CN113394552A - Plate-shaped antenna - Google Patents
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- CN113394552A CN113394552A CN202110244041.5A CN202110244041A CN113394552A CN 113394552 A CN113394552 A CN 113394552A CN 202110244041 A CN202110244041 A CN 202110244041A CN 113394552 A CN113394552 A CN 113394552A
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- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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Abstract
The invention provides a plate-shaped antenna, which can obtain a desired half power angle in a miniaturized plate-shaped antenna. When the wavelength of the design frequency is lambda, excitation elements (10) smaller than the grounding elements (11) are arranged at a predetermined interval on the grounding elements (11) with the length of 1 side being 0.5 lambda or less, and non-power supply elements (13) smaller than the grounding elements (11) are arranged below the grounding elements. Thus, when the wavelength of the design frequency is λ, a desired half-power angle can be obtained in the plate antenna miniaturized to 0.5 λ or less.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a panel antenna capable of obtaining a desired half power angle in a miniaturized panel antenna.
Background
A narrowband Communication system called DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication) is known. DSRC is a wireless communication system in which the reaching distance of radio waves is several meters to several tens of meters, and is used in ETC (Electronic Toll Collection Systems), automatic Toll Collection Systems), ITS (Intelligent transportation Systems), and highway traffic Systems. ETC is a system that automatically pays a fee by performing communication between an antenna provided at a gate and an in-vehicle device mounted on a vehicle when an automobile passes through a toll gate such as an expressway. When the ETC is used, it is not necessary to stop at a toll gate, and therefore, the time required for the vehicle to pass through the gate is significantly shortened. Therefore, traffic congestion near the tollgate can be alleviated, and exhaust gas can be reduced.
The ITS is a traffic system obtained by integrating a system for making a car intelligent, such as a car navigation system (hereinafter referred to as "car navigation"), and a system for making a road intelligent, such as a wide-area traffic control system. For example, in Vehicle navigation, there is a System capable of cooperating with VICS (Vehicle Information and Communication System) or a road traffic Information Communication System. In such a case, the VICS (japanese registered trademark) center uses ITS to edit and transmit information of a general road collected by the police and information of an expressway collected by the capital expressway public group, the japanese expressway public group, and the like. When the vehicle navigation receives the information, it is possible to search for a route that bypasses the congestion and display the route on the monitor.
As an antenna for DSRC and ETC, a plate-shaped antenna is generally used. Fig. 8 to 10 show a structure of a conventional planar antenna 100. Fig. 8 is a plan view showing the structure of a conventional planar antenna 100, fig. 9 is a bottom view showing the structure of the conventional planar antenna 100, and fig. 10 is a side view showing the structure of the conventional planar antenna 100.
In the conventional plate antenna 100 shown in these figures, a metal excitation element 110 formed in a square shape is disposed on a metal ground element 111 formed in a square shape with a predetermined interval therebetween via a spacer 114. In the excitation element 110, degeneration separation elements are provided at the lower left and upper right, and the degeneration separation elements are constituted by C-cuts in the shape of right triangles. The excitation element 110 is powered from a power cable 112. In this case, power feeding pin 110a is provided at a predetermined position of exciting element 110, and power feeding pin 110a is inserted into insulating spacer 114 and connected to the center conductor of power feeding cable 112 by soldering or the like on the back surface of ground element 111. The shield conductor of power feeding cable 112 is connected to the back surface of ground element 111 by soldering or the like, and power is supplied to plate-shaped antenna 100 through power feeding cable 112. That is, a transmission signal from a communication device connected to one end of the feed cable 112 is supplied to the plate-shaped antenna 100 to radiate a right-handed circularly polarized wave, and a reception signal of the right-handed circularly polarized wave received by the plate-shaped antenna 100 propagates through the feed cable 112 to be supplied to the communication device.
When a size example is described in which the plate-shaped antenna 100 is an antenna for ETC using a 5.8GHz band, the length W22 of the lateral width and the longitudinal width of the excitation element 110 formed to have the same size shown in fig. 8 is about 21mm, the length W21 of the lateral width and the longitudinal width of the ground element 111 formed to have the same size shown in fig. 8 is about 26mm, and the length D21 of the spacer 114 as the space between the excitation element 110 and the ground element 111 shown in fig. 9 is about 3 mm. Here, if λ is a free space wavelength of 5.8GHz, W21 is about 0.5 λ and W22 is about 0.41 λ. The graph of fig. 11 shows the radiation intensity characteristics at a frequency of 5.8GHz at the time of forming such a size. Referring to fig. 11, the peak value of the radiation intensity was +7.4dB, the azimuth thereof was +2.80 °, and the half-power angle as the azimuth range in which the radiation intensity was reduced by 3dB was 71.32 °.
Next, the change of the half-power angle when the length W21 of the horizontal width and the vertical width of the ground element 111 is changed in the conventional plate-shaped antenna 100 is shown.
In the conventional plate-shaped antenna 100 formed in the above-described dimensions except for the length W21 of the ground element 111, the characteristic of the half-power angle with respect to the length W21 of the ground element 111 at the frequency of 5.8GHz is as shown in fig. 12. Fig. 12 shows the half-power angle characteristics when the length W21 of the ground element 111 is changed to 20mm to 50mm, and referring to fig. 12, it is understood that the half-power angle is decreased from about 73 ° to about 63 ° as the length W21 is extended from 20mm to 50mm, and the radiation beam is gradually narrowed. When the length W21 exceeds about 31mm, a target half-power angle of 70 ° is obtained. Here, if the free space wavelength of 5.8GHz is set to λ, the length W21 of about 31mm is represented as about 0.6 λ. That is, by setting the length W21 of the ground element 111 to about 0.6 λ or more, directivity at a half-power angle of 70 ° or less can be obtained.
Patent documents 1 to 3 each describe an example of the conventional plate antenna 100.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document 1: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 2002-135045
Patent document 2: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2005-269518
Patent document 3: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 2008-109252
Disclosure of Invention
Recently, there is a demand for a plate antenna that can obtain a half power angle of 70 ° or less even if the size of an antenna portion of the plate antenna is reduced to about 0.5 λ or less when the wavelength of the design frequency is λ. By the half power angle of 70 ° or less, directivity can be obtained in which radio waves from directions other than the desired direction are not received. However, if the length W21 of the lateral width and the longitudinal width of the ground element 111 is set to about 26mm (about 0.5 λ) in the conventional planar antenna 100, the half-power angle exceeds 70 °, and in order to obtain directivity in which a beam having a half-power angle of 70 ° or less converges, the width of the ground element in the conventional planar antenna 100 is as large as 0.6 λ as shown in fig. 12, and thus cannot be reduced to a size of about 0.5 λ or less. That is, in order to control the required directivity, a ground element having a size larger than the required miniaturization is required, and there is a problem that it is difficult to obtain a desired half power angle in a miniaturized plate antenna.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a panel antenna capable of obtaining a desired half power angle in a miniaturized panel antenna.
The plate antenna according to the present invention that can achieve the above object of the present invention is characterized by comprising: a rectangular-shaped ground element; exciting elements of a rectangular shape arranged at 1 st predetermined intervals on the ground element, the exciting elements being smaller than the ground element; and a passive element of a rectangular shape disposed below the ground element at a 2 nd predetermined interval, the passive element being smaller than the ground element.
In the above-described plate antenna according to the present invention, the parasitic element is formed in a square shape, and when the wavelength of the design frequency is λ, the length of 1 side of the parasitic element at which a predetermined half power angle is obtained can be shortened to about 0.21 λ.
In the plate antenna according to the present invention, the ground element is formed in a square shape, and when the wavelength of the design frequency is λ, the length of 1 side of the ground element at which a predetermined half power angle is obtained can be shortened to about 0.48 λ.
Further, the above-described plate antenna of the present invention is mainly characterized in that the 1 st predetermined interval is about 0.058 λ.
Further, the above-described plate-shaped antenna of the present invention is mainly characterized in that the 2 nd predetermined interval is about 0.077 λ.
In the plate antenna according to the present invention, since the exciting element smaller than the ground element is disposed at the ground element at a predetermined interval and the parasitic element smaller than the ground element is disposed below the ground element, the plate antenna can be configured such that the directivity of not receiving the radio wave from the direction other than the desired direction can be obtained as the half power angle of 70 ° or less even if the size of the plate antenna is reduced to about 0.5 λ or less when the wavelength of the design frequency is λ.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a plan view showing the structure of a plate-shaped antenna of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a bottom view showing the structure of the plate-shaped antenna of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a side view showing the structure of a plate-shaped antenna of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a rear view showing the structure of the plate-shaped antenna of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing characteristics of a half-power angle with respect to the width of a ground element in the plate-shaped antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing characteristics of a half power angle with respect to the length of a passive element in the planar antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a graph showing radiation intensity characteristics with respect to an azimuth angle in the plate-shaped antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a plan view showing a structure of a conventional plate-shaped antenna.
