CN113363534B - Fuel cell atomizing and humidifying system and humidifying method thereof - Google Patents

Fuel cell atomizing and humidifying system and humidifying method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113363534B
CN113363534B CN202110769173.XA CN202110769173A CN113363534B CN 113363534 B CN113363534 B CN 113363534B CN 202110769173 A CN202110769173 A CN 202110769173A CN 113363534 B CN113363534 B CN 113363534B
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atomization
water
heat exchanger
fuel cell
humidifier
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CN113363534A (en
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高鹏
董义文
刘艳喜
付斌
李明磊
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Dalian Rigor New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Dalian Rigor New Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04126Humidifying
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029Heat exchange using liquids
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and discloses a fuel cell atomization humidification system and a humidification method thereof. The humidified reaction gas can reach a certain set dew point temperature, the system uses a high-pressure pump to lead hot water to form tiny liquid drops through an atomization nozzle, the tiny liquid drops are mixed with gas to be humidified, the mixed gas reaches the required dew point temperature after being heated by a heat exchanger, and the humidified reaction gas is used by a fuel cell stack. The invention can solve the problem that the humidification of the reactant gas with larger gas quantity is difficult to provide, skillfully utilizes the conventional device structure to humidify the reactant gas with large gas quantity, has good economy, solves the problem of the humidification of the reactant gas of the high-power fuel cell stack, and ensures the operation of the high-power fuel cell stack.

Description

Fuel cell atomizing and humidifying system and humidifying method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a fuel cell atomization humidification system and a humidification method thereof.
Background
The fuel cell is a clean, efficient and long-life power generation device. Compared with the conventional power generation technology, the fuel cell has great advantages in the aspects of efficiency, safety, reliability, flexibility, cleanliness, operation performance and the like, and has very broad application prospect. As one of the fuel cells, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell has the advantages of low operation temperature, high specific energy, long service life, high response speed, no electrolyte leakage and the like, and has good application prospect in the aspects of national defense, energy, traffic, environmental protection, communication and the like. Humidity control of the cathode inlet (air) is one of the most important links in the operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. On the one hand, if the air humidity is too low, the proton exchange membrane can be dehydrated or dried up, the proton conduction capacity of the membrane is closely related to the water content (wetting state) of the membrane, when the membrane is in a good wetting state, the membrane has high proton conduction capacity, the drying up of the membrane can lead to the reduction of the proton conduction capacity, the increase of the membrane resistance, the increase of ohmic loss and the reduction of the battery performance; meanwhile, the mechanical strength is reduced, and the membrane is broken when serious, so that the hydrogen and the oxygen are mixed and explosion occurs. On the other hand, if the air humidity is too high, excessive water accumulation in the battery can be caused, so that the catalyst in the electrode is pickled by water, the reactivity is reduced, and a gas-liquid two-phase flow can be formed in the flow channel and the diffusion layer, so that partial blockage is caused, the gas mass transfer process is blocked, the supply of the reaction gas is insufficient, the output performance of the fuel cell is reduced, and the operation of the battery is influenced. Therefore, humidity control of the fuel cell reactant gases, particularly air humidity control, is critical in proton exchange membrane fuel cell operation, and is one of the important control links.
In current practice, humidifiers for humidifying fuel cell intake air are mainly: a membrane humidifier for humidifying the gas by diffusion of moisture in the membrane; an enthalpy wheel humidifier for humidifying through an enthalpy wheel; heating and humidifying, wherein the reaction gas passes through a bubbler, and humidifying control, also called bubbling and humidifying, is performed by controlling the water temperature of the bubbler.
The membrane humidifier has the characteristics of compact structure, low pressure drop and the like, and the typical structure of the membrane humidifier comprises a wet plate, a polymer membrane, a diffusion layer and a dry plate, wherein a flow channel on the dry plate is used for circulating and humidifying dry gas, and a humidifying channel is arranged on the wet plate. The membrane material is water permeable but impermeable, and has one side in contact with the wet plate and the other side being a diffusion layer made of an elastic, electrically conductive, breathable material. However, membrane humidifiers have sealing and pressure bearing problems because the polymer membrane swells in water, and repeated swelling-shrinking of the membrane between dry-wet conditions can result in detachment from the sealing surface, thus leakage occurs; in addition, the polymer film is an organic material, is easy to deform, has poor pressure resistance, and can be broken under the action of air pressure in the use process.
The enthalpy wheel humidifies and absorbs water from one side through the water absorbing material on the rotating wheel to heat, and the other side releases moisture and releases heat to achieve the effect of humidifying the reaction gas; the defects are that a motor is required to drive, electric energy is consumed, sealing is not easy to realize, and the like.
The heating and humidifying step is to humidify the reaction gas by a water temperature control bubbler, which is also called bubbling humidification; the bubbler is a container filled with liquid water and glass beads at the bottom, the air inlet is directly led to the bottom of the container through a straight pipe, contacts with small balls capable of increasing the evaporation area, and finally discharges nearly saturated gas through another pipeline on the liquid surface. The humidifying method has the advantages that the equipment structure is simple, the process is simple and convenient, and high humidity can be obtained at a low flow rate; the disadvantage is that the temperature and humidity are difficult to control accurately, when the battery is started up quickly and the active load changes suddenly and greatly, the humidification cannot respond synchronously with the battery in time, in addition, at a large flow rate, the gas bubbles through the water container and brings out excessive liquid water, so that the liquid water at the outlet of the water container is accumulated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention provides a fuel cell atomization humidification system and a humidification method thereof, the humidified reaction gas can reach a certain set dew point temperature, the humidification system uses a high-pressure pump to pressurize hot water and then forms tiny liquid drops through an atomization nozzle to be mixed with gas to be humidified, the mixed gas is heated by a heat exchanger and then reaches the required dew point temperature, and the humidified reaction gas is used by a fuel cell stack.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the method comprises the steps that reaction gas to be humidified enters an atomization humidifier and an atomization nozzle through a reaction gas inlet, atomized hot water and the reaction gas are mixed and then heated and evaporated through a heat exchanger to reach a set dew point temperature, and the mixture is monitored by a humidity sensor and a pressure sensor and then enters a fuel cell stack for use; the atomized hot water is pressurized by a deionized water source through a switch valve B through a booster pump to reach the use pressure of an atomizing nozzle, and then is heated to a set temperature through a heater B; monitoring by a temperature sensor B, entering an atomization nozzle for atomization after passing through a check valve, and then mixing with reaction gas; the residual hot water after mixing is evaporated for the second time through a heat exchanger; the rest water can enter the booster pump through the drain tank to enter the atomizing nozzle again.
Further, the evaporation heat for providing reactant gas humidification for the heat exchanger in the atomization humidifier is derived from hot water provided by a set of circulating water pipeline, the deionized water source supplements water for the circulating water pump through the switch valve A, the circulating water pump provides power for the circulating water, the circulating water passes through the heater A, is heated to a set temperature, is monitored by the temperature sensor A and enters the heat exchanger in the atomization humidifier, provides vaporization latent heat for the reactant gas humidification, and then returns to the circulating pump to complete a circulating process; the expansion water tank is used for removing air in the circulating water pipeline and ensuring that the pipeline is filled with water.
The fuel cell atomizing and humidifying system has reaction gas inlet connected to the atomizing humidifier, atomizing nozzle in the upper part of the atomizing humidifier, heat exchanger inside the atomizing humidifier, humidity sensor and pressure sensor in the outlet of the atomizing humidifier, and atomizing humidifier connected via pipeline to the fuel cell stack;
further, the booster pump is connected with the heater B and the check valve through pipelines, is connected with the atomizing nozzle, is provided with the temperature sensor B, and is then connected with the heat exchanger in the atomizing humidifier, the drain tank at the lower part of the atomizing humidifier and the booster pump through pipelines to form a closed cycle, and is connected with the deionized water source through the switch valve B before the booster pump;
furthermore, a heat exchanger in the atomization humidifier is connected with a circulating water pump and a heater A through pipelines to form a closed cycle, a temperature sensor A and an expansion water tank are arranged on the pipelines, and the pipeline is connected with a deionized water source through a switch valve A before the circulating water pump.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The invention can solve the problem that the humidification of the reactant gas with larger gas quantity is difficult to provide;
2) The invention can humidify the large-capacity reaction gas by using the conventional device structure, and has good economy.
3) The invention solves the problem of humidification of the reactor gas of the high-power fuel cell stack and ensures the operation of the high-power fuel cell stack.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a fuel cell atomizing humidification system apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a 100kw fuel cell stack reactant gas dew point plot.
In the figure: 1. reactant gas inlet, 2, atomizing humidifier, 3, atomizing nozzle, 4, pressure sensor, 5, humidity sensor, 6, fuel cell stack, 7, heat exchanger, 8, deionized water source, 9, switching valve A,10, switching valve B,11, circulating pump, 12, expansion tank, 13, heater A,14, temperature sensor A,15, drain tank, 16, booster pump, 17, heater B,18, check valve, 19, temperature sensor B.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the present invention are all conventional methods, and all experimental equipment, materials, reagents, etc. used can be obtained from commercial sources.
Example 1
The reaction gas inlet 1 is connected with the atomization humidifier 2, the atomization nozzle 3 is arranged at the upper part of the atomization humidifier 2, the heat exchanger 7 is arranged in the atomization humidifier 2, the humidity sensor 5 and the pressure sensor 4 are arranged at the outlet of the atomization humidifier 2, and the atomization humidifier 2 is connected with the fuel cell stack 6 through a pipeline;
the booster pump 16 is connected with the heater B17, a temperature sensor B19 and a check valve 18 are sequentially arranged on a pipeline and then connected with the atomizing nozzle 3, then the atomized humidifier enters the heat exchanger 7 in the atomizing humidifier 2, and then the atomized humidifier is connected with the booster pump 16 through a water drain tank 15 to form a closed cycle, and the closed cycle is connected with the deionized water source 8 through the switch valve B10 before the booster pump 16;
the heat exchanger 7 inside the atomization humidifier 2 is connected with the circulating water pump 11 and the heater A13 through pipelines to form a closed cycle, a temperature sensor A14 and an expansion water tank 12 are arranged on the pipelines, and the pipeline is connected with the deionized water source 8 through a switch valve A9 before the circulating water pump 11.
Example 2
Taking a 100kW fuel cell stack as an example, reactant gas (such as air) to be humidified enters an atomization humidifier 2 and an atomization nozzle 3 through a reactant gas inlet 1, the atomization nozzle 3 is arranged at the upper part of the atomization humidifier 2, atomized hot water and the reactant gas are mixed and heated and evaporated by a heat exchanger 7 to reach a set dew point temperature, for example, 8000slpm of air reaches a dew point temperature of 85 ℃, at the moment, the working pressure is 0.5barg, and the reactant gas is monitored by a humidity sensor 5 and a pressure sensor 4 and then enters a fuel cell stack 6 for use; atomized hot water provided for the atomization and humidification of the reaction gas is pressurized by a deionized water source 8 through a switch valve B10 through a booster pump 16 to reach the use pressure of an atomization nozzle 3, and then is heated to a certain set temperature through a heater B17; monitored by a temperature sensor B19, enters an atomizing nozzle 3 for atomization after passing through a check valve 18, and is then mixed with the reaction gas; the rest hot water is evaporated for the second time through the heat exchanger 7 after being mixed; the remaining water may enter the booster pump 16 through the drain tank 15 and re-enter the atomizing nozzle 3.
The evaporation heat for humidifying the reaction gas provided by the heat exchanger 7 in the atomization humidifier 2 is derived from hot water provided by a set of circulating water pipeline, the deionized water source 8 supplements water for the circulating water pump 11 through the switch valve A9, the circulating water pump 11 provides power for the circulating water, the circulating water is heated to a certain set temperature through the heater A13, and enters the heat exchanger 7 in the atomization humidifier 2 after being monitored by the temperature sensor A14, so as to provide vaporization latent heat for humidifying the reaction gas, and then returns to the circulating pump 11 to complete a circulating process; wherein the expansion tank 12 is used for removing air in the circulating water pipeline and ensuring that the pipeline is filled with water.
