CN113390309A - Complex rock blasting method for open pit coal mine in arid region - Google Patents
Complex rock blasting method for open pit coal mine in arid region Download PDFInfo
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- CN113390309A CN113390309A CN202110544834.9A CN202110544834A CN113390309A CN 113390309 A CN113390309 A CN 113390309A CN 202110544834 A CN202110544834 A CN 202110544834A CN 113390309 A CN113390309 A CN 113390309A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for blasting a complex rock mass of an open pit coal mine in an arid region, which comprises the following steps: arranging blast holes, connecting detonating networks, checking before detonating, and performing detonating and post-detonating treatment; the invention selects the low-explosive-force expanded ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive with the wave impedance value close to that of the bedrock, can enhance the crushing action of explosive gas on heterogeneous complex rock mass with joints and crack development, prolongs the crushing action time of the explosive gas on the rock, adopts small explosive bags for non-coupling segmented charging, can ensure that the peak value of compression stress wave during explosive explosion is sharply reduced along with the increase of the distance from the charging surface to the blast hole wall, has obvious blast hole clearance effect and more sufficient blasting action, thereby ensuring that the volume of the blasted rock mass is smaller, the blasting pile is more regular, bringing convenience to safe operation of mining and transportation, simultaneously reducing the impact pressure of the impact wave on the blast hole rock and the positive pressure action time on the hole wall, reducing the quantity of blasting flying stones and improving the safety of coal mining.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining blasting, in particular to a method for blasting complex rock masses of open pit coal mines in arid regions.
Background
The characteristics of the energy structure of China determine that coal is used as main energy of China for a long time, the demand of the high-speed development of the economic society on the energy is continuously increased, in order to effectively improve the service life of each coal mine, an efficient coal mining method is required, in the modern with more and more scarce mineral resources, how to economically and safely mine ores in a mineral deposit becomes a common problem, the existing open pit mining has the advantages of safety, high efficiency, high resource recovery rate and the like, and becomes a preferred coal mining method, and the open pit mining method for the coal mine in the arid region mainly adopts blasting mining;
the traditional open pit coal mine blasting method has complex flow and difficult operation, can not evenly distribute blasting energy, and is easy to generate massive rock mass and irregular blasting piles after blasting due to the heterogeneous complex rock mass structure of open pit coal mines in arid regions, thereby bringing influence to mining, loading and transportation safety operation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for blasting complex rock mass of open pit coal mine in arid region, which selects low-explosive-force expanded ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive with wave impedance value close to that of bedrock, can enhance the breaking action of explosive gas on inhomogeneous complex rock mass with joints and crack development, and prolong the breaking action time of explosive gas on rock.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for blasting open pit coal mine complex rock masses in arid regions comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: blast hole arrangement
Firstly, carrying out field investigation on a step blasting horizontal mining section of a to-be-blasted open-pit mine area, analyzing the trend lithology change and the trend lithology change of the mine area, then determining blasting parameters and a charging structure according to the analysis result, laying and marking blasting blast hole positions corresponding to line spacing according to the analysis result, and then drilling and perforating blast holes at the marked positions;
step two: detonating circuit connection
According to the first step, firstly filling explosives in drilled blast holes, then adding emulsified initiating explosive above the explosives in the blast holes, and then performing blasting network connection on the emulsified initiating explosive and the explosives in the blast holes by adopting non-conductive detonator aiming at different complex rock fracture surface formation forms to form a V-shaped oblique line millisecond differential initiating network;
step three: check before detonation
According to the second step, after the arrangement of the detonating circuit is finished, manually checking and confirming all blast holes, ensuring that no leakage is caused for connecting non-electric detonator, filling emulsified detonating powder and explosive, and checking the surrounding environment of the blasting area and timely eliminating factors influencing blasting safety;
step four: carry out detonation
According to the third step, after the detection is finished, selecting a first blast hole arranged in the middle of the lateral free surface of the blasting area as a detonation point, exciting a non-conductive blasting cap, emulsified initiating explosive and explosive by an exciting gun, and detonating the non-conductive blasting cap, the emulsified initiating explosive and the explosive section by section at millisecond intervals, so that the detonation is propagated along the direction of the positive free surface;
step five: post-detonation treatment
And step four, after the detonation is finished and the blasting smoke is dissipated, the detonation personnel enters the blasting area to check, whether the phenomenon of misfiring exists is judged by observing the condition of blasting piles and the color of the non-electric detonator, and the rock mass and the blasting piles generated by blasting are collected, loaded and transported by the transport vehicle after the detection is correct.
The further improvement lies in that: in the first step, 3-5 rows of holes are distributed each time when the marked blast hole positions are distributed, the number of the blast holes in each row is not less than 7, and the number of the blast holes in the direction of the positive free surface in the blasting area is more than that of the blast holes in the direction of the lateral free surface.
