CN113393470A - Full-automatic tooth segmentation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a full-automatic tooth segmentation method, which comprises the following steps: s1: preprocessing the collected tooth image to obtain a preprocessing result; s2: performing rough segmentation on the preprocessing result by adopting a deep learning model to obtain a rough segmentation result; s3: carrying out mutual exclusion level set model segmentation on the rough segmentation result to obtain a mutual exclusion level set model segmentation result; s4: and performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the segmentation result of the mutually exclusive level set model. The tooth full-automatic segmentation method provided by the invention can solve the problems that the existing tooth segmentation is difficult and full automation in a complete sense cannot be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dental medical treatment, in particular to a full-automatic tooth segmentation method.
Background
In the modern society, the first time "health preservation" becomes a popular word in the society, and the people frequently board the hot search charts of various search engines, which is enough to explain that the attention of the contemporary people to the health is increasing. The least significant of these is the oral problems. The medical imaging technology becomes an indispensable technical means for comprehensively, accurately and accurately acquiring the data of the patient and further providing powerful guarantee for the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases. The oral cavity CT equipment is a revolutionary tool of dentistry, and the CBCT is applied to the field of oral medicine from the late stage of the nineties of the last century, so that the three-dimensional structure of a jaw face can be truly reflected, the defect of two-dimensional imaging is overcome, the relationship between teeth and bones can be evaluated more three-dimensionally, and a more reasonable scheme can be formulated by an orthodontist. In order to reduce the burden of doctors, alleviate the market relation of insufficient supply and demand between doctors and patients, and to alleviate points to some extent, the research on tooth segmentation is becoming the focus of research of various scholars, certainly, is also a research focus. The emerging CBCT imaging technology dedicated to tooth imaging is receiving much attention, and research hot spots are beginning to shift to the research of CBCT tooth images. The CBCT also provides important data support for assisting oral and maxillofacial diagnosis and treatment.
Because of the imaging technical defects of medical images and the particularity of tooth structures, the tooth segmentation treatment can be realized only by means of a certain amount of interactive operation, so that the tooth segmentation difficulty is huge, and the existing level set algorithm needs a large amount of manual participation and cannot realize full automation in a complete sense.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a full-automatic tooth segmentation method, which aims to solve the problems that the existing tooth segmentation is difficult and full automation in a complete sense cannot be realized.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a full-automatic tooth segmentation method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preprocessing the collected tooth image to obtain a preprocessing result;
s2: carrying out rough segmentation on the preprocessing model by adopting a deep learning model to obtain a rough segmentation result;
s3: carrying out mutual exclusion level set model segmentation on the rough segmentation result to obtain a mutual exclusion level set model segmentation result;
s4: and performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the segmentation result of the mutually exclusive level set model.
Alternatively, the step S1 includes the following substeps:
s11: collecting tooth image data which is stored in a layered mode in a DICOM format;
s12: and carrying out gray scale normalization processing on the tooth image data by adopting a gray scale linear change model.
Optionally, in step S12, the gray scale linear variation model includes:
wherein D' (x, y) refers to the gray value of the output image at the pixel point (x, y) after gray conversion, and D (x, y) represents the gray value of the input image at the pixel point (x, y).
Optionally, in step S2, the rough segmentation includes:
and selecting an initial layer to be segmented, and applying a deep learning model to perform initial segmentation.
Optionally, the deep learning model is a U-Net model.
Alternatively, the step S3 includes the following substeps:
s31: taking the rough segmentation result as an initialization result of the mutual exclusion level set model;
s32: and according to the initialization result, performing interlayer sequence two-dimensional iterative segmentation on the tooth image data to obtain a segmentation result of the mutually exclusive level set model.
Optionally, the performing interlayer sequence two-dimensional iterative segmentation on the dental image data comprises:
and performing layer-by-layer iterative segmentation in the directions of the dental crown and the dental root by utilizing the interlayer information from the initial layer of the tooth image data.
Optionally, the interlayer information includes:
the dental image data is divided into a target region including teeth and a background region including gums using a clustering algorithm.
Optionally, in step S3, the mutually exclusive level set model includes:
Φ1=max(Φ1,-Φ2)
Φ2=max(Φ2,-Φ1)
wherein phi1,Φ2Respectively, a first class level set and a second class level set, and max () represents the maximum value taken for them.
