CN113357667B - Laser absorption spectrum combustion diagnosis method for turbulence flame time-average characteristic - Google Patents
Laser absorption spectrum combustion diagnosis method for turbulence flame time-average characteristic Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a turbulent flame time-averaged characteristic laser absorption spectrum combustion diagnosis method, which acquires time-averaged signals of a specific time length for turbulent flames, considers the influence caused by turbulent pulsation, and performs corresponding correction in a data processing stage, so that accurate time-averaged absorption spectrum signals are obtained, reliable turbulent flame time-averaged characteristic information is further inverted, and the accuracy of measuring the turbulent flames by using laser absorption spectra is effectively improved. The invention establishes the relation between the correction of the turbulence of the absorbance and the turbulence pulsation by considering the influence caused by the turbulence pulsation in the turbulence flame, can solve the corresponding pulsation amplitude while solving the parