CN113376035B - Device and method for testing energy release of active material under different atmospheres - Google Patents

Device and method for testing energy release of active material under different atmospheres Download PDF

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CN113376035B
CN113376035B CN202110681669.1A CN202110681669A CN113376035B CN 113376035 B CN113376035 B CN 113376035B CN 202110681669 A CN202110681669 A CN 202110681669A CN 113376035 B CN113376035 B CN 113376035B
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tank body
wall surface
main tank
active material
hole
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CN113376035A (en
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郭宝月
陈荣
李志斌
任柯融
林玉亮
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National University of Defense Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
    • G01N3/307—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by a compressed or tensile-stressed spring; generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0044—Pneumatic means

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Abstract

The invention discloses an active material energy release testing device and method under different atmospheres, and aims to solve the problem that the existing active material energy release condition is not accurately tested. The testing device consists of a main tank body, 2 supporting wall surfaces, 2 supporting bases, an observation window and a fixing screw rod; the main tank body is clamped between 2 supporting wall surfaces; the observation window is arranged on the front surface of the main tank body, the fixing screw penetrates through the 2 supporting wall surfaces and the right supporting wall surface, the main tank body and the 2 supporting wall surfaces, and the observation window constructs a closed space; the testing method is characterized in that a test sample made of an active material, a pressure sensor, a camera and a Hopkinson pressure bar are installed on a testing device in a matching mode, the energy release condition of the active material is tested, and the change rule of pressure and strain is obtained; and drawing a curve with the input impulse as an independent variable and the impact energy release or reaction degree as a dependent variable, and obtaining the impact energy release condition of the active material according to the slope and intercept of the curve. The invention can accurately measure the energy release condition of the active material.

Description

Device and method for testing energy release of active material under different atmospheres
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a testing device, and particularly relates to a testing device for testing energy release conditions of active materials under different atmospheres by applying different loads through a Hopkinson pressure bar.
Background
The active material is a special energetic material, is inert at normal temperature and normal pressure, has certain structural strength, and can be made into members such as fragments and the like; under strong impact, it can take place violent reaction, release a large amount of chemical energy, and release energy under different conditions of oxygen deficiency and oxygen enrichment. The active material can be made into fragments of missiles or explosive protective materials, and has important application in military affairs and engineering. The greatest advantage of active materials over inert materials is the energy release on impact. Therefore, the reaction threshold and the energy release strength of the active material under different loading and different atmospheres are measured, and the method has important value on the evaluation and application of the active material.
For the impact energy release behavior of active materials, the experimental test methods widely used at present mainly include two types: reverse ballistic test methods and direct ballistic test methods. The reverse ballistic experiment method drives the flyer to impact the active material in the modes of explosion driving, gas gun loading and the like, measures signals of the active material such as pressure, speed and the like in the modes of a manganin pressure gauge, a speed interferometer and the like, and calculates the energy release condition of the active material. However, because the reaction speed of the active material is relatively slow, the complete reaction requires tens of microseconds or even milliseconds, and unless the active material is loaded at a very high speed, the reaction condition of the active material cannot be completely measured by an instrument; and the target chamber is often in a vacuum state, and the gas environment cannot be changed. The direct ballistic experiment method makes the active material into a cylindrical bullet, and accelerates the active bullet by using a ballistic gun. The target is an open tank body, and the open is sealed by an iron sheet. The active material breaks through the iron sheet after hitting the target and enters the sealed tank body. The projectile impacts the bottom of the tank, reacts to release heat, and heats the air in the tank to increase the pressure in the tank. The quasi-static pressure value of the gas in the tank body is measured, and the strength of the energy release of the active material can be evaluated. The method overcomes the defect of limited recording time of a reverse ballistic experiment, but when the strength of the active material is low, the projectile can be cracked in the process of penetrating through an iron sheet, so that a large amount of kinetic energy is lost, and reaction can be carried out in advance, so that the test is inaccurate; in addition, the ballistic gun is generally driven by gunpowder, needs professional to operate, and the experiment is relatively difficult to develop, and speed controllability is relatively poor.
The split Hopkinson pressure bar experiment technology can realize high strain rate loading on materials, and information such as incident stress, incident energy and the like can be conveniently calculated by recording strain signals in the strain gauge adhered to the bar. In addition, by adjusting the air pressure in the split hopkinson pressure bar air chamber, the incident pulse and the like can be adjusted. Many studies at home and abroad prove that the Al/PTFE-based active material can be ignited or even completely reacted under high strain rate. Therefore, if the testing device of the direct ballistic test method is transferred to the split Hopkinson pressure bar, the impact of the pressure bar is utilized to enable the active material to react, so that the problem of energy loss of the projectile penetrating through the iron sheet can be avoided, the test can be more controllable, and the implementation is more convenient. However, at present, there is no published report on a technical scheme for testing the impact energy release behavior of the active material by transferring a testing device of a direct ballistic testing method to a split hopkinson pressure lever.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the direct ballistic test is inaccurate in testing the energy release condition of the active material with lower strength, the experiment is difficult to develop, and the loading size is difficult to control.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention is integrally cylindrical with two side walls, wherein one side wall is provided with a hinge, and the other side wall is provided with a buckle. The definition is equipped with the lateral wall one end of hinge and is the left end, and the lateral wall one end of being equipped with the buckle is the right-hand member. The pressure sensor is used in cooperation with a pressure sensor, a camera and a Hopkinson pressure bar. The main tank body is clamped between the left support wall surface and the right support wall surface, and the central axis l of the main tank body is arranged above the left support base and the right support base1Perpendicular to the left and right support walls. The observation window is arranged on the front surface of the main tank body, and the fixing screw penetrates through the left support wall surface and the right support wall surface and the central axis l of the main tank body1Parallel.
