CN113393753A - Steel rail semi-universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method - Google Patents
Steel rail semi-universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113393753A CN113393753A CN202110564664.0A CN202110564664A CN113393753A CN 113393753 A CN113393753 A CN 113393753A CN 202110564664 A CN202110564664 A CN 202110564664A CN 113393753 A CN113393753 A CN 113393753A
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- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
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- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/08—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling structural sections, i.e. work of special cross-section, e.g. angle steel
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of steel rail rolling experimental equipment, in particular to a steel rail semi-universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method which can establish an accurate metal flow volume prediction model so as to effectively guide the design of a pass and further improve the performance and the quality of a finished steel rail in actual production, and comprises the following steps: a. calibrating a model roll gap; b. adjusting a roll gap; c. opening the upper module, the lower module and the left module; d. preparing a model material with corresponding volume and outline; e. placing the prepared model material into a roll gap rolling center line position, namely an extrusion chamber formed by the upper module, the lower module, the left module and the semi-universal pressing plates on the two sides of the modules; f. and (4) finely adjusting the upper module, the lower module and the left module, and observing and recording the flow rule of the model material when the model material is extruded by the modules. The invention is particularly suitable for the field of steel rail universal rolling pass design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of steel rail rolling experimental equipment, in particular to a demonstration control method for a semi-universal rolling metal flow plane of a steel rail.
Background
At present, a three-stand universal rolling mill is commonly used for rolling continuous casting billets in the production of steel rails at home and abroad, reversible rolling is firstly carried out on two stands of a four-roll universal rolling mill and a two-roll edging mill, the universal rough rolling and edging process is completed, and finally, the finish rolling process is completed on a third three-roll universal rolling mill. The third three-roll universal rolling mill performs semi-universal rolling, the semi-universal hole pattern of the third three-roll universal rolling mill comprises an upper horizontal roll, a lower horizontal roll and a rail bottom vertical roll, the rolling mill mainly adopts a pair of upper and lower horizontal rolls to process a rail web and a rail head, and the rail bottom vertical roll rolls roll and form the bottom thickness as shown in figure 1. The expansion of the rail web in the semi-universal rolling process of the steel rail is influenced by the elongation and expansion of the rail head and the rail bottom. The rail bottom is rolled between the vertical roller and the horizontal roller, the width of the rail bottom is not limited at all, and the inner side of the rail bottom drives the whole rail bottom to deform by the friction force of the horizontal roller. The expansion of the rail head portion is limited by the hole pattern.
The metal flow rule of the steel rail in the rolling process is complex, theoretical research and actual exploration cannot be perfectly combined, and the exploration of an actual model is lacked. On the one hand, in the semi-universal rolling process, the lengths of the contact areas of the various parts (rail head, rail bottom and rail web) of the steel rail and the roller are not completely equal, and the contact sequence of the various parts and the roller is not completely the same. In general, the web first contacts the rolls at the roll entry stage, and therefore the metal longitudinal flow velocities at the rail head, rail foot and web regions are not uniform at the start of rolling. In the rolling process, the plastic flow direction of the metals of the rail head, the rail bottom and the rail web can flow transversely on the connecting part of the rail head and the rail web and the connecting part of the rail bottom and the rail web besides the longitudinal flow along the length direction. The transverse metal flow between the head and web and between the foot and web during the semi-universal rolling of the rail affects the width of the foot and head and the exit thickness of the web, and thus its longitudinal extension. If the longitudinal extension coefficients of the rail head, the rail bottom and the rail web are different greatly, the steel rail can be laterally bent when the steel rail is taken out of the semi-universal rolling mill, so that the process of straightening the steel rail is increased, the residual stress of each part of the steel rail is increased, the use performance of the steel rail is influenced, and serious persons can cause steel channeling accidents. Therefore, the metal flow in the process of rolling the steel rail is accurately controlled, so that the semi-universal rolling process can be smoothly carried out, the steel rail can be ensured to be within the normal lateral bending requirement, the residual stress is reduced, and the good performance of the steel rail after rolling is ensured. On the other hand, the metal flow regime is influenced by the rolling parameters. The sizes and the sizes of the rail head and the rail bottom of the steel rail are different, the rolling reduction of the rail head and the rail bottom is different in the rolling process, so that the longitudinal flow speed and the transverse flow speed and the flow direction of metal on the rail head and the rail bottom are different, and it is necessary to explore the metal flow rule of each part (the rail head, the rail bottom and the rail waist) of the steel rail under different rolling reduction through a corresponding physical simulation model.
