CN113397066A - 一种深海养殖鱼高脂饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种深海养殖鱼高脂饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113397066A CN113397066A CN202110736825.XA CN202110736825A CN113397066A CN 113397066 A CN113397066 A CN 113397066A CN 202110736825 A CN202110736825 A CN 202110736825A CN 113397066 A CN113397066 A CN 113397066A
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- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种深海养殖鱼高脂饲料及其制备方法,以复合花生酱,发酵混合物、蛋氨酸锰、维生素A、维生素E、叶酸、2‑羟基‑4‑甲硫基丁酸、L‑半胱氨酸、猪油、OPO结构脂、海藻酸丙二醇脂和包衣剂为原料,制得深海养殖鱼高脂饲料。本发明高脂饲料不但促进深海养殖鱼生长提高存活率和鱼油提取率,而且有效提高深海养殖鱼的规格和重量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及鱼饲料领域,特别涉及一种深海养殖鱼高脂饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
在深海鱼的养殖过程中,饲料的选择是一个很重要的因素,目前,普通的深海饲料只能提供通常的营养成分,饲养出来的深海鱼鱼肉品质一般,特别是DHA、EPA含量较低,不能生产高端深海鱼产品,导致养殖户的养殖效益低,深海鱼日常进食浮游生物和海藻类植物,随着工业化发展,海洋环境遭到污染,深海鱼食物日渐减少,以及有害物质增多,影响深海鱼生长。因此需要一种深海养殖鱼饲料来促进深海养殖鱼生长。例如,CN202010697704.4一种深海网箱养殖鱼高脂饲料配方及其制备方法,通过提高鱼油含量促进深海鱼生长;CN201810873113.0一种环保型鲫鱼低蛋高脂配合饲料利用动植物蛋白源之间的氨基酸互补性和添加晶体氨基酸平衡饲料氨基酸组成,降低饲料蛋白水平,提高饲料脂肪水平,该发明中涉及的鲫鱼为浅水鱼。现需要一种在深海鱼饲料,不但能提供丰富的营养,提高深海养殖鱼抗病性,而且在投食时不易被溶解的高脂饲料,提高饲料的利用率。
发明内容
鉴以此,本发明提出一种深海养殖鱼高脂饲料及其制备方法。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
1、深海养殖鱼高脂饲料按重量份计,称取以下原料:10~18份复合花生酱,50~60份发酵混合物、1~2份蛋氨酸锰、5~7份维生素A、5~7份维生素E、3~5份叶酸、2~5份2-羟基-4-甲硫基丁酸、8~10份L-半胱氨酸、10~13份猪油、5~7份OPO结构脂、13~17份海藻酸丙二醇脂和5~8份包衣剂。
2、复合花生酱的制备方法:
(1)按质量比1:0.05~0.08:0.01~0.03:0.007~0.009取花生、海带、紫菜和黄原胶,备用;
(2)将花生翻炒10~15min;
(3)将翻炒后的花生、海带和紫菜剁碎加入水中熬煮2~3h,料液重量比为1:1.5~2,熬煮期间每隔20min搅拌一次,关火后加入黄原胶,制得复合花生酱。
3、发酵混合物的制备方法为:按重量份计,将发芽小麦30~40份、豆粕10~15份、***12~14份、牡蛎15~17份、磷酸二氢钾2~4份、黄桃5~8份、槟榔3~7份、姜黄4~8份、黑杨萎蔫枝1~3份、鱼蛋白粉14~17份、苏云金杆菌1~2份、双歧杆菌3~6份、毕赤酵母菌2~4份混合发酵48~72h,发酵温度为45~50℃。
4、包衣剂的制备方法:按重量份计,将聚乙二醇1~3份、聚乙烯缩乙醛二乙胺醋酸酯2~5份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮4~7份、羟丙基甲纤维素2~5份和质量分数为65~75%乙醇溶液10~15份混合均匀。
5、深海养殖鱼高脂饲料的制备方法包括以下步骤;
(1)混合饲料:将发酵混合物绞碎,加入复合花生酱、猪油、蛋氨酸锰、维生素A、维生素E、叶酸、2-羟基-4-甲硫基丁酸、L-半胱氨酸、OPO结构脂和海藻酸丙二醇脂搅拌均匀;
(2)制粒:将混合饲料使用挤压制粒法制粒;
(3)颗粒包衣:将步骤(2)制得的颗粒使用流化床底喷包衣剂进行包衣,得到包衣颗粒;
(4)高脂饲料:将包衣颗粒采用沸腾干燥法进行干燥。
进一步的,步骤5中,挤压制粒法选用孔径为0.4~0.8cm的筛网进行制备。
进一步的,步骤5中,流化床底喷包衣剂的雾化压力0.5~1MPa,喷雾液流量150~200ml/min,期间保持物料温度在45~50℃。
进一步的,步骤5中,沸腾干燥法沸腾干燥条件为主风道温度85~95℃,辅风道温度55~65℃,过程中物料温度控制在50~55℃,沸腾干燥时间为5~15min。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:本发明制得的高脂饲料不仅能促进鱼体中营养物质的转化和新陈代谢提高深海鱼的生长速度、深海鱼脂肪含量以及肉质口感。同时,使用本发明高脂饲料不但提高深海养殖鱼存活率和鱼油提取率,而且经检测提取得到鱼油中DHA和EPA含量较高,进一步提高深海养殖鱼的营养价值,使养殖户获得更大的经济效益。
其中,本发明高脂饲料富含抗氧化物质、膳食纤维,为苏云金杆菌、双歧杆菌、毕赤酵母菌等有益菌群提供了发酵原料,进一步调节深海养殖鱼肠道功能,改善深海养殖鱼肠道环境,提高深海养殖鱼的免疫水平和消化能力,同时增强皮肤抗菌能力,降低死亡率以及保证深海养殖鱼的外观完好。
其中,本发明高脂饲料复合花生酱制备中添加紫菜、海带和黄原胶,四种组分之间相互配合,提高复合花生酱的稳定性,花生酱中带有紫菜和海带的香气,不但提高了饲料的口感,增加深海鱼食欲,而且复合花生酱中白藜芦醇、甘露醇和蛋白质等养分更容易被深海养殖鱼所吸收转化,避免深海养殖鱼的肠胃病发生。
其中,本发明高脂饲料中添加一定配比的槟榔、姜黄、黑杨萎蔫枝,三味中药科学配比,与发酵剂中各组分协同增效,不但有效防止寄生虫对深海养殖鱼的侵害,而且增强深海养殖鱼的抗病率。
另外,本发明将高脂饲料进行包衣处理,投食时不会被海水快速溶解,在深海养殖鱼进食饲料后,高脂饲料迅速与消化酶反应,高脂饲料中营养成分能被深海养殖鱼充分吸收。
具体实施方式
为了更好理解本发明技术内容,下面提供具体实施例,对本发明做进一步的说明。
本发明实施例所用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
本发明实施例所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1深海养殖鱼高脂饲料
1、复合花生酱的制备方法:
(1)按质量比1:0.07:0.02:0.008取花生、海带、紫菜和黄原胶,备用;
(2)将花生翻炒13min;
(3)将翻炒后的花生、海带和紫菜剁碎加入水中熬煮2.5h,料液重量比为1:1.8,熬煮期间每隔20min搅拌一次,关火后加入黄原胶,制得复合花生酱.
