CN113383749A - Method for constructing mouse tumor model by using single tumor cell - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for constructing a mouse tumor model by using a single tumor cell. Specifically, the method according to the present invention comprises the step of transplanting fibrin glue comprising a single tumor cell into a mouse; preferably, the method comprises the step of transplanting fibrin glue comprising a single tumor cell subcutaneously into a mouse.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biomedicine, and particularly relates to a method for establishing a mouse tumor model by using a single tumor cell and application of the model in researching tumor occurrence and development mechanisms and screening antitumor drugs.
Background
Malignant tumor is a disease seriously threatening human life health, so far, no effective treatment means exists, and the most main reason is that the occurrence and development mechanism of tumor is still not clearly researched. It is widely accepted in the scientific community that during the development of tumors, individual tumor initiating cells gradually divide and proliferate in a suitable in vivo microenvironment to finally form pathologically visible tumor tissues. Therefore, the occurrence, development, recurrence and metastasis of tumors are closely related to the self-renewing and regenerative tumor-producing cells in tumor tissues, which are also called tumor stem cells. Furthermore, this part of the tumorigenic cells often plays a crucial role in the process of metastasis recurrence. Therefore, the establishment of a single-cell tumor formation model is an important effective means for simulating and researching the tumorigenesis and development process. However, the current research approaches still cannot establish a biological tumor model from a single tumor cell. In the basic research of tumors, suitable animal models are the most important to research the tumorigenesis, development mechanism and tumor treatment. Therefore, the establishment of the mouse subcutaneous ectopic tumor model by single cells has important significance for researching the cytological characteristics and the development process of single tumor initiating cells and understanding the occurrence and development of tumors.
In the existing experimental research means, researchers establish stable animal tumor models through transplantation or chemical induction of multiple tumors (> 10). The establishment methods of the two tumor models cannot effectively simulate the process of the initial tumor occurrence and development of a single tumor initiating cell, and hinder the research of the occurrence and development of the tumor by scientific research personnel. The establishment of an animal tumor model with single tumor cell initiation is an urgent need for the current tumor research.
Disclosure of Invention
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method of constructing a mouse tumor model, the method comprising the steps of transplanting fibrin glue comprising a single tumor cell into a mouse; preferably, the method comprises the step of transplanting fibrin glue comprising a single tumor cell subcutaneously into a mouse.
Specifically, the invention provides a method for constructing a mouse tumor model, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing a culture medium containing tumor cells with fibrinogen, and spreading the mixture in a 96-well plate; preferably, the fibrinogen is present at a concentration of 0.1 to 10 μ g/ml, more preferably at a concentration of 4-8 μ g/ml; more preferably, the fibrinogen is human fibrinogen or salmon fibrinogen;
2) adding thrombin to the 96-well plate in step 1), and incubating at 37 ℃ for 60 minutes;
3) adding culture medium into the hole, and culturing at 37 ℃ for 6-12 hours;
4) selecting a fibrin glue comprising a single tumor cell, removing the culture medium, and
5) transplanting the fibrin glue comprising single tumor cells obtained in step 5) into a mouse, preferably into the subcutaneous tissue of the mouse.
In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention said single tumor cell is selected from the group consisting of melanoma, liver cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, myeloma, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, glioma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma, large B-cell lymphoma rich in T-cells/histiocytes, multiple myeloma, myeloid cell leukemia-1 protein, myelodysplastic syndrome, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myeloblastosis, myelodysplastic syndrome, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, lymphoblastic leukemia, and lymphoma, Lymphocytic leukemia, endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, chondrosarcoma, neuroblastoma, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, bone cancer, ewing's sarcoma, cervical cancer, brain cancer, bladder cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, cancer of the throat, cancer of the liver and gallbladder, cancer of the central nervous system, cancer of the esophagus, malignant pleural mesothelioma, systemic light chain amyloidosis, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative neoplasm, neuroendocrine tumors, merkel cell carcinoma, testicular cancer, and tumor cells of skin cancer.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing a fibrin glue comprising a single tumor cell, the method comprising the steps of:
1) mixing a culture medium containing tumor cells with fibrinogen, and spreading the mixture in a 96-well plate; preferably, the fibrinogen is present at a concentration of 0.1 to 10 μ g/ml, more preferably at a concentration of 4-8 μ g/ml; more preferably, the fibrinogen is human fibrinogen or salmon fibrinogen;
2) adding thrombin to the 96-well plate in step 1), and incubating at 37 ℃ for 60 minutes;
3) adding culture medium into the hole, and culturing at 37 ℃ for 6-12 hours; and
4) selecting the fibrin glue containing single tumor cells, and removing the culture medium to obtain the fibrin glue containing single tumor cells.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a fibrin glue comprising a single tumor cell obtained according to the method of the invention.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides the use of a fibrin glue comprising a single tumor cell obtained according to the method of the invention in the construction of a mouse tumor model.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides the use of a mouse tumor model constructed according to the method of the present invention in screening for anti-tumor drugs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a tumor map of single B16 tumor cells implanted subcutaneously in 3D fibrin glue and collagen hydrogel in wild-type C57 mice; wherein the number of neoplasias on day 30 in the 3D fibrin glue group was 9 out of 10 mice; the number of tumors in the collagen hydrogel group at day 30 was 0 out of 10 mice.