The steel rail rolling technology and the steel rail numerical theory research in China mainly focus on the aspects of steel rail structure performance research, metallographic structure research, steel rail rolling process experimental research, finite element simulation and the like. However, effective physical simulation model research on the metal flow law in the steel rail rolling process in the semi-universal rolling process of the steel rail is lacked, and an intuitive model research method is not available. A steel rail semi-universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method is adopted, a metal flow mechanism, a flow volume and a flow direction of the whole steel rail rolling process are intuitively displayed through a 1:1 physical simulation model, important effects are achieved on grasping the elongation rate and the metal flow volume of metal, predicting the shape of a rolled steel rail and controlling section specifications, and the method has great practical significance on optimizing hole pattern design and guiding production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a steel rail semi-universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method which can establish an accurate metal flow volume prediction model so as to effectively guide the design of a pass and further improve the performance and the quality of a finished steel rail in actual production.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the steel rail semi-universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method comprises the following steps: a. calibrating a model roll gap: moving the upper module and the lower module in opposite directions to enable the roll edges of the upper module and the lower module to be close to each other and to be in a parallel state, then horizontally moving the left module to enable the roll edge of the left module to be in contact with the upper module and the lower module, so that a rolling center line is determined, and opening a roll gap after the rolling center line is determined; b. adjusting a roll gap: clamping the standard sample plate of the steel rail at the rolling center line position, moving the upper module, the lower module and the left module, and enabling the upper module, the lower module and the left module to be respectively contacted with the rail web, the rail bottom or the rail head corresponding to the standard sample plate of the steel rail, so as to determine the roll gap size of the semi-universal rolling of the steel rail; c. after the size of the roll gap is determined, recording is finished, and then the upper module, the lower module and the left module are opened; d. calculating the volume and outline specification of the required model material according to the size of the standard sample plate, and preparing the model material with corresponding volume and outline according to the calculated volume of the required model material; e. placing the prepared model material into a roll gap rolling center line position, namely an extrusion chamber formed by the upper module, the lower module, the left module and the semi-universal pressing plates on the two sides of the modules; f. and (4) finely adjusting the upper module, the lower module and the left module, and observing and recording the flow rule of the model material when the model material is extruded by the modules.
Further, in the step d, the material of the model material is rubber.
Further, in the step d, the material of the model material is space sand.
Further, in the step b, the rail web of the standard template of the steel rail is horizontally arranged.
Further, in the step b, the rail bottom and the rail head of the standard template of the steel rail are vertically arranged.
Furthermore, the vertical moving range of the upper module is 0-100 mm.
Furthermore, the upper module inclines and deviates within a rotating range of minus 10 to 10 degrees around the center of the rolling shaft of the upper module, and the observation of the outline of the inner side of the rail bottom of the model material and the outline of the inner side of the rail head of the model material is realized by adjusting the inclination and deviation angle of the upper module.
Furthermore, the vertical moving range of the lower module is 0-100 mm.
Furthermore, the horizontal moving range of the lower module is 0-100 mm.