Fig. 9 is a bottom view showing the structure of a conventional plate antenna.
Fig. 10 is a side view showing the structure of a conventional plate-shaped antenna.
Fig. 11 is a diagram showing radiation intensity characteristics with respect to an azimuth angle in a conventional planar antenna.
Fig. 12 is a diagram showing characteristics of a half-power angle with respect to the width of a ground element in a conventional planar antenna.
(symbol description)
1: a plate-shaped antenna; 10: an excitation element; 10 a: a power supply pin; 11: a ground element; 12: a power supply cable; 13: no power supply element; 14: a spacer; 100: a plate-shaped antenna; 110: an excitation element; 110 a: a power supply pin; 111: a ground element; 112: a power supply cable; 114: a spacer.
Detailed Description
[ examples of the invention ]
Fig. 1 to 4 show the structure of a plate-shaped antenna 1 of an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 1 is a plan view showing the structure of the plate-shaped antenna 1, fig. 2 is a bottom view showing the structure of the plate-shaped antenna 1, fig. 3 is a side view showing the structure of the plate-shaped antenna 1, and fig. 4 is a rear view showing the structure of the plate-shaped antenna 1.
The plate-shaped antenna 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in these drawings includes: a conductive excitation element 10 formed in a square shape, a conductive ground element 11 formed in a square shape, and a conductive passive element 13 formed in a square shape. The excitation element 10, the ground element 11, and the passive element 13 can be manufactured by processing a metal plate. The excitation element 10 is disposed on the ground element 11 with a predetermined interval D1 therebetween via an insulating spacer 14. In the excitation element 10, degenerated separation elements are provided at the lower left and upper right, and are constituted by right-angled triangular-shaped C-cuts of a predetermined size. In the plate-like antenna 1 of the present invention, the characteristic parasitic element 13 is disposed below the ground element 11 with a predetermined distance D2 therebetween. The excitation element 10 is supplied with power from a power supply cable 12. In this case, the feeding pin 10a is provided at a predetermined position at a distance L1 from the center of the exciting element 10, and the feeding pin 10a is inserted into the insulating spacer 14 and connected to the center conductor of the feeding cable 12 by soldering or the like on the back surface of the ground element 11. The shield conductor of the feeding cable 12 is connected to the back surface of the ground element 11 by soldering or the like, and the plate-shaped antenna 1 is fed with power through the feeding cable 12. That is, a transmission signal from a communication device connected to one end of the feed cable 12 is supplied to the plate antenna 1 to radiate a right-handed circularly polarized wave, and a reception signal of the right-handed circularly polarized wave received by the plate antenna 1 propagates through the feed cable 12 to be supplied to the communication device.
When the plate-shaped antenna 1 is a size example of an antenna for ETC using a 5.8GHz band, the length W2 of the excitation element 10 having the same lateral width and vertical width as each other in fig. 1 is about 19mm, the length W1 of the ground element 11 having the same lateral width and vertical width as each other in fig. 1 is about 26mm, and the length W3 of the parasitic element 13 having the same lateral width and vertical width as each other in fig. 2 and 4 is about 20 mm. In addition, the length D1 of the spacer 14 as the interval between the exciting element 10 and the ground element 11 shown in fig. 2 is about 3mm, the interval D2 between the ground element 11 and the passive element 13 is about 4mm, and the distance L1 of the power feeding pin 10a from the center of the exciting element 10 is about 5.5 mm. Here, if the free space wavelength of 5.8GHz is set to λ, the length W1 is about 0.5 λ, the length W2 is about 0.37 λ, the length W3 is about 0.39 λ, the length D1 is about 0.058 λ, the length D2 is about 0.077 λ, and the distance L1 is about 0.106 λ.
