CN113396768A - Cultivation method of forsythia suspense seeds - Google Patents
Cultivation method of forsythia suspense seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN113396768A CN113396768A CN202110848738.3A CN202110848738A CN113396768A CN 113396768 A CN113396768 A CN 113396768A CN 202110848738 A CN202110848738 A CN 202110848738A CN 113396768 A CN113396768 A CN 113396768A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of forsythia suspense seeds, and belongs to the technical field of cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The method comprises the following steps: soaking long-flower column forsythia seeds and short-flower column forsythia seeds in water to sprout, then planting the seeds in a field, and after the seeds grow and bloom, selecting cutting branches for cutting cultivation to obtain forsythia seedlings; digging pits to plant the forsythia suspensa seedlings, planting 1 plant of forsythia suspensa with long flower columns and 1 plant of forsythia suspensa with short flower columns in each pit, pruning branches at the later stage to enable the branches to be staggered with each other to form shrub crowns, and promoting fruit setting through cross pollination. The cultivation method can improve the fruit setting rate of the forsythia to reach 30-40%, and seeds are full, large and heavy. The method solves the problem of low yield of the forsythia suspense planted in the prior art, has good production and application prospects, and is suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of forsythia suspense seeds.
Background
Fructus forsythiae (Forsythia subspensa, Latin's name) is a shrub of Forsythia, Oleaceae, and Podophyllum of Dicotyledoneae. The forsythia is bloomed firstly in early spring, the flower blooms with light and bright fragrance, the full branches are golden and gorgeous, the forsythia is an excellent flower-viewing shrub in early spring, the plant height can reach 3 meters, the branches and the trunks grow, the small branches are yellow, the forsythia is arched and sagged, and the forsythia is hollow. Folio, unilobal or trifoliate, oval or ovoid, with toothed edges. The corolla is yellow, and 1-3 flowers grow in the axilla of the leaf; the fruit egg is spherical, oval or oblong, the shape of the end beak is gradually tapered, and the surface is provided with skin holes; the fruit stalks are 0.7-1.5cm long. The flowering period is 3-4 months, and the fruit period is 7-9 months.
Fructus forsythiae is one of important Chinese medicinal materials, and is collected when the fruit is primarily mature and is green in autumn. Removing impurities, steaming, and sun drying, and is called as "Qing Qiao"; the fruit is harvested when it is well-done, dried in the sun, and the impurities are removed, which is called as "old fructus forsythiae". The forsythia as a traditional Chinese medicine has great market demand every year, but the yield is insufficient, on one hand, because wild resources are gradually reduced, and on the other hand, because the artificial planting area is very small, the yield is limited. The biggest reason for the low willingness of artificial planting is the low fruit setting rate of forsythia. Therefore, the seedling culture and cultivation technology of forsythia is urgently needed to promote high and stable yield of forsythia, so that the planting of forsythia is promoted, and a stable medicinal material source is provided for the domestic traditional Chinese medicinal material market.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows:
aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a cultivation method of forsythia seeds, which improves the seed setting rate of forsythia, ensures the quality and realizes high and stable yield.
Technical scheme of the invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a cultivation method of fructus forsythiae seed comprises soaking long flower column fructus forsythiae seed and short flower column fructus forsythiae seed in water for germination, planting in field, and selecting cutting branch for cutting cultivation to obtain fructus forsythiae seedling after growth and flowering; digging pits to plant the forsythia suspensa seedlings, planting 1 plant of forsythia suspensa with long flower columns and 1 plant of forsythia suspensa with short flower columns in each pit, pruning branches at the later stage to enable the branches to be staggered with each other to form shrub crowns, and promoting fruit setting through cross pollination.
