CN113386564B - Fuel cell automobile hydrogen system and fault detection method thereof - Google Patents

Fuel cell automobile hydrogen system and fault detection method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113386564B
CN113386564B CN202010167171.9A CN202010167171A CN113386564B CN 113386564 B CN113386564 B CN 113386564B CN 202010167171 A CN202010167171 A CN 202010167171A CN 113386564 B CN113386564 B CN 113386564B
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pressure
flow path
fuel cell
low
fault
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CN113386564A (en
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李江川
李力军
张金亮
司耀辉
张龙海
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Yutong Bus Co Ltd
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Yutong Bus Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0053—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel cell automobile hydrogen system and a fault detection method thereof, belonging to the technical field of new energy of fuel cells. The fault identification of the prior art for the hydrogen system of the fuel cell assumes that the fuel cell is operated in an ideal state, and other judgment conditions are not supplemented, so that the problems that the fault misjudgment occurs when the fuel cell is not operated in the ideal state, and the driving comfort of an automobile is reduced due to the fault misjudgment occur. The invention provides a fuel cell automobile hydrogen system and a fault detection method thereof.A flow path between a pressure reducing valve and a fuel cell is set as a first flow path, and the fault detection comprises the fault detection of the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path being too high and/or the fault detection of the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path being too low; by introducing judgment conditions such as the starting-stopping state of the fuel cell, the real-time power change rate of the fuel cell and the like, the fault detection of the hydrogen system of the fuel cell is real-time and accurate, false alarm is prevented, and the comfort of the automobile is improved.

Description

Fuel cell automobile hydrogen system and fault detection method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of new energy, and relates to a fuel cell automobile hydrogen system and a fault detection method thereof.
Background
The fuel cell is a device for directly converting chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, can continuously output the electric energy only by introducing the fuel and oxidant, and has the advantages of high energy conversion rate, cleanness and environmental protection. The fuel cell automobile has become an important direction for the development of new energy automobiles due to the advantages of high efficiency, zero emission and the like. The current hydrogen storage mode of a fuel cell automobile is high-pressure gas cylinder storage, and normal supply of hydrogen can be realized only after the pressure of high-pressure hydrogen is reduced to the range of the required pressure of the fuel cell through a pressure reducing valve. During the working process of the pressure reducing valve, the outlet pressure of the pressure reducing valve rises or falls due to the reasons of system pressure fluctuation, hydrogen flow demand fluctuation, performance reduction of the pressure reducing valve and the like, and the outlet pressure of the pressure reducing valve can exceed the upper limit or the lower limit of the fuel cell demand pressure threshold value in serious cases. In order to protect the fuel cell, the fuel cell inlet pressure, i.e., the first flow path pressure, needs to be strictly controlled.
Patent No. CN108630967A discloses a control method of a fuel cell system, which cuts off the supply of hydrogen gas to a second flow path between a pressure reducing valve and a hydrogen gas cylinder when a low-pressure sensor detects an abnormality in the pressure value of the first flow path. Whether the pressure reducing valve and the low-pressure sensor have faults or not is judged by judging the condition of the detection value of the low-pressure sensor, and the specific judgment rule is as follows: when the low-pressure sensor detects that the low-pressure value is reduced, the pressure reducing valve is judged to be in fault; and when the low-pressure sensor detects that the low-pressure value does not drop, determining that the pressure sensor has a fault. The scheme only analyzes the specific reasons of the faults when detecting the over-high alarm of the low-voltage fault of the first flow path, and does not detect the over-low alarm of the low-voltage fault of the first flow path and the false alarm caused by the characteristics of the pressure reducing valve under the condition that the fuel cell stops.
Fig. 1 and 2 show another fault detection method for a fuel cell hydrogen system in the prior art, in which a low-pressure sensor is disposed at an outlet of a pressure reducing valve, so as to monitor a first flow path pressure in real time, and simultaneously set a low-pressure maximum value of a hydrogen pressure and a low-pressure minimum value of the hydrogen pressure, when the first flow path pressure is greater than the set low-pressure maximum value, the hydrogen system reports a hydrogen low-pressure too-high fault, and when the first flow path pressure is less than the set low-pressure minimum value, the hydrogen system reports a hydrogen low-pressure too-low fault, and executes a corresponding protection strategy.
Although the fault detection methods shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2 add a low-voltage and too low-voltage fault detection strategy, the fault identification of the hydrogen system of the fuel cell in the prior art is based on the assumption that the fuel cell is operated in an ideal state, and no other judgment condition is supplemented, so that various faults can be misjudged when the fuel cell is not operated in the ideal state, and the comfort of the vehicle is reduced due to the misjudgment of the faults in the operation process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen system of a fuel cell automobile, which is used for solving the problem of reduced comfort caused by fault misjudgment in the operation of the automobile.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting a failure in a hydrogen system of a fuel cell, so as to solve various problems caused by failure due to failure determination conditions that are not set during operation of an automobile.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme of the fuel cell automobile hydrogen system is as follows:
scheme 1: a fuel cell automobile hydrogen system comprises a pressure reducing valve, a fuel cell, a pressure sensor and a controller; the flow path between the pressure reducing valve and the fuel cell is a first flow path; the pressure sensor is used for detecting the gas pressure of the first flow path, the controller is connected with the pressure sensor and used for carrying out fault detection by combining the pressure of the first flow path and the state of the fuel cell, the state of the fuel cell comprises an operating state and a non-operating state, and the fault detection comprises first flow path low pressure over-high fault detection and/or first flow path low pressure over-low fault detection.
Detecting a first flow path low-voltage overhigh fault: when the pressure value of the first flow path is larger than the set maximum value and smaller than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen system is in a non-working state, the first flow path is judged to have no low-pressure and over-high fault;
first flow path low voltage too low fault detection: and when the pressure value of the first flow path is smaller than the set minimum value and the self-checking time is longer than or equal to the set minimum value, judging that the first flow path has no low-pressure and low-pressure fault.
The hydrogen system of the fuel cell automobile limits the fault alarm of the hydrogen pressure over-high of the first flow path and/or the fault alarm of the hydrogen pressure under-low of the first flow path, and the set working state of the hydrogen system can prevent the false alarm problem of the fault of the hydrogen pressure over-high of the first flow path caused by the fact that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is greater than a set maximum value and less than the locking pressure of a pressure reducing valve when the fuel cell is in a shutdown state. The problem of false alarm caused by the fact that the pressure of the hydrogen gas of the first flow path is smaller than the set minimum value when the fuel cell is in a starting state or maintained and maintained is solved. The number of times of false alarm in the operation process of the automobile is reduced, and the comfort of the automobile is improved.
Scheme 2: further, on the basis of the scheme 1, the fuel cell states further include a fuel cell power change rate state, and in the first flow path low-pressure excessive-high fault detection, when the first flow path pressure value is larger than a set maximum value, the hydrogen system is in an operating state, and the fuel cell power change rate is not reduced suddenly or the fuel cell power change rate is still larger than the set maximum value after the fuel cell power change rate is restored to be stable suddenly, it is determined that a low-pressure excessive-high fault exists in the first flow path; in the first flow passage low-pressure and low-fault detection, when the first flow passage pressure value is smaller than a set minimum value, the first flow passage pressure value is still smaller than the set minimum value after self-checking set time, and the power change rate of the fuel cell is not accompanied by sharp increase or the first flow passage pressure value is still smaller than the set minimum value after the sharp increase returns to be stable, the first flow passage is judged to have low-pressure and low-fault. The fuel cell power change rate detection is arranged, so that false alarm caused by the fact that the low pressure of the first flow path is higher than a set maximum value or lower than a set minimum value due to the fact that the instantaneous power of the fuel cell is changed violently in the operation process of the hydrogen system can be avoided.
Scheme 3: further, on the basis of the scheme 2, the fault detection further comprises the following step of detecting the fault of the pressure reducing valve: when the first flow path pressure value is greater than the relief valve lock-up pressure, it is determined that the relief valve has a failure. The problem that whether the functionality of the pressure reducing valve is reduced can be found timely and effectively.
Scheme 4: further, on the basis of the scheme 1, 2 or 3, the self-test set time in the detection of the first flow path low voltage too low fault is not less than the starting time of the fuel cell.
Scheme 5: further, in addition to the embodiment 1, in the detection of the low-pressure and excessive-pressure fault of the first flow path, after the pressure value in the first flow path is greater than the set maximum value, the hydrogen system is in the operating state and the power change rate of the fuel cell is detected.
Scheme 6: further, on the basis of the scheme 1, in the detection of the low-voltage and low-voltage fault of the first flow path, after the pressure value in the first flow path is smaller than the set minimum value, self-checking and detection of the power change rate of the fuel cell are performed.
The technical scheme of the fault detection method of the fuel cell hydrogen system comprises the following steps:
scheme 1: a fault detection method for a fuel cell hydrogen system sets a flow path between a pressure reducing valve and a fuel cell as a first flow path, and the fault detection method comprises first flow path low pressure too high fault detection and/or first flow path low pressure too low fault detection.
Detecting a first flow path low-voltage overhigh fault: when the pressure value of the first flow path is larger than the set maximum value and smaller than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen system is in a non-working state, the first flow path is judged to have no low-pressure over-high fault;
first flow path low voltage underlow fault detection: and when the pressure value of the first flow path is smaller than the set minimum value and the self-checking time is longer than or equal to the set minimum value, judging that the first flow path has no low-pressure and low-pressure fault.
The fault detection method for the hydrogen system of the fuel cell automobile limits the fault alarm of the first flow path of hydrogen with over-high pressure and/or the fault alarm of the first flow path of hydrogen with over-low pressure, and sets the working state of the hydrogen system to prevent the false alarm problem of the fault of the first flow path of hydrogen with over-high pressure caused by the fact that the pressure of the first flow path of hydrogen is greater than the set maximum value and less than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve when the fuel cell is in the shutdown state. The problem of false alarm caused by the fact that the pressure of the hydrogen gas of the first flow path is smaller than the set minimum value when the fuel cell is in a starting state or maintained and maintained is solved. The invalid operation caused by false alarm is prevented, the efficiency of the safety detection of the fuel cell automobile is improved, and the driving safety of the automobile is also improved.
Scheme 2: further, on the basis of the scheme 1, the fuel cell states further include a fuel cell power change rate state, and in the first flow path low-pressure excessive-high fault detection, when the first flow path pressure value is larger than a set maximum value, the hydrogen system is in an operating state, and the fuel cell power change rate is not reduced suddenly or the fuel cell power change rate is still larger than the set maximum value after the fuel cell power change rate is restored to be stable suddenly, it is determined that a low-pressure excessive-high fault exists in the first flow path; in the first flow passage low-pressure and low-fault detection, when the first flow passage pressure value is smaller than a set minimum value, the first flow passage pressure value is still smaller than the set minimum value after self-checking set time, and the power change rate of the fuel cell is not accompanied by sharp increase or the first flow passage pressure value is still smaller than the set minimum value after the sharp increase returns to be stable, the first flow passage is judged to have low-pressure and low-fault. The fuel cell power change rate detection is arranged, so that false alarm caused by the fact that the low pressure of the first flow path is higher than a set maximum value or lower than a set minimum value due to the fact that the instantaneous power of the fuel cell is changed violently in the operation process of the hydrogen system can be avoided.
Scheme 3: further, on the basis of scheme 2, the self-test set time in the detection of the first flow path low voltage too low fault is not less than the starting time of the fuel cell.
Scheme 4: further, on the basis of the scheme 1, 2 or 3, the fault detection further includes a pressure reducing valve fault detection: when the first flow path pressure value is greater than the relief valve lock-up pressure, it is determined that the relief valve has a failure. The problem that whether the functionality of the pressure reducing valve is reduced can be found timely and effectively.
Scheme 5: further, in the case of the embodiment 1, in the detection of the low-pressure and excessive-pressure fault of the first flow path, after the pressure value in the first flow path is greater than the set maximum value, the hydrogen system is in the operating state and the power change rate of the fuel cell is detected.
