CN113374907A - Adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device and water hammer suppression method based on same - Google Patents
Adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device and water hammer suppression method based on same Download PDFInfo
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- CN113374907A CN113374907A CN202110727809.4A CN202110727809A CN113374907A CN 113374907 A CN113374907 A CN 113374907A CN 202110727809 A CN202110727809 A CN 202110727809A CN 113374907 A CN113374907 A CN 113374907A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
- F16K17/02—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
- F16K17/164—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side and remaining closed after return of the normal pressure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention provides an adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device and a water hammer suppression method based on the same, and aims to solve the problems that the response speed is low and the precipitation hammer effect is not obvious in the existing pressure relief mode. The adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device comprises a shell, a cylinder top cover, an inlet flange shoulder ring, a piston base and a piston; the shell comprises an air cavity shell and a liquid cavity shell which are integrally arranged, and the flow area of the air cavity shell is larger than that of the liquid cavity shell; a liquid outlet along the radial direction of the liquid cavity shell is arranged on the liquid cavity shell; the opening of the liquid discharge port can be controlled through the air charging and discharging of the air cavity, the liquid discharge port is ensured to be closed in the normal working process of the system, the normal fluid conveying process is not affected, the device quickly responds when the system closes the valve, and the liquid discharge port is opened for discharging liquid, so that the purpose of reducing the water hammer pressure is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device and a water hammer suppression method based on the same.
Background
In a large-flow high-pressure liquid conveying pipeline system, when a stop valve is closed, instantaneous flow change in the pipeline system can generate water hammer pressure waves in the pipeline, the pressure value of the water hammer pressure waves can exceed dozens of times or even hundreds of times of rated working pressure, so that the pipeline and process equipment on the pipeline bear great pressure, and great safety and technical risks are brought to the system. Therefore, the valve closing water hammer needs to be restrained, and the water hammer reducing measures need to be ensured not to influence the fluid conveying process while the valve closing water hammer is restrained. The existing available pressure relief modes are generally relief valve emptying and liquid discharging, burst diaphragm pressure relief and the like, if the safety valve or the burst diaphragm with fixed set pressure is adopted for water hammer pressure relief, the set pressure needs to be increased to be far higher than the working pressure of a system, the increase of the set pressure causes slow response speed, and the water hammer reduction effect is not obvious.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device, which can control the opening of a liquid outlet through the air inflation and air deflation of an air cavity, ensure that the liquid outlet is closed in the normal working process of a system, does not influence the normal fluid conveying process, quickly respond when the system closes a valve, open the liquid outlet to discharge liquid, and achieve the purpose of reducing water hammer pressure. The problems that the response speed is low and the precipitation impact effect is not obvious in the conventional pressure relief mode are solved.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide an adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device, which is characterized in that: the piston comprises a shell, a cylinder top cover, an inlet flange shoulder ring, a piston base and a piston;
the shell comprises an air cavity shell and a liquid cavity shell which are integrally arranged, and the flow area of the air cavity shell is larger than that of the liquid cavity shell; the joint of the air cavity shell and the liquid cavity shell is provided with a vent hole along the radial direction; a liquid outlet along the radial direction of the liquid cavity shell is arranged on the liquid cavity shell; the cylinder top cover is fixed at one end of the air cavity shell; the top cover of the cylinder is provided with three interfaces communicated with the air cavity shell; the inlet flange shoulder ring is fixed at one end of the liquid cavity shell through a flange; the piston base is matched and fixed in the liquid cavity shell with the inlet flange shoulder ring; the tail part of the piston is positioned in the air cavity, the peripheral surface of the tail part of the piston is sealed with the inner wall of the air cavity shell through a sealing structure, the head part of the piston is positioned in the liquid cavity, the peripheral surface of the head part of the piston is sealed with the inner wall of the liquid cavity shell through a sealing structure, and meanwhile, when the head part of the piston is tightly pressed with the piston base, the liquid discharge port is sealed;
the inlet flange shoulder ring is used for being connected with a fluid supply pipeline;
three connectors on the top cover of the cylinder, which are communicated with the air cavity shell, are respectively used for being connected with an inflation pipeline, an air discharge pipeline and a pressure sensor. The opening of the liquid discharge port can be controlled through the air charging and discharging of the air cavity, the liquid discharge port is ensured to be closed in the normal working process of the system, the normal fluid conveying process is not affected, the device quickly responds when the system closes the valve, and the liquid discharge port is opened for discharging liquid, so that the purpose of reducing the water hammer pressure is achieved.
