CN113372878A - Micro-nano structure with crateriform array and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Micro-nano structure with crateriform array and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113372878A CN113372878A CN202110484572.1A CN202110484572A CN113372878A CN 113372878 A CN113372878 A CN 113372878A CN 202110484572 A CN202110484572 A CN 202110484572A CN 113372878 A CN113372878 A CN 113372878A
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K3/18—Materials not provided for elsewhere for application to surfaces to minimize adherence of ice, mist or water thereto; Thawing or antifreeze materials for application to surfaces
Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-nano structure with a volcano-vent-shaped array, and a preparation method and application thereof. The micro-nano structure with the crater-shaped array has better mechanical stability and impact resistance in a low-temperature high-humidity environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a micro-nano structure with a crater-shaped array, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Due to the super hydrophobicity of the super-hydrophobic surface material, the super-hydrophobic surface material has a series of application values, such as: rain gear, medical instrument and self-cleaning vehicle window, however, most of the existing super-hydrophobic surface materials have the defects of mechanical stability, poor wear resistance and easy damage by sharp objects, and how to improve the overall mechanical stability and impact resistance of the super-hydrophobic surface materials becomes a difficult point.
The problem of icing on the low-temperature cold surface is widely related to important industrial fields such as aerospace, wind power, photovoltaic power generation, refrigeration, transportation, electric power communication and the like, and is closely related to the daily life of people besides the industrial field; the icing on the surface can not only reduce the performance and the operation efficiency of the equipment, but also even threaten the life and property safety of people when the equipment is serious; therefore, the superhydrophobic surface with the micro-nano structure has attracted extensive attention as a passive anti-icing method with the advantages of low cost, low energy consumption, simple system structure, easy implementation and the like, and becomes a research hotspot in recent years, however, the defect of the superhydrophobic surface material is particularly obvious under the condition of low temperature.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in the conventional structure with a super-hydrophobic characteristic, a great number of tiny protrusions are distributed on the surface of a substrate, the tiny protrusions are arranged side by side to form raised "hill bags", and the concave parts between the hill bags are filled with air, so that an extremely thin air layer with a thickness of only nanometer level is formed on the surface close to a leaf surface, however, the minimum diameter of a water drop is 1-2 mm, the water drop can only form contact with the top of the hill bag on the leaf surface at a plurality of points, and therefore the water drop cannot infiltrate the surface of a material, and the water drop forms a spheroid under the action of the surface tension of the water drop and rolls off the surface of the material.
However, many scholars have questioned their anti-icing performance, pointing out: the superhydrophobic surface has poor mechanical stability and impact resistance in a low-temperature and high-humidity environment.
Therefore, how to improve the mechanical stability and impact resistance of the superhydrophobic surface under a low-temperature and high-humidity environment becomes a more difficult problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a micro-nano structure with a crater-shaped array and a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention adopts a technical scheme for solving the technical problems that:
the utility model provides a micro-nano structure with crater form array, its includes the basement and distributes a plurality of composite structure unit on the basement, composite structure unit includes solid round platform body, the blind hole has been seted up to the last bottom surface of solid round platform body.
In another preferred embodiment, the plurality of composite structure units are distributed on the substrate in a row-column matrix arrangement manner or a staggered arrangement manner.
In another preferred embodiment, the pitch of adjacent composite structural units is 0.
In another preferred embodiment, the blind hole comprises a cavity with a circular opening, the cavity is one, two or more of a cylindrical cavity, a truncated cone-shaped cavity and a truncated cone-shaped cavity, the diameter of the circular opening of the cavity is 50-80 microns, and the height of the cavity is 30-50 microns.
In another preferred embodiment, the height of the solid circular truncated cone body is 200-.
In another preferred embodiment, the substrate is a planar substrate or a curved substrate.
In another preferred embodiment, the material of the composite structural unit is a metal material.
In another preferred embodiment, the material of the composite structural unit is an alloy material.
In another preferred embodiment, the surface micro-nano structure is applied to a low-temperature environment.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a preparation method of a micro-nano structure with a crater-shaped array comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: cleaning the surface of the substrate to obtain a clean substrate;
step two: dividing the substrate into a plurality of unit areas, wherein the unit areas comprise concentric circles of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the solid circular truncated cone body, and scanning and processing the areas except the circle of the upper bottom surface of the solid circular truncated cone body in the unit areas by adopting a laser to form the upper bottom surface of the solid circular truncated cone body;
step three: reducing the scanning processing speed of the laser, and scanning and processing the area except the circle of the lower bottom surface of the solid circular truncated cone body in a unit area by adopting the laser to form a table body of the solid circular truncated cone body;
step four: processing the circle center of the upper bottom surface of the formed solid circular truncated cone body by a laser at a single point to form a blind hole;
step five: repeating the second to fourth steps in each unit area to form a plurality of composite structural units on the substrate.