Scheme 6: further, on the basis of the scheme 1, in the detection of the low-voltage and low-voltage fault of the first flow path, after the pressure value in the first flow path is smaller than the set minimum value, self-checking and detection of the power change rate of the fuel cell are performed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a prior art first flow path hydrogen low pressure over-high fault detection strategy;
FIG. 2 is a prior art first flow path hydrogen low pressure low fault detection strategy;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a method for detecting a failure in a hydrogen system of a fuel cell vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the method for detecting a failure in a hydrogen system of a fuel cell vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the method for detecting a failure in a hydrogen system of a fuel cell vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of the fault detection method for a hydrogen system of a fuel cell vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a fifth embodiment of the method for detecting a failure in a hydrogen system of a fuel cell vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a sixth embodiment of the fuel cell vehicle hydrogen system fault detection method of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a system configuration diagram of an embodiment of a hydrogen system of a fuel cell vehicle according to the present invention.
In the figure: the system comprises a hydrogen gas cylinder 1, a pressure reducing valve 2, a pressure sensor 3, a controller 4, a fuel cell 5, a first flow path 6, a second flow path 7 and a vehicle control unit 8.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment of the fuel cell hydrogen system fault detection method:
as shown in FIG. 3, the flow path between the pressure reducing valve and the fuel cell is set as the first flow path, and the pressure sensor detects that the hydrogen pressure P in the first flow path is greater than the set maximum value P in the present embodiment H The controller determines that the pressure value is suspected to have the abnormality of the low pressure and the high pressure of the hydrogen.
Further, the controller judges the state of the fuel cell, and if the fuel cell is in the working state, namely S =1, the controller judges that the first flow path hydrogen pressure has a low-pressure overhigh fault; if the fuel cell is in a non-operating state, i.e., S =0, it is continuously determined whether the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the first flow path is greater than the lock pressure P of the pressure reducing valve lock If the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is greater than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path has a low-pressure overhigh fault; and if the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is smaller than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is normal, and ending the detection process.
Embodiment two of the fuel cell hydrogen system failure detection method:
as shown in fig. 4, the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that fuel is added during the failure detection of the hydrogen system of the fuel cellThe state of the fuel cell is used as a judgment condition. In the embodiment, the pressure sensor detects that the pressure P of the hydrogen in the first flow path is greater than the set maximum value P H The controller determines that the pressure value is suspected to have the abnormality of the low pressure and the high pressure of the hydrogen.
Further, the controller determines the state of the fuel cell, and if the fuel cell is in an operating state, i.e., S =1, it continues to determine whether the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the first flow path is greater than the lock pressure P of the pressure reducing valve lock If the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is greater than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve, the first flow path is judged to have a fault of overhigh low pressure and the performance of the pressure reducing valve is reduced, and the first flow path needs to be overhauled; if the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is smaller than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path has a low-pressure overhigh fault but the pressure reducing valve has no fault; if the fuel cell is in a non-operating state, i.e., S =0, it is continuously determined whether the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the first flow path is greater than the lock pressure P of the pressure reducing valve lock If the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is greater than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve, the first flow path is judged to have a fault of overhigh low pressure and the performance of the pressure reducing valve is reduced, and the first flow path needs to be overhauled; and if the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is smaller than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is normal, and ending the detection process.
Third embodiment of the method for detecting the fault of the fuel cell hydrogen system:
as shown in fig. 5, the present embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that a fuel cell power change rate is added as a determination condition when detecting a failure of a fuel cell hydrogen system, and for a time when the fuel cell power change rate sharply increases or sharply decreases, different vehicles can specifically obtain the corresponding determination condition through tests, and in the present embodiment, a determination range of sharp changes in fuel cell power is as follows: and (3) during a period of time t, when the response power change of the fuel cell exceeds the rated power ratio m of the fuel cell, the power of the fuel cell is considered to be increased or reduced sharply, wherein t is 5-20s, and m is 70-90% according to different vehicles. In the embodiment, the pressure sensor detects that the pressure P of the hydrogen in the first flow path is greater than the set maximum value P H The controller determines that the pressure value is suspected to have the abnormality of the low pressure and the high pressure of the hydrogen.