Further, in order to realize reliable sealing, sealing is realized between the piston and the piston base through a sealing line.
And further, overlaying the cobalt-based hard alloy on the sealing line part, and processing the welding line part to the size after overlaying.
Furthermore, an O-shaped sealing ring and an aluminum gasket are adopted between the outer wall of the piston base and the inner wall of the liquid cavity shell for sealing.
Further, to meet a particular fluid delivery system, the ratio of the air cavity flow area to the fluid cavity flow area was 6.25.
Furthermore, two liquid discharge ports are uniformly distributed on the liquid cavity shell.
Furthermore, the number of the vent holes is four, the vent holes are uniformly distributed on the air cavity shell, and when the piston moves, the air in the cavity between the piston and the shell is uniformly discharged.
Further, the sealing device is an O-shaped sealing ring.
In order to further improve the practicability of the pressure relief device, the shell, the cylinder top cover and the inlet flange shoulder ring are made of S30408 stainless steel; the O-shaped sealing ring material of the piston base is S8101/carboxyl nitroso group, so that the compatibility with a propellant is ensured; the O-shaped sealing ring material at the position of the piston close to the air cavity is made of butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, and the O-shaped sealing ring material at the position close to the liquid cavity is made of S8101/carboxyl nitroso.
The invention also provides a method for realizing water hammer suppression by utilizing the adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, determining the corresponding relation between the air cavity pressure and the liquid cavity pressure;
installing an adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device on a fluid conveying system close to a system shut-off valve position;
determining the opening pressure of a liquid cavity liquid outlet corresponding to the air cavity inflated to different pressures according to the air cavity overflowing area and the liquid cavity overflowing area;
step 2, determining the pressure of an air cavity before the cut-off valve is opened;
selecting a liquid cavity pressure P1, wherein P1 is greater than a set value; taking the pressure of the air cavity corresponding to the P1 as the pressure of the air cavity before starting the fluid conveying system; the set value is required to ensure the normal startup of the fluid conveying system;
step 3, before the stop valve is opened, inflating the air cavity;
before the cut-off valve is opened, an inflation valve is opened to inflate the air cavity of the adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device to p1, and the pressure is kept in the fluid supply process;
step 4, balancing the pressure of the air cavity before the stop valve is closed;
before the stop valve is closed, an air cavity air release valve is opened, the pressure of the air cavity is balanced to p2, the pressure of the liquid cavity corresponding to p2 is smaller than the set value in the step 2, and when the stop valve is closed and the water hammer pressure of the liquid cavity exceeds the pressure of the liquid cavity corresponding to p2, a liquid discharge port is opened to release the pressure of the liquid cavity;
and 5, after the water hammer pressure is released, when the pressure of the system is recovered to be lower than the pressure of the liquid cavity corresponding to p2, the piston of the pressure relief device with the adjustable air pressure automatically returns to the seat under the action of the air pressure of p2, and the liquid outlet is closed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device provided by the invention is used for adjusting the water hammer pressure, so that the water hammer pressure peak of the system can be reduced to below 40MPa from 70MPa, the water hammer capacity of the system is reduced by 80%, the damage of the water hammer pressure to the system and products is avoided, the quick and reliable response of the water hammer relief system is ensured, meanwhile, the fluid conveying process is not influenced, and the technical risk is avoided.
