source of the visible light intelligent optical separator is specific visible light, the light intensities of the visible light with different frequencies are different, the photographed picture is a color picture obtained by amplifying the optical characteristics of the ore, and the machine type is suitable for sorting the ore with the granularity of 2-20 mm;
II: the light source of the X-ray transmission intelligent light separator is X-ray, the photographed picture is a single gray picture formed when the X-ray transmits ores, and the X-ray transmission intelligent light separator is suitable for ore separation with the granularity of 10-200 mm;
the combined arrangement of the crushing machine and the screening machine comprises three modes, namely open circuit arrangement, a closed circuit flow of photodressing tailing re-crushing and a closed circuit flow of photodressing concentrate re-crushing.
The open-circuit arrangement is that the raw ore enters screening operation after being crushed, the undersize is stone mud, and the oversize enters light separation operation to obtain light separation concentrate and light separation tailings; when the content of the fine ore fraction is small, the screening operation can be omitted.
The closed process of the photodressing tailings recracking comprises the following steps: after feeding and light separation, crushing and screening the light separation tailings, and returning the products on the screen to a light separator to form a closed circuit so as to improve the light separation recovery rate; when the fine fraction content of the raw ore is higher, grading operation needs to be set first.
The closed circuit flow of the photodressing concentrate recrushing comprises three ore feeding modes according to different ore feeding points:
i, feeding 1: after ore feeding, crushing and grading, the coarse fraction product enters optical separation, the optical separation concentrate returns to a crushing system, and the optical separation tailings are used as final tailings; the ore feeding 1 has wider application condition and low requirement on the granularity of ore feeding materials;
II, feeding 2: after feeding and grading, fine materials are directly used as a concentrate product, a coarse fraction product enters optical separation, the optical separation concentrate is broken and then returned to the grading operation, the optical separation tailings are used as final tailings, and the feeding II is suitable for the condition that the feeding granularity is slightly fine;
III feeding 3: feeding ore, performing light concentration operation, taking the light concentration tailings as final tailings, feeding the light concentration concentrate into a crushing system, performing grading operation on the crushed product, taking a fine-grained product as final concentrate, returning a coarse-grained product to the light concentration operation, and feeding ore III is suitable for the conditions that the feeding ore is coarse in grain size and low in fine-grained content.
Has the positive and beneficial effects that: the invention relates to an overall process arrangement designed based on a tailing stage separation principle, and a development design of a low-grade gold ore sorting system of an intelligent optical separator developed based on the following two characteristics; the method is characterized in that: during the crushing process of the gold ore, mainly gold-bearing minerals, namely sulfide ores, are exposed to the surface of the ore, and the more obvious the sulfide ores are exposed on the surface after crushing, the higher the gold ore content is; the ore is photographed under visible light, and the image characteristics of the photograph can be used as the basis for deep learning modeling; the second characteristic: the attenuation of the gold ore is stronger than that of gangue minerals during X-ray transmission, so that under the X-ray transmission, the more the dark region in an imaging picture accords with the distribution characteristic of the gold-loaded minerals, the higher the gold ore content is; the ore is photographed under X-ray transmission, and the image characteristics of the photograph can be used as the basis for deep learning modeling. The principle of the combined arrangement of the light separator, the crushing machine and the screening machine is as follows: (1) sieving in advance before optical selection to separate out the fine part; (2) when the closed circuit is closed with a crusher, the crushing ratio of the closed circuit is smaller than the light-selecting particle size ratio, namely the value of the upper light-selecting particle size limit divided by the lower light-selecting particle size limit; (3) the tailings after the photodressing can be photodressed again to improve the total recovery rate, and the concentrates after the photodressing can be photodressed again to improve the concentrate grade, namely, the concentration effect of the intelligent photodressing machine taking visible light as a light source is more obvious; (4) the circulation load after the closed loop is related to the screening size, the screening efficiency, the fitting degree of a light selection model and the particle size distribution of the crushed product. Finally, the whole process based on the principle of tailing stage separation is realized, the system conforming amount is reduced, the production cost is reduced, different types of building material products are produced, and the product requirements under different market environments are met; compared with the traditional light separator, the light separator loaded with the system has higher separation accuracy. The combined closed-circuit arrangement of the light separator, the crushing machine and the screening machine has higher grade and recovery rate of the separated concentrate compared with the traditional open-circuit arrangement, and simultaneously, one light separator can replace the functions of a plurality of traditional light separators, thus saving the equipment investment; and the crushing process adopted in the current plant selection is closer, and the crushing process can be organically combined with the crushing process for modification.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an open circuit layout;