Further, the efficient cultivation method of the forsythia suspensa seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking Hypericum erectum seeds and Hypericum erectum seeds in warm water, placing in wet vermiculite for germination, and then sowing in the field;
(2) after the forsythia suspensa seeds and the forsythia suspensa seeds germinate, sowing the seeds and vermiculite in a field with high fertility, loose and breathable soil and good drainage, performing general water and fertilizer management, and growing for about three years to bloom;
(3) selecting a long-style forsythia suspense stock plant and a short-style forsythia suspense stock plant for collecting cuttings;
(4) before blooming in spring, branches are selected from long-flowering-column forsythia suspense stock plants and short-flowering-column forsythia suspense stock plants to be made into cuttings;
(5) selecting a seedling raising field, cutting and cutting the cutting slips, and performing water-fertilizer and weeding management in the current year of cutting;
(6) transplanting the cutting seedlings to a field in the next year of cuttage, digging pits for planting, and planting 1 plant of forsythia suspense with long flower pillars and 1 plant of forsythia suspense with short flower pillars in each pit;
(7) the branches are trimmed, so that long-style forsythia suspensa branches and short-style forsythia suspensa branches are staggered with each other to form shrub crowns, and fruit setting is promoted through cross pollination.
Further, the warm water temperature in the step (1) is 28-32 ℃, and the soaking time is 8-12 min.
Further, the step (3) of collecting the cutting branches is to select 1-2 year-old branches with the branch section width of 0.5-2cm and the branch internode distance of 0.5-5 cm.
Further, the cutting in the step (4) is a cutting with 3-5 sections.
Further, the cutting in the step (4) is a cutting with 4 knots.
Further, before cutting the cutting slips in the step (5), placing the 2 knots of the base parts of the cutting slips into 800ppm indolebutyric acid or 500ppm ABT rooting powder solution, soaking for 8-15 seconds, and then airing.
Further, the step (6) is specifically carried out in spring of the next year, before the cutting seedlings germinate, transplanting is carried out according to the length of 1.5m multiplied by 1.5m respectively, the size of each digging pit is 40cm multiplied by 40cm, the pit depth is 50-55cm, thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure is used as base fertilizer, the base fertilizer about 1kg of each pit is uniformly mixed with backfill soil, the backfilling is carried out to the pits, and the depth of 20-30cm is reserved for transplanting the forsythia seedlings; planting a long-stemmed forsythia and a short-stemmed forsythia in each pit, wherein the distance between the two forsythia is 20-25cm, backfilling the remaining soil, watering, properly treading and piling up the soil at the base of the forsythia seedlings.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the cultivation method of the forsythia suspense seeds provided by the invention starts from sowing, planting and selecting a mother plant of a cuttage branch, and also comprises the steps of cuttage branch preparation, cuttage seedling raising, field transplanting, growth management after field transplanting, fruiting management and the like, and is simpler and more convenient than the prior art;
2. through reasonable close cultivation and pruning of 1 long flower column forsythia and 1 short flower column forsythia, the branches of the two are mutually staggered to form shrub crowns, cross pollination is easier to achieve, the fruit setting rate is increased, and seeds are full, large and heavy, and have high quality;
3. the forsythia suspense forest cultivated by the method has the characteristics of high yield, stable yield and convenient harvesting.
Detailed Description
The invention will be illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Other combinations and various modifications within the spirit or scope of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a cultivation method of forsythia suspense seeds comprises the following steps:
1. planting fructus forsythiae stock plant
Collecting seeds of Hypericum erectum L.and seeds of Hypericum erectum L.from market or by oneself, soaking in warm water at 30 deg.C for 10min in spring, stirring with vermiculite (1/3 wt%) of seeds and appropriate amount of water, and placing in a gas-permeable container for germination. After the forsythia suspense seeds germinate, the seeds and vermiculite are sown in a field with high fertility, loose soil, ventilation and good drainage, general water and fertilizer management is carried out, the forsythia suspense plants grow for about three years and bloom, and mother plants for cutting branches are selected.
2. Selecting stock plant of cutting branch
When forsythia suspense blossoms in spring, a plurality of forsythia suspense stock plants with long and short style are selected for marking (when in blossoming, the heads of the forsythia suspense with long style are higher than stamens, but the forsythia suspense with short style is just opposite). The stock plant needs to select the dominant single plant which has the advantages of strong growth, short and thick internodes of branches, dense and full flowers, no plant diseases and insect pests and pure varieties, and when the forsythia fruit is fruited in autumn and is ready for harvest, the forsythia fruit stock plant with long and short style, thick branches, short internodes of branches and large and dense fruits is further screened.