2、发酵混合物的制备方法为:按重量份计,将发芽小麦35份、豆粕13份、***13份、牡蛎16份、磷酸二氢钾3份、黄桃7份、槟榔5份、姜黄6份、黑杨萎蔫枝2份、鱼蛋白粉16份、苏云金杆菌1.5份、双歧杆菌5份、毕赤酵母菌3份混合发酵60h,发酵温度为45℃。
3、包衣剂的制备方法:将聚乙二醇2份、聚乙烯缩乙醛二乙胺醋酸酯4份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮6份、羟丙基甲纤维素4份和质量分数为70%乙醇溶液13份混合均匀制得。
4、深海养殖鱼高脂饲料的制备方法包括以下步骤;
(1)混合饲料:按重量份计,将15份复合花生酱、55份发酵混合物、2份蛋氨酸锰、6份维生素A、6份维生素E、4份叶酸、3份2-羟基-4-甲硫基丁酸、9份L-半胱氨酸、12份猪油、6份OPO结构脂和15份海藻酸丙二醇脂搅拌均匀;
(2)制粒:将混合饲料使用孔径为0.6cm筛网挤压制粒;
(3)颗粒包衣:将步骤(2)制得的颗粒使用流化床底喷包衣剂进行包衣,流化床底喷包衣剂的雾化压力0.5~1.0MPa,喷雾液流量175ml/min,期间保持物料温度在45~50℃,得到包衣颗粒;
(4)高脂饲料:将包衣颗粒采用沸腾干燥法进行干燥,沸腾干燥条件为主风道温度90℃,辅风道温度60℃,过程中物料温度控制在50~55℃,沸腾干燥时间为10min,得到高脂饲料。
实施例2深海养殖鱼高脂饲料
1、复合花生酱的制备方法:
(1)按质量比1:0.08:0.03:0.009取花生、海带、紫菜和黄原胶,备用;
(2)将花生翻炒15min;
(3)将翻炒后的花生、海带和紫菜剁碎加入水中熬煮3h,料液重量比为1:2,熬煮期间每隔20min搅拌一次,关火后加入黄原胶,制得复合花生酱。
2、发酵混合物的制备方法为:按重量份计,将发芽小麦40份、豆粕15份、***14份、牡蛎17份、磷酸二氢钾4份、黄桃8份、槟榔7份、姜黄8份、黑杨萎蔫枝3份、鱼蛋白粉17份、苏云金杆菌2份、双歧杆菌6份、毕赤酵母菌4份混合发酵72h,发酵温度为50℃。
3、包衣剂的制备方法:按重量份计,将聚乙二醇3份、聚乙烯缩乙醛二乙胺醋酸酯5份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮7份、羟丙基甲纤维素5份和质量分数为75%乙醇溶液15份混合均匀。
4、深海养殖鱼高脂饲料的制备方法包括以下步骤;
(1)混合饲料:按重量份计,18份复合花生酱,60份发酵混合物、2份蛋氨酸锰、7份维生素A、7份维生素E、5份叶酸、5份2-羟基-4-甲硫基丁酸、10份L-半胱氨酸、13份猪油、5~7份OPO结构脂、17份海藻酸丙二醇脂搅拌均匀;
(2)制粒:将混合饲料使用孔径为0.8cm筛网挤压制粒;
(3)颗粒包衣:将步骤(2)制得的颗粒使用流化床底喷包衣剂进行包衣,流化床底喷包衣剂的雾化压力0.5~1.0MPa,喷雾液流量200ml/min,期间保持物料温度在45~50℃,得到包衣颗粒;
(4)高脂饲料:将包衣颗粒采用沸腾干燥法进行干燥,沸腾干燥条件为主风道温度95℃,辅风道温度65℃,过程中物料温度控制在50~55℃,沸腾干燥时间为15min,得到高脂饲料。
实施例3深海养殖鱼高脂饲料
1、复合花生酱的制备方法:
(1)按质量比1:0.05:0.01:0.007取花生、海带、紫菜和黄原胶,备用;
(2)将花生翻炒10min;
(3)将翻炒后的花生、海带和紫菜剁碎加入水中熬煮2h,料液重量比为1:1.5,熬煮期间每隔20min搅拌一次,关火后加入黄原胶,制得复合花生酱。
2、发酵混合物的制备方法为:按重量份计,将发芽小麦30份、豆粕10份、***12份、牡蛎15份、磷酸二氢钾2份、黄桃5份、槟榔3份、姜黄4份、黑杨萎蔫枝1份、鱼蛋白粉14份、苏云金杆菌1份、双歧杆菌3份、毕赤酵母菌2份混合发酵48h,发酵温度为45℃。
3、包衣剂的制备方法:按重量份计,将聚乙二醇1份、聚乙烯缩乙醛二乙胺醋酸酯2份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮4份、羟丙基甲纤维素2份和质量分数为65%乙醇溶液10份混合均匀。