FIG. 3 is a closed flow chart of the photodressing tailing re-crushing;
FIG. 4 is a closed flow chart of the photoconcentration concentrate recrushing;
FIG. 5 is a process flow diagram of the closed circuit flow of the re-crushing of the optically selected concentrate;
FIG. 6 is a process flow diagram of a reselection system;
FIG. 7 is a process flow diagram of a flotation system;
FIG. 8 is a process flow of non-steamed and non-baked brick;
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of the process for crushing a gold ore of example 2;
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of the crushing process after the improvement and upgrade of a certain gold ore in example 2;
FIG. 11 is a flow chart of the process for crushing a gold ore of example 4;
FIG. 12 is a flow chart of the crushing process after the improvement and upgrade of a certain gold ore in example 4;
FIG. 13 is the open circuit flow I in example 5;
FIG. 14 is a closed circuit flow chart of example 5;
FIG. 15 is opening flow scheme II in example 5;
in the figure: and O represents that the left side of the crushing and screening operation is undersize products, the right side is undersize products, the left side of the light separation operation is concentrate products, and the right side is tailing products.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific embodiments:
as shown in fig. 1, a low-grade gold ore sorting and tailing-free utilization process comprises the following steps: the first step is as follows: an intelligent light selection and crushing grading combined treatment process; secondly, the rough concentrate obtained in the first step enters a gravity flotation separation process; and step three, manufacturing building material products with different specifications by using the tailings at different stages. The invention adopts stage separation to the tailings, namely, in the process of crushing and grinding, the granularity of the ore is gradually reduced, and the tailings are separated by stages by adopting different separation methods under different size fractions; thereby reducing the treatment amount of the next working procedure, reducing the processing cost and obtaining building material products with different specifications.
The intelligent light sorting and crushing grading combined system is simultaneously connected with a building material product A manufacturing process; the gravity separation system is simultaneously connected with a manufacturing process of a building material product B; the flotation system is simultaneously connected with a building material product C manufacturing procedure; the building material product A is pebble, and the building material product B is sand; the building material product C is a non-autoclaved and non-burnt brick and an aerated concrete block;
the intelligent light sorting and crushing grading combined system comprises a low-grade gold ore sorting system of an intelligent light sorting machine for identifying the gold ore content of the ore and the combined arrangement of the intelligent light sorting machine, a crushing machine and a screening machine;
the low-grade gold ore sorting system of the intelligent optical separator comprises the following steps:
step 1), manually selecting gold ore-containing ores with higher grade and gold ore-free ores with lower grade from ores according to the process mineralogy characteristics of the ores;
step 2), taking a picture of the two ores obtained in the step 1) by using an intelligent light separator; the first type of the intelligent optical separator takes visible light as a light source, and aims at ores with obvious surface characteristics, namely ores with obvious surface characteristics are exposed, visible light is adopted for photographing at the moment, the ores with gold show special metal luster under the visible light, and the more the ores with gold on the surface are exposed, the higher the gold content of the ores is; the second type is an intelligent optical separator taking x-rays as a light source, when ores are large or the exposure condition of gold-loaded minerals on the surface is poor, x-rays are adopted for transmission scanning to take a picture, and the capability of the x-rays for penetrating the gold-loaded minerals is weaker than that of the x-rays for penetrating the gangue minerals, so that the content of the gold ores can be judged according to imaging characteristics;
step 3), carrying out artificial intelligence deep learning on the shot pictures in the step 2), and training a model for identifying the content of the ore and the gold ore;
step 4), loading the model in the step 4) into an intelligent light separator, actually separating ores, and adjusting according to a separation effect;
and 5) independently selecting ore types which are difficult to identify, photographing and modeling so as to improve the identification accuracy of the system.
