CN113385823B - Continuous laser texturing method for variable-diameter workpiece - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser texturing, and aims to provide a continuous laser texturing method for a variable-diameter workpiece, aiming at the technical problem of low processing efficiency in the prior art, and the method comprises the following steps: establishing a base coordinate system and a moving coordinate system on the central horizontal plane of the variable-diameter workpiece; obtaining base coordinates and tangential angles of the starting point and the end point of each spiral line according to the bus linear density and a bus equation; obtaining the dynamic coordinates and the rotating speed corresponding to the starting point and the end point of each spiral line according to the included angle between the central line of the focusing light beam and the bus of the workpiece, the circumferential linear density, the micro-pit moving speed, the base coordinate and the tangential angle, and obtaining the number of micro-pits contained in each spiral line; and texturing the variable-diameter workpiece in sequence according to the sequence of the spiral lines and a texturing method. Compared with the traditional variable-diameter workpiece stepping laser texturing method, the method has higher processing efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser texturing, and particularly relates to a continuous laser texturing method for a variable-diameter workpiece, which is suitable for the fields of cold roll laser texturing, steel pipe inner wall laser texturing and the like.
Background
The laser texturing technology is a technology for forming a special appearance by generating a large number of micro pits through the action of pulse laser on the surface of a polished workpiece. The laser texturing technique is used for surface treatment of cold rolling roller to produce high quality textured steel plate.
In a general texturing method, such as a roller surface laser texturing method (200910115940.4), the rotation speed of a workpiece and the moving speed of a focusing head are kept unchanged during texturing, and the diameter of the workpiece is required to be changed little for consistency of texturing, namely, the shape, the moving speed and the surface density (the number of micro pits per unit area) and the linear density (the number of micro pits per unit length) of textured micro pits are basically consistent.
Along with the expansion of the application field of the laser texturing technology, the texturing of variable-diameter workpieces such as a convexity roller, an S-shaped roller, a threaded roller, the inner wall of a steel pipe and the like is required. The patent 'a variable diameter workpiece stepping laser texturing method' (201911300424.9) can produce consistent pit shape, movement speed, surface density and linear density for a variable diameter workpiece, thereby ensuring the consistency of laser texturing; variable dimple shape, motion rate, areal density and linear density can also be produced to obtain varying laser texturing topography to accommodate diverse requirements.
The defect of the patent 'a variable-diameter workpiece stepping laser texturing method' is that the processing efficiency is low. The reason is that: the step texturing decomposes a texturing process into texturing of densely arranged concentric circles, the track line of the micro-pits is the densely arranged concentric circles, and the texturing process comprises a large amount of step time for adjusting the rotating speed of the workpiece, the position and the direction of the focusing head and the like. Therefore, how to develop a continuous laser texturing method for a variable-diameter workpiece has important significance in improving the processing efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem of low processing efficiency in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a continuous laser texturing method for a variable-diameter workpiece.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a continuous laser texturing method for a variable-diameter workpiece specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Establishing a base coordinate system and a moving coordinate system on the central horizontal plane of the variable-diameter workpiece;
(2) Obtaining base coordinates and tangential angles of the starting point and the end point of each spiral line according to the linear density in the bus direction and a bus equation;
(3) Obtaining the dynamic coordinates and the rotating speed corresponding to the starting point and the end point of each spiral line according to the included angle between the central line of the focusing light beam and the bus of the workpiece, the linear density in the circumferential direction, the micro-pit moving speed, the base coordinate and the tangential angle, and obtaining the number of micro-pits contained in each spiral line;
(4) And texturing the diameter-variable workpiece in sequence according to the sequence and texturing tracks of all the spiral lines.
Furthermore, the starting point of the texturing spiral line is P, the basic coordinates of the starting point of the texturing spiral line are (z, x), the tangential angle of the starting point of the texturing spiral line is W, the starting point of texturing is Ps, the finishing point of texturing is Pe, the fulcrum of the rotating shaft W ' is P ', the rotating angle is W ', the dynamic coordinates of the rotating shaft are (z ', x ', W '), and the included angle between the central line of the focusing light beam and the generatrix of the workpiece is 90-W + W '.
The generatrix equation of the variable-diameter workpiece is F (z, x) =0, wherein (z, x) is a base coordinate, z is a coordinate of the generatrix of the variable-diameter workpiece in the axial direction of the base coordinate system, and x is a coordinate of the generatrix of the variable-diameter workpiece in the diameter direction of the base coordinate system; the tangential angle is the included angle between the tangent line of a certain point of the generatrix and the axial direction.
The diameter D corresponding to the starting point P of the texturing spiral line is 2x, the corresponding rotating speed n is 60 v/(D pi) when the motion speed of the micro-pits is v, and the number m of the texturing micro-pits contained in the corresponding spiral line is D pi × Qy when the circumferential linear density of the micro-pits is Qy; when the linear density of the micro-pit bus is Qm, the axial distance j between the corresponding spiral line and the starting point of the next spiral line is cos (w')/Qm.
Furthermore, the spiral line is a long spiral line formed by a plurality of short spiral lines corresponding to a circle.
Furthermore, the starting point and the end point of each spiral line are respectively a texturing starting point Ps and a texturing end point Pe, a plurality of straight line segments slightly inclined with the Z axis are projections of a plurality of short spiral line tracks generated by continuous laser texturing of the variable-diameter workpiece on the central horizontal plane of the variable-diameter workpiece from the texturing starting point Ps to the texturing end point Pe, and the plurality of short spiral line tracks form a long spiral line track.
Further, the base coordinate system in the step (1) is a two-dimensional rectangular coordinate system established on the central horizontal plane of the variable-diameter workpiece; the movable coordinate system is provided with three moving shafts, the three moving shafts comprise a rotating shaft and two moving shafts consisting of a moving shaft a and a moving shaft b, the moving shaft a and the moving shaft b in the three moving shafts respectively move along the axial direction and the radial direction of the variable-diameter workpiece, the axis of the rotating shaft and the central horizontal plane of the variable-diameter workpiece are perpendicularly intersected at a fulcrum, the main shaft rotates around the fulcrum, and the position of a focus and the angle of a central line of a focused beam relative to a generatrix of the variable-diameter workpiece are adjusted through linkage of the three moving shafts.
Further, the step (2) obtains a base coordinate and a tangential angle of the starting point of the first spiral line according to the starting point of texturing and a bus equation, and then calculates a base coordinate and a tangential angle of the starting point of the next spiral line according to the linear density in the tangential direction of the bus, wherein the starting point of texturing is the starting point of the first spiral line, the end point of the previous spiral line is the starting point of the next spiral line, and the base coordinate and the tangential angle of the starting point and the end point of each spiral line are sequentially obtained.
Further, the step (3) obtains the dynamic coordinates corresponding to the starting point and the end point of each spiral line according to the included angle, the basic coordinate and the tangential angle between the central line of the focusing beam and the workpiece bus; obtaining the rotating speed corresponding to the starting point and the end point of each spiral line according to the base coordinate and the micro-pit movement rate; and obtaining the number of the micro pits contained in each spiral line according to the base coordinate and the line density in the circumferential direction.
Further, the texturing method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, three motion axes consisting of a movable axis a, a movable axis b and a rotating axis move to the motion coordinate of the starting point of a first spiral line, and a main shaft rotates according to the rotating speed of the starting point of the first spiral line;
secondly, the main shaft (namely the Z axis) rotates for a circle, and the laser uniformly emits pulse laser according to the number of micro pits contained in the first spiral line by taking the rotating angle of the main shaft as a reference; the dynamic coordinate and the rotating speed of the starting point of the first spiral line are linearly adjusted to the dynamic coordinate and the rotating speed of the end point of the first spiral line through the synchronous control of the pulse laser;
synchronously controlling the change of the rotating speed and the moving coordinate by adopting an interpolation method;
then, texturing a second spiral line according to a texturing method of the first spiral line;
and repeating the steps until all the spiral lines are roughened, and stopping the rotation of the main shaft.