The main tank body is a cylinder with two thin-wall cylinders on the side wall, and is made of stainless steel. The central axis of the cylinder is l1Define toward the central axis l1Is inward and deviates from the central axis l1Is exterior. The main tank body is along the central line l2And the left and the right are symmetrical. The outer diameter of the main tank body is D11And satisfies 80mm<D11<100mm, inner diameter D13Satisfy 10mm<D11-D13<15mm, length L of the main tank body12Meet the requirement of 80mm<L12<100 mm; the left end of the main tank body extends out of the tank body by a length L11Inner diameter equal to D13Outer diameter of D12The left cylinder is connected with the left supporting wall surface, so that the air tightness of the main tank body and the left supporting wall surface is ensured; the right end of the main tank body extends out by a length equal to L11Inner diameter equal to D13Outside diameter equal to D12Right cylinder, right cylinder andthe right supporting wall surface is connected, so that the air tightness of the main tank body and the right supporting wall surface is ensured. Wherein, 5mm<L11<6mm，D12＝(D11+D13)/2. The front surface (namely the side wall of the main tank body) of the main tank body extends out of the main tank body with the outer radius R14The inner radius of the front cylinder is R11The lower surface of the outer side wall of the front cylinder is tangent to the arc of the inner wall at the bottom of the main tank body, the upper surface of the outer side wall of the front cylinder is tangent to the arc of the inner wall at the top of the main tank body, and the front surface (facing outwards and close to the bottom surface of the observation window) of the front cylinder is attached to the observation window so as to maintain the air tightness between the observation window and the main tank body; the front surface of the front cylinder is carved with a sealing ring groove, and the inner radius of the sealing ring groove is R12And an outer radius of R13Depth of 1mm, width of sealing ring groove R13-R12. Rubber seal has been put to the sealing washer inslot, and the external diameter matches with the groove width phase in sealing washer groove in the rubber seal, and thickness is 2mm (sealing washer thickness will be greater than the sealing washer groove depth, and when laminating with observation window like this, the sealing washer can warp, seals the gap between observation window and the main tank body). Wherein R is14＝D11/2，R11＝D13/2，R11<R12<R13<R14，R13-R122 mm. The rear part of the main tank body (the side wall of the main tank body, which is opposite to the front cylinder) extends to an outer diameter D17Inner diameter of D16Of 20mm in the rear cylinder<D17<25mm，D1610 mm. The lower surface of the side wall of the rear cylinder facing the inner side is tangent to the arc of the inner wall of the main tank body, and the upper surface of the side wall of the rear cylinder facing the outer side is tangent to the bus of the outer wall of the main tank body. The inner wall of the rear cylinder is provided with threads, so that the pressure sensor is convenient to mount. A first tank body through hole and a second tank body through hole are dug above the main tank body, the first tank body through hole is used for connecting a vacuum pump, and the diameter of the first tank body through hole is the same as the size of a pump pipe of the vacuum pump; the through hole of the second tank body is used for receiving a nitrogen cylinder, and the diameter of the through hole is the same as that of the air guide tube of the nitrogen cylinder. The first tank body through hole is covered with a first sealing cover, and the second tank body through hole is covered with a second sealing cover for keeping the sealing performance of the main tank body. The main tank body is made of stainless steel. The left end surface of the main tank body is connected with the left supporting wall, the right end surface of the main tank body is connected with the right supporting wall, and the front surface of the main tank bodyAnd is attached to the observation window.
The observation window main body is cylindrical and has an outer radius of R41Thickness of L47. The left side and the right side of the observation window are respectively provided with a platform. Wherein R is41＝R14，14mm<L47<15 mm. The center of the observation window is provided with a first stepped hole, and the diameter of the first section of the first stepped hole is D41Depth of L48The second section has a diameter D42And the first stepped hole penetrates through the observation window, and the end with the large diameter of the first stepped hole faces the main tank body. Wherein D is41＝2R41-10mm，L48＝5mm，D42＝D41-10 mm. The left and the right of the observation window respectively extend out of a platform, and the distance between the end surfaces of the two platforms is L45Both platforms have a width of L44. Wherein L is45＝L12+2L24-2L11，L44<2R41，L24Is the thickness of the left support wall. There is hinge cooperation structure on the left side platform, has 2 buckle cooperation archs on the right side platform, and 2 buckle cooperation are protruding apart from L between protruding46Satisfies 6mm<L46<10 mm. An observation mirror is arranged in the first stepped hole, the observation mirror is a disk made of organic glass, and the diameter of the observation mirror is equal to D41Thickness equal to L48. The observation window is made of stainless steel. The observation window is hinged with the left supporting wall surface through the hinge matching structure, so that the relation between the observation window and the left supporting wall surface is similar to that between a door and a door frame, when the observation window is opened from the left supporting wall surface, a sample can be placed in the main tank body for cleaning and the like, and when the observation window is closed, the air tightness of the main tank body can be ensured. The buckle is matched with the buckle of the bulge and the right support wall surface to be combined, so that a fixing effect is achieved.
The left supporting wall face and the left supporting base are fixed together through screws, the left supporting wall face is perpendicular to the left supporting base, and the left supporting wall face and the left supporting base are made of stainless steel. The supporting base is a cuboid and has a height of L25And the size of the supporting base is suitable for ensuring that the main tank body is not shaken when placed on the Hopkinson pressure bar platform. The upper surface of the supporting base is provided with a screw hole fixed with the lower surface of the left supporting wall surface and fixed with the left supporting wall surface through a screw rod. The left supporting wall surface is rectangular as a wholeBody with length L27Width of L24Height of L23Satisfy D11<L27，10mm<L24<15mm，100mm<L23<110 mm. The left support wall surface is provided with a second stepped hole, and the center of the second stepped hole is positioned on the central line l of the left support wall surface3Upper, the first section of the second stepped hole has a radius R22Depth of r21The second section has a radius of R21The second stepped hole penetrates through the left support wall face, and the end with the large diameter of the second stepped hole faces the main tank body. The second stepped hole is positioned to ensure that the Hopkinson pressure bar can freely pass through the second stepped hole without resistance when the whole testing device is placed on the platform. Wherein R is22＝D12/2，r21＝L11，R21Determined by the diameter d of the Hopkinson pressure bar, d<R21<d +0.1 mm. The distance between the center of the second stepped hole and the left support base is L26，L26Determined by the height L of the Hopkinson pressure bar, and satisfies L26+L25L. Four supporting wall surface through holes are formed in the periphery of the second stepped hole and used for penetrating through the fixing screw rod, and the diameter of each supporting wall surface through hole is 6 mm. The through hole of the supporting wall surface is in a proper position, so that the fixing screw can penetrate through the through hole of the supporting wall surface and is not contacted with the main tank body during assembly. The left side of the left supporting wall surface is provided with a hinge. The center of the hinge bearing is flush with the center of the second stepped hole, and the distance between the axis of the hinge bearing and the left support wall surface is the thickness L of the observation window47And the half of the observation window can be tightly attached to the main tank body.
The direction of the third stepped hole of the right support wall surface is opposite to that of the second stepped hole of the left support wall surface, and the sizes of the third stepped hole and the second stepped hole are the same. And a fastener for fixing the observation window is arranged on the right side of the right supporting wall surface and corresponds to the position of the left hinge. The buckle comprises buckle base, buckle pole, buckle knob. The buckle base is a hinged base and is used for hinging the buckle rod with the right supporting wall surface, and when the thickness of the buckle base needs to enable the buckle knob to be screwed, the buckle knob and the buckle matching bulge can be tightly attached. The snap-in rod is cylindrical and has a length L31The diameter is 6mm, the axis of the buckle rod is level with the center of the stepped holeThe top end of the buckle rod has a length L32The thread of (2). The top end of the buckle rod is provided with a knob. The knob is provided with a depth L33The threaded hole is matched with the buckle rod. The outer diameter of the bottom end of the knob is convenient for rotation. Wherein L is32≥L33，L31Satisfy L47+10mm≥L31≥L47+5mm and L31-L32≤L47. The rest part of the right supporting wall surface is the same as the left supporting wall surface, the shape and the structure of the right supporting base are the same as those of the left supporting base, and 4 supporting wall surface through holes are dug in the right supporting wall surface. The right supporting base and the right supporting wall surface are made of stainless steel.