Further, the controller determinesCutting off the fuel cell, if the fuel cell is in a non-working state, namely S =0, continuously judging whether the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is greater than the locking pressure P of the reducing valve lock If the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is greater than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve, the first flow path is judged to have a fault of overhigh low pressure and the performance of the pressure reducing valve is reduced, and the first flow path needs to be overhauled; and if the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is smaller than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is normal, and ending the detection process.
If the fuel cell is in the working state, namely S =1, whether the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is larger than the locking pressure P of the reducing valve or not is continuously judged lock If the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is greater than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve, the first flow path is judged to have a fault of overhigh low pressure and the performance of the pressure reducing valve is reduced, and the first flow path needs to be overhauled; if the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is smaller than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve, continuously judging whether the power change rate eta of the fuel cell is sharply reduced, and if the power change rate of the fuel cell is not sharply reduced, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path has a low-pressure overhigh fault; if the power change rate of the fuel cell is sharply reduced, the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is still larger than the set maximum value after the state is recovered to be stable along with the sharp reduction, and the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is judged to have a low-pressure overhigh fault; and if the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is smaller than the set maximum value after the sudden decrease state is recovered to be stable, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is normal, and ending the detection flow.
Fourth embodiment of the method for detecting failure of hydrogen system of fuel cell:
as shown in fig. 6, in the present embodiment, the pressure sensor detects that the first flow path hydrogen pressure P is less than the set minimum value P L The controller determines that the pressure value is suspected to have an abnormality of low hydrogen pressure.
Further, the controller carries out self-checking to prevent false alarm that the pressure of the fuel cell is not recovered to normal when the fuel cell is started or after the fuel cell is subjected to maintenance and air release, when the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path of the hydrogen system is recovered to the working pressure, the pressure sensor detects the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path again, and if the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is still smaller than a set minimum value, the situation that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path has a low-pressure and over-low fault is judged; and if the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is greater than or equal to the set minimum value, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is normal, and ending the detection process.
Fifth embodiment of the method for detecting a failure in a hydrogen system of a fuel cell:
as shown in fig. 7, the present embodiment is different from the fourth embodiment in that the power change rate of the fuel cell is added as a determination condition when detecting the failure of the hydrogen system of the fuel cell, and for the time when the power change rate of the fuel cell sharply increases or sharply decreases, different vehicles can specifically obtain the corresponding determination condition through experiments, and in the present embodiment, the determination range of the sharp change of the power of the fuel cell is as follows: and in a period of time t, when the response power change of the fuel cell exceeds the rated power proportion m of the fuel cell, the power of the fuel cell is considered to be increased or decreased sharply, wherein t is 5-20s and m is 70-90% according to different vehicles. . In this embodiment, the pressure sensor detects that the hydrogen pressure P of the first flow path is less than the set minimum value P L The controller determines that the pressure value is suspected to have an abnormality of low hydrogen pressure.
Further, the controller carries out self-checking to prevent false alarm that the pressure of the fuel cell is not recovered to be normal when the fuel cell is started or after the fuel cell is subjected to maintenance and air release, when the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path of the hydrogen system is recovered to the working pressure, the pressure sensor detects the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path again, if the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is larger than or equal to a set minimum value, the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is judged to be normal, and the detection process is ended. If the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is still smaller than the set minimum value, continuously judging whether the power change rate eta of the fuel cell is increased sharply, and if the power change rate of the fuel cell is not increased sharply, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path has a low-pressure and low-pressure fault; if the power change rate of the fuel cell is sharply increased, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path has a low-pressure and low-pressure fault when the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is smaller than a set minimum value after the sharply increased state is recovered to be stable; and if the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is larger than or equal to the set minimum value after the sudden decrease state is recovered to be stable, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is normal, and ending the detection process.