Further, the method for synchronously controlling the rotation speed and the change of the dynamic coordinate by adopting the interpolation method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the steps that an encoder is adopted to detect the rotation position of a main shaft, the main shaft rotates for a circle to generate a reference signal of pulses, the main shaft rotates for a circle by a method of changing the reference signal into frequency, a laser approximately and uniformly sends m optical pulses to form m micro pits on a first spiral line, the m optical pulses approximately equally divide a circle, the change of a rotating speed n, a moving coordinate z 'and a moving coordinate x' is synchronously controlled through the optical pulses, and the increasing formula of the rotating speed n of each optical pulse is (the rotating speed n of the next spiral line-the rotating speed n of the previous spiral line)/the number m of the micro pits; the increasing formula of each light pulse coordinate z ' is (next spiral z ' -previous spiral z ')/micro pit number m; the increase in the coordinate x ' of each light pulse is given by the formula (next spiral x ' -previous spiral x ')/the number of micro-pits m.
Furthermore, the linear density in the bus direction, the included angle between the central line of the focusing beam and the bus of the workpiece, the linear density in the circumferential direction and the micro-pit movement rate are all the technological parameters of laser texturing, and any one of the technological parameters is set to be equal or unequal, so that various laser texturing effects can be obtained, and different requirements can be met.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in a general texturing method, the trace line of the micro pit is a spiral line, so that the processing efficiency is higher. If the change of the diameter of the workpiece is slow, the distance between the stepping laser texturing densely-arranged concentric circles of the workpiece with the variable diameter is small, so that the change of the rotating speed of the workpiece, the position and the direction of the focusing head and the like corresponding to the adjacent concentric circles is slow. If the rotation speed of the workpiece and the position and direction change of the focusing head are synchronously controlled by adopting a linear interpolation method during texturing, the closely-arranged concentric circles are connected into a long spiral line consisting of a plurality of short spiral lines (each short spiral line corresponds to a circumference), and the stepping laser texturing process is changed into a continuous laser texturing process. The texturing process saves the stepping time, so the processing efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for continuous laser texturing of a variable diameter workpiece according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a method for continuous laser texturing of a variable diameter workpiece according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a synchronous control chart of a continuous laser texturing method for a variable-diameter workpiece according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a continuous laser texturing method for a variable-diameter workpiece, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
And 2, obtaining base coordinates and tangential angles of the starting point and the end point of each spiral line according to the generatrix density and the generatrix equation.
And 3, obtaining the dynamic coordinates and the rotating speed corresponding to the starting point and the end point of each spiral line according to the included angle between the central line of the focusing light beam and the bus of the workpiece, the circumferential linear density, the micro-pit movement rate, the base coordinate and the tangential angle, and obtaining the number of the micro-pits contained in each spiral line.
And 4, texturing the variable-diameter workpiece in sequence according to the sequence of each spiral line and a texturing method.
The embodiment of the application assumes that the included angle between the central line of the focusing beam and the generatrix of the workpiece is 90 degrees. FIG. 2 is a graph of a continuous laser texturing method for a variable-diameter workpiece according to an embodiment of the present application. In the figure, F (z, x) =0 is the generatrix equation of the variable-diameter workpiece, P is the starting point of the texturing spiral line, the base coordinates are (z, x), and the tangential angle of the point P is w. Ps is the starting point of the texturing, and Pe is the end point of the texturing. P ' is a main shaft fulcrum, and the dynamic coordinate of the main shaft fulcrum is (z ', x ', w ') (wherein w ' is a rotation angle). The length of the rotating arm L (fixed) is the distance between the point P' and the point P.
The P points correspond to the P 'points one by one, and the relationship w = w', x '= x + L × cos (w'), and z '= z-L × sin (w'). The diameter D corresponding to the P point is 2x, the corresponding rotating speed n is 60 v/(D pi) when the motion speed of the micro-pits is v, the number m of the textured micro-pits contained in the corresponding spiral line is D pi Qy when the circumferential linear density of the micro-pits is Qy, and the axial distance j between the corresponding spiral line and the starting point of the next spiral line is cos (w')/Qm when the linear density of the micro-pit bus line is Qm.
Specifically, the generatrix of the texturing roller surface is 1 line segment, the tangential angle is 36.87 degrees, the Ps-based coordinate is (100mm, 50mm), the Pe-based coordinate is (104mm, 53mm), and the L is 100mm. The corresponding motion coordinate of Ps is (40mm, 130mm and 36.87 degrees), the corresponding diameter of the Ps is 100mm, the motion speed of the micro-pit is 2000mm/s, and the corresponding rotating speed of the obtained Ps is 382.0rpm. Assuming that the circumferential linear density of the micro pits is 2/mm, the number of micro pits contained in the corresponding spiral line is 1257. Assuming that the density of the generatrix is 2/mm, the axial distance j between the corresponding helix and the starting point of the next helix is 0.4mm, and the coordinates of the starting point of the next helix are (100.4 mm,50.3 mm).