The invention has the advantages that
1. Adopt composite structure unit, the blind hole is seted up to last bottom surface on the solid round platform body, under the super-cooling environment, when placing the water droplet in the surface that has the micro-nano structure of volcano mouthful form array, the effect analysis that composite structure unit played is as follows: the composite structure unit has small upper surface area, can obviously reduce the contact area between solid and liquid on the surface and effectively prevent the infiltration of water drops so as to intercept certain air, and a closed air cavity is formed between the substrate material provided with the blind hole and the water drops, the air cavity has higher thermal resistance, and can effectively reduce the heat exchange efficiency between the surface and the solid and liquid of condensed water drops so as to ensure that the surface has strong anti-icing property; the combined action of the composite structure unit enables the processed surface to keep certain structural stability even after the processed surface is impacted by dynamic pressure, compared with the traditional structure unit with the super-hydrophobic characteristic, the micro-nano structure with the crateriform array has larger solid volume under the condition of same height and can bear larger tangential load and normal load, so that the micro-nano structure has stronger structural strength, and when the composite structure unit is impacted and damaged by more than mechanical load, the structure at the blind hole can be firstly damaged, and the whole structure of the solid circular truncated cone body cannot be directly stressed and broken; the combined action of the effects can prolong the icing time of the supercooled water on the micro-nano structure with the crater-shaped array, so that the micro-nano structure with the crater-shaped array has strong anti-icing performance, can be applied to a low-temperature environment, can be applied to a scene needing frost resistance, and has good mechanical stability and impact resistance at the same time, so that the micro-nano structure can be applied to an application scene with large vibration amplitude of a working environment and easy collision, for example, in a shell material of a cross-country vehicle, the mechanical stability and impact resistance of the material are integrally improved, the anti-icing performance of the material is also improved aiming at the low-temperature environment, and the good performance of the material in severe conditions is ensured.
2. The laser processing is adopted, so that the batch production can be realized, the automatic production can be realized, and the production efficiency is high; the production and processing parameters can set a unified standard, the production steps can specify the SOP, the production can realize standardization, finished products have the unified standard, and the quality is reliable; the substrate is not required to be directly contacted in the production process, non-contact processing can be realized, the substrate is not impacted, and the influence on the product quality caused by the contact in the production process is avoided; according to actual production requirements, the processing parameters of the laser can be accurately adjusted through a computer, different production requirements are met, and different markets and even customer requirements can be met.
The invention is further explained in detail with the accompanying drawings and the embodiments; however, the micro-nano structure with the crater-shaped array, the preparation method and the application thereof are not limited to the embodiment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art structure having superhydrophobic properties;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of portion A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of portion B of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a composite structural unit according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a laser scanning path of step two of the manufacturing method of the first embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a laser scanning path of step three of the manufacturing method of the first embodiment;
FIG. 8 is an SEM image of the surface structure of the first embodiment;
FIG. 9 is an SEM image of a composite structural element of the first embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a composite constitutional unit of the second embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a composite constitutional unit of a third embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of composite constitutional units according to the fourth embodiment.
Detailed Description
First embodiment, referring to fig. 3 to 5, a micro-nano structure with a crater-like array applied to a freeze-resistant scene according to the present invention, comprising a planar substrate 10 and a plurality of composite structural units distributed on said planar substrate 10, the plurality of composite structure units are distributed on the plane substrate 10 in a row-column matrix, the distance between adjacent composite structure units is 0, the composite structure unit is made of TC4 titanium alloy material and comprises a solid circular truncated cone body 21, the upper bottom surface of the solid round table body 21 is provided with a blind hole 22, the blind hole 22 comprises a cylindrical cavity 23 with a round opening, the diameter of the circular opening is 65 microns, the height of the cylindrical cavity 23 is 40 microns, the height of the solid circular truncated cone body 21 is 300 microns, the diameter of the lower bottom surface is 225 microns, and the diameter of the upper bottom surface is 90 microns.
Referring to fig. 6 to 9, the preparation method of the first embodiment includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: cleaning a planar substrate 10 made of TC4 titanium alloy, washing the surface of the planar substrate 10 with deionized water and ethanol in sequence, cleaning the washed planar substrate 10 in an ultrasonic cleaning machine for about 10 minutes, washing the planar substrate 10 with deionized water, and drying the planar substrate 10 after washing, specifically, drying the planar substrate 10 on a heating table at 50 ℃ to obtain a clean planar substrate 10.