3. Preparing cutting branches
Before blooming in spring of the next year of cuttage, 1-2 year-old branches with thick and strong branches and short internodes of the branches are selected from fructus forsythiae stock plants with long and short flowering columns to be made into cuttings, the cuttings are cut into 28-32cm cuttings with 4 joints, 2 joints of the basal part are put into 800ppm indolebutyric acid or 500ppm ABT rooting powder solution to be soaked for 12 seconds, and then the cuttings are dried for standby.
4. Cutting seedling raising
In the winter of the current year of selecting cuttage branches, selecting sunny sandy soil land with high soil fertility, loose and breathable soil quality and good drainage as seedling growing land, fertilizing decomposed farmyard manure 2000kg and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 100kg per mu, mixing deep ploughing land, making soil moisture and leveling beds in the spring of the coming year, ditching and cuttage, inserting cutting slips into soil at intervals of 20cm multiplied by 20cm, reserving two bud eyes above the soil layer, and watering. Attention is paid to the fact that the long and short Style forsythia suspense cuttings are cut in different areas so as to be distinguished.
Maintaining the soil of the seedling culture land to be in a moist, air-permeable and water-accumulation-free state, applying 10-15kg of urea to each mu of land after ploughing and weeding for 6-7 months, watering to promote the growth of cutting branches into weeping forsythia seedlings, and transplanting the weeping forsythia seedlings to a field in the spring of the next year.
5. Transplanting in field
Selecting the sunny hillside or hilly land with good drainage, deep and fertile soil layer, loose and moist and lower gradient. Transplanting the cutting seedlings before sprouting according to the length of 1.5m multiplied by 1.5m respectively in spring, digging pits with the size of 40cm multiplied by 40cm and the pit depth of 50cm, taking decomposed farmyard manure as base fertilizer, uniformly mixing the base fertilizer with backfill soil according to 1kg of each pit, backfilling the pits, and reserving the depth of 25cm for transplanting the forsythia seedlings;
one long-stemmed forsythia and one short-stemmed forsythia are planted in each pit, and the distance between the two forsythia is 25 cm. Backfilling the remaining soil and watering, properly treading and piling up the soil at the base of the forsythia suspensa seedlings.
6. Post-field transplantation growth management
Transplanting in the current year: enhancing weeding and irrigation drainage measures in spring and summer, dressing urea between 6-7 months to promote strip drawing, burying 30-40g of urea near the root of each 2 lian forsythia seedlings, and watering; adding decomposed farmyard manure in autumn;
transplanting in 2-3 years: in addition to general water-fertilizer and weeding management, pruning management of branches is strengthened, and base sprouts and branches at the lower part of the trunk are cut off to cultivate the trunk;
transplanting in 4 th year and later: after the main trunk grows to the ideal length, the tip is removed, and the lateral branches are promoted to germinate in a large quantity. After the lateral branches grow, weak branches in the tree crowns need to be cut off, so that the lateral branches can grow favorably, the tree crowns are enlarged, and the purposes of internal control and external control and full tree crowns are achieved. During pruning, attention needs to be paid to keeping the branch ratio of long-flower column forsythia suspense to short-flower column forsythia suspense to be approximately 1: 1, so that the branches of the long-flower column forsythia suspense and the short-flower column forsythia suspense are staggered with each other to form shrub crowns, and cross pollination and fructification are promoted.
7. Fruiting management
After the growth of fructus forsythiae is carried out for 4 years, the fructus forsythiae gradually enters the vigorous period of flowering and fruiting, and besides general water and fertilizer management, 1% calcium superphosphate aqueous solution is sprayed before the primarily planned branches bloom, so that the fruit setting rate can be improved.