[ Electrical characteristics of the plate-shaped antenna of the present invention ]
In the planar antenna 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention described above, when the design frequency is set to 5.8GHz, the radiation intensity characteristics at the frequency of 5.8GHz with respect to the azimuth angle in the planar antenna 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention formed in the above dimensions are shown in fig. 7. Referring to fig. 7, it is understood that +4.22dB is obtained as the peak of the radiation intensity, and the azimuth angle at this time is +0.4 °. The half-power angle, which is the range of the azimuth angle to the radiation intensity attenuation of 3dB, is 63.55 °, and even if the length of 1 side of the ground element 11 is shorter than the conventional plate antenna 100, the radiation intensity characteristic in which the beam is further converged can be obtained. That is, the plate antenna 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention may be a plate antenna including: when the wavelength of the design frequency is λ, a half-power angle of 70 ° or less can be obtained even if the size of the plate antenna 1 is reduced to about 0.5 λ or less. Thus, in the plate-shaped antenna 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, even if the size of the plate-shaped antenna 1 is reduced to about 0.5 λ or less, the directivity in which radio waves from directions other than the desired direction are not received can be obtained. The radiation intensity characteristics with respect to the azimuth angle shown in fig. 7 are substantially the same in the frequency band of 5.79GHz to 5.84 GHz.
Next, a change in the half-power angle when the size of the ground element 11 is changed in the plate-shaped antenna 1 of the embodiment of the present invention is examined.
In the plate-shaped antenna 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention formed in the above-described dimensions except for the length W1 of the 1 side of the ground element 11, the characteristic of the half power angle corresponding to the length W1 of the 1 side of the ground element 11 at the frequency of 5.8GHz is as shown in fig. 5. Fig. 5 shows the half-power angle characteristics when the length W1 of the 1 side of the ground element 11 is changed to 20mm to 50mm, and referring to fig. 5, it can be seen that the half-power angle is reduced from about 73 ° to about 63 ° as the length W1 is extended from 20mm to 50mm, and the radiation beam is gradually narrowed. When the length W1 becomes about 25mm, a target half power angle of 70 ° can be obtained. Here, if the free space wavelength of 5.8GHz is set to λ, a length W1 of about 25mm is represented as about 0.48 λ. That is, in the plate-shaped antenna 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, even if the length W1 of the 1 side of the ground element 11 is reduced to about 0.48 λ or less and the antenna is miniaturized, the half power angle of 70 ° or less can be obtained. Thus, in the plate-shaped antenna 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, even if the length W1 of the 1 side of the ground element 11 is reduced to about 0.48 λ or less and the antenna is miniaturized, the antenna can have directivity such that radio waves from directions other than the desired direction are not received. The characteristic of the half-power angle with respect to the length W1 shown in fig. 5 is substantially the same in the frequency band of 5.79GHz to 5.84 GHz.
Next, a change in the half-power angle when the size of the passive element 13 is changed in the plate-shaped antenna 1 of the embodiment of the present invention is examined.
In the plate-shaped antenna 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention formed in the above-described dimensions except for the length W3 of the 1 side of the passive element 13, the characteristic of the half power angle corresponding to the length W3 of the 1 side of the passive element 13 at the frequency of 5.8GHz is as shown in fig. 6. In fig. 6, the half power angle characteristic when the length W3 is changed to 5mm to 20mm is shown, and if fig. 6 is referred to, it is understood that the radiation beam is gradually narrowed as the length W3 is extended from 5mm to 20mm, the half power angle is reduced from about 71 ° to about 63 °. A target half power angle of 70 ° is obtained with a length W3 of about 11 mm. Here, if the free space wavelength of 5.8GHz is set to λ, a length L1 of about 11mm is expressed as about 0.21 λ. That is, even if the length W3 of the 1-side of the passive element 13 is reduced to about 0.21 λ or less and the passive element is miniaturized, the half power angle of 70 ° or less can be obtained. Thus, in the plate-shaped antenna 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, even if the length W3 of the 1 side of the passive element 13 is reduced to about 0.21 λ equal to or less than 0.5 λ and the antenna is miniaturized, the directivity in which radio waves from directions other than the desired direction are not received can be obtained. The characteristic of the half-power angle with respect to the length W3 shown in fig. 6 is substantially the same in the frequency band of 5.79GHz to 5.84 GHz.