Sixth embodiment of the fuel cell hydrogen system fault detection method:
as shown in the figureAs shown in fig. 8, the above-mentioned embodiment of the present embodiment is different in that all the determination conditions of the first to fifth embodiments are combined together at the time of detecting the failure of the hydrogen system of the fuel cell to form a general failure detection strategy of the hydrogen system of the fuel cell. In this embodiment, the pressure sensor first detects the hydrogen pressure P of the first flow path, and if the hydrogen pressure P of the first flow path is greater than the set maximum value P H The controller judges that the pressure value is suspected to have the abnormality of the hydrogen pressure low pressure.
Further, the controller determines the state of the fuel cell, and if the fuel cell is in a non-operating state, i.e., S =0, it continues to determine whether the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the first flow path is greater than the lock-up pressure P of the pressure reducing valve lock If the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is greater than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve, the first flow path is judged to have a fault of overhigh low pressure and the performance of the pressure reducing valve is reduced, and the first flow path needs to be overhauled; and if the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is smaller than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is normal, and ending the detection flow.
If the fuel cell is in the working state, namely S =1, whether the hydrogen pressure of the first flow passage is larger than the locking pressure P of the reducing valve or not is continuously judged lock If the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is greater than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve, the first flow path is judged to have a fault of overhigh low pressure and the performance of the pressure reducing valve is reduced, and the first flow path needs to be overhauled; if the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is smaller than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve, continuously judging whether the power change rate eta of the fuel cell is sharply reduced, and if the power change rate of the fuel cell is not sharply reduced, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path has a low-pressure overhigh fault; if the power change rate of the fuel cell is sharply reduced, the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is still larger than the set maximum value after the state is recovered to be stable along with the sharp reduction, and the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is judged to have a low-pressure overhigh fault; and if the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is smaller than the set maximum value after the sudden decrease state is recovered to be stable, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is normal, and ending the detection flow.
If the first flow path hydrogen pressure P is less than the set maximum value P H The controller continuously judges whether the hydrogen pressure P of the first flow path is less than the set minimum value P L If the first flow path hydrogen pressure is greater than or equal to the set minimum value P L Judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is normal, and ending the detection flow; if the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the first flow path is less than the set minimum value P L The controller determines that the pressure value is suspected to have an abnormality of low hydrogen pressure.
Further, the controller carries out self-checking to prevent false alarm that the pressure of the fuel cell is not recovered to be normal when the fuel cell is started or after the fuel cell is subjected to maintenance and air release, when the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path of the hydrogen system is recovered to the working pressure, the pressure sensor detects the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path again, if the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is greater than or equal to a set minimum value, the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is judged to be normal, and the detection process is ended. If the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is still smaller than the set minimum value, continuously judging whether the power change rate eta of the fuel cell is increased sharply, and if the power change rate of the fuel cell is not increased sharply, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path has a low-pressure and low-pressure fault; if the power change rate of the fuel cell is sharply increased, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path has a low-pressure and low-pressure fault when the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is smaller than a set minimum value after the sharply increased state is recovered to be stable; and if the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is greater than or equal to the set minimum value after the sudden decrease state is recovered to be stable, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is normal, and ending the detection flow.
Seventh embodiment of the method for detecting a failure in a hydrogen system of a fuel cell:
in the process of detecting the fault of the hydrogen system of the fuel cell, the controller firstly judges the state of the fuel cell, if the fuel cell is in a non-working state, namely S =0, the pressure sensor starts to detect the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path, and whether the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is greater than the locking pressure P of the reducing valve or not is judged lock If the hydrogen pressure in the first flow path is less than the locking pressure P of the pressure reducing valve lock The first flow path hydrogen pressure is judged to be normal, and the detection flow is ended. If the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the first flow path is greater than the locking pressure P of the pressure reducing valve lock And judging that the first flow path has a low-pressure overhigh fault and the performance of the pressure reducing valve is reduced, and needing to be overhauled.