Step two: processing the clean planar substrate 10 in the first step by using a nanosecond pulse laser with a wavelength of 355 nm and a power of 5 w, wherein a pulse width of the laser is less than 15 nsec, a repetition frequency of the laser is 150 khz, a scanning path of the laser is set by a computer, and is realized by controlling an X-Y galvanometer system through a signal provided by the computer, the planar substrate 10 is divided into a plurality of unit areas distributed in a matrix of rows and columns, the unit area used in the embodiment is a square grid, a unit area of a circle, a rectangle or other shapes can be used according to actual requirements, the unit area includes concentric circles of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the solid circular truncated cone body 21, the laser is used for scanning and processing the areas except the circle of the upper bottom surface of the solid circular truncated cone body 21 in the unit area, and a specific scanning path is shown in fig. 6, removing the periphery of the circle by using laser with the processing speed of 300 mm/s, wherein the processing frequency is 10 times, and a blank part in the drawing is a non-processing part to form the upper bottom surface of the solid circular truncated cone body 21;
step three: reducing the processing speed of the laser to 100 mm/s, scanning and processing the area except the circle of the lower bottom surface of the solid circular truncated cone body 21 in a unit area by adopting the laser, wherein a specific scanning path is shown in fig. 7, so that a truncated cone body of the solid circular truncated cone body 21 is formed, the processing speed of the laser is reduced, the thermal effect of the laser and the plane substrate 10 is increased, the periphery of the circular truncated cone is melted, and a smoother side surface is formed;
step four: processing the circle center of the upper bottom surface of the formed solid circular truncated cone body 21 by a laser in a single point manner to form a blind hole 22, namely a crater-shaped structure, wherein the depth of the blind hole 22 can be controlled by changing the processing times;
step five: repeating the second step to the fourth step in each unit area, thereby forming a plurality of composite structure units distributed in a matrix of rows and columns on the planar substrate 10;
step six: and (4) carrying out surface chemical component modification on the substrate prepared in the fifth step by using FAS-17/ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 2% at room temperature for 6 hours, and drying at room temperature to obtain the surface micro-nano structure with the crater-shaped array.
Referring to fig. 10, the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the second embodiment uses a cavity having a shape of an inverted truncated cone;
referring to fig. 11, the third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the third embodiment uses a truncated cone-shaped cavity;
referring to fig. 12, the difference between the fourth embodiment and the first embodiment is that the composite structural units of the fourth embodiment are distributed on the planar substrate in a staggered arrangement.
In the actual production process, the planar substrate can be secondarily processed into a curved substrate according to requirements, such as airplane wings, ship hull materials and the like, in an actual application scene, the substrate can be made of other materials besides the titanium alloy substrate, for example, in a scene with high requirements on heat dissipation performance, the substrate can be made of magnesium alloy; the performance requirement is not high, and the substrate can be made of aluminum alloy and zinc alloy under the condition of limited budget.
The above embodiments are only used to further illustrate the micro-nano structure with a crater-shaped array, and the preparation method and application thereof, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made according to the technical essence of the present invention to the above embodiments fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A micro-nano structure with a crater-shaped array is characterized in that: the composite structure unit comprises a base and a plurality of composite structure units distributed on the base, each composite structure unit comprises a solid circular truncated cone body, and a blind hole is formed in the upper bottom surface of each solid circular truncated cone body.
2. The micro-nano structure with the crater-shaped array according to claim 1, wherein the micro-nano structure comprises: the plurality of composite structure units are distributed on the substrate in a row-column matrix arrangement mode or a staggered arrangement mode.
3. The micro-nano structure with the crater-shaped array according to claim 2, wherein the micro-nano structure comprises: the pitch of adjacent composite structural units is 0.
4. The micro-nano structure with the crater-shaped array according to claim 1, wherein the micro-nano structure comprises: the blind hole comprises a cavity with a circular opening, the cavity is one or two or more of a cylindrical cavity, a truncated cone-shaped cavity and an inverted truncated cone-shaped cavity, the diameter of the circular opening of the cavity is 50-80 microns, and the height of the cavity is 30-50 microns.
5. The micro-nano structure with the crater-shaped array according to claim 1, wherein the micro-nano structure comprises: the height of the solid circular truncated cone body is 200-.
6. The micro-nano structure with the crater-shaped array according to claim 1, wherein the micro-nano structure comprises: the substrate is a planar substrate or a curved substrate.
7. The micro-nano structure with the crater-shaped array according to claim 1, wherein the micro-nano structure comprises: the composite structural unit is made of a metal material.
8. The micro-nano structure with the crater-shaped array according to claim 1, wherein the micro-nano structure comprises: the composite structural unit is made of alloy materials.
9. The micro-nano structure with the crater-shaped array according to claim 1, wherein the micro-nano structure comprises: the micro-nano structure is applied to a low-temperature environment.
10. A method for preparing a micro-nano structure with a crater-shaped array according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: cleaning the surface of the substrate to obtain a clean substrate;
step two: dividing the substrate into a plurality of unit areas, wherein the unit areas comprise concentric circles of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the solid circular truncated cone body, and scanning and processing the areas except the circle of the upper bottom surface of the solid circular truncated cone body in the unit areas by adopting a laser to form the upper bottom surface of the solid circular truncated cone body;
step three: reducing the scanning processing speed of the laser, and scanning and processing the area except the circle of the lower bottom surface of the solid circular truncated cone body in a unit area by adopting the laser to form a table body of the solid circular truncated cone body;
step four: processing the circle center of the upper bottom surface of the formed solid circular truncated cone body by a laser at a single point to form a blind hole;
step five: repeating the second to fourth steps in each unit area to form a plurality of composite structural units on the substrate.
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