The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments of the invention are possible. Any obvious modifications thereof, which would be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, should be considered to be included within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (1)

1. The fuel cell atomization humidification system is characterized in that a reaction gas inlet (1) is connected with an atomization humidifier (2), an atomization nozzle (3) is arranged at the upper part of the atomization humidifier (2), a heat exchanger (7) is arranged in the atomization humidifier (2), a humidity sensor (5) and a pressure sensor (4) are arranged at the outlet of the atomization humidifier (2), and the atomization humidifier (2) is connected with a fuel cell stack (6) through a pipeline;
the booster pump (16) is connected with the heater B (17), a temperature sensor B (19) and a check valve (18) are sequentially arranged on a pipeline and then connected with the atomizing nozzle (3), then the pipeline enters the heat exchanger (7) in the atomizing humidifier (2), and then the pipeline is connected with the booster pump (16) through the drain tank (15) to form a closed cycle, and the pipeline is connected with the deionized water source (8) through the switch valve B (10) before the booster pump (16);
the heat exchanger (7) inside the atomization humidifier (2) is connected with the circulating water pump (11) and the heater A (13) through pipelines to form a closed cycle, a temperature sensor A (14) and an expansion water tank (12) are arranged on the pipelines, and the heat exchanger is connected with the deionized water source (8) through a switch valve A (9) before the circulating water pump (11);
the humidifying method comprises the following steps: the reaction gas to be humidified enters an atomization humidifier (2) and an atomization nozzle (3) through a reaction gas inlet (1), atomized hot water and the reaction gas are mixed and heated and evaporated by a heat exchanger (7) to reach a set dew point temperature, and the mixture is monitored by a humidity sensor (5) and a pressure sensor (4) and then enters a fuel cell stack (6) for use; the atomized hot water is pressurized by a deionized water source (8) through a switch valve B (10) through a booster pump (16) to reach the use pressure of an atomizing nozzle (3), and then is heated to a set temperature through a heater B (17); the gas is monitored by a temperature sensor B (19), enters an atomization nozzle (3) for atomization after passing through a check valve (18), and is mixed with the reaction gas; the rest hot water after mixing is evaporated for the second time through a heat exchanger (7); the rest water can enter the booster pump (16) through the drain tank (15) and enter the atomizing nozzle (3) again;
the evaporation heat of the reaction gas humidification provided by the heat exchanger (7) in the atomization humidifier (2) is derived from hot water provided by a set of circulating water pipeline, the deionized water source (8) supplements water for the circulating water pump (11) through the switch valve A (9), the circulating water pump (11) provides power of the circulating water, the circulating water is heated to a set temperature through the heater A (13) and then enters the heat exchanger (7) in the atomization humidifier (2) after being monitored by the temperature sensor A (14), so as to provide vaporization latent heat for the reaction gas humidification, and then the circulating water returns to the circulating water pump (11) to complete a circulating process; wherein the expansion water tank (12) is used for removing air in the circulating water pipeline and ensuring that the pipeline is filled with water.
CN202110769173.XA 2021-07-07 2021-07-07 Fuel cell atomizing and humidifying system and humidifying method thereof Active CN113363534B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114023998B (en) * 2021-11-04 2023-06-23 大连擎研科技有限公司 Humidification system of fuel cell test bench
CN114142059B (en) * 2021-11-29 2024-02-27 大连锐格新能源科技有限公司 Humidification system of fuel cell engine and control method thereof

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CN102324537A (en) * 2011-08-31 2012-01-18 上海尧豫实业有限公司 Humidification system of fuel cell
CN110911713A (en) * 2019-12-26 2020-03-24 大连锐格新能源科技有限公司 Aeration humidifying device for high-power fuel cell
CN111640968A (en) * 2020-06-19 2020-09-08 电子科技大学 Bubbling and spraying combined humidifier and fuel cell humidification system used for same
CN112786925A (en) * 2021-01-28 2021-05-11 上海电气集团股份有限公司 Heating and humidifying simulation system for hydrogen cavity of fuel cell stack
CN215496806U (en) * 2021-07-07 2022-01-11 大连锐格新能源科技有限公司 Fuel cell atomizing humidification system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102324537A (en) * 2011-08-31 2012-01-18 上海尧豫实业有限公司 Humidification system of fuel cell
CN110911713A (en) * 2019-12-26 2020-03-24 大连锐格新能源科技有限公司 Aeration humidifying device for high-power fuel cell
CN111640968A (en) * 2020-06-19 2020-09-08 电子科技大学 Bubbling and spraying combined humidifier and fuel cell humidification system used for same
CN112786925A (en) * 2021-01-28 2021-05-11 上海电气集团股份有限公司 Heating and humidifying simulation system for hydrogen cavity of fuel cell stack
CN215496806U (en) * 2021-07-07 2022-01-11 大连锐格新能源科技有限公司 Fuel cell atomizing humidification system

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