Optionally, the mutually exclusive level set model is a DRLSE model, and the DRLSE model includes:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,representing the function of the DRLSE model,indicating a level set function, λ and α are constant values,andrepresenting horizontal and edge terms, respectively, deltaε(),Hε() Representing the unit impact function and the step function which are commonly used, g is a newly introduced boundary detection factor in the model and is expressed asI is the image to be processed and,is a horizontally centered gradient mode whereinIs a gradient operator, is a convolution sign, GσExpressed as σAs a Gaussian function of standard deviation, Ω represents
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the tooth full-automatic segmentation method provided by the invention can be used for well initializing the level set by combining the deep learning model U-Net, and the introduced mutually exclusive level set model can avoid the error of identifying adjacent teeth as a tooth for segmentation. The higher the automation degree of the segmentation model is, the more time-consuming manual operation can be reduced, and the working efficiency and diagnosis and treatment accuracy of doctors are improved. The model can realize full-automatic full-oral-cavity tooth segmentation, greatly reduces the workload of manual operation compared with the prior semi-automatic segmentation model, and is more favorable for landing application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for fully automatically segmenting teeth according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating the substeps of step S1 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the substeps of step S3 in FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a rough segmentation result in the fully automatic tooth segmentation method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a full-automatic tooth segmentation method, which is shown in a figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
s1: preprocessing the collected tooth image to obtain a preprocessing result;
s2: performing rough segmentation on the preprocessing result by using a deep learning model to obtain a rough segmentation result (shown in reference to fig. 4);
s3: carrying out mutual exclusion level set model segmentation on the rough segmentation result to obtain a mutual exclusion level set model segmentation result;
s4: and performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the segmentation result of the mutually exclusive level set model.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the tooth full-automatic segmentation method provided by the invention can be used for well initializing the level set by combining the deep learning model U-Net, and the introduced mutually exclusive level set model can avoid the error of identifying adjacent teeth as a tooth for segmentation. The higher the automation degree of the segmentation model is, the more time-consuming manual operation can be reduced, and the working efficiency and diagnosis and treatment accuracy of doctors are improved. The model can realize full-automatic full-oral-cavity tooth segmentation, greatly reduces the workload of manual operation compared with the prior semi-automatic segmentation model, and is more favorable for landing application.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 2, the step S1 includes the following sub-steps:
s11: collecting tooth image data which is stored in a layered mode in a DICOM format;
DICOM (digital Imaging and Communications in medicine), which is an international standard for medical images and related information (ISO 12052), is one of the most widely deployed medical information standards among tens of thousands of medical Imaging devices in use.
S12: and carrying out gray scale normalization processing on the tooth image data by adopting a gray scale linear change model.
Since the gray scale distribution range of the original tooth image is about 5000-6000, when the gray scale normalization is performed on the original tooth image, the gray scale range of pixels needs to be reduced to [0,255], and in step S12, the gray scale linear variation model includes:
wherein D (x, y) represents the gray level of the input image at the pixel (x, y), D' (x, y) refers to the gray level of the output image at the pixel (x, y) after gray level transformation, and the maximum gray level is generally 255. The general normalization transformation only reduces the gray scale range, and does not change the contrast of the gray scale distribution of the pixel.
Optionally, in step S2, the rough segmentation includes:
and selecting an initial layer to be segmented, and applying a deep learning model to perform initial segmentation.
U-Net is a network model which has great success in the field of medical image segmentation, is a structure similar to an encoder-decoder, and is an improvement of FCN (fuzzy C-means) due to the fact that the model presents symmetry (U-shaped); because the down-sampled feature graph and the up-sampled feature graph with the same dimension are spliced and connected through skip connection, the features of high and low levels are better fused; the method is applicable to application scenes with small sample size and high operation speed, so that the deep learning model is adopted as the U-Net model in the invention. Of course, one skilled in the art can also use conventional algorithms, such as models like MICO, to give the level set algorithm a good initialization, and also achieve fully automatic segmentation of teeth.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 3, the step S3 includes the following sub-steps:
s31: taking the rough segmentation result as an initialization result of the mutual exclusion level set model;
here, since the teeth include the upper teeth and the lower teeth, when the rough division result is used as the initialization result of the exclusive level set model, the initialization process should be performed on the initial layers of the upper teeth and the lower teeth, respectively, and thus two initial layer processed results are obtained.
S32: and according to the initialization result, performing interlayer sequence two-dimensional iterative segmentation on the tooth image data to obtain a segmentation result of the mutually exclusive level set model.