2. Through debugging and verification, the adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device has a correct principle, and compared with the method that the safety valve is adopted for emptying and discharging liquid or blasting a diaphragm for water hammer pressure relief, the setting pressure of the adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device can be adjusted in real time, the speed block is responded, the pressure relief effect is obvious, and the adjustment is simple.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an adjustable pressure relief device according to the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures are: 1-shell, 2-cylinder top cover, 3-piston, 4-piston base, 5-inlet flange shoulder ring, 6-flange, 7-first O-shaped sealing ring, 8-second O-shaped sealing ring and 9-third O-shaped sealing ring.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the pressure relief device with adjustable air pressure in this embodiment includes a housing 1, a cylinder top cover 2, an inlet flange shoulder ring 5, a piston base 4 and a piston 3; the shell 1 comprises an air cavity shell and a liquid cavity shell which are integrally arranged, and the flow area of the air cavity shell is larger than that of the liquid cavity shell; in this embodiment, the drift diameter of the air cavity is DN100, and the ratio of the flow area of the air cavity shell to the flow area of the liquid cavity shell is 6.25. The connection part of the air cavity shell and the liquid cavity shell is provided with vent holes along the radial direction, and the air cavity shell is provided with 4 vent holes uniformly distributed on the air cavity shell and used for exhausting air in the cavity part between the piston 3 and the shell 1 when the piston 3 moves. Be equipped with on the sap cavity casing along its radial leakage fluid dram for flowing back when water hammer pressure is released, this embodiment sets up two symmetrical DN32 leakage fluid dram in the middle section of the sap cavity casing. The cylinder head cover 2 is fixed at one end of the air cavity shell. The cylinder top cover 2 is provided with three DN10 straight-through joints communicated with the air cavity shell, and the joints are used for connecting the inflation pipeline 2, the deflation pipeline 4 and the pressure sensor and can be respectively used for inflation and deflation of the air cavity and pressure measurement. An inlet flange shoulder ring 5 is fixed at one end of the liquid cavity shell through a flange 6 and bolts. The piston base 4 is matched and fixed in the liquid cavity shell with the inlet flange shoulder ring 5. Two seals of an O-shaped seal ring and an aluminum gasket are adopted between the piston base 4 and the shell 1, so that the sealing reliability is ensured. The tail part of the piston 3 is positioned in the air cavity, and the peripheral surface of the tail part of the piston 3 is sealed with the inner wall of the air cavity shell through a sealing structure; the head of the piston 3 is positioned in the liquid cavity, and the peripheral surface of the head of the piston 3 is sealed with the inner wall of the liquid cavity shell through a sealing structure. Two O-shaped ring seals are arranged on the piston 3 to ensure that gas and liquid cannot flow into the cavity.
The shell 1, the cylinder top cover 2 and the inlet flange shoulder ring 5 of the adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device are all made of S30408 stainless steel; the bolt is made of 30CrMnSi high-strength stainless steel; the O-shaped sealing ring (a first O-shaped sealing ring 7) on the piston base 4 is made of S8101/carboxyl nitroso to ensure the compatibility with the propellant; the O-shaped sealing ring (a third O-shaped sealing ring 9) at the position close to the air cavity of the piston 3 is made of butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, and the O-shaped sealing ring (a second O-shaped sealing ring 8) at the position close to the liquid cavity is made of S8101/carboxyl nitroso.
Cleaning and degreasing each part of the adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device by using alcohol before assembling, purging by using dry nitrogen, and enabling an inner cavity to have no visible excess; 7804 lubricating grease is coated on the O-shaped sealing ring and the sealing part of the inner wall of the shell 1 in the assembling process, and after the O-shaped sealing ring and the sealing part are assembled, the flexible movement of the valve is checked without clamping stagnation; after the assembly is finished, the air cavity is subjected to a 10MPa air tightness test, the liquid cavity is subjected to a 40MPa water pressure strength test, and the air cavity is cleaned by blowing after the test.
When the device works, an inlet flange shoulder ring 5 of the adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device is connected with a front pipeline of a cut-off valve of the system, and the pressure of an air cavity is adjusted in real time through the inflation pipeline 2 and the air discharge pipeline 4. When air cavity pressure acts on the piston 3 and the air cavity pressure is greater than liquid cavity water hammer pressure, the piston 3 is tightly pressed with the piston base 4, and liquid in the cavity can not be discharged through the liquid discharge port through line sealing. And the cobalt-based hard alloy is surfacing welded at the sealing line part of the piston 3, and the cobalt-based hard alloy is machined to the size after surfacing is finished, so that the difference of the hardness of the sealing line between the piston 3 and the base is ensured. When the water hammer pressure of the liquid cavity is larger than the pressure of the air cavity, the piston 3 moves leftwards, and liquid is discharged through a gap between the piston 3 and the piston base 4 and flows out through two symmetrical DN32 liquid discharge ports.