Further, the horizontal moving range of the left module is 0-50 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by the steel rail semi-universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method, an accurate metal flow volume prediction model can be established, the metal flow rule of the steel rail in the universal rolling process can be visually analyzed, a reasonable rolling regulation is formulated, the influence of metal flow among the rail head, the rail bottom and the rail web on the size precision of the rolled section of the steel rail and the bending degree of the steel rail in the steel rail rolling process is reduced as much as possible, and the method has very important significance for further improving the performance and the quality of the finished steel rail in the guidance of hole pattern design and actual production. The invention is particularly suitable for the field of steel rail universal rolling pass design.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the corresponding structure of a semi-universal rolled steel rail.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the semi-universal press plates on both sides of the module of the present invention.
Labeled as: the device comprises an upper module 1, an upper horizontal roller 11, a lower horizontal roller 13, a rail bottom vertical roller 14, a lower module 3, a left module 4, a roller gap 5, a rail bottom 51, a rail web 52, a rail head 53, a universal pressing plate 6 and an upper module inclined deviation angle a.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
The steel rail semi-universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method shown in figure 2 comprises the following steps: a. calibrating a model roll gap: moving the upper module 1 and the lower module 3 in opposite directions to enable the roll edges of the upper module 1 and the lower module 3 to be close to each other and to be in a parallel state, then horizontally moving the left module 4 to enable the roll edge of the left module 4 to be in contact with the upper module 1 and the lower module 3, so that a rolling central line is determined, and opening a roll gap 5 after the rolling central line is determined; b. adjusting a roll gap: clamping the standard template of the steel rail at the rolling center line position, moving the upper module, the lower module and the left module, and enabling the upper module, the lower module and the left module to be respectively contacted with the rail web 52, the rail bottom 51 or the rail head 53 corresponding to the standard template of the steel rail, so as to determine the size of the roll gap of the semi-universal rolling of the steel rail; c. after the size of the roll gap is determined, recording is finished, and then the upper module, the lower module and the left module are opened; d. calculating the volume and outline specification of the required model material according to the size of the standard sample plate, and preparing the model material with corresponding volume and outline according to the calculated volume of the required model material; e. placing the prepared model material into a roll gap rolling center line position, namely an extrusion chamber formed by the upper module, the lower module, the left module and the semi-universal pressing plates 6 on the two sides of the modules; f. and (4) finely adjusting the upper module, the lower module and the left module, and observing and recording the flow rule of the model material when the model material is extruded by the modules.
As shown in fig. 1, the upper module 1 of the present invention functions as an upper horizontal roller 11 of the existing equipment, and the lower module 3 functions as a lower horizontal roller 13 of the existing equipment, so as to adjust the profile and size of the rail web 52. The left module 4 functions as the foot stand 14 in existing equipment to adjust the profile and shape of the rail head 53. The two sides of the four modules are provided with universal pressing plates 6, so that an extrusion cavity is formed by the four modules, and the model material is arranged in the extrusion cavity and is always positioned in a limited space range when receiving pressure. For easy observation, it is generally preferable that the universal pressing plate 6 is made of a transparent material.
With the progress of rolling technology, the characteristics of heavy load, high speed and long fixed length become a new trend of railway development, and then the demand of high-precision steel rails is higher and higher. The metal flowing mode of the steel rail in the rolling process has important influence on the precision of the steel rail, such as influencing the section size of the steel rail, the rolling precision, eliminating rolling defects, adjusting the rolling process, designing a hole pattern and the like; on the other hand, the deformation rule of the metal in the hot rolling process is complex and is influenced by actual conditions such as rolling pass, rolling parameters and the like, and the current steel rolling theory cannot systematically explain the corresponding metal flow rule. The steel rail semi-universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method is beneficial to exploring the flow rule of the steel rail in the semi-universal rolling pass, the metal flow size and the flow direction of the steel rail in the universal finish rolling semi-universal rolling process can be visually analyzed, effective reference is provided for steel rail semi-universal rolling pass adjustment, a basis is provided for eliminating rolling defects in the steel rail semi-universal rolling process, and a theoretical model is provided for redistribution of the rolling reduction in the steel rail semi-universal rolling process and the like. In the invention, by constructing the demonstration mode of the semi-universal rolled metal flow plane of the steel rail, the flow rule of the model material in the roll gap 5 can be clearly observed, so that the plastic flow direction of the metal of the rail head, the rail bottom and the rail web of the steel rail can be well obtained, the later pass design is greatly optimized, and meanwhile, the performance and the quality of the finished steel rail in actual production are improved. In actual design, the material of the model material is preferably rubber or space sand, so that the model manufacturing cost is reduced while the observation accuracy is ensured. In combination with practical experience, preferably, in the step b, the rail web 52 of the standard template of the steel rail is horizontally arranged, and preferably, in the step b, the rail base 51 and the rail head 53 of the standard template of the steel rail are vertically arranged, so that the rolling condition is consistent with the actual rolling condition, and the accuracy of observation is ensured.
In actual operation, because steps of calibrating a rolling center line, adjusting a roll gap, installing a standard template, simulating rolling and the like are required, in order to adjust and achieve the convenience of extrusion in use, a certain adjusting range of a corresponding module needs to be ensured, and the vertical moving range of the upper module 1 is generally preferably 0-100 mm. In addition, the rotation range of the inclined deviation of the upper module 1 around the center of the roller of the upper module 1 is preferably-10-10 degrees, so that the upper module 1 has the linear and angle adjusting capability and stronger adaptability. The ability of the upper module 1 to tilt is also the guarantee of the profile of the inner side of the rail base 51 and the profile of the inner side of the rail head 53, namely, the upper module 1 is formed by tilting and deviating a certain angle around the center of the roller of the upper module 1. Based on the same concept, the vertical movement range of the lower module 3 is preferably 0-100mm, and the horizontal movement range of the lower module 3 is preferably 0-50mm, so that the lower module 3 has the adjustment capability in the vertical and horizontal directions. Similarly, the horizontal movement range of the left module 4 is preferably 0-50mm, so that the left module 4 has horizontal adjustment capability.
Examples
In the embodiment, the 60kg/m steel rail is taken as an embodiment, rubber is selected as a material used in the embodiment, and the metal flowing process of the 60kg/m steel rail in the semi-universal rolling process is simulated.
Step a, calibrating a model roll gap: and (3) moving the upper module 1 and the lower module 3 in opposite directions, wherein the downward stroke of the upper module 1 moves by 10mm, and the upward stroke of the lower module 3 moves by 10mm, so that the roller edges of the upper module 1 and the lower module 3 are close to each other and are in a parallel state after being contacted with each other, and the roller edges are not inclined and are kept still. And then the left module 4 is moved, so that the left module moves 10mm to the right stroke, and the roller edge of the left module 4 is contacted with the upper module 1 and the lower module 3, thereby determining a rolling center line and ensuring that the modules have no inclination. After the rolling center line is determined, the roll gap is slowly opened to the maximum, namely the upper module 1 moves 20mm in upward stroke, the lower module 3 moves 20mm in downward stroke, and the left module 4 moves 20mm in left stroke.
Step b, adjusting a roll gap: adjusting the roll gap of the semi-universal metal flow plane demonstration model: and (3) clamping the standard sample plate of the 60kg/m steel rail at the rolling center line position, moving the upper module, the lower module and the left module, and enabling the upper module, the lower module and the left module to be respectively contacted with the rail web, the rail head and the rail bottom of the corresponding standard sample plate of the 60kg/m steel rail, so as to determine the roll gap size of the semi-universal rolling of the 60kg/m steel rail.
And c, after the size of the roll gap is determined, recording is finished, and the upper module, the lower module, the upper module, the lower module and the left module are opened to the maximum stroke position, namely the roll gap is opened to the maximum.
And d, calculating the volume and the outline specification of the required model material according to the size of the standard sample plate of the 60kg/m steel rail, and preparing the model material with the corresponding volume and the outline according to the calculated volume of the required model material, wherein the model material is rubber.