The above calculation is repeated to obtain the dynamic coordinates and the rotating speed corresponding to the starting point and the end point of each spiral line, and the number of micro pits contained in each spiral line is obtained, and the calculation result is shown in the following table (table 1).
TABLE 1
In fig. 2, from Ps to Pe,11 straight-line segments perpendicular to the Z axis are projections of 10 closely-spaced concentric circular tracks generated by stepping laser texturing on a variable-diameter workpiece on a central horizontal plane of the variable-diameter workpiece; the 10 straight line segments slightly deviated from the Z axis are projections of 10 short spiral line tracks generated by continuous laser texturing of the variable-diameter workpiece on the central horizontal plane of the variable-diameter workpiece, and the 10 short spiral line tracks are connected end to form a long spiral line track.
The specific texturing process is as follows:
first, the three motion axes move to the motion coordinate (40mm, 130mm,36.87 °) of the starting point Ps of the first spiral line, and the main shaft rotates at the rotating speed 382.0rpm of the starting point of the first spiral line.
Secondly, the main shaft rotates for a circle, the laser uniformly emits pulse laser according to 1257 micro pits contained in the first spiral line by taking the rotating angle as a reference; synchronously, the rotating speed of the main shaft is linearly adjusted from the moving coordinate (40mm, 130mm and 36.87 degrees) of the starting point of the first spiral line and the rotating speed 382.0rpm to the moving coordinate (40.4 mm,130.3mm and 36.87 degrees) of the end point of the first spiral line and the rotating speed 379.7rpm which are also the moving coordinate and the rotating speed of the starting point of the second spiral line by taking the rotating angle as a reference.
Assuming that the position of the spindle rotation is detected by the encoder, the spindle rotates once, and a reference signal of 20000 pulses is generated. Because 112 + 15+1145 + 16=20000, 1257 optical pulses are emitted approximately uniformly from each 15 or 16 pulse lasers to form 1257 micro-pits in the first spiral line by a frequency division method combining 15 frequency division and 16 frequency division of the reference signal, and the main shaft rotates one circle. Since 1257 light pulses approximately equally divide a circle, the variation of n, z ', x' can be controlled by the synchronization of the light pulses, with an increase of-2.3/1257rpm for each light pulse n, an increase of 0.4/1257mm for z ', and an increase of 0.3/1257mm for x'. This embodiment w' remains unchanged.
Then, the second spiral line is textured according to the texturing method of the first spiral line. And repeating the steps until all the spiral lines are roughened, and stopping the rotation of the main shaft. The encoder pulse allocation and the calculation results of the n, z ', x' variation amounts for each spiral are shown in the following table (table 2).
TABLE 2
The synchronous control chart of the continuous laser texturing method for the variable-diameter workpiece provided by the embodiment of the application is shown in the attached figure 3, wherein the abscissa is the rotation number of the main shaft. Fig. 3 shows that the corresponding dynamic coordinate and rotation speed on the generatrix of the texturing helix changes linearly with the rotation angle of the main shaft in each rotation of the main shaft.