The further improvement lies in that: in the first step, the blast holes with the marks are distributed in a triangular shape in the blasting area, the blast holes are drilled through a down-the-hole drill, and the diameter of the down-the-hole drill is 120 mm.
The further improvement lies in that: in the second step, the low-explosive-force expanded ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive with the wave impedance value close to that of the bedrock is selected as the explosive, and the explosive is sectionally uncoupled and cylindrically charged by adopting small explosive bags when the blast hole is filled with the explosive.
The further improvement lies in that: in the fourth step, 15 sections of delay intervals of the non-electric detonator blasting tubes in the blast holes are blasted during blasting, and the delay intervals of the non-electric detonator blasting tubes between the V-shaped blast hole connecting lines are 50-75 ms.
The further improvement lies in that: and step five, if the non-electric detonator is not discolored in the checking process, checking whether the ground surface non-electric detonator is damaged or not, and if the ground surface non-electric detonator is not damaged, connecting again for secondary detonation.
The further improvement lies in that: and fifthly, if the color of the non-electric detonator is changed, but no crack exists around the blast hole and no deformation exists on the step in the checking process, performing dredging by a construction team excavator to determine whether the blasting is refused.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention has simple process and easy operation, selects the low-explosive-force expanded ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive with the wave impedance value close to that of the bedrock, and can strengthen the explosive gas to joint and crack
The crushing action of the developed heterogeneous complex rock mass prolongs the crushing action time of the explosive gas on the rock, the small explosive bags are not coupled for sectional charging, so that the peak value of the compression stress wave during explosive explosion is sharply reduced along with the increase of the distance from the charging surface to the blast hole wall, the blast hole clearance effect is obvious, the blasting effect is more sufficient, thereby leading the volume of the blasted rock mass to be smaller, the blasting pile to be more regular, bringing convenience for safe operation of mining, loading and transportation, simultaneously, the impact pressure of the shock wave to blast hole rocks and the positive pressure action time to the hole wall can be reduced, the range of a fracture area is not further expanded, the quantity of blasting flying stones is reduced, the safety of coal mining is improved, in addition, the explosive packet in the blast hole is delayed in initiation by adopting a non-electric detonator, so that the initiation time of the explosive in the hole is prolonged, and the condition that the initiation circuit of a rear initiation hole is broken by blasting flystones to generate explosion rejection is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment provides a method for blasting complex rock masses of an open pit coal mine in an arid region, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: blast hole arrangement
Firstly, carrying out on-site exploration on a bench blasting horizontal mining section of a to-be-blasted open-pit mine area, analyzing the trend lithology change and the trend lithology change of the mine area, then determining blasting parameters and a charging structure according to an analysis result, laying and marking blasting hole positions corresponding to a line spacing according to the analysis result, then drilling and perforating blast holes at the marked positions, laying and marking the blast hole positions, distributing 5 rows of holes each time, wherein the number of the blast holes in each row is 7, ensuring that the number of the blast holes in the direction of a forward free surface of the blasting area is more than that of the blast holes in the direction of a lateral free surface, distributing and marking the blast holes in the blasting area in a triangular distribution, perforating and drilling the blast holes through a down-the-hole drilling machine, wherein the pore diameter of the down-the-hole drilling machine is 120 mm;
step two: detonating circuit connection
According to the first step, firstly filling explosives in a drilled blast hole, then adding emulsified explosives above the explosives in the blast hole, then adopting a non-electric detonator to perform blasting network connection on the emulsified explosives and the explosives in the blast hole according to different complex rock fracture surface formation forms to form a V-shaped oblique line millisecond differential blasting network, wherein the explosives adopt low-explosive-force expanded ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives with wave impedance values close to that of bedrock, when the explosives are filled in the blast hole, the explosives are loaded in a small explosive bag section-decoupling columnar mode, appearance inspection is performed on the non-electric detonator before the non-electric detonator is arranged, the non-electric detonator with damage, fine drawing, water inlet, impurities in the pipe, broken explosives, poor plasticizing and untight sealing is screened out, the situation that the non-electric detonator is not subjected to plasticizing and knotting is avoided in the process of arranging the non-electric detonator, and proper space is reserved between adjacent non-electric detonator, the detonation time of the explosives in the hole is prolonged, and the phenomenon that the detonation flying stones blast the detonation circuit of the rear detonation hole to generate misfiring explosion is avoided;
step three: check before detonation
According to the second step, after the arrangement of the detonating circuit is finished, all blast holes are confirmed through manual inspection, the condition that non-electric detonator is not leaked and connected, emulsified detonating powder and explosives are filled in the blasting holes in a leakage mode is guaranteed, then the surrounding environment of a blasting area is inspected, factors influencing blasting safety are eliminated in time, and safety is improved;
step four: carry out detonation
According to the third step, after the detection is finished, selecting a first blast hole arranged in the middle of the lateral free surface of the blasting area as a detonation point, exciting a non-electric detonator, emulsified initiating explosive and explosive to detonate in a hole-by-hole millisecond interval by an exciting gun, and enabling the detonation to propagate along the direction of the positive free surface, wherein the delay interval of the non-electric detonator in the blast hole is 15 sections of initiation, and the delay interval of the non-electric detonator between the V-shaped blast hole connecting lines is 75 ms;