And e, putting the prepared model material into a roll gap rolling center line position, namely an extrusion chamber formed by the upper module, the lower module, the left module and the universal pressing plates 6 on the two sides of the modules.
And f, simultaneously adjusting the upper module, the lower module and the left module to be in contact with the model material, and observing and recording the flowing rule of the model material in the roll gap 5 when the model material is extruded by the modules.
And h, respectively and finely adjusting the upper module 1, the lower module 3 and the left module 4 according to the shape and the size of the section profile of the 60kg/m steel rail, and inclining the upper module 1 by 5 degrees to the right around the axis center of the upper module, and then observing and recording the flowing rule of the rubber material in each step of adjustment process.
The invention can establish an accurate metal flow volume prediction model, visually analyze the metal flow rule of the steel rail in the universal rolling process, formulate a reasonable rolling regulation, and reduce the influence of the metal flow among the rail head, the rail bottom and the rail web on the size precision of the rolled section of the steel rail and the bending degree of the steel rail in the rolling process of the steel rail as much as possible, and has very obvious technical advantages and very wide market popularization prospect.
Claims (10)
1. The demonstration control method for the semi-universal rolled metal flow plane of the steel rail is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. calibrating a model roll gap: moving the upper module (1) and the lower module (3) in opposite directions to enable the roll edges of the upper module (1) and the lower module (3) to be close to each other and to be in a parallel state, then horizontally moving the left module (4) to enable the roll edge of the left module (4) to be in contact with the upper module (1) and the lower module (3), so that a rolling central line is determined, and opening a roll gap (5) after the rolling central line is determined;
b. adjusting a roll gap: clamping the standard template of the steel rail at the rolling center line position, moving the upper module, the lower module and the left module, and enabling the upper module, the lower module and the left module to be respectively contacted with a rail web (52), a rail bottom (51) or a rail head (53) corresponding to the standard template of the steel rail, so as to determine the size of a roll gap of semi-universal rolling of the steel rail;
c. after the size of the roll gap is determined, recording is finished, and then the upper module, the lower module and the left module are opened;
d. calculating the volume and outline specification of the required model material according to the size of the standard sample plate, and preparing the model material with corresponding volume and outline according to the calculated volume of the required model material;
e. placing the prepared model material into a roll gap rolling center line position, namely an extrusion chamber formed by the upper module, the lower module, the left module and universal press plates (6) on two sides of the modules;
f. and (4) finely adjusting the upper module, the lower module and the left module, and observing and recording the flow rule of the model material when the model material is extruded by the modules.
2. The steel rail semi-universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step d, the material of the model material is rubber.
3. The steel rail semi-universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step d, the material of the model material is space sand.
4. A rail semi-universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: in the step b, the rail web (52) of the standard sample plate of the steel rail is horizontally arranged.
5. A rail semi-universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: in the step b, the rail bottom (51) and the rail head (53) of the standard template of the steel rail are vertically arranged.
6. A rail semi-universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the vertical moving range of the upper module (1) is 0-100 mm.
7. A rail semi-universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the rotation range of the upper module (1) inclining and deviating around the center of the rolling shaft of the upper module (1) is-10-10 degrees, and the observation of the outline of the inner side of the rail bottom of the model material and the outline of the inner side of the rail head of the model material is realized by adjusting the inclining and deviating angle of the upper module (1).
8. A rail semi-universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the vertical moving range of the lower module (3) is 0-100 mm.
9. A rail semi-universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the moving range of the lower module (3) in the horizontal direction is 0-50 mm.
10. A rail semi-universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the moving range of the left module (4) in the horizontal direction is 0-50 mm.
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| 康永林,曹树卫: "国内外热轧钢材轧制技术的发展", 《河南冶金》 * |
| 陶功明等: "型钢全轧程仿真软件的开发与应用", 《轧钢》 * |
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| CN113393753B (en) | 2022-08-16 |
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