The above description is not meant to be limiting, it being noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, additions, and substitutions can be made without departing from the true scope of the invention, and such improvements and modifications should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A continuous laser texturing method for a variable-diameter workpiece is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Establishing a base coordinate system and a moving coordinate system on the central horizontal plane of the variable-diameter workpiece;
(2) Obtaining base coordinates and tangential angles of the starting point and the end point of each spiral line according to the linear density in the bus direction and a bus equation;
(3) Obtaining the dynamic coordinates and the rotating speed corresponding to the starting point and the end point of each spiral line according to the included angle between the central line of the focusing light beam and the bus of the workpiece, the linear density in the circumferential direction, the micro-pit moving speed, the base coordinate and the tangential angle, and obtaining the number of micro-pits contained in each spiral line;
(4) Texturing the variable-diameter workpiece in sequence according to the sequence and texturing tracks of each spiral line;
wherein,
the base coordinate system in the step (1) is a two-dimensional rectangular coordinate system established on the central horizontal plane of the variable-diameter workpiece; the movable coordinate system is provided with three motion shafts, wherein each motion shaft comprises a rotating shaft and two motion shafts consisting of a motion shaft a and a motion shaft b, the motion shafts a and the motion shafts b in the three motion shafts respectively move along the axial direction and the radial direction of the variable-diameter workpiece, the axis of the rotating shaft and the central horizontal plane of the variable-diameter workpiece are vertically intersected at a fulcrum, the rotating shaft rotates around the fulcrum, and the position of a focus and the angle of the central line of a focused beam relative to the generatrix of the variable-diameter workpiece are adjusted through linkage of the three motion shafts;
the texturing in the step (4) comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, three motion axes consisting of a movable axis a, a movable axis b and a rotating axis move to the motion coordinate of the starting point of a first spiral line, and a main shaft rotates according to the rotating speed of the starting point of the first spiral line;
secondly, the main shaft rotates for a circle, and the laser uniformly emits pulse laser according to the number of micro pits contained in the first spiral line by taking the rotating angle of the main shaft as a reference; the dynamic coordinate and the rotating speed of the starting point of the first spiral line are linearly adjusted to the dynamic coordinate and the rotating speed of the end point of the first spiral line through the synchronous control of the pulse laser;
the method adopts an interpolation method to synchronously control the change of the rotating speed and the dynamic coordinate, and comprises the following specific steps: the method comprises the steps that an encoder is adopted to detect the rotation position of a main shaft, the main shaft rotates for a circle to generate a reference signal of pulses, the main shaft rotates for a circle by a method of changing the reference signal into frequency, a laser approximately and uniformly sends m optical pulses to form m micro pits on a first spiral line, the m optical pulses approximately equally divide a circle, the change of a rotating speed n, a moving coordinate z 'and a moving coordinate x' is synchronously controlled through the optical pulses, and the increasing formula of the rotating speed n of each optical pulse is (the rotating speed n of the next spiral line-the rotating speed n of the previous spiral line)/the number m of the micro pits; the increasing formula of each optical pulse coordinate z ' is (next spiral z ' -last spiral z ')/micro-pit number m; the increasing formula of each light pulse coordinate x ' is (next spiral line x ' -previous spiral line x ')/micro pit number m;
then, texturing a second spiral line according to a texturing method of the first spiral line;
and repeating the steps until all the spiral lines are roughened, and stopping the rotation of the main shaft.
2. The continuous laser texturing method for the variable-diameter workpiece, as set forth in claim 1, is characterized in that:
the starting point and the end point of each spiral line are respectively a texturing starting point Ps and a texturing end point Pe, a plurality of straight line segments slightly inclined from a vertical line of the main shaft are projections of a plurality of short spiral line tracks generated by continuous laser texturing of the variable-diameter workpiece on a central horizontal plane of the variable-diameter workpiece, and the plurality of short spiral line tracks form a long spiral line track.
3. The continuous laser texturing method for the variable-diameter workpiece, as set forth in claim 1, is characterized in that:
and (2) obtaining a base coordinate and a tangential angle of the starting point of the first spiral line according to the starting point of texturing and a bus equation, and then calculating the base coordinate and the tangential angle of the starting point of the next spiral line according to the linear density in the tangential direction of the bus, wherein the starting point of texturing is the starting point of the first spiral line, the terminal point of the previous spiral line is the starting point of the next spiral line, and the base coordinate and the tangential angle of the starting point and the terminal point of each spiral line are sequentially obtained.
4. The continuous laser texturing method for the variable-diameter workpiece, as set forth in claim 1, is characterized in that:
the step (3) obtains the corresponding dynamic coordinates of the starting point and the end point of each spiral line according to the included angle, the base coordinate and the tangential angle of the central line of the focusing beam and the bus of the workpiece; obtaining the rotating speed corresponding to the starting point and the end point of each spiral line according to the base coordinate and the micro-pit movement rate; and obtaining the number of the micro pits contained in each spiral line according to the base coordinate and the line density in the circumferential direction.
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