FIG. 2 shows a tumor formation map of single MP-1 tumor cells transplanted subcutaneously into NSG mice in 3D fibrin glue and collagen hydrogel; wherein the number of neoplasias on day 30 in the 3D fibrin glue group was 7 out of 10 mice; the number of tumors in the collagen hydrogel group at day 30 was 0 out of 10 mice.
FIG. 3 shows a tumor formation map of single H22 tumor cells implanted subcutaneously in 3D fibrin glue and collagen hydrogel in BABL/c mice; wherein the number of neoplasias on day 30 in the 3D fibrin glue group was 9 mice out of 16 mice; the number of tumors in the collagen hydrogel group at day 30 was 0 out of 16 mice.
Detailed Description
The invention is described below by way of specific embodiments, it being understood that they have been presented solely for the purpose of better understanding the invention, and not for the purpose of limitation. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that any variations, alterations or substitutions of the steps of the present invention which achieve the described functionality of the invention may fall within the scope of the invention.
It is well known in the art that fibrin glue is a degradation product prepared by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen. Briefly, fibrinogen is composed of three different pairs of polypeptide chains, α, β, and γ. Fibrinogen forms fibrin monomer under the action of thrombin, and is covalently combined with each other to form fibrin polymer, and alpha chains of the fibrin polymer are staggered, overlapped and covalently cross-linked to form stable transparent amorphous fiber-shaped elastic colloidal degradation product, namely fibrin glue. As used herein, the term "fibrin glue" refers to a fibrin glue formed by the thrombin's degradation of fibrinogen, which also contains a single tumor cell; preferably, the tumor cells are primary and/or secondary cultured tumor cells; preferably, the tumor cell is selected from the group consisting of melanoma, liver cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, myeloma, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, glioma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma, large B-cell lymphoma rich in T-cells/histiocytes, multiple myeloma, myeloid leukemia-1 protein, myelodysplastic syndrome, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphocytic leukemia, endometrial cancer, colon cancer, and colon cancer, and colon cancer, and colon cancer, and colon cancer, Prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, chondrosarcoma, neuroblastoma, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, bone cancer, ewing's sarcoma, cervical cancer, brain cancer, bladder cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, throat cancer, hepatobiliary cancer, central nervous system cancer, esophageal cancer, malignant pleural mesothelioma, systemic light chain amyloidosis, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, merkel cell carcinoma, testicular cancer, and skin cancer.
As used herein, the term "collagen hydrogel" is a hydrogel comprising collagen and a single tumor cell.
The present invention provides a method for constructing a mouse tumor model using fibrin glue containing a single tumor cell, the method comprising the steps of transplanting fibrin glue containing a single tumor cell into a mouse; preferably, the method comprises the step of transplanting fibrin glue comprising a single tumor cell subcutaneously into a mouse.
Specifically, the present invention provides a method for constructing a mouse tumor model using fibrin glue comprising a single tumor cell, the method comprising the steps of:
1) mixing a culture medium containing tumor cells with fibrinogen, and spreading the mixture in a 96-well plate;
2) adding thrombin to the 96-well plate in step 1), and incubating at 37 ℃ for 60 minutes;
3) adding culture medium into the hole, and culturing at 37 ℃ for 6-12 hours;
4) selecting a fibrin glue comprising a single tumor cell, removing the culture medium, and
5) transplanting the fibrin glue comprising single tumor cells obtained in step 5) into a mouse, preferably into the subcutaneous tissue of the mouse.