The fixed screw is a cylindrical screw made of stainless steel. The diameter is equal to that of the through hole on the supporting wall surface, and the length is L41The bottom end has a length L42The thread of (2). Satisfy, L41>L45+5mm and L41-L42<L45。
The Hopkinson pressure bar is made of high-quality alloy steel (60 SiMnV); the Hopkinson pressure bar is cylindrical, the diameter of the Hopkinson pressure bar is d, and the length of the Hopkinson pressure bar is between 1500mm and 2000 mm. The Hopkinson pressure bar incident rod extends into the right wall surface stepped hole, the left end face of the incident rod is arranged in the main tank body, the transmission rod extends into the left wall surface stepped hole, and the right end face of the incident rod is arranged in the main tank body. The sample (made of active material) is placed between the incident rod and the transmission rod, the three are tightly attached, and the three are fixed by vacuum grease. The sample is located in the center of the main tank.
The pressure sensor is a piezoresistive sensor, the model is CYG1401F, and the measuring range is 1 MPa. The cylinder 12 is fixed on the main tank body through matching the threads of the cylinder; the sampling frequency of the camera is more than 20000 frames/s, the recording time is more than 200 mus, and the camera is placed at a proper position in front of the observation window, so that the camera can clearly shoot the reaction process of the sample.
The process of the active material energy release test by adopting the invention is as follows:
first, a test apparatus is assembled. Assembling the main tank body, the left supporting wall surface and the right supporting wall surface together, penetrating 4 fixing screws through the supporting wall surface through hole of the left supporting wall surface and the supporting wall surface through hole of the right supporting wall surface, and screwing nuts; and assembling the hinge to enable the observation window and the main tank body to be hinged together. And opening the buckle of the right support wall surface, opening the observation window from the left support wall surface, and preparing to put in a sample.
And secondly, building a test platform. The method comprises the following steps:
2.1 from the third ladder hole of the right branch strut wall surface stretch into the incident pole of the Hopkinson pressure bar, stretch into the transmission pole of the Hopkinson pressure bar from the second ladder hole of the left branch strut wall surface. The active material sample is clamped by the end faces of the incident rod and the transmission rod, the sample made of the active material is placed between the incident rod and the transmission rod, the incident rod, the transmission rod and the sample are tightly attached and fixed by vacuum grease, and the sample is located in the center of the main tank body. And respectively sticking strain gauges on the positions 1m away from the sample of the incident rod and the transmission rod of the Hopkinson pressure bar, connecting the strain gauges to a Wheatstone bridge (belonging to a separated Hopkinson pressure bar experiment platform), and then connecting the strain gauges to a digital oscilloscope through an ultra-dynamic strain gauge (belonging to a separated Hopkinson pressure bar experiment platform). And closing the observation window, and screwing the buckle on the right support wall surface to ensure that the inside of the main tank body is airtight.
And 2.2, screwing the pressure sensor into a threaded hole of the rear cylinder of the main tank body, connecting a power supply of the pressure sensor, and connecting a signal wire of the pressure sensor into the digital oscilloscope.
2.3 erecting a camera in front of the observation window, connecting a trigger line of the camera into an oscilloscope, and when an incident wave signal appears, automatically starting shooting by the camera. The position of the camera is such that the camera can clearly capture the reaction process of the sample.
2.4 if it is desired to test the reaction of the active material in an atmosphere of a target gas (nitrogen, helium, high-concentration oxygen, etc.), the gas in the main tank should be changed to the target gas. And connecting the through hole of the first tank body into a vacuum pump, and connecting the through hole of the second tank body into a gas cylinder of target gas. Firstly, opening a vacuum pump to completely pump gas in a main tank body, then closing the vacuum pump, opening a target gas cylinder valve, introducing target gas, and closing the target gas cylinder valve after reaching one atmospheric pressure; the process of air pumping and ventilation is repeated for two to three times, and the gas in the device is ensured to be the target gas.
Thirdly, testing the energy release condition of the active material by the following steps:
3.1 adopting a high-pressure gas accelerating bullet to impact the Hopkinson pressure bar, and applying a pressure pulse to the right end of the Hopkinson pressure bar. If the pressure pulse is large enough, the active material reacts to release heat, thereby heating the air in the main tank and raising the pressure in the main tank.
3.2 the strain gauge of pasting on the hopkinson pressure bar records the strain signal of incident wave and reflection wave in the hopkinson pressure bar, and pressure sensor records the size that the internal pressure of the main tank body risees. The data is sent to a computer for processing.
3.3 viewing the image recorded by the camera, the portion related to the reaction of the sample is selected. The reaction process of the material can be visually seen through the photo.
3.4 restore all instruments to the state where the second step is finished. If the change rule of the pressure and the strain is obtained, the fourth step is carried out, the change rule is that the pressure value is generally monotonically increased along with the strain signal value of the transmitted wave, and the increase amplitude depends on the specific active material and the atmosphere; if the change rule of pressure and strain is not obtained, then
And (3) changing the pressure of the gas for driving the bullet, and turning to the step 3.1 to obtain other groups of pressure and strain signals.
Fourthly, data processing is carried out, and the method comprises the following steps:
4.1 converting the overpressure into a voltage signal by a pressure sensor and recording the voltage signal on an oscilloscope; the peak value of the signal occurs in millisecond order, the transmission rod is still in the main tank body, the main tank body is still sealed, and therefore the impact energy release delta Q of the active material can be calculated according to the pressure signal
Figure GDA0003378883140000081
Where Δ p represents the measured value of the overpressure sensor, V represents the volume of gas in the main tank, measured before the experiment, and γ represents the polytropic gas index, determined by the gas in the main tank. The active material reaction degree y can also be calculated. y is defined as
Figure GDA0003378883140000082
In the formula mtRepresents the total mass of the test specimen before testing, m1Representing the mass of sample that has not reacted when the loading of the hopkinson pressure bar is complete. Since the sample is crushed into a residue after being impacted, m1It is difficult to measure.
So when actually calculating y, the calculation formula is adopted as
Figure GDA0003378883140000083
Wherein Q ismThe theoretical heat of reaction (which can be estimated from the chemical composition of the material) per unit mass of the active material (i.e., the sample) depends on the class of the reactive material.
4.2 processing the strain signal of the transmission rod into the magnitude of the input impulse I:
I＝EA∫εtdt
wherein I represents an incident impulse, E represents an elastic modulus of the Hopkinson pressure bar, A represents a cross-sectional area of the Hopkinson pressure bar,. epsilontRepresenting the strain of the transmission rod.
And 4.3, drawing a curve by taking the input impulse I as an independent variable and the impact energy release delta Q or the reaction degree y as a dependent variable, and obtaining the impact energy release condition of the active material according to the slope and intercept of the curve.
The main size of the invention is the volume of the tank body, and the volume is influenced by a plurality of factors such as the size of a sample, the energy release condition of the sample, the performance of a pressure sensor and the like, and is difficult to have a determined range, so a specific empirical value for a 20mm Hopkinson pressure bar is given.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention constructs a closed space which can be applied to a Hopkinson pressure bar platform by utilizing the main tank body, the left supporting wall surface, the right supporting wall surface and the observation window, and when an active material reacts in the closed space, the air can be heated, and overpressure is generated in the main tank body, so that a pressure sensor generates a signal, thereby measuring the energy release condition of the active material.