Branch pruning can also promote the increase of fruit bearing rate, and is carried out in spring and autumn: after the frost falling of the plant leaves in autumn, the diseased and weak branches of the plant can be cut off, and the branches with excessive density are thinned and trimmed, but the robust flowering branches are not trimmed; after the flowering phase of the forsythia suspense in spring, properly removing the germinated dense branch buds to improve the illumination; in spring and summer, the top tips of the reserved branches can be removed, so that the bearing branches grow plump and robust.
Experiments show that the forsythia is planted and managed through the planting and managing steps, the fruit setting rate of the forsythia can reach 30-40% finally, seeds are full, large and heavy, and the quality is high.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered thereby.
Claims (8)
1. A cultivation method of forsythia suspense seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps: soaking long-flower column forsythia seeds and short-flower column forsythia seeds in water to sprout, then planting the seeds in a field, and after the seeds grow and bloom, selecting cutting branches for cutting cultivation to obtain forsythia seedlings; digging pits to plant the forsythia suspensa seedlings, planting 1 plant of forsythia suspensa with long flower columns and 1 plant of forsythia suspensa with short flower columns in each pit, pruning branches at the later stage to enable the branches to be staggered with each other to form shrub crowns, and promoting fruit setting through cross pollination.
2. The method for cultivating forsythia suspensa seeds according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) soaking Hypericum erectum seeds and Hypericum erectum seeds in warm water, placing in wet vermiculite for germination, and then sowing in the field;
(2) after the forsythia suspensa seeds and the forsythia suspensa seeds germinate, sowing the seeds and vermiculite in a field with high fertility, loose and breathable soil and good drainage, performing general water and fertilizer management, and growing for about three years to bloom;
(3) selecting a long-style forsythia suspense stock plant and a short-style forsythia suspense stock plant for collecting cuttings;
(4) before blooming in spring, branches are selected from long-flowering-column forsythia suspense stock plants and short-flowering-column forsythia suspense stock plants to be made into cuttings;
(5) selecting a seedling raising field, cutting and cutting the cutting slips, and performing water-fertilizer and weeding management in the current year of cutting;
(6) transplanting the cutting seedlings to a field in the next year of cuttage, digging pits for planting, and planting 1 plant of forsythia suspense with long flower pillars and 1 plant of forsythia suspense with short flower pillars in each pit;
(7) the branches of the long-flower column forsythia suspense and the short-flower column forsythia suspense are mutually staggered to form shrub crowns by pruning the branches, and fruit setting is promoted by cross pollination.
3. The method for cultivating forsythia suspense seeds according to claim 2, wherein the temperature of the warm water in the step (1) is 25 to 35 ℃, and the soaking time is 5 to 30 min.
4. The method for cultivating forsythia seeds according to claim 2, wherein the cutting shoots in step (3) are 1-2 year old shoots having shoot cross-sectional width of 0.5-2cm and shoot internode distance of 0.5-5 cm.
5. The method for cultivating forsythia seeds of claim 2, wherein the cutting in step (4) is a cutting with 3-5 nodes.
6. The method for cultivating forsythia seeds of claim 5, wherein the cutting in step (4) is a cutting with 4 knots.
7. The method for cultivating forsythia suspensa seeds according to claim 2, wherein, before the cutting of the cutting slips in step (5), the 2 nodes at the base of the cutting slips are soaked in 800ppm indolebutyric acid or 500ppm mabt rooting powder solution for 8-15 seconds and then dried.
8. The cultivation method of forsythia suspensa seeds according to claim 2, wherein the step (6) is specifically carried out in spring of the next year, before the cutting seedlings germinate, transplanting is carried out according to 1.5m × 1.5m, the size of each digging pit is 40cm × 40cm, the depth of each digging pit is 50-55cm, thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure is used as base fertilizer, the base fertilizer and backfill soil are uniformly mixed according to 0.8-1.2kg per pit, the mixture is backfilled into the digging pits, and the depth of each digging pit is 20-30cm for transplanting the forsythia suspensa seedlings; planting a long-stemmed forsythia and a short-stemmed forsythia in each pit, wherein the distance between the two forsythia is 20-25cm, backfilling the remaining soil, watering, treading and piling up the soil at the base of the forsythia seedlings.
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