4、深海养殖鱼高脂饲料的制备方法包括以下步骤;
(1)混合饲料:按重量份计,将10份复合花生酱,50份发酵混合物、1份蛋氨酸锰、5份维生素A、5份维生素E、3份叶酸、2份2-羟基-4-甲硫基丁酸、8份L-半胱氨酸、10份猪油、5份OPO结构脂、13份海藻酸丙二醇脂搅拌均匀;
(2)制粒:将混合饲料使用孔径为0.6cm筛网挤压制粒;
(3)颗粒包衣:将步骤(2)制得的颗粒使用流化床底喷包衣剂进行包衣,流化床底喷包衣剂的雾化压力0.5~1.0MPa,喷雾液流量150ml/min,期间保持物料温度在40~50℃,得到包衣颗粒;
(4)高脂饲料:将包衣颗粒采用沸腾干燥法进行干燥,沸腾干燥条件为主风道温度85℃,辅风道温度55℃,过程中物料温度控制在50~55℃,沸腾干燥时间为5min,得到高脂饲料。
对比例1
在实施例1的基础上,主要区别在于,步骤4中混合饲料没有OPO结构脂、海藻酸丙二醇脂的添加,具体为:混合饲料:按重量份计,将15份复合花生酱,55份发酵混合物、2份蛋氨酸锰、6份维生素A、6份维生素E、4份叶酸、3份2-羟基-4-甲硫基丁酸、9份L-半胱氨酸和12份猪油搅拌均匀。
对比例2
在实施例1的基础上,主要区别在于,步骤4中颗粒剂未进行包衣处理,具体为:深海养殖鱼高脂饲料的制备方法包括以下步骤;
(1)混合饲料:按重量份计,将15份复合花生酱,55份发酵混合物、2份蛋氨酸锰、6份维生素A、6份维生素E、4份叶酸、3份2-羟基-4-甲硫基丁酸、9份L-半胱氨酸、12份猪油、6份OPO结构脂、15份海藻酸丙二醇脂搅拌均匀;
(2)制粒:将混合饲料使用孔径为0.6cm筛网挤压制粒;
(3)高脂饲料:将颗粒采用沸腾干燥法进行干燥,沸腾干燥条件为主风道温度90℃,辅风道温度60℃,过程中物料温度控制在53℃,沸腾干燥时间为10min,得到高脂饲料。
对比例3
在实施例1的基础上,主要区别在于,步骤1中,未将花生、海带和紫菜制备为复合花生酱,具体为:将花生、海带和紫菜剁碎混合。
对比例4
在实施例1的基础上,主要区别在于,步骤4中,将苏云金杆菌、双歧杆菌和毕赤酵母菌等量使用,具体为:发酵混合物的制备方法为:按重量份计,将发芽小麦30~40份、豆粕10~15份、***12~14份、牡蛎15~17份、磷酸二氢钾2~4份、黄桃5~8份、槟榔3~7份、姜黄4~8份、黑杨萎蔫枝1~3份、鱼蛋白粉14~17份、苏云金杆菌4份、双歧杆菌4份、毕赤酵母菌4份混合发酵60h,发酵温度为50℃。
试验例
2020年1月至12月,在海南省陵水县新村镇养殖区内,使用深海养殖网箱,养殖网箱规格为6*6*6m,投放密度为60尾/m3,金鲳鱼鱼苗初始身长为8~10cm。将实施例1~3和对比例1~4制得的深海养殖鱼高脂饲料分别进行投喂,设置空白对照组(CK),投喂市售饲料(通威鱼饲料)。每天6点和18点投食,初始投食量为500g/kg,每30天增加10%的投食量,投食时搭配新鲜小杂鱼,小杂鱼的日投喂量为金鲳鱼体重的3%。12个月后统计金鲳鱼的存活率、体重、身长、鱼油提取率、鱼油中DHA和EPA含量。
鱼油提取:从鱼头、鱼皮和内脏中使用水提取法进行提取。
鱼油提取率=鱼油提取量/(鱼头+鱼皮+内脏)*100
DHA和EPA含量测定:使用气相色谱法测定鱼油中DHA和EPA含量测定。
气相色谱法色谱条件为:色谱柱:Agilent lechnologies;柱温箱起始温度为180℃,以10℃/min升至220℃,再以8℃/min升至250℃,保持13min;进样口温度为250℃;检测器温度为270℃;载气氮气(≥99.99%)流速1.0mL/min,空气450mL/min;氢气40mL/min;进样量1.0μL;分流比:20∶1。
实验结果