The combined arrangement of the crushing machine and the screening machine comprises three modes, namely open circuit arrangement, a closed circuit flow of recrushing of the optically selected tailings and a closed circuit flow of recrushing of the optically selected concentrate;
as shown in fig. 2, the open-circuit arrangement is that the raw ore enters a screening operation after being crushed, the undersize is stone mud, and the oversize enters a light separation operation to obtain light separation concentrate and light separation tailings; when the content of the fine ore fraction is small, the screening operation can be omitted;
as shown in fig. 3, the closed process of re-crushing the tailings by optical separation comprises: after feeding and light separation, crushing and screening the light separation tailings, and returning the products on the screen to a light separator to form a closed circuit so as to improve the light separation recovery rate; when the fine fraction content of the raw ore is higher, a grading operation needs to be set first. The closed process of crushing the tailings after the light separation can improve the recovery rate of the system.
The light dressing tailings re-crushing closed flow is suitable for the waste disposal of raw ore or coarse crushed raw ore in advance, and at the moment, the mineral grade is larger, the content of fine fraction is less, and the separation is not interfered. The tailings are used as building stone raw materials, and stone products of various grain grades are obtained after multi-section screening; and taking the concentrate as rough concentrate to enter the next separation process.
The light separation tailings are crushed into coarse or medium size pieces in a closed-circuit crushing process, and the screening size is 30-50mm, and can be adjusted according to the granularity of building material products.
The indexes that can be adjusted are as follows: 1. fitting degree of the light selection model; 2. the particle size distribution of the crushed product is determined by the type of the crusher and the width of the ore discharge port; 3. size of sieve
The higher the degree of fitting of the light selection model is set, the smaller the light selection operation yield is, and the larger the cyclic load rate is; the finer the size fraction of the crushed product is, the smaller the cyclic load rate is under the condition that other equipment is not changed; the finer the screening grade is, the larger the cyclic load rate is under the condition that other equipment is not changed; if the grade of the fine-grained sample in the tailings is high, the tailings can be screened, and the fine-grained sample can be recovered.
As shown in fig. 4, the closed circuit flow of the re-crushing of the optically selected concentrate includes three ore feeding modes:
i, feeding 1: after ore feeding, crushing and grading, the coarse fraction product enters optical separation, the optical separation concentrate returns to a crushing system, and the optical separation tailings are used as final tailings; the cyclic load rate refers to the ratio of the material quantity returned to the crusher to the original ore quantity, the ore feeding 1 has wider application condition and low requirement on the granularity of the ore feeding material;
II, feeding 2: after feeding and grading, directly taking fine materials as a concentrate product, feeding a coarse fraction product into optical separation, crushing the optical separation concentrate, returning the crushed optical separation concentrate to the grading operation, taking the optical separation tailings as final tailings, and applying a feeding II to the condition of fine feeding granularity;
III feeding 3: feeding ore, performing light concentration operation, taking the light concentration tailings as final tailings, feeding the light concentration concentrate into a crushing system, performing grading operation on crushed products, taking fine-grained products as final concentrate, returning coarse-grained products to the light concentration operation, and feeding ore III is suitable for the conditions that the feeding ore is coarse in grain size and low in fine-grained content.
The three ore feeding modes can be combined and applied; the closed process of crushing the concentrate by light separation can improve the concentrate grade of the system.
The light concentration concentrate re-crushing closed flow is suitable for the final crushing product working section, and the grading granularity is fine; the gold ore is enriched in fine fraction due to brittleness; and the light concentration concentrate is crushed and graded again, so that gold ore is enriched in fine fraction. The light concentration concentrate is crushed into fine powder in a closed circuit flow, the screening size is 3-15mm, and the adjustment is carried out according to the distribution rate of metal minerals in each size fraction.
The indexes that can be adjusted are as follows: 1. feeding a mine site; 2. fitting degree of the light selection model; 3. the particle size distribution of the crushed product is determined by the type of the crusher and the width of the ore discharge port; 4. and (4) screening the materials according to the size.
Different ore feeding points have different requirements on ore feeding, and the stable number and mass distribution of closed cycle is also different; the higher the fitting degree setting of the light selection model is, the lower the light selection operation yield is and the lower the cyclic load rate is; the finer the size fraction of the crushed product is, the smaller the cyclic load rate is under the condition that other equipment is not changed; the finer the screening grade is, the larger the cyclic load rate is under the condition that other equipment is not changed; the arrangement modes of the three intelligent light separators, the crushing equipment and the screening equipment can be flexibly applied according to the characteristics and the requirements.
Example 1
Investigation of the gold barren rock test in certain places
In the embodiment of the closed circuit for the regrinding of the optically selected concentrate shown in fig. 5, the raw ore is coarsely crushed to obtain a product of about 0-120mm, in which the fine fraction is lower;
obtaining rough concentrate and rough tailings through first-stage light separation;
coarse concentrate passes through a 10mm sieve after medium and fine crushing, and products on the sieve pass through two-stage light separation; the second-stage light concentration concentrate is the final concentrate and enters a grinding gravity concentration system; returning the second-stage light concentration concentrate to medium fine crushing, and taking the second-stage light concentration tailings as tailings 1; the granularity of the tailings 1 is more than 10 mm;
after the coarse tailings enter a medium-sized crusher, sieving the coarse tailings by a 30mm sieve, and returning products on the sieve to a first-stage light separation; the product under the screen is tailings 2; the granularity of the tailings 2 is below 40 mm.
And grading the tailings 1 and 2 again to obtain building material product stones with different grain sizes.
The raw ore grade is 0.35g/t, the concentrate grade obtained by the intelligent light separation and crushing grading combined process system is 1.08g/t, the concentrate yield is 19.84%, and the concentrate recovery rate is 61.22%; the total yield of the grade of the tailings 1 and 2 is 80.16%, the grade is 0.17g/t, and the recovery rate is 38.78%.
As shown in fig. 6, the reselection system is: the concentrate grain size fraction obtained by the intelligent light separation and crushing and screening combined process system is 0-10mm, and can be separated by a common conventional gravity separation system, and the specific process is as follows: grinding the rough concentrate to be less than 3mm by a rod mill, allowing the rough concentrate to enter a first-stage chute for gravity separation, allowing gravity-separated concentrate in the first-stage chute to enter a second-stage chute, allowing concentrate in the second-stage chute to enter a third-stage chute, and allowing concentrate in the third-stage chute to be final concentrate; the tailings of the three-section chute enter a closed circuit of a second-section chute, the tailings of the second-section chute enter a closed circuit of a first-section chute, the tailings of the first-section chute are the tailings of a gravity separation system, the tailings of the first-section chute can be used as building material sand after sand washing, and mud is combined with the tailings of a flotation system. When the coarse concentrate is high in grade, the gravity separation system can be skipped to directly enter the flotation system.
Grinding the rough concentrate to be less than 3mm by a rod mill, allowing the rough concentrate to enter a first-stage chute for gravity separation, allowing gravity-separated concentrate in the first-stage chute to enter a second-stage chute, allowing concentrate in the second-stage chute to enter a third-stage chute, and allowing concentrate in the third-stage chute to be final concentrate; the tailings of the three-section chute enter a closed circuit of a second-section chute, the tailings of the second-section chute enter a closed circuit of a first-section chute, the tailings of the first-section chute are the tailings of a gravity separation system, the tailings of the first-section chute can be used as building material sand after sand washing, and mud is combined with the tailings of a flotation system.
The concentrate yield of the gravity concentration system is 6.08 percent, the concentrate recovery rate is 49.33 percent, and the concentrate grade is 2.84 percent; the sand yield is 11.84%, the sand recovery rate is 11.16%, and the sand grade is 0.33g/t; the mud yield was 1.92%, the mud grade was 0.137% g/t, and the mud recovery was 0.72%.
As shown in fig. 7, gravity concentrate in the flotation system is ground by a ball mill until the gravity concentrate is smaller than 0.075mm and accounts for 60% -85%, and then enters roughing, 40-160 g/t of butyl xanthate as a collecting agent, 20-80 g/t of butylamine black powder and 40-80 g/t of foaming agent No. 2 oil are added in roughing; the dosage of the first medicament for scavenging is reduced by half, and the dosage of the second medicament for scavenging is reduced by half. When the lead content in the ore is higher, 20-80 g/t of ethidium and nitrogen are added in the rough concentration.
Grinding gravity concentrate by a ball mill until the gravity concentrate is less than 0.075mm and accounts for 70%, performing rough concentration, and adding 80g/t of collecting agent butyl xanthate, 40g/t of butylamine black powder and 40g/t of foaming agent No. 2 oil into the rough concentration; the dosage of the first scavenging medicament is reduced by half, and the dosage of the second scavenging medicament is reduced by half. The yield of flotation concentrate is 0.512%, the concentrate grade is 31.52g/t, and the concentrate recovery rate is 46.11%; the yield of the tailings is 5.568%, the grade of the tailings is 0.20g/t, and the recovery rate of the tailings is 3.23%.
The building material products C are non-autoclaved and non-burnt bricks and aerated concrete blocks. Taking flotation system tailings and gravity system mud as raw materials, adding cement, forming under certain pressure, and curing for 14-28 days. An aerated concrete block. Taking tailings of a flotation system and gravity system mud as raw materials, adding cement and a foaming agent, forming under certain pressure, and curing for 3-15 days.
The final product is indicated in Table 1
Example 2
Technical improvement of crushing system of certain gold selecting factory
As shown in fig. 9, the raw ore enters a coarse screen after being coarsely crushed, the product on the screen enters a middle crushing mode, the product on the middle crushing mode enters a fine screen, the product on the screen of the fine screen enters a fine crushing mode, and the fine crushed product returns to the fine screen; and combining the undersize sieve and the undersize sieve of the coarse sieve into a crushed product.
The mine enterprise has large gold waste rock inventory, and in order to treat the solid waste in a recycling and tailless manner, the process is modified, and the process flow chart after modification is shown in figure 10:
the raw ore is coarsely crushed and then enters a coarse sieve with the size of 10mm, products on the sieve enter a medium crushing mode, products on the medium crushing mode enter a fine sieve, and products on the fine sieve enter a light separation mode; the light concentration tailings are building material products, light concentration concentrate enters fine crushing, and the fine crushed products are returned to a fine screen; products under the coarse screen and the fine screen are gold ore products and enter a sorting system.
After the process is modified, the production indexes of the process system are shown in the table 3.
The selected grade is improved from 0.31g/t to 1.42g/t after transformation, so that the gold waste rock is changed into an ore product rich in gold from solid waste.
Example 3
Intelligent optical selection test for Jin Feidan in certain area
The method is characterized in that investigation is carried out on a certain gold ore, three types of high-grade waste rock, medium-grade waste rock and low-grade waste rock are collected, and intelligent light separation tests are respectively carried out.
Roughing test
The test adopts three types of ores of high grade, medium grade and low grade to carry out sorting by an intelligent sorting machine, and the test results are shown in tables 4-6.
TABLE 4 high grade Jin Feidan sort test
Sorting test of grade Jin Feidan in table 5
TABLE 6 separation test of low-grade gold waste
As can be seen from the above table, the sorting indexes of the gold waste rocks of different grades have certain difference, and the total recovery rate is also reduced along with the reduction of the grade of the gold waste rocks.
Fine sweep test
Next, a scavenging test was performed using the medium-grade gold waste rock as a sample, and the test results are shown in table 7.
Table 7 middle grade waste rock scavenging test
As can be seen from Table 7, after the scavenging operation, middling products with the grade of 0.31g/t are separated from the raw tailings with the gold grade of 0.080 g/t. The scavenging operation is proved to be effective, but the grade of the middling product is low, and whether scavenging is needed or not needs to be judged through economic accounting.
The following concentration test is performed, and the sweep test is performed by taking high-grade gold waste rock as a sample, and the test results are shown in table 8.
TABLE 8 high grade barren rock concentration test
As can be seen from Table 8, the concentration operation increased the raw concentrate product from 2.123g/t to 2.555g/t, yielding a middling product of grade 0.981 g/t. The concentration operation is proved to have certain effect, but the middling product has higher grade, and whether the concentration is needed or not needs to be judged through economic accounting.
Small knot
The following conclusions were obtained by the experiment:
1. the intelligent sorting machine has good sorting effect on the gold waste rocks;
2. the intelligent sorting machine has certain effect on the fine sweeping operation, but the necessity of the fine sweeping operation needs to be judged through economic accounting;
example 4
Intelligent light sorting closed-circuit test for low-grade gold ore in certain area
The grade of gold ore in a certain area is low, only 0.61g/t, and the ore dressing cost is high. The crushing system is firstly subjected to the combined process transformation of intelligent light separation, crushing and grading, the ore-selecting grade of the gold ore is improved, the grinding mill is reduced, and the ore-dressing cost is reduced.
The original crushing flow chart is shown in figure 11.
Raw ore enters a coarse sieve with the size of 20 x 40mm after passing through a coarse crushing closed chute which is screened in advance, products on the coarse sieve enter medium crushing, products below the sieve pass through a fine sieve with the size of 10 x 20mm, the products below the fine sieve are crushed products, products on the fine sieve and the medium crushing products enter fine crushing together, and the products after the fine crushing return to the coarse sieve for screening.
The flow chart of the modified intelligent light sorting-crushing grading combined process is shown in figure 12.
Pre-photosetting raw ores, coarsely crushing photosetting tailings, screening by using a bar screen, returning oversize products to the photosetting operation, and taking undersize products as waste stones to enter a waste stone bin;
the optically sorted concentrate enters a 20 × 40mm coarse sieve, products on the coarse sieve enter medium crushing, products under the coarse sieve enter a 10 × 20 fine sieve, products on the fine sieve enter a second stage of optically sorting operation, and products under the fine sieve are crushed products and enter an ore dressing system;
and (4) performing fine crushing operation on the light concentration concentrate and the medium crushed product, and returning the fine crushed product to the coarse sieve.
The waste stone bin and the stones are simply treated to become building material products.
The test results after modification are shown in Table 9.
Example 5
Comparison of light-selective open circuit and light-selective closed circuit tests
An open-circuit and closed-circuit comparison test is carried out by adopting Jin Feidan in a certain area, and the granularity of waste rocks is less than 200mm. The open circuit process I is shown in figure 13, and the open circuit process I is two-stage optical selection; the closed-loop flow is shown in fig. 14, and the closed-loop flow comprises two sections of light selection; the open circuit process II is shown in figure 15, and the open circuit process II is three-stage optical selection.
The test results are shown in Table 10.
As can be seen from table 10, the closed-circuit sorting effect is far better than the open-circuit sorting effect in the two-stage optical sorting; comparing two-section light separation closed-circuit light separation with three-section light separation open-circuit light separation, the concentrate grade of the two-section light separation closed-circuit light separation is slightly higher, and the concentrate recovery rate of the three-section light separation open-circuit light separation is slightly higher; the other advantage of the two-section light-selecting and closed-light-selecting process is that the size fraction of tailings is mainly 10 to 40mm, the tailings is the main size fraction of building material products, and the size fraction distribution is more advantageous when the tailings are sold as the building material products. In the course of the tests, it was also found that the closed-circuit optical selection has a disadvantage in that the processing capacity is lower than that of the open-circuit optical selection, so that in the actual sorting process the open-circuit and closed-circuit optical selections are combined according to different processing requirements.
Terms to be described:
the cyclic load rate refers to the ratio of the amount of material returned to the light separator to the amount of raw ore.
The crushing ratio refers to the ratio of the particle size of the ore before crushing to the particle size of the product after crushing.
The fitting degree of the optical sorting model refers to the fitting degree of the system for evaluating the ore imaging photo, and the fitting degree is generally set to be more than 60% during sorting.
The gold-bearing mineral refers to the mineral component mainly containing gold in the gold ore.
The invention relates to an overall process arrangement designed based on a tailing stage separation principle, and a development design of a low-grade gold ore sorting system of an intelligent optical separator developed based on the following three characteristics; the method is characterized in that: during the crushing process of the gold ore, the gold-loaded minerals are exposed to the surface of the ore, and the more obvious the gold-loaded minerals are exposed on the surface after crushing, the higher the gold content is; the ore is photographed under visible light, and the image characteristics of the photograph can be used as the basis for deep learning modeling; the second characteristic: the attenuation of the gold-loaded minerals is stronger than that of gangue minerals during X-ray transmission, so that under the X-ray transmission, the more the dark regions in the imaging picture accord with the distribution characteristics of gold ores, the higher the gold content of the gold-loaded minerals is; the ore is photographed under X-ray transmission, and the image characteristics of the photograph can be used as the basis for deep learning modeling. The characteristics are as follows: the main gold-carrying minerals in the gold ore, namely the sulfide ores, are easy to enrich in fine fractions in the crushing process. The principle of the combined arrangement of the light separator, the crushing machine and the screening machine is as follows: (1) sieving in advance before optical selection to separate out the fine part; (2) when the closed circuit is closed with a crusher, the crushing ratio of the closed circuit is smaller than the light-selecting particle size ratio, namely the value of the upper light-selecting particle size limit divided by the lower light-selecting particle size limit; (3) the tailings after the photodressing can be photodressed again to improve the total recovery rate, and the concentrates after the photodressing can be photodressed again to improve the concentrate grade, namely the effect of the intelligent optical dressing machine taking visible light as a light source is more obvious; (4) the circulation load after the closed loop is related to the screening size, the screening efficiency, the fitting degree of a light selection model and the particle size distribution of the crushed product. Finally, the whole process based on the principle of tailing stage separation is realized, the system load is reduced, the production cost is reduced, building material products of different types are produced, and the product requirements under different market environments are met; compared with the traditional light separator, the light separator loaded with the system has higher separation accuracy. The combined closed-circuit arrangement of the light separator, the crushing machine and the screening machine has higher grade and recovery rate of the separated concentrate compared with the traditional open-circuit arrangement, and simultaneously, one light separator can replace the functions of a plurality of traditional light separators, thus saving the equipment investment; and the crushing process adopted in the current plant selection is closer, and the crushing process can be organically combined with the crushing process for modification.
Claims (4)
1. A low-grade gold ore separation and tailing-free utilization process is characterized by comprising the following steps: the first step is as follows: an intelligent light selection and crushing grading combined treatment process; secondly, the rough concentrate obtained in the first step enters a gravity flotation separation process; step three, manufacturing building material products with different specifications by the tailings in different stages;
the intelligent light sorting, crushing and grading combined system of the intelligent light sorting, crushing and grading combined treatment process comprises a low-grade gold ore sorting system of an intelligent light sorting machine for identifying the gold content of ores and the combined arrangement of the intelligent light sorting machine, a crushing machine and a screening machine;
the low-grade gold ore sorting system of the intelligent optical separator is applied to the following steps:
step 1), according to the process mineralogy characteristics of ores and the obvious condition that sulfide ores are exposed on the surface of crushed ores, selecting gold-containing ores and non-gold-containing ores manually;
step 2), photographing the two ores in the step 1) by using an intelligent light separator;
step 3), carrying out artificial intelligence deep learning on the shot pictures in the step 2), and training a model for identifying the content of the gold in the ore;
step 4), loading the model in the step 4) into an intelligent light separator, actually separating ores, and carrying out model optimization adjustment according to a separation effect;
step 5), selecting a photographing optimization model for the ore types difficult to identify independently so as to improve the identification accuracy of the system;
the intelligent optical selector comprises two types;
i: the light source of the visible light intelligent optical separator is specific visible light, the light intensities of the visible light with different frequencies are different, the photographed picture is a color picture obtained by amplifying the optical characteristics of the ore, and the machine type is suitable for sorting the ore with the granularity of 2-20 mm;
II: the light source of the X-ray transmission light intelligent light separator is X-ray, the photographed picture is a single gray-scale picture formed when the X-ray transmits ore, and the X-ray transmission light intelligent light separator is suitable for ore separation with the granularity of 10-200 mm.
2. The low-grade gold ore separation and tailing-free utilization process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the intelligent light sorting and crushing grading combined system is simultaneously connected with a building material product A manufacturing process; the heavy-floating separation process comprises a gravity separation system and a flotation system; the gravity system is simultaneously connected with a building material product B manufacturing procedure; the flotation system is simultaneously connected with a building material product C manufacturing procedure; the building material product A is stone, and the building material product B is sand; the building material product C is a non-steamed baking-free brick or an aerated concrete block.
3. The low-grade gold ore separation and tailing-free utilization process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the working procedure of manufacturing building material products with different specifications by the tailings in the different stages means that the types of the manufactured building material products are different due to different grain sizes of the tailings in the different stages; and the tailing products are separated in time at different stages, so that the production load of the next procedure is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
4. The low-grade gold ore separation and tailing-free utilization process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the combined arrangement of the crushing machine and the screening machine comprises three modes, namely open circuit arrangement, a closed circuit flow of photodressing tailing re-crushing and a closed circuit flow of photodressing concentrate re-crushing.
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Effective date of registration: 20221201 Address after: 450052 No. 28, Jinshui Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province Applicant after: HENAN ROCK MINERAL TESTING CENTRE Applicant after: First geological team of Henan nonferrous metals geology and Mineral Resources Bureau Address before: 450052 No. 28, Jinshui Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province Applicant before: HENAN ROCK MINERAL TESTING CENTRE |
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