2. According to the invention, by adding the observation mirror in the observation window, the air tightness of the interior of the main tank body is ensured, and the camera can record the reaction condition of the active material through the observation mirror.
3. According to the invention, pressure pulse is applied through the Hopkinson pressure bar, so that the active material (i.e. the sample) directly reacts in the main tank body, the process that the sample enters the main tank body is eliminated, and the problems of excessive energy loss and inaccurate energy release test when the active material with lower strength penetrates through the iron sheet and enters the main tank body in the traditional active material forward impact experiment are solved.
4. The method reserves the function of testing the dynamic mechanical property of the material by the Hopkinson pressure bar, and can obtain the mechanical properties such as the constitutive relation of the material by analyzing the strain waveforms of the transmission rod and the incident rod when the active material is not reacted.
5. Compared with the traditional forward impact test, the method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, strong controllability and the like in the aspect of active material energy release test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a structural view of the main tank 1, and fig. 3(a) is a front view of the main tank 1; fig. 3(b) is a plan view of the main tank 1; fig. 3(c) is a rear view of the main tank 1;
fig. 4 is a structural view of the observation window 4, and fig. 4(a) is a front view of the observation window 4; fig. 4(b) is a top view of the observation window 4.
Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the left support wall 2 and the left support base 2;
fig. 6 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the right support wall 3 and the right support base 3;
fig. 7 is a front view of the fixing screw 5.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention is generally cylindrical with two sidewalls, one having hinges thereon and one having snaps thereon. The definition is equipped with the lateral wall one end of hinge and is the left end, and the lateral wall one end of being equipped with the buckle is the right-hand member. The invention is composed of a main tank body 1, a left supporting wall surface 2, a left supporting base 2, a right supporting wall surface 3, a right supporting base 3, an observation window 4 and a fixed screw 5, and is used in cooperation with a pressure sensor, a camera and a Hopkinson pressure bar 6. The main tank body 1 is clamped between the left support wall surface 2 and the right support wall surface 3, and the central axis l of the main tank body 1 is arranged above the left support base 2 and the right support base 31Perpendicular to the left and right support walls 2, 3. The observation window 4 is arranged on the front surface of the main tank body 1, and the fixing screw 5 penetrates through the left support wall surface 2 and the right support wall surface 3 and the central axis l of the main tank body 11Parallel.
As shown in fig. 3(a) and 3(b), the main tank 1 is a cylindrical type with two thin-walled cylinders on its side walls, and is made of stainless steel. The central axis of the cylinder is l1Define toward the central axis l1Is inward and deviates from the central axis l1Is exterior. The main tank body 1 is along the central line l2And the left and the right are symmetrical. The outer diameter of the main tank body 1 is D11And satisfies 80mm<D11<100mm, inner diameter D13Satisfy 10mm<D11-D13<15mm, length L of main tank body 112Meet the requirement of 80mm<L12<100 mm; the left end of the main tank body 1 extends by a length L11Inner diameter equal to D13Outer diameter of D12The left cylinder 14 is connected with the left supporting wall surface 2, so that the air tightness of the main tank body 1 and the left supporting wall surface 2 is ensured; the right end of the main tank body 1 extends by a length equal to L11Inner diameter equal to D13Outside diameter equal to D12And the right cylinder 15 is connected with the right supporting wall surface 3, so that the air tightness of the main tank body 1 and the right supporting wall surface 3 is ensured. Wherein, 5mm<L11<6mm，D12＝(D11+D13)/2. The front surface of the main tank body 1 (namely the side wall of the main tank body 1) extends out of the outer radius R14The front cylinder 11 (shown in fig. 2), the front cylinder 11 having an inner radius R11The lower surface of the outer side wall of the front cylinder 11 is in arc connection with the inner wall of the bottom of the main tank body 1Cutting, wherein the upper surface of the outer side wall of the front cylinder 11 is tangent to the arc of the inner wall of the top of the main tank body 1, and the front surface (the bottom surface facing outwards and close to the observation window) of the front cylinder 11 is attached to the observation window 4 to maintain the air tightness between the observation window 4 and the main tank body 1; the front surface of the front cylinder 11 is carved with a sealing ring groove 16, and the inner radius of the sealing ring groove 16 is R12And an outer radius of R13Depth of 1mm, width of seal ring groove 16 ═ R13-R12. A rubber sealing ring is arranged in the sealing ring groove 16, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the rubber sealing ring are matched with the groove width of the sealing ring groove 16, and the thickness of the rubber sealing ring is 2mm (the thickness of the sealing ring is larger than the groove depth of the sealing ring, so that when the rubber sealing ring is attached to an observation window, the sealing ring can deform to seal a gap between the observation window and a main tank body). Wherein R is14＝D11/2，R11＝D13/2，R11<R12<R13<R14，R13-R 122 mm. As shown in FIG. 3(c), the rear part of the main tank 1 (the side wall of the main tank 1, opposite to the front cylinder 11) extends to an outside diameter D17Inner diameter of D16Of 20mm in the rear cylinder 12<D17<25mm，D1610 mm. The lower surface of the side wall of the rear cylinder 12 facing the inner side is tangent to the arc of the inner wall of the main tank body 1, and the upper surface of the side wall of the rear cylinder 12 facing the outer side is tangent to the generatrix of the outer wall of the main tank body 1. The inner wall of the rear cylinder 12 is provided with threads, which is convenient for installing the pressure sensor. As shown in fig. 3(b), a first tank through hole 131 and a second tank through hole 132 are dug above the main tank 1, the first tank through hole 131 is used for connecting a vacuum pump, and the diameter of the first tank through hole is the same as the size of a pump pipe of the vacuum pump; the second tank through hole 132 is used for receiving a nitrogen cylinder, and the diameter of the nitrogen cylinder through hole is the same as that of the air guide tube of the nitrogen cylinder. Referring to fig. 2, the first sealing cover 17 is covered on the first tank through hole 131, and the second sealing cover 18 is covered on the second tank through hole 132 for maintaining the sealability of the main tank 1. The main tank body 1 is made of stainless steel. The left end face of the main tank body 1 is connected with the left supporting wall 2, the right end face of the main tank body is connected with the right supporting wall 3, and the front face of the main tank body 1 is attached to the observation window 4.
As shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b, the observation window 4 has a cylindrical main body and an outer radius R41Thickness of L47(see FIG. 4 b). The observation window 4 is provided with a platform at the left and the right. It is composed ofIn R41＝R14，14mm<L47<15 mm. The observation window 4 is provided with a first stepped hole 43 at the center, and as shown in FIG. 4b, the first stepped hole 43 has a first section with a diameter D41Depth of L48The second section has a diameter D42The first stepped hole 43 penetrates the observation window 4, and the end of the first stepped hole 43 having a large diameter faces the main tank 1. Wherein D is41＝2R41-10mm，L48＝5mm，D42＝D41-10 mm. As shown in FIG. 4a, two platforms are extended from the left and right of the observation window 4, and the distance between the end surfaces of the two platforms is L45Both platforms have a width of L44. Wherein L is45＝L12+2L24-2L11，L44<2R41，L24The thickness of the left support wall is shown in fig. 5. Hinge matching structure 41 is arranged on left platform 44, 2 snap-fit protrusions 42 are arranged on right platform 45, and distance L between 2 snap-fit protrusions 4246Satisfies 6mm<L46<10 mm. An observation mirror 7 is arranged in the first stepped hole 43, the observation mirror 7 is a disk made of organic glass, and the diameter of the observation mirror 7 is equal to D41Thickness equal to L48. The observation window 4 is made of stainless steel. Observation window 4 is articulated with left branch brace wall 2 through hinge cooperation structure 41 for observation window 4 is similar to door and door frame with the relation of left branch brace wall 2, and when observation window 4 was opened from left branch brace wall 2, can put the sample at main jar body 1, cleans etc. and when observation window 4 closed, can guarantee the gas tightness of main jar body 1. The snap-fit projections 42 engage with the snap-fit of the right support wall 3 to provide a fixing function.