Test method
Step 1, determining the corresponding relation between the air cavity pressure and the liquid cavity pressure;
the air cavity flow area and the liquid cavity flow area ratio are 6.25 in this embodiment, different liquid cavity pressures are determined through a gas-liquid cavity pressure test, the air cavity is inflated to different pressures, the corresponding liquid cavity pressure capable of opening the liquid discharge port is obtained, and the air cavity pressure corresponds to the liquid discharge port and opens the liquid cavity pressure as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 air cavity pressure corresponding to liquid discharge port opening liquid cavity pressure comparison table
Step 2, determining the pressure of an air cavity before a system stop valve is opened;
in table 1, when the air cavity is inflated to 5.4MPa, the corresponding liquid cavity pressure capable of opening the liquid discharge port is 32MPa, and the water hammer pressure of the liquid cavity is not more than 30MPa in the opening process of the system shut-off valve, so that the liquid discharge port is not opened in the opening process of the system shut-off valve, and the opening process of the system shut-off valve is not influenced. Therefore, the pressure of the air cavity is determined to be 5.4MPa before the system shut-off valve is opened.
Step 3, before the system cutoff valve is opened, inflating the air cavity;
before the system cut-off valve is opened, the inflation valve 3 is opened to inflate the air cavity of the adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device 1 to 5.4MPa, and the pressure is kept in the fluid supply process.
Step 4, balancing the pressure of the air cavity before the system stop valve is closed;
before the system shut-off valve is closed, the air cavity vent valve is opened to balance the air cavity to 1.5MPa, when the system is shut down, and the water hammer pressure of the liquid cavity exceeds 9.8MPa, the liquid discharge port is opened to discharge the water hammer pressure, and the discharged propellant is discharged into a recovery container through a recovery pipeline. After the water hammer pressure is released, when the water hammer pressure of the liquid cavity is recovered to be lower than 9.8MPa, the piston 3 of the adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device 1 automatically returns to the seat under the action of the air pressure of 1.5MPa, and the liquid discharge port is closed.
Here, in other embodiments, the air cavity may also be balanced to any pressure value below 5MPa in table 1. For example, when the air cavity is balanced to 0.5MPa, and when the system is shut down and the water hammer pressure of the liquid cavity exceeds 4MPa, the liquid outlet is opened. After the water hammer pressure is released, when the water hammer pressure of the liquid cavity is recovered to be lower than 4MPa, the piston 3 of the pressure relief device 1 with adjustable air pressure automatically returns to the seat under the action of the air pressure of 0.5MPa, and the liquid outlet is closed. For another example, when the air cavity is balanced to 5MPa and the system is shut down, the liquid discharge port is opened when the water hammer pressure of the liquid cavity exceeds 29.8 MPa. After the water hammer pressure is released, when the water hammer pressure of the liquid cavity is recovered to be below 29.8MPa, the piston 3 of the adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device 1 automatically returns to the seat under the action of 5MPa of air pressure, and the liquid discharge port is closed.
Compared with the prior art, the pressure relief device adopts a safety valve to discharge liquid through air or explode the diaphragm to perform water hammer pressure relief, the setting pressure of the pressure relief device is less than 30MPa, the speed block is responded, and the pressure relief effect is obvious.
According to verification, the water hammer pressure peak of the system can be reduced to be lower than 40MPa from 70MPa, the water hammer capacity of the system is reduced by 80%, damage to the system and products caused by closing of the stop valve is avoided, the water hammer discharge system is guaranteed to respond quickly and reliably, meanwhile, no influence is caused on the liquid conveying process, and the technical risk is avoided.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an adjustable vapour-pressure type pressure relief device which characterized in that: comprises a shell (1), a cylinder top cover (2), an inlet flange shoulder ring (5), a piston base (4) and a piston (3);
the shell (1) comprises an air cavity shell and a liquid cavity shell which are integrally arranged, and the flow area of the air cavity shell is larger than that of the liquid cavity shell; the joint of the air cavity shell and the liquid cavity shell is provided with a vent hole along the radial direction; a liquid outlet along the radial direction of the liquid cavity shell is arranged on the liquid cavity shell; the cylinder top cover (2) is fixed at one end of the air cavity shell; the cylinder top cover (2) is provided with three interfaces communicated with the air cavity shell; an inlet flange shoulder ring (5) is fixed at one end of the liquid cavity shell through a flange (6); the piston base (4) is matched and fixed in the liquid cavity shell with the inlet flange shoulder ring (5); the tail part of the piston (3) is positioned in the air cavity, the outer peripheral surface of the tail part of the piston (3) is sealed with the inner wall of the air cavity shell through a sealing structure, the head part of the piston (3) is positioned in the liquid cavity, the outer peripheral surface of the head part of the piston (3) is sealed with the inner wall of the liquid cavity shell through a sealing structure, and meanwhile, when the head part of the piston (3) is tightly pressed with the piston base (4), the liquid discharge port is sealed;
the inlet flange shoulder ring (5) is used for connecting with a fluid supply pipeline;
three connectors on the cylinder top cover (2) which are communicated with the air cavity shell are respectively used for being connected with an inflation pipeline, an air discharge pipeline and a pressure sensor.