The method for constructing a mouse tumor model using fibrin glue containing single tumor cells provided by the present invention is applicable to a variety of tumors including but not limited to melanoma, liver cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, myeloma, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, glioma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma, large B-cell lymphoma rich in T-cells/histiocytes, multiple myeloma, myeloid cell leukemia-1 protein, myelodysplastic syndrome, Gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphocytic leukemia, endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, chondrosarcoma, neuroblastoma, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, bone cancer, ewing's sarcoma, cervical cancer, brain cancer, bladder cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, throat cancer, liver and gall bladder cancer, central nervous system cancer, esophageal cancer, malignant pleural mesothelioma, systemic light chain amyloidosis, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, merkel cell carcinoma, testicular cancer, and skin cancer.
The mouse tumor model constructed by the method can stably form subcutaneous tumors within 15 to 60 days, and provides an important tool for exploring a tumor formation and generation and development mechanism and screening antitumor drugs.
In the present invention, the inventors used collagen hydrogels commonly used in the art as controls to further confirm the significant effect of our fibrin glue system.
In a preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention for constructing a mouse tumor model, the fibrin glue comprising a single tumor cell is formed by mixing fibrinogen, a single tumor cell and thrombin, preferably the fibrinogen is animal-derived fibrinogen, preferably, fibrinogen derived from salmon or human. In a preferred embodiment of the method for constructing a mouse tumor model of the present invention, 50. mu.l of fibrin glue formed from a mixture comprising fibrinogen, single tumor cells and thrombin is transplanted subcutaneously into a mouse.
In a preferred embodiment of the method for constructing a mouse tumor model of the present invention, the final concentration of fibrinogen in the mixture comprising fibrinogen, single tumor cell and thrombin is 0.1-10. mu.g/ml, preferably 4-8. mu.g/ml.
The mouse tumor model constructed by the method can be used for the research of a tumor occurrence development mechanism, the drug effect evaluation of an anti-tumor drug, the pharmacological safety evaluation of the anti-tumor drug and the application of clinical tumor evaluation.
The following examples are for the purpose of illustrating the practice of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Examples
Example 1 tumor cell culture
B16 cells (a melanoma cell line), MP-1 cells (a patient tissue-derived melanoma cell line) and H22 cells (a liver tumor cell line) were obtained from the cell resource center of Beijing Council medical college and were cultured at 37 ℃ in a suitable medium in 10cm cell culture dishes.
Cells were trypsinized at room temperature for 2 minutes, and after digestion in culture, centrifuged at 600rpm for five minutes. After centrifugation, the cells were resuspended in 1640 medium, the cells were counted by a cell counter, and the cell suspension was further diluted to a concentration of 5 cells/. mu.l medium depending on the cell concentration.
Example 2 preparation of fibrin glue containing Individual tumor cells
In a 3D fibrin glue reaction system (taking a suspension volume of 250. mu.l as an example) comprising:
fibrinogen 50. mu.l
Tumor cell-containing medium 200. mu.l (containing 5 cells)
Thrombin (catalytic) 1. mu.l (spotted in 96-well plates).
Specifically, 50. mu.l of human fibrinogen (40. mu.g/ml, Reagent Proteins Co., U.S.) or salmon fibrinogen (20. mu.g/ml, U.S.) and 200. mu.l of a tumor cell-containing medium were thoroughly mixed for use; mu.l of thrombin (Reagent Proteins, SEA-135, 100U/ml, USA) was added to the center of a sterile 96-well plate, and 50. mu.l of the fibrinogen and the tumor cell-containing medium were aspirated and added to the sterile 96-well plate and mixed well. The 96-well plate was cultured in a cell culture chamber at 37 ℃ for 60 minutes, and then 200. mu.l of 1640 medium was added to each well in sequence, followed by culturing for another 6 hours. Then, the wells containing single tumor cells are screened out by observing under a microscope and marked for later use.
3D fibrin glue containing three cells, B16 cells, MP-1 cells and H22 cells, was prepared according to this method.
Example 3 preparation of collagen hydrogel containing Individual tumor cells
The 3D collagen hydrogel reaction system (taking the suspension volume of 1000. mu.l as an example) comprises:
specifically, phosphate buffer, collagen and sodium hydroxide are sequentially added into a culture medium containing tumor cells, and after the mixture is fully mixed, 50 mul of the mixture is sucked and evenly spread in a 96-well plate. The 96-well plate was cultured in a cell culture chamber at 37 ℃ for 60 minutes, and then 200. mu.l of 1640 medium was added to each well in sequence, followed by culturing for another 6 hours. Then, the wells containing single tumor cells are screened out by observing under a microscope and marked for later use.
A3D collagen hydrogel containing three cells of B16 cells, MP-1 cells, and H22 cells was prepared according to this method.
Example 4 subcutaneous transplantation of tumor cells into mice
1) Surgical instrument disinfection
The surgical instruments required by the high-temperature high-pressure disinfection operation comprise hemostatic forceps, a needle holder, scissors, tweezers and gauze.
2) Anaesthesia
Wild type C57 mice, BABL/C mice and NSG mice were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (concentration of 1%) and injected intraperitoneally with 125 microliters. After the mouse enters an anesthesia state, the subcutaneous hair of the mouse is cleaned, and the infection of an operation wound is avoided.
3) Skin preparation
An incision 1 cm in length was carefully made on the skin surface of the mouse using hemostats and scissors, taking care of sterility and the status of the mouse during the procedure.
4) Processing 3D glues
The culture medium of the 3D gel in the 96-well plate is firstly sucked out, and the residual culture medium and impurities in the well are washed by physiological saline in sequence. The 3D fibrin glue and collagen hydrogel coated with single B16 tumor cells, single MP-1 tumor cells and single H22 tumor cells in 96 wells are transplanted into skin incisions of wild type C57 mice, NSG mice and BABL/C mice respectively by taking care in sequence to ensure that the cells are completely put into the skin. Then the wound of the mouse is quickly sutured, the skin of the mouse is sutured by adopting an absorbable sterile suture line and a No. 5 suture needle, and the mouse is sequentially placed back into a clean sterile cage after the suturing is finished.
The 3D fibrin glue group of single tumor cells and the collagen hydrogel group of mice were observed for subcutaneous tumor growth (see fig. 1 to 3).
The results fully prove that the method for constructing the mouse subcutaneous ectopic tumor model by using the single tumor cell is suitable for various tumor cells, can stably form subcutaneous tumors, provides an important tool for researching the formation and development mechanism of the tumors, and has great application prospect.
Claims (10)
1. A method of constructing a mouse tumor model, the method comprising the step of transplanting fibrin glue comprising a single tumor cell subcutaneously into a mouse.
2. The method of constructing a mouse tumor model of claim 1, wherein the fibrin glue comprising a single tumor cell is obtained by:
1) mixing a culture medium containing tumor cells with fibrinogen, and spreading the mixture in a 96-well plate;
2) adding thrombin to the 96-well plate in step 1), and incubating at 37 ℃ for 60 minutes;
3) adding a culture medium into a 96-well plate, and culturing at 37 ℃ for 6-12 hours; and
4) fibrin glue containing single tumor cells was selected and the medium was removed.
3. The method of constructing a mouse tumor model according to claim 2, wherein the fibrinogen in step 1) is human fibrinogen or salmon fibrinogen; and the concentration of fibrinogen is 0.1 to 10 μ g/ml.
4. The method of constructing a mouse tumor model according to claim 3, wherein the fibrinogen concentration in step 1) is 4 to 8 μ g/ml.
5. The method of constructing a mouse tumor model according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the single tumor cell is selected from the group consisting of melanoma, liver cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, myeloma, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, glioma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma, large B-cell lymphoma rich in T-cells/histiocytes, multiple myeloma, myeloid cell leukemia-1 protein, myelodysplastic syndrome, Tumor cells of stomach cancer, ovarian cancer, lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphocytic leukemia, endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, chondrosarcoma, neuroblastoma, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, bone cancer, ewing's sarcoma, cervical cancer, brain cancer, bladder cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, throat cancer, liver and gall cancer, central nervous system cancer, esophageal cancer, malignant pleural mesothelioma, systemic light chain amyloidosis, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, merkel cell carcinoma, testicular cancer, and skin cancer.
6. Use of the mouse tumor model obtained according to the method of claim 5 in screening for anti-tumor drugs.
7. A method of preparing a fibrin glue comprising a single tumor cell, the method comprising the steps of:
1) mixing a culture medium containing tumor cells with fibrinogen, and spreading the mixture in a 96-well plate;
2) adding thrombin to the 96-well plate in step 1), and incubating at 37 ℃ for 60 minutes;
3) adding a culture medium into a 96-well plate, and culturing at 37 ℃ for 6-12 hours; and
4) fibrin glue containing single tumor cells was selected and the medium was removed.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the fibrinogen in step 1) is human fibrinogen or salmon fibrinogen; and the concentration of fibrinogen is 0.1 to 10 μ g/ml.
9. A fibrin glue comprising a single tumor cell obtained by the method of claim 7 or 8.
10. Use of a fibrin glue comprising a single tumor cell according to claim 9 in the construction of a mouse tumor model.
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