CN113369989A - Variable-feed turning chip breaking method capable of being monitored in real time - Google Patents
Variable-feed turning chip breaking method capable of being monitored in real time Download PDFInfo
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- CN113369989A CN113369989A CN202110752972.6A CN202110752972A CN113369989A CN 113369989 A CN113369989 A CN 113369989A CN 202110752972 A CN202110752972 A CN 202110752972A CN 113369989 A CN113369989 A CN 113369989A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-adaptive turning chip breaking method capable of monitoring in real time, which takes chip breaking thickness W and chip breaking length L as control targets during turning processing of a numerical control machine tool, ensures that the thicknesses of chips obtained after cutting are inconsistent by selecting a pulse control function so as to achieve the purpose of chip breaking, simultaneously monitors the chip state in real time through an acoustic emission sensing module, modifies the pulse control function if a certain section in the cutting process does not reach the predicted chip breaking state, ensures that the chip breaking is finished, and records the data of the whole process. The acoustic emission sensing technology and the variable feed chip breaking method are utilized on the numerical control machine tool, a complex auxiliary device is not needed, the operation is simple and convenient, the economy is good, and the automation degree is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of numerical control machining, in particular to a self-adaptive turning chip breaking method capable of being monitored in real time.
Background
With the continuous development of scientific technology and social production, each field has higher and higher requirements on the quality and the automation degree of mechanical products, and the application of the numerical control machine tool in the current mechanical production field is of great importance. In the numerical control machining process, the generation of cutting scraps can cause hidden dangers of insufficient machining precision, workpiece damage, constructor injury and the like. The current methods for treating the chips mainly comprise: the front of the cutter is provided with a chip breaker, the shape of a main cutting edge is changed, a chip breaker is added, and the like. However, the above method has great limitations, specific solutions are often required to be made for different material parameters, and the chip breaking success rate cannot be guaranteed, even the service life of the tool is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a self-adaptive turning chip breaking method capable of monitoring in real time, which does not need a complex auxiliary device, is simple and convenient to operate, has good economical efficiency and has high automation degree.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a self-adaptive turning chip breaking method capable of being monitored in real time is characterized by comprising the following steps: when the numerical control machine tool is used for turning, the chip breaking thickness W and the chip breaking length L are taken as control targets, the thicknesses of chips obtained after cutting are inconsistent by selecting a pulse control function, so that the purpose of chip breaking is achieved, the chip state is monitored in real time through an acoustic emission sensing module, if a certain section in the cutting process does not reach the expected chip breaking state, the pulse control function is modified again, the chip breaking is ensured to be completed, and the data of the whole process are recorded.
The turning process is to complete the determination of various parameters, including the determination of workpiece material and tool parameters and the determination of the constant rotation speed of the main shaft.
Wherein the pulse control function
The pulse signal generating frequency and time are in a sine relationship, so that the feeding amount is changed, the thickness of the chips is inconsistent, and the chips are automatically fallen off in the high-speed rotating environment when the thickness is close to zero or minimum.
Wherein the chip breaking thickness W is determined by a pulse control function, W = ka
K is an influence factor, 0.5-0.9 is taken, and the length of the broken chip is as follows
The formula is determined such that,
is the cutting speed; t is the time for generating a chip; p is the pitch of the chip curl; d is the diameter of the coil in which the chips are curled;
is the deformation coefficient.
The acoustic emission sensing module is characterized in that an acoustic emission sensor is arranged on the workpiece clamping table, and whether chip breaking is formed or not is monitored by utilizing the relation between an emission signal and a signal generated in the chip forming process. If the chip breaking fails, the data is fed back to the numerical control system to change the pulse control function until the chip breaking is completed, and the data is recorded for later use.
The invention can solve the problems without complex auxiliary devices, can control the shape of the chip, is suitable for rough machining and semi-finishing of high-strength and high-toughness hard chip breaking materials, and has good chip breaking effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a graph of frequency of pulse signal generation as a function of time
FIG. 4 is a Z-axis position of a tool as a function of time
In the figure, 1 tool, 2 theoretical path of tool during machining, and 3 chip breaking.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the figures and examples.
The invention can be applied to a turning mode, aims at the machining materials with higher chip breaking difficulty and longer chip breaking length and easily generates the machining materials, and aims at achieving the preset target by changing the feed amount of the cutter from the chip breaking size. Fig. 1 shows a flow of an embodiment of the present invention.
The method comprises the following steps: determining the material of the workpiece to be machined, and selecting proper cutter parameters according to the material.
Step two: determining the rotation speed of the main shaft, setting the chip breaking length L and the chip breaking thickness W, and selecting an initial pulse signal control function. Wherein the frequency of the pulse signal generation is sinusoidal with respect to time.
Step three: and writing a variable-feed cutting code of the numerical control machine tool according to the conditions, and importing the variable-feed cutting code into the machine tool.
Step four: and taking the experimental workpiece, and performing trial cutting processing. The acoustic emission sensing module starts to work, and formal cutting machining can be carried out if the chip breaking is normal; and if the chip breaking is unsuccessful, returning to the step two, and changing the pulse signal control function until the preset standard chip breaking is generated. And recording the modified data, so that the next time of processing the workpiece can be directly called.
Fig. 2 illustrates the basic principle of an embodiment of the present invention. When the numerical control machine tool is used for turning, the generation frequency of the selected pulse signal is shown in fig. 3, the frequency and the time are in a sine relationship, a variable feed program is introduced into a numerical control system, the main shaft rotates at a constant rotating speed, and the change relationship of the cutter on the Z axis is shown in fig. 4. The thickness of the chip is changed continuously, and when the thickness is close to zero or equal to zero under the condition of high-speed rotation, the chip is automatically broken to form the chip breaking as shown in figure 2.
The invention is not the best known technology.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A self-adaptive turning chip breaking method capable of being monitored in real time is characterized by comprising the following steps: when the numerical control machine tool is used for turning, the chip breaking thickness W and the chip breaking length L are taken as control targets, the change of the instantaneous feed amount of the tool is achieved by changing a pulse control function, the thicknesses of chips obtained after cutting are inconsistent, and therefore the purpose of chip breaking is achieved, and meanwhile, an acoustic emission sensor is installed at the rear end of a tool rest to monitor the chip state in real time.
2. The adaptive turning chip breaking method capable of being monitored in real time according to claim 1, wherein the adaptive turning chip breaking method comprises the following steps: the turning process should complete the determination of various parameters, including the determination of workpiece material and tool parameters, and the determination of the constant rotation speed of the spindle.
3. The adaptive turning chip breaking method capable of being monitored in real time according to claim 1, wherein the adaptive turning chip breaking method comprises the following steps: the pulse control function is that the pulse signal generation frequency and the time form a sine relationship, thereby changing the feeding amount, leading the thickness of the cutting chip to be inconsistent and leading the thickness to be close to zero or minimum and to be automatically dropped under the environment of high-speed rotation.
4. The adaptive turning chip breaking method capable of being monitored in real time according to claim 1, wherein the adaptive turning chip breaking method comprises the following steps: the chip breaking thickness W is determined by a pulse control function, W = ka, k is an influence factor, 0.5-0.9 is taken, and the chip breaking length is determined by a formula and is a cutting speed; t is the time for generating a chip; p is the pitch of the chip curl; d is the diameter of the coil in which the chips are curled; is the deformation coefficient.
5. The adaptive turning chip breaking method capable of being monitored in real time according to claim 1, wherein the adaptive turning chip breaking method comprises the following steps: the acoustic emission sensing module is characterized in that an acoustic emission sensor is arranged on a workpiece clamping table, a relation between an emission signal and a signal generated in a chip forming process is utilized, whether a chip breaking is formed or not is monitored, if the chip breaking fails, a pulse control function is fed back to a numerical control system to change until the chip breaking is finished, data is recorded, and the data is called when the same condition is met next time.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110752972.6A CN113369989A (en) | 2021-07-02 | 2021-07-02 | Variable-feed turning chip breaking method capable of being monitored in real time |
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| CN202110752972.6A CN113369989A (en) | 2021-07-02 | 2021-07-02 | Variable-feed turning chip breaking method capable of being monitored in real time |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114153179A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-03-08 | 上海维宏电子科技股份有限公司 | Method, device, processor and storage medium for realizing finish turning chip breaking control processing for thread machining in numerical control system |
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2021
- 2021-07-02 CN CN202110752972.6A patent/CN113369989A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114153179A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-03-08 | 上海维宏电子科技股份有限公司 | Method, device, processor and storage medium for realizing finish turning chip breaking control processing for thread machining in numerical control system |
| CN114153179B (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2024-05-31 | 上海维宏电子科技股份有限公司 | Method for realizing fine turning chip breaking control treatment aiming at thread machining in numerical control system |
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