If the fuel cell is in the working state S =1, whether the first flow path hydrogen pressure P is larger than the set maximum value P or not is continuously judged H If the first flow path is hydrogen pressureThe force P being greater than the set maximum value P H The controller judges that the pressure value is suspected to have the abnormality of the low pressure and the high pressure of the hydrogen gas, and continuously judges whether the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the first flow path is larger than the locking pressure P of the pressure reducing valve lock If the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is greater than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve, judging that the first flow path has a fault of overhigh low pressure and the performance of the pressure reducing valve is reduced, and needing to be overhauled; if the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is smaller than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve, continuously judging whether the power change rate eta of the fuel cell is sharply reduced, and if the power change rate of the fuel cell is not sharply reduced, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path has a low-pressure overhigh fault; if the power change rate of the fuel cell is sharply reduced, the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is still larger than the set maximum value after the state is recovered to be stable along with the sharp reduction, and the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is judged to have a low-pressure overhigh fault; and if the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is smaller than the set maximum value after the sudden decrease state is recovered to be stable, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is normal, and ending the detection process.
If the first flow path hydrogen pressure P is less than the set maximum value P H The controller continuously judges whether the hydrogen pressure P of the first flow path is less than the set minimum value P L If the first flow path hydrogen pressure is greater than or equal to the set minimum value P L Judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is normal, and ending the detection flow; if the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the first flow path is less than the set minimum value P L The controller judges that the pressure value is suspected to have the abnormality of low pressure of hydrogen, continuously judges whether the power change rate eta of the fuel cell is increased sharply, and if the power change rate of the fuel cell is not increased sharply, judges that the first flow path has the fault of low pressure and low pressure; if the power change rate of the fuel cell is sharply increased, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path has a low-pressure and low-pressure fault when the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is smaller than a set minimum value after the sharply increased state is recovered to be stable; and if the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is greater than or equal to the set minimum value after the sudden decrease state is recovered to be stable, judging that the hydrogen pressure of the first flow path is normal, and ending the detection flow.
Fuel cell hydrogen system embodiment:
as shown in fig. 9, the fuel cell hydrogen system includes a hydrogen gas cylinder 1, a pressure reducing valve 2, a pressure sensor 3, a controller 4 and a fuel cell 5, a hydrogen gas flow path where an outlet of the pressure reducing valve is connected to the fuel cell is a first flow path 6, a hydrogen gas flow path where the hydrogen gas cylinder is connected to an inlet of the pressure reducing valve is a second flow path 7, a vehicle control unit 8, the pressure sensor is used for detecting hydrogen gas pressures of the first flow path 6 and the second flow path 7, and the controller is connected to the pressure sensor and the fuel cell and is used for performing fault detection by combining the first flow path pressure, an operating-non-operating state of the fuel cell and a power conversion rate of the fuel cell, wherein the fault detection includes detection of an excessive high first flow path pressure and detection of an insufficient first flow path low pressure, and defines an operating state of the fuel cell as S =1 and a non-operating state as S =0. The failure detection for the fuel cell may be performed using the method of any one of the fuel cell hydrogen system failure detection method embodiments one to seven.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and not intended to limit the present application, the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims, and all changes in equivalent structure made by using the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present application should be considered as being included in the scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A fuel cell automobile hydrogen system comprises a pressure reducing valve, a fuel cell, a pressure sensor and a controller, wherein a flow path between the pressure reducing valve and the fuel cell is a first flow path; the controller is connected with the pressure sensor and used for carrying out fault detection by combining the pressure of the first flow path and the state of the fuel cell, wherein the state of the fuel cell comprises an operating state and a non-operating state, and the fault detection comprises first flow path low pressure over-high fault detection and/or first flow path low pressure over-low fault detection;
the first flow path low-voltage and over-high fault detection: when the pressure value of the first flow path is larger than the set maximum value and smaller than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen system is in a non-working state, the first flow path is judged to have no low-pressure and over-high fault;
the first flow path low voltage low fault detection: when the pressure value of the first flow path is smaller than a set minimum value and is larger than or equal to the set minimum value after self-checking set time, judging that the first flow path has no low-pressure and low-pressure fault;
the fuel cell states further comprise a fuel cell power change rate state, and in the first flow path low-pressure and high-pressure fault detection, when the pressure value of the first flow path is larger than a set maximum value, the hydrogen system is in a working state, and the fuel cell power change rate is not reduced or the fuel cell power change rate is recovered to be stable along with the reduction state, the pressure of the first flow path is still larger than the set maximum value, the first flow path is judged to have the low-pressure and high-pressure fault;
in the first flow passage low-pressure and low-fault detection, when the first flow passage pressure value is smaller than a set minimum value, the first flow passage pressure value is still smaller than the set minimum value after self-checking set time, and the power change rate of the fuel cell is not accompanied by sharp increase or the first flow passage pressure value is still smaller than the set minimum value after the sharp increase returns to be stable, the first flow passage is judged to have low-pressure and low-fault.