As shown in fig. 5, the left support wall 2 and the left support base 2 are fixed together by screws, and the left support wall 2 is perpendicular to the left support base 2 and is made of stainless steel. The supporting base 2 is a cuboid with a height L25The size of the supporting base 2 is suitable for ensuring that the main tank body 1 is not shaken when placed on the Hopkinson pressure bar platform. The upper surface of the supporting base 2 is provided with a screw hole fixed with the lower surface of the left supporting wall surface 2 and fixed with the left supporting wall surface 2 through a screw rod. The left supporting wall surface 2 is a cuboid as a whole and has a length L27Width of L24Height of L23Satisfy D11<L27，10mm<L24<15mm，100mm<L23<110 mm. The left supporting wall surface 2 is provided with a second step hole 21, and the center of the second step hole 21 is positioned on the central line l of the left supporting wall surface3Upper, the first section of the second stepped hole 21 has a radius R22Depth of r21The second section has a radius of R21The second stepped hole 21 penetrates the left support wall surface, and the end of the second stepped hole 21 having a large diameter faces the main tank 1. The second stepped hole 21 is positioned to ensure that the hopkinson strut 6 passes freely through the second stepped hole 21 without resistance when the entire test device is placed on the platform. Wherein R is22＝D12/2，r21＝L11，R21Determined by the diameter d of the Hopkinson pressure bar 6<R21<d +0.1 mm. The distance between the center of the second stepped hole 21 and the left support base 2 is L26，L26Determined by the height L of the Hopkinson pressure bar 6, and satisfies L26+L25L. Four supporting wall surface through holes 22 are formed in the periphery of the second stepped hole 21, the supporting wall surface through holes 22 are used for penetrating through the fixing screw rods 5, and the diameter of each supporting wall surface through hole 22 is 6 mm. The support wall through hole 22 is positioned properly to ensure that the fixing screw 5 can pass through the support wall through hole 22 without contacting the main tank 1 at the time of assembly. The left side of the left support wall 2 is provided with a hinge 23. The center of the hinge bearing 231 is flush with the center of the second stepped hole 21, and the distance between the axis of the hinge bearing 231 and the left support wall surface 2 is the thickness L of the observation window 447And half of the observation window 4 can be tightly attached to the main tank body 1.
As shown in fig. 6, the third stepped hole 31 of the right support wall surface 3 is opposite in direction to the second stepped hole 21 of the left support wall surface 2 and has the same size. The right side of the right supporting wall 3 is provided with a buckle 32 for fixing the observation window 4 at the position corresponding to the left hinge 23. The buckle 32 is composed of a buckle base 323, a buckle rod 322 and a buckle knob 321. The snap base 323 is a hinge base for hinging the snap lever 322 and the right support wall 3 together, and the thickness of the snap base is such that the snap knob 321 and the snap fitting protrusion 42 can be tightly attached when the snap knob 321 is screwed. The latch lever 322 is cylindrical and has a length L316mm in diameter, a fastenerThe axis of the rod 322 is flush with the center of the stepped hole 31, and the top end of the buckling rod 322 has a length L32The thread of (2). The top end of the buckle rod 322 is provided with a knob 321. The knob 321 has a depth L33And a threaded hole that mates with the snap rod 322. The bottom end of the knob 321 preferably has an outer diameter to facilitate rotation. Wherein L is32≥L33，L31Satisfy L47+10mm≥L31≥L47+5mm and L31-L32≤L47. The rest of the right supporting wall surface 3 is the same as the left supporting wall surface 2, the right supporting base 3 is the same as the left supporting base 2 in shape structure, and 4 supporting wall surface through holes 22 are also dug in the right supporting wall surface 3. The right supporting base 3 and the right supporting wall 3 are made of stainless steel.
As shown in fig. 7, the fixing screw 5 is a cylindrical screw made of stainless steel. The diameter is equal to that of the through hole 22 on the supporting wall surface, and the length is L41The bottom end has a length L42The thread of (2). Satisfy, L41>L45+5mm and L41-L42<L45。
The Hopkinson pressure bar 6 is made of high-quality alloy steel (60 SiMnV); the Hopkinson pressure bar 6 is cylindrical, the diameter of the Hopkinson pressure bar is d, and the length of the Hopkinson pressure bar is between 1500mm and 2000 mm. The incident rod of the Hopkinson pressure bar 6 extends into the main tank body 1 from the right wall surface stepped hole 31, the left end surface of the incident rod extends into the main tank body 1, the transmission rod extends into the left wall surface stepped hole 21, and the right end surface of the incident rod is arranged in the main tank body 1. The sample (made of active material) is placed between the incident rod and the transmission rod, the three are tightly attached, and the three are fixed by vacuum grease. The sample is located in the center of the main tank 1.
The pressure sensor is a piezoresistive sensor, the model is CYG1401F, and the measuring range is 1 MPa. The cylinder 12 is fixed on the main tank body 1 through matching the threads of the cylinder; the sampling frequency of the camera is more than 20000 frames/s, the recording time is more than 200 mus, and the camera is placed at a proper position in front of the observation window 4, so that the camera can clearly shoot the reaction process of the sample.
The process of the active material energy release test by adopting the invention is as follows:
first, a test apparatus is assembled. Assembling the main tank body 1, the left support wall surface 2 and the right support wall surface 3 together, penetrating 4 fixing screws 5 through the support wall surface through hole 22 of the left support wall surface 2 and the support wall surface through hole 22 of the right support wall surface 3, and screwing nuts; the hinge 23 is assembled to hinge the observation window 4 and the main tank 1 together. The holder 32 of the right support wall 3 is opened, and the observation window 4 is opened from the left support wall 2 to prepare for placing a sample.
And secondly, building a test platform. The method comprises the following steps:
2.1 the third stepped hole 31 of the right support wall surface 3 extends into the incident rod of the hopkinson pressure bar 6, and the second stepped hole 21 of the left support wall surface 3 extends into the transmission rod of the hopkinson pressure bar. The active material sample is clamped by the end faces of the incident rod and the transmission rod, the sample made of the active material is placed between the incident rod and the transmission rod, the incident rod, the transmission rod and the sample are tightly attached and fixed by vacuum grease, and the sample is located in the center of the main tank body 1. And respectively sticking strain gauges on the positions 1m away from the sample of an incident rod and a transmission rod of the Hopkinson pressure bar 6, and connecting the strain gauges into a Wheatstone bridge (belonging to a separated Hopkinson pressure bar experiment platform) and then into a digital oscilloscope through an ultra-dynamic strain gauge (belonging to a separated Hopkinson pressure bar experiment platform). The observation window 4 is closed, and the buckle 32 of the right support wall surface 3 is screwed to ensure that the inside of the main tank body 1 is airtight.
2.2, screwing the pressure sensor into a threaded hole of the rear cylinder 12 of the main tank body 1, switching on a power supply of the pressure sensor, and connecting a signal wire of the pressure sensor into the digital oscilloscope.
2.3 the camera is erected in front of the observation window 4, the trigger line of the camera is connected into the oscilloscope, and when the incident wave signal appears, the camera automatically starts shooting. The position of the camera is such that the camera can clearly capture the reaction process of the sample.
2.4 if it is necessary to test the reaction of the active material in the atmosphere of the target gas (nitrogen, helium, high-concentration oxygen, etc.), the gas in the main tank 1 should be changed to the target gas. The first tank through hole 131 is connected to a vacuum pump, and the second tank through hole 132 is connected to a gas cylinder of target gas. Firstly, opening a vacuum pump to completely pump gas in the main tank body 1, then closing the vacuum pump, opening a target gas cylinder valve, introducing target gas, and closing the target gas cylinder valve after reaching an atmospheric pressure; the process of air pumping and ventilation is repeated for two to three times, and the gas in the device is ensured to be the target gas.
Thirdly, testing the energy release condition of the active material by the following steps:
3.1 adopting a high-pressure gas accelerating bullet to impact the Hopkinson pressure bar 6, and applying a pressure pulse to the right end of the Hopkinson pressure bar 6. If the pressure pulse is large enough, the active material can react, releasing heat, thereby heating the air in the main tank 1 and raising the pressure in the main tank 1.
3.2 the strain gauge adhered to the Hopkinson pressure bar 6 records the strain signals of incident waves and reflected waves in the Hopkinson pressure bar 6, and the pressure sensor records the rising magnitude of the pressure in the main tank body 1. The data is sent to a computer for processing.
3.3 viewing the image recorded by the camera, the portion related to the reaction of the sample is selected. The reaction process of the material can be visually seen through the photo.
3.4 restore all instruments to the state where the second step is finished. If the change rule of the pressure and the strain is obtained, the fourth step is carried out, the change rule is that the pressure value is generally monotonically increased along with the strain signal value of the transmitted wave, and the increase amplitude depends on the specific active material and the atmosphere; if the change rule of pressure and strain is not obtained, then
And (3) changing the pressure of the gas for driving the bullet, and turning to the step 3.1 to obtain other groups of pressure and strain signals.
Fourthly, data processing is carried out, and the method comprises the following steps:
4.1 converting the overpressure into a voltage signal by a pressure sensor and recording the voltage signal on an oscilloscope; the peak value of the signal occurs in the millisecond order, the transmission rod is still in the main tank body 1, the main tank body 1 is still sealed, and therefore the impact energy delta Q of the active material can be calculated according to the pressure signal
Figure GDA0003378883140000161
Where Δ p represents the measured value of the overpressure sensor, V represents the volume of gas in the main tank 1, measured before the experiment, and γ represents the polytropic gas index, determined by the gas in the main tank 1. The active material reaction degree y can also be calculated. y is defined as
Figure GDA0003378883140000162
In the formula mtRepresents the total mass of the test specimen before testing, m1Representing the mass of sample that has not reacted when the loading of the hopkinson strut 6 is complete. Since the sample is crushed into a residue after being impacted, m1It is difficult to measure.
So when actually calculating y, the calculation formula is adopted as
Figure GDA0003378883140000163
Wherein Q ismThe theoretical heat of reaction (which can be estimated from the chemical composition of the material) per unit mass of the active material (i.e., the sample) depends on the class of the reactive material.
4.2 processing the strain signal of the transmission rod into the magnitude of the input impulse I:
I＝EA∫εtdt
wherein I represents an incident impulse, E represents an elastic modulus of the Hopkinson pressure bar, A represents a cross-sectional area of the Hopkinson pressure bar,. epsilontRepresenting the strain of the transmission rod.
And 4.3, drawing a curve by taking the input impulse I as an independent variable and the impact energy release delta Q or the reaction degree y as a dependent variable, and obtaining the impact energy release condition of the active material according to the slope and intercept of the curve.

Claims (15)

1. The device for testing the energy release of the active materials under different atmospheres is characterized in that the device for testing the energy release of the active materials under different atmospheres is integrally cylindrical with two side walls, one side wall is provided with a hinge, and the other side wall is provided with a buckle; defining one end of the side wall provided with the hinge as a left end and one end of the side wall provided with the buckle as a right end; the device for testing the energy release of the active material under different atmospheres comprises a main tank body (1) and a left sideThe device comprises a supporting wall surface (2), a left supporting base (2), a right supporting wall surface (3), a right supporting base (3), an observation window (4) and a fixing screw rod (5), and is matched with a pressure sensor, a camera and a Hopkinson pressure bar (6) for use; the main tank body (1) is clamped between the left support wall surface (2) and the right support wall surface (3), and the central axis l of the main tank body (1) is arranged above the left support base (2) and the right support base (3)1Is vertical to the left supporting wall surface (2) and the right supporting wall surface (3); the observation window (4) is arranged on the front surface of the main tank body (1), and the fixing screw (5) penetrates through the left support wall surface (2) and the right support wall surface (3) and the central axis l of the main tank body (1)1Parallel connection;
the main tank body (1) is a cylinder with two thin-wall cylinders on the side wall, and the central axis of the cylinder is l1Define toward the central axis l1Is inward and deviates from the central axis l1Is outer; the main tank body (1) is arranged along the central line l2Left-right symmetry; the outer diameter of the main tank body (1) is D11Inner diameter of D13The length of the main tank body (1) is L12(ii) a A left cylinder (14) extends out of the left end of the main tank body (1), and the left cylinder (14) is connected with the left support wall surface (2); a right cylinder (15) extends out of the right end of the main tank body (1), and the right cylinder (15) is connected with the right supporting wall surface (3); the side wall of the main tank body (1) extends out of the outer radius R14The inner radius of the front cylinder (11) is R11The lower surface of the outer side wall of the front cylinder (11) is tangent to the arc of the inner wall at the bottom of the main tank body (1), the upper surface of the outer side wall of the front cylinder (11) is tangent to the arc of the inner wall at the top of the main tank body (1), and the bottom surface of the front cylinder (11) close to the observation window (4) is attached to the observation window (4); a sealing ring groove (16) is carved on the front surface of the front cylinder (11); a rubber sealing ring is arranged in the sealing ring groove (16); the side wall of the main tank body (1) opposite to the front cylinder (11) extends out of the main tank body and has an outer diameter D17Inner diameter of D16A rear cylinder (12); the lower surface of the side wall of the rear cylinder (12) facing the inner side is tangent to the arc of the inner wall of the main tank body (1), and the upper surface of the side wall of the rear cylinder (12) facing the outer side is tangent to the bus of the outer wall of the main tank body (1); the inner wall of the rear cylinder (12) is provided with threads, so that a pressure sensor is convenient to mount; a first tank through hole (131) and a second tank through hole (132) are dug above the main tank (1), and the first tank through hole (131) is used for connecting a vacuum pump; the second tank through hole (132) is used for receiving a gas cylinder of target gas; the first tank bodyA first sealing cover (17) is covered on the through hole (131), and a second sealing cover (18) is covered on the second tank body through hole (132);
the main body of the observation window (4) is cylindrical, and the outer radius is R41Thickness of L47The left side and the right side of the observation window (4) are respectively provided with a platform; the center of the observation window (4) is provided with a first step hole (43), and the diameter of a first section of the first step hole (43) is D41Depth of L48The second section has a diameter D42The first stepped hole (43) penetrates through the observation window (4), and one end of the first stepped hole (43) with the large diameter faces the main tank body (1); the left and the right of the observation window (4) respectively extend out of a platform, and the distance between the end surfaces of the two platforms is L45Both platforms have a width of L44(ii) a The left platform (44) is provided with a hinge matching structure (41), and the right platform (45) is provided with 2 snap-fit protrusions (42); an observation mirror (7) is arranged in the first step hole (43); the observation window (4) is hinged with the left support wall surface (2) through a hinge matching structure (41); the buckle matching bulge (42) is combined with the buckle of the right support wall surface (3) to play a role in fixing;
the left supporting wall surface (2) and the left supporting base (2) are fixed together through screws, and the left supporting wall surface (2) is perpendicular to the left supporting base (2); the left supporting base (2) is a cuboid; the upper surface of the left supporting base (2) is provided with a screw hole fixed with the lower surface of the left supporting wall surface (2) and fixed with the left supporting wall surface (2) through a screw rod; the left supporting wall surface (2) is a cuboid as a whole; the left supporting wall surface (2) is provided with a second stepped hole (21), and the center of the second stepped hole (21) is positioned on the central line l of the left supporting wall surface3A second stepped hole (21) penetrates through the left support wall surface, and one end of the second stepped hole (21) with the larger diameter faces the main tank body (1); four supporting wall surface through holes (22) are formed in the periphery of the second stepped hole (21), and the supporting wall surface through holes (22) are used for penetrating through the fixing screw rod (5); the hinge (23) is arranged on the left side of the left supporting wall surface (2);
the direction of the third stepped hole (31) of the right support wall surface (3) is opposite to the direction of the second stepped hole (21) of the left support wall surface (2), and the third stepped hole and the second stepped hole are the same in size; a buckle (32) for fixing the observation window (4) is arranged at the right side of the right supporting wall surface (3) and corresponds to the position of the left hinge (23); the rest part of the right supporting wall surface (3) is the same as the left supporting wall surface (2), the shape and the structure of the right supporting base (3) are the same as the shape and the structure of the left supporting base (2), and 4 supporting wall surface through holes (22) are also dug on the right supporting wall surface (3);
the fixing screw (5) is a cylindrical screw.
2. The device for testing the release of energy of active materials under different atmospheres according to claim 1, wherein the outer diameter D of the main tank body (1)11Meet the requirement of 80mm<D11<100mm, inner diameter D13Satisfy 10mm<D11-D13<15mm, length L of the main tank body (1)12Meet the requirement of 80mm<L12<100mm。
3. The device for testing the release of energy from active material under different atmospheres of claim 1, wherein the length L of the left cylinder (14)11Satisfy 5mm<L11<6mm, inner diameter equal to D13Outer diameter D12Satisfies D12＝(D11+D13) 2; the length of the right cylinder (15) is equal to L11Inner diameter equal to D13Outside diameter equal to D12(ii) a The outer radius R of the front cylinder (11)14＝D11/2, inner radius R11＝D132; the rear cylinder (12) having an outer diameter D17Satisfy 20mm<D17<25mm, inner diameter D1610 mm; the diameter of the first tank body through hole (131) is the same as the size of a pump pipe of the vacuum pump; the diameter of the through hole (132) of the second tank body is the same as that of the air guide pipe of the nitrogen cylinder.
4. The device for testing the release of active materials under different atmospheres according to claim 1, wherein the inner radius of the seal ring groove (16) is R12And an outer radius of R13Satisfy R11<R12<R13<R14The depth is 1mm, and the groove width of the seal ring groove (16) is R13-R122 mm; the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the rubber sealing ring are matched with the groove width of the sealing ring groove (16), and the thickness of the rubber sealing ring is 2 mm.
5. The active material according to claim 1, wherein the active material is selected from the group consisting ofEnergy release testing device, characterized in that the outer radius R of the observation window (4)41＝R14Thickness L47Satisfy 14mm<L47<15 mm; first stepped bore (43) first section diameter D41＝2R4110mm, depth L485mm, second diameter D42＝D41-10mm, the distance between the two platform end surfaces extending out of the left and right of the observation window (4) is L45，L45＝L12+2L24-2L11Both platforms have a width of L44，L44<2R41，L24Is the thickness of the left supporting wall surface, L11Is the length of the left cylinder (14); distance L between 2 snap-fit projections (42) on the right platform (45)46Satisfies 6mm<L46<10mm。
6. The device for testing the release of energy from active materials under different atmospheres according to claim 1, characterised in that the observation mirror (7) is a disk, the diameter of the observation mirror (7) being equal to D41Thickness equal to L48。
7. The active material energy release testing device under different atmospheres according to claim 1, characterized in that the size of the left supporting base (2) is enough to ensure that the main tank (1) is placed on the Hopkinson pressure bar platform and does not shake; length L of left support wall (2)27Satisfies D11<L27Width L of24Satisfy 10mm<L24<15mm, height L23Satisfy 100mm<L23<110 mm; the first section radius R of the second stepped hole (21) of the left support wall surface (2)22＝D12/2, depth r21＝L11，D12Is the outer diameter, L, of the left cylinder (14)11Is the length of the left cylinder (14) and has a second radius R21Satisfy d<R21<d +0.1mm, wherein d is the diameter of the Hopkinson pressure bar (6); the position of the second stepped hole (21) is satisfied with the condition that when the whole testing device is placed on the platform, the Hopkinson pressure bar (6) freely passes through the second stepped hole (21); the distance L between the center of the second stepped hole (21) and the left support base (2)26Satisfy L26+L25＝l，L25The height of a left supporting base (2), and l is the height of a Hopkinson pressure bar (6); the diameter of the through hole (22) on the supporting wall surface is 6 mm; the position of the supporting wall surface through hole (22) meets the requirement that the fixing screw rod (5) penetrates through the supporting wall surface through hole (22) and does not contact the main tank body (1) during assembly; the center of a hinge bearing (231) of the hinge (23) is flush with the center of the second stepped hole (21), and the distance between the axis of the hinge bearing (231) and the left support wall surface (2) is the thickness L of the observation window (4)47Half of that.
8. The device for testing the release of energy from active materials under different atmospheres according to claim 1, characterized in that the snap (32) of the right support wall (3) consists of a snap base (323), a snap rod (322) and a snap knob (321); the buckle base (323) is a hinged base and is used for hinging the buckle rod (322) and the right support wall surface (3) together, and the thickness of the buckle base meets the requirement that the buckle knob (321) is tightly attached to the buckle matching bulge (42) when the buckle knob (321) is screwed; the buckling rod (322) is cylindrical and has a length L31The diameter is 6mm, the axis of the buckle rod (322) is flush with the central position of the third step hole (31), and the length of the top end of the buckle rod (322) is L32The thread of (2); the top end of the buckling rod (322) is provided with a buckling knob (321); the depth of the fastening knob (321) is L33The threaded hole is matched with the buckle rod (322); the outer diameter of the bottom end of the buckle knob (321) is convenient to rotate; wherein L is32≥L33，L31Satisfy L47+10mm≥L31≥L47+5mm and L31-L32≤L47。
9. The device for testing the release of energy from active materials under different atmospheres according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the fixing screw (5) is equal to the diameter of the through hole (22) on the supporting wall, and the length of the fixing screw is L41>L45+5mm, with a length L at the bottom42Of the screw thread of (1) satisfies L41-L42<L45。
10. The device for testing the release of energy of active materials under different atmospheres according to claim 1, wherein the main tank (1), the left support wall (2), the left support base (2), the right support wall (3), the right support base (3) and the observation window (4) are all made of stainless steel; the observation mirror (7) is made of organic glass.
11. A method for performing an active material energy release test using the active material energy release test device under different atmospheres according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
firstly, assembling a testing device; assembling a main tank body (1), a left supporting wall surface (2) and a right supporting wall surface (3), penetrating 4 fixing screws (5) through a supporting wall surface through hole (22) of the left supporting wall surface (2) and a supporting wall surface through hole (22) of the right supporting wall surface (3), and screwing nuts; assembling a hinge (23) to hinge the observation window (4) and the main tank body (1) together; opening a buckle (32) of the right support wall surface (3), opening the observation window (4) from the left support wall surface (2) and preparing to put a sample;
secondly, a test platform is built, and the method comprises the following steps:
2.1 an incident rod of the Hopkinson pressure bar (6) extends from a third stepped hole (31) of the right support wall surface (3), and a transmission rod of the Hopkinson pressure bar (6) extends from a second stepped hole (21) of the left support wall surface (2); the end faces of the incident rod and the transmission rod clamp an active material sample, the sample made of the active material is placed between the incident rod and the transmission rod, the incident rod, the transmission rod and the active material sample are tightly attached and fixed by vacuum grease, and the sample is positioned in the center of the main tank body (1); respectively sticking strain gauges on the positions 1m away from the sample of an incident rod and a transmission rod of the Hopkinson pressure bar (6), connecting the strain gauges to a Wheatstone bridge of a separated Hopkinson pressure bar experiment platform, and then connecting the strain gauges to a digital oscilloscope through an ultra-dynamic strain gauge of the separated Hopkinson pressure bar experiment platform; the observation window (4) is closed, and the buckle (32) of the right support wall surface (3) is screwed to ensure that the inside of the main tank body (1) is airtight;
2.2 screwing the pressure sensor into a threaded hole of the rear cylinder (12) of the main tank body (1), switching on a power supply of the pressure sensor, and connecting a spiral signal wire of the pressure sensor into a digital oscilloscope;
2.3, erecting a camera in front of the observation window (4), connecting a trigger line of the camera into an oscilloscope, and automatically starting to record images by the camera when an incident wave signal appears;
2.4, changing the gas in the main tank body (1) into a target gas atmosphere, connecting the first tank body through hole (131) into a vacuum pump, and connecting the second tank body through hole (132) into a target gas cylinder; opening a vacuum pump, completely pumping the gas in the main tank body (1), then closing the vacuum pump, opening a target gas cylinder valve, introducing the target gas, and closing the target gas cylinder valve after reaching an atmospheric pressure; repeating the processes of air extraction and ventilation for two to three times to ensure that all the gas in the device is the target gas;
thirdly, testing the energy release condition of the active material by the following steps:
3.1, adopting a high-pressure gas accelerating bullet to impact the Hopkinson pressure bar (6) and applying a pressure pulse to the right end of the Hopkinson pressure bar (6); the pressure pulse needs to be large enough to enable the active material to react and release heat, so that the air in the main tank body (1) is heated, and the pressure in the main tank body (1) is increased;
3.2 recording strain signals of incident waves and reflected waves in the Hopkinson pressure bar (6) by a strain gauge adhered to the Hopkinson pressure bar (6), and recording the rising magnitude of the pressure in the main tank body (1) by a pressure sensor; sending the data to a computer for processing;
3.3 observing the picture recorded by the camera, and selecting a part related to the reaction of the sample; the reaction process of the material is seen from the photo;
3.4 recovering all the instruments to the state of the second step; if the change rule of the pressure and the strain is obtained, turning to the fourth step, wherein the change rule is that the pressure value is monotonically increased along with the strain signal value of the transmitted wave, and the increase amplitude depends on the specific active material and the atmosphere; if the change rule of the pressure and the strain is not obtained, changing the pressure of the gas for driving the bullet, and turning to the step 3.1 to obtain other groups of pressure and strain signals;
fourthly, data processing is carried out, and the method comprises the following steps:
4.1 converting the overpressure into a voltage signal by a pressure sensor and recording the voltage signal on an oscilloscope; the peak value of the signal appears in millisecond order, the transmission rod is arranged in the main tank body (1), the main tank body (1) is sealed, and the impact energy release delta Q of the active material is calculated according to the pressure signal
Figure FDA0003420242490000071
Wherein, delta p represents the measured value of the pressure sensor, V represents the volume of the gas in the main tank body (1), and gamma represents the index of the multiparty gas determined by the gas in the main tank body (1) and is measured before the experiment; the degree of reaction y of the active material is calculated,
Figure FDA0003420242490000072
wherein Q ismThe theoretical reaction heat per unit mass of the representative sample, i.e., the active material, is calculated from the chemical composition of the material, mtRepresents the total mass of the sample before testing;
4.2 processing the strain signal of the transmission rod into the magnitude of the input impulse I:
I＝EA∫εtdt
wherein E represents the elastic modulus of the Hopkinson pressure bar, A represents the cross-sectional area of the Hopkinson pressure bar, and εtRepresents the strain of the transmission rod;
and 4.3, drawing a curve by taking the input impulse I as an independent variable and the impact energy release delta Q or the reaction degree y as a dependent variable, and obtaining the impact energy release condition of the active material according to the slope and the intercept of the curve.
12. The method for performing an active material energy release test according to claim 11, characterized in that the hopkinson strut (6) is cylindrical with a diameter d and a length between 1500mm and 2000mm, and the material of the hopkinson strut (6) is alloy steel.
13. The method of performing an active material energy release test of claim 11 wherein the pressure sensor is a piezoresistive sensor having a model number of CYG1401F and a measuring range of 1 MPa.
14. The method for performing an active material energy release test as recited in claim 11, wherein the camera requires a sampling frequency greater than 20000 frames/s and a recording time greater than 200 μ s.
15. The method for performing an active material energy release test according to claim 11, wherein the target gas in step 2.4 is nitrogen or helium or oxygen.
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