In this way, even if the length W1 of the 1 side of the ground element 11 is reduced to a length of about 0.48 λ, a target half-power angle of 70 ° can be obtained as the half-power angle. In this case, the length W3 of the 1-side of the passive element 13 can be made about 0.21 λ to be smaller than that of the ground element 11, and the length W2 of the 1-side of the excitation element 10 can be made about 0.37 λ to be smaller than that of the ground element 11. As described above, in the plate-shaped antenna 1 of the present invention, when the wavelength of the design frequency is λ, even if the size of the plate-shaped antenna 1 is reduced to about 0.5 λ or less, 70 ° or less can be obtained as the half power angle, and the directivity that does not receive radio waves from directions other than the desired direction can be obtained.
[ industrial applicability ]
In the planar antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention described above, the values of the design frequency and the dimensions of the planar antenna are not limited to the values described above, and are not limited to the values described above as long as the planar antenna can perform functions and functions equivalent to the functions and functions described above. That is, as the value of the size, there is an allowable range above and below the above-described value, and the allowable range is set as a range in which the plate-shaped antenna can perform the same function and function as those described above.
The planar antenna of the present invention described above can be applied to DSRC and ETC, and can be used as an antenna for ETC using a 5.8GHz band set to 5.79GHz to 5.84 GHz. In addition, when used, the target half-power angle can be obtained even if the size of the plate-shaped antenna is reduced as described above. The plate-shaped antenna of the present invention has been described as an antenna of a right-hand circularly polarized wave, but may be an antenna of a left-hand circularly polarized wave. In this case, it suffices to provide the degeneration separation element at the upper left and lower right.
In the plate-shaped antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention described above, the spacer is provided between the ground element and the excitation element in order to dispose the excitation element at a predetermined interval above the ground element, but a plurality of spacers or a frame-shaped spacer along the outer edge of the excitation element may be provided. In addition, in order to dispose the non-feeding element below the ground element at a predetermined interval, a spacer can be provided between the ground element and the non-feeding element. The spacers may be provided in plural or in a frame shape along the outer edge of the passive element.
Claims (6)
1. A plate-like antenna is provided with:
a rectangular-shaped ground element;
exciting elements of a rectangular shape arranged at 1 st predetermined intervals on the ground element, the exciting elements being smaller than the ground element; and
and a passive element of a rectangular shape disposed below the ground element at a 2 nd predetermined interval, the passive element being smaller than the ground element.
2. The board antenna according to claim 1,
the parasitic element is formed in a square shape, and when the wavelength of the design frequency is λ, the length of 1 side of the parasitic element, which has a predetermined half power angle, can be shortened to about 0.21 λ.
3. The board antenna according to claim 1,
the ground element is formed in a square shape, and when the wavelength of the design frequency is lambda, the length of 1 side of the ground element, which obtains a predetermined half power angle, can be shortened to about 0.48 lambda.
4. The board antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the 1 st predetermined interval is about 0.058 λ.
5. The board antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the 2 nd predetermined interval is about 0.077 λ.
6. The board antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the 1 st predetermined interval is about 0.058 λ and the 2 nd predetermined interval is about 0.077 λ.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020042245A JP7455469B2 (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2020-03-11 | plate antenna |
| JP2020-042245 | 2020-03-11 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113394552A true CN113394552A (en) | 2021-09-14 |
| CN113394552B CN113394552B (en) | 2024-06-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110244041.5A Active CN113394552B (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2021-03-05 | Plate-shaped antenna |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP7455469B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN113394552B (en) |
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| CN1392631A (en) * | 2001-06-20 | 2003-01-22 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Surface mounted antenna and radio machine using surface mounted antenna |
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| CN102017303A (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2011-04-13 | 凯瑟雷恩工厂两合公司 | Multi-layer antenna of planar design |
| US20110279342A1 (en) * | 2009-02-05 | 2011-11-17 | Nippon Antena Kabushiki Kaisha | Wideband antenna having a blocking band |
| CN106104923A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2016-11-09 | 株式会社藤仓 | Microstrip antenna |
| US20180083340A1 (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2018-03-22 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Antenna unit and electronic device |
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| JP2003174316A (en) | 2001-12-07 | 2003-06-20 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Antenna device |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113394552B (en) | 2024-06-14 |
| JP7455469B2 (en) | 2024-03-26 |
| JP2021145224A (en) | 2021-09-24 |
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