2. The fuel cell vehicle hydrogen system according to claim 1, wherein the self-test set time in the first flow path low voltage low fault detection is not less than the fuel cell start-up time.
3. The fuel cell automotive hydrogen system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fault detection further comprises a pressure reducing valve fault detection: when the first flow passage pressure value is greater than the relief valve lock-up pressure, it is determined that the relief valve has a failure.
4. The fuel cell vehicle hydrogen system according to claim 1, wherein in the first flow path low pressure over-high fault detection, after the pressure value in the first flow path is greater than the set maximum value, the detection of the hydrogen system being in an operating state and the fuel cell power change rate is performed.
5. The fuel cell vehicle hydrogen system according to claim 1, wherein in the first flow path low-voltage underfault detection, after the pressure value in the first flow path is smaller than the set minimum value, self-test and detection of the fuel cell power change rate are performed.
6. A method for detecting faults of a hydrogen system of a fuel cell automobile sets a flow path between a pressure reducing valve and a fuel cell as a first flow path, and sets the states of the fuel cell to comprise a working state and a non-working state, wherein the fault detection method comprises the steps of detecting a first flow path low pressure over-high fault and/or detecting a first flow path low pressure over-low fault;
characterized in that the first flow path low-voltage over-high fault detection: when the pressure value of the first flow path is larger than the set maximum value and smaller than the locking pressure of the pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen system is in a non-working state, the first flow path is judged to have no low-pressure and over-high fault;
the first flow path low voltage too low fault detection: when the pressure value of the first flow path is smaller than a set minimum value and is larger than or equal to the set minimum value after self-checking set time, judging that the first flow path has no low-pressure and low-pressure fault;
the fuel cell states further comprise a fuel cell power change rate state, and in the first flow path low-pressure and high-pressure fault detection, when the pressure value of the first flow path is larger than a set maximum value, the hydrogen system is in a working state, and the fuel cell power change rate is not reduced or the fuel cell power change rate is recovered to be stable along with the reduction state, the pressure of the first flow path is still larger than the set maximum value, the first flow path is judged to have the low-pressure and high-pressure fault;
in the first flow passage low-pressure and low-fault detection, when the first flow passage pressure value is smaller than a set minimum value, the first flow passage pressure value is still smaller than the set minimum value after self-checking set time, and the power change rate of the fuel cell is not accompanied by sharp increase or the first flow passage pressure value is still smaller than the set minimum value after the sharp increase returns to be stable, the first flow passage is judged to have low-pressure and low-fault.
7. The fuel cell vehicle hydrogen system failure detection method according to claim 6, wherein the self-test set time in the first flow path low voltage low fault detection is not less than the fuel cell start-up time.
8. The fuel cell vehicle hydrogen system failure detection method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the failure detection further comprises a pressure reducing valve failure detection: when the first flow passage pressure value is greater than the relief valve lock-up pressure, it is determined that the relief valve has a failure.
9. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein during the fault detection of the hydrogen system in the fuel cell vehicle, the detection of the hydrogen system in the operating state and the power change rate of the fuel cell is performed after the pressure value in the first flow path is greater than the set maximum value.
10. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein during the fault detection of the low pressure in the first flow path, after the pressure value in the first flow path is less than the set minimum value, the self-test and the detection of the power change rate of the fuel cell are performed.
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