实验结果表明,实施例使用本发明制得的高脂饲料可以加快深海养殖鱼的生长速度、提高存活率和鱼油提取率,经检测提取得到鱼油中DHA和EPA含量较高,进一步提高深海养殖鱼的营养价值,使养殖户获得更大的经济效益。对比例1表明减少OPO结构脂、海藻酸丙二醇脂的添加,影响深海养殖鱼吸收饲料中的营养成分和利用,降低深海养殖鱼体重增长、鱼油提取率和存活率;对比例2未进行包衣处理,减少高脂饲料的利用率,进一步降低深海养殖鱼体重增长、鱼油提取率和存活率;对比例3未制备复合花生酱,不但影响高脂饲料的口感,而且花生中营养成分、油脂等不能被深海养殖鱼直接吸收和利用,进一步降低深海养殖鱼体重增长、鱼油提取率和存活率;对比例4将苏云金杆菌、双歧杆菌和毕赤酵母菌等量使用,菌种间未使用科学的配比,降低有益菌在肠胃中的数量,进一步降低深海养殖鱼体重增长、鱼油提取率和存活率。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种深海养殖鱼高脂饲料,其特征在于,所述高脂饲料按重量份计包括以下原料,10~18份复合花生酱、50~60份发酵混合物、1~2份蛋氨酸锰、5~7份维生素A、5~7份维生素E、3~5份叶酸、2~5份2-羟基-4-甲硫基丁酸、8~10份L-半胱氨酸、10~13份猪油、5~7份OPO结构脂、13~17份海藻酸丙二醇脂和5~8份包衣剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的深海养殖鱼高脂饲料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述复合花生酱的制备方法为:
(1)按质量比1:0.05~0.08:0.01~0.03:0.007~0.009取花生、海带、紫菜和黄原胶,备用;
(2)将花生翻炒10~15min;
(3)将翻炒后的花生、海带和紫菜剁碎加入水中熬煮2~3h,料液重量比为1:1.5~2,熬煮期间每隔20min搅拌一次,关火后加入黄原胶,制得复合花生酱。
3.如权利要求1所述的深海养殖鱼高脂饲料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述发酵混合物的制备方法为:按重量份计,将发芽小麦30~40份、豆粕10~15份、***12~14份、牡蛎15~17份、磷酸二氢钾2~4份、黄桃5~8份、槟榔3~7份、姜黄4~8份、黑杨萎蔫枝1~3份、鱼蛋白粉14~17份、苏云金杆菌1~2份、双歧杆菌3~6份、毕赤酵母菌2~4份混合发酵48~72h,发酵温度为45~50℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的深海养殖鱼高脂饲料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述包衣剂的制备方法:按重量份计,将聚乙二醇1~3份、聚乙烯缩乙醛二乙胺醋酸酯2~5份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮4~7份、羟丙基甲纤维素2~5份和质量分数为65~75%乙醇溶液10~15份混合均匀。
5.如权利要求1所述的深海养殖鱼高脂饲料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤;
(1)混合饲料:将发酵混合物绞碎,加入复合花生酱、猪油、蛋氨酸锰、维生素A、维生素E、叶酸、2-羟基-4-甲硫基丁酸、L-半胱氨酸、OPO结构脂和海藻酸丙二醇脂搅拌均匀;
(2)制粒:将混合饲料使用挤压制粒法制粒;
(3)颗粒包衣:将步骤(2)制得的颗粒使用流化床底喷包衣剂进行包衣,得到包衣颗粒;
(4)高脂饲料:将包衣颗粒采用沸腾干燥法进行干燥。
6.如权利要求5所述的深海养殖鱼高脂饲料,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,流化床底喷包衣剂的雾化压力0.5~1MPa,喷雾液流量150~200ml/min,期间保持物料温度在45~50℃。
7.如权利要求5所述的深海养殖鱼高脂饲料,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,沸腾干燥条件为:沸腾干燥条件:主风道温度85~95℃,辅风道温度55~65℃,过程中物料温度控制在50~55℃,沸腾干燥时间为5~15min。
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