step five: post-detonation treatment
According to the fourth step, after detonation is finished and blasting smoke is dissipated, a detonating person enters a blasting area to check, whether a misfire phenomenon exists is judged by observing the condition of blasting piles and the color of the non-conductive blasting cap, the rock mass and the blasting piles generated by blasting are collected and transported by a transport vehicle after the failure of the detonation is detected, if the non-conductive blasting cap does not change color in the checking process, whether the ground surface non-conductive blasting cap is damaged or not is checked, if the ground surface non-conductive blasting cap is not damaged, secondary detonation is carried out by reconnection, if the non-conductive blasting cap changes color, but no crack exists around a blast hole and no deformation exists on a step, the blasting is carried out by a construction team excavator to determine whether the detonation is refused.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A complicated rock blasting method for open pit coal mine in arid region is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: blast hole arrangement
Firstly, carrying out field investigation on a step blasting horizontal mining section of a to-be-blasted open-pit mine area, analyzing the trend lithology change and the trend lithology change of the mine area, then determining blasting parameters and a charging structure according to the analysis result, laying and marking blasting blast hole positions corresponding to line spacing according to the analysis result, and then drilling and perforating blast holes at the marked positions;
step two: detonating circuit connection
According to the first step, firstly filling explosives in drilled blast holes, then adding emulsified initiating explosive above the explosives in the blast holes, and then performing blasting network connection on the emulsified initiating explosive and the explosives in the blast holes by adopting non-conductive detonator aiming at different complex rock fracture surface formation forms to form a V-shaped oblique line millisecond differential initiating network;
step three: check before detonation
According to the second step, after the arrangement of the detonating circuit is finished, manually checking and confirming all blast holes, ensuring that no leakage is caused for connecting non-electric detonator, filling emulsified detonating powder and explosive, and checking the surrounding environment of the blasting area and timely eliminating factors influencing blasting safety;
step four: carry out detonation
According to the third step, after the detection is finished, selecting a first blast hole arranged in the middle of the lateral free surface of the blasting area as a detonation point, exciting a non-conductive blasting cap, emulsified initiating explosive and explosive by an exciting gun, and detonating the non-conductive blasting cap, the emulsified initiating explosive and the explosive section by section at millisecond intervals, so that the detonation is propagated along the direction of the positive free surface;
step five: post-detonation treatment
And step four, after the detonation is finished and the blasting smoke is dissipated, the detonation personnel enters the blasting area to check, whether the phenomenon of misfiring exists is judged by observing the condition of blasting piles and the color of the non-electric detonator, and the rock mass and the blasting piles generated by blasting are collected, loaded and transported by the transport vehicle after the detection is correct.
2. The method for blasting the complex rock mass of the open pit coal mine in the arid region according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the first step, 3-5 rows of holes are distributed each time when the marked blast hole positions are distributed, the number of the blast holes in each row is not less than 7, and the number of the blast holes in the direction of the positive free surface in the blasting area is more than that of the blast holes in the direction of the lateral free surface.
3. The method for blasting the complex rock mass of the open pit coal mine in the arid region according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the first step, the blast holes with the marks are distributed in a triangular shape in the blasting area, the blast holes are drilled through a down-the-hole drill, and the diameter of the down-the-hole drill is 120 mm.
4. The method for blasting the complex rock mass of the open pit coal mine in the arid region according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the second step, the low-explosive-force expanded ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive with the wave impedance value close to that of the bedrock is selected as the explosive, and the explosive is sectionally uncoupled and cylindrically charged by adopting small explosive bags when the blast hole is filled with the explosive.
5. The method for blasting the complex rock mass of the open pit coal mine in the arid region according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the fourth step, 15 sections of delay intervals of the non-electric detonator blasting tubes in the blast holes are blasted during blasting, and the delay intervals of the non-electric detonator blasting tubes between the V-shaped blast hole connecting lines are 50-75 ms.
6. The method for blasting the complex rock mass of the open pit coal mine in the arid region according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and step five, if the non-electric detonator is not discolored in the checking process, checking whether the ground surface non-electric detonator is damaged or not, and if the ground surface non-electric detonator is not damaged, connecting again for secondary detonation.
7. The method for blasting the complex rock mass of the open pit coal mine in the arid region according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and fifthly, if the color of the non-electric detonator is changed, but no crack exists around the blast hole and no deformation exists on the step in the checking process, performing dredging by a construction team excavator to determine whether the blasting is refused.
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| CN115854803B (en) * | 2022-11-26 | 2023-06-27 | 中国水利水电第三工程局有限公司 | Rock-soil control blasting method for old industrial factory |
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