Optionally, the performing interlayer sequence two-dimensional iterative segmentation on the dental image data comprises:
and performing layer-by-layer iterative segmentation in the directions of the dental crown and the dental root by utilizing the interlayer information from the initial layer of the tooth image data.
Optionally, the interlayer information includes:
the dental image data is divided into a target region including teeth and a background region including gums using a clustering algorithm. The tooth image data is divided into a target area and a background area by adopting a K-Means clustering algorithm.
Optionally, in step S3, the mutually exclusive level set model includes:
Φ1=max(Φ1,-Φ2)
Φ2=max(Φ2,-Φ1)
wherein phi1,Φ2Respectively, a first class level set and a second class level set, and max () represents the maximum value taken for them.
Specifically, the following are shown:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,andis a description of the time evolution, div () represents the divergence,a first type of level set curve is represented,a second type of level set curve is represented,representing the corresponding gradients of the two level sets, dp(s) represents a function defined by a parameter s andp'(s) is the derivation of the function p,s represents [0,1 ]]P is a distance regularization term correlation function, p2(. cndot.) is a function of the level set gradient mode,is a horizontally centered gradient mode whereinIs a gradient operator, GσIs a gaussian function with standard deviation sigma, I is the original image, is the convolution sign, g is the edge detection factor,
optionally, the mutually exclusive level set model is a DRLSE model, and the DRLSE model includes:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,representing the function of the DRLSE model,indicating a level set function, λ and α are constant values,andrepresenting horizontal and edge terms, respectively, deltaε(),Hε() Indicating the unit impact in generalFunction and step function, g is a newly introduced boundary detection factor in the model, and is expressed asI is the image to be processed and,is a horizontally centered gradient mode whereinIs a gradient operator, is a convolution sign, GσDenotes a gaussian function with σ as the standard deviation, and Ω denotes an image region.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A full-automatic tooth segmentation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preprocessing the collected tooth image to obtain a preprocessing result;
s2: performing rough segmentation on the preprocessing result by adopting a deep learning model to obtain a rough segmentation result;
s3: carrying out mutual exclusion level set model segmentation on the rough segmentation result to obtain a mutual exclusion level set model segmentation result;
s4: and performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the segmentation result of the mutually exclusive level set model.
2. The method for fully automatically segmenting teeth according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 includes the following sub-steps:
s11: collecting tooth image data which is stored in a layered mode in a DICOM format;
s12: and carrying out gray scale normalization processing on the tooth image data by adopting a gray scale linear change model.
3. The method for fully automatically segmenting teeth according to claim 2, wherein in the step S12, the gray scale linear variation model comprises:
wherein D' (x, y) refers to the gray value of the output image at the pixel point (x, y) after gray conversion, and D (x, y) represents the gray value of the input image at the pixel point (x, y).
4. The method for fully automatically segmenting teeth according to claim 2, wherein in the step S2, the rough segmentation comprises:
and selecting an initial layer to be segmented, and applying a deep learning model to perform initial segmentation.
5. A tooth full-automatic segmentation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the deep learning model is a U-Net model.
6. The method for fully automatically segmenting teeth according to claim 2, wherein the step S3 includes the following sub-steps:
s31: taking the rough segmentation result as an initialization result of the mutual exclusion level set model;
s32: and according to the initialization result, performing interlayer sequence two-dimensional iterative segmentation on the tooth image data to obtain a segmentation result of the mutually exclusive level set model.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the performing the interlayer sequence two-dimensional iterative segmentation on the dental image data comprises:
and performing layer-by-layer iterative segmentation in the directions of the dental crown and the dental root by utilizing the interlayer information from the initial layer of the tooth image data.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the interlayer information comprises:
the dental image data is divided into a target region including teeth and a background region including gums using a clustering algorithm.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the mutually exclusive level set model comprises:
Φ1=max(Φ1,-Φ2)
Φ2=max(Φ2,-Φ1)
wherein phi1,Φ2Respectively, a first class level set and a second class level set, and max () represents the maximum value taken for them.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the mutually exclusive level set model is a DRLSE model, and the DRLSE model comprises:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,representing the function of the DRLSE model,indicating a level set function, λ and α are constant values,andrespectively represent waterArea term and edge term of the sum, δε(),Hε() Representing the unit impact function and the step function which are commonly used, g is a newly introduced boundary detection factor in the model and is expressed asI is the image to be processed and,is a horizontally centered gradient mode whereinIs a gradient operator, is a convolution sign, GσDenotes a gaussian function with σ as the standard deviation, and Ω denotes an image region.
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