2. The adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device according to claim 1, wherein: the piston (3) and the piston base (4) are sealed through a sealing line.
3. The adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device according to claim 2, wherein: and overlaying the cobalt-based hard alloy on the sealing line part, and processing the welding line part to the size after overlaying.
4. The adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device according to claim 3, wherein: an O-shaped sealing ring and an aluminum gasket are adopted between the outer wall of the piston base (4) and the inner wall of the liquid cavity shell for sealing.
5. The liquid rocket engine test propellant supply system water hammer pressure suppression system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the ratio of the air cavity flow area to the liquid cavity flow area was 6.25.
6. The adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device according to claim 5, wherein: two liquid discharge ports are uniformly distributed on the liquid cavity shell.
7. The adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device according to claim 6, wherein: the number of the vent holes is four, and the vent holes are uniformly distributed on the air cavity shell.
8. The adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device according to claim 7, wherein: the sealing device is an O-shaped sealing ring.
9. The adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device according to claim 8, wherein: the shell (1), the cylinder top cover (2) and the inlet flange shoulder ring (5) are made of S30408 stainless steel; the O-shaped sealing ring material of the piston base (4) is S8101/carboxyl nitroso; the O-shaped sealing ring material at the position of the piston (3) close to the air cavity is nitrile rubber, and the O-shaped sealing ring material at the position close to the liquid cavity is S8101/carboxyl nitroso.
10. A method for realizing water hammer suppression by using the adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining the corresponding relation between the air cavity pressure and the liquid cavity pressure;
installing an adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device on a fluid conveying system close to a system shut-off valve position;
determining the opening pressure of a liquid cavity liquid outlet corresponding to the air cavity inflated to different pressures according to the air cavity overflowing area and the liquid cavity overflowing area;
step 2, determining the pressure of an air cavity before the cut-off valve is opened;
selecting a liquid cavity pressure P1, wherein P1 is greater than a set value; taking the pressure of the air cavity corresponding to the P1 as the pressure of the air cavity before starting the fluid conveying system; the set value is required to ensure the normal startup of the fluid conveying system;
step 3, before the stop valve is opened, inflating the air cavity;
before the cut-off valve is opened, an inflation valve is opened to inflate the air cavity of the adjustable air pressure type pressure relief device to p1, and the pressure is kept in the fluid supply process;
step 4, balancing the pressure of the air cavity before the stop valve is closed;
before the stop valve is closed, an air cavity air release valve is opened, the pressure of the air cavity is balanced to p2, the pressure of the liquid cavity corresponding to p2 is smaller than the set value in the step 2, and when the stop valve is closed and the water hammer pressure of the liquid cavity exceeds the pressure of the liquid cavity corresponding to p2, a liquid discharge port is opened to release the pressure of the liquid cavity;
and 5, after the water hammer pressure is released, when the pressure of the system is recovered to be lower than the pressure of the liquid cavity corresponding to p2, the piston of the pressure relief device with the adjustable air pressure automatically returns to the seat under the action of the air pressure of p2, and the liquid outlet is closed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110727809.4A CN113374907B (en) | 2021-06-29 | 2021-06-29 | Adjustable pneumatic pressure relief device and water hammer inhibition method based on same |
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| CN202110727809.4A CN113374907B (en) | 2021-06-29 | 2021-06-29 | Adjustable pneumatic pressure relief device and water hammer inhibition method based on same |
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| CN113374907A true CN113374907A (en) | 2021-09-10 |
| CN113374907B CN113374907B (en) | 2023-05-30 |
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| CN114151643A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-03-08 | 青海盐湖海纳化工有限公司 | Liquid hammer eliminator and liquid hammer eliminating method for liquefied gas delivery |
| CN117702250A (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2024-03-15 | 连城凯克斯科技有限公司 | Pressure release adjusting equipment for single crystal furnace |
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| CN117702250A (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2024-03-15 | 连城凯克斯科技有限公司 | Pressure release adjusting equipment for single crystal furnace |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN113374907B (en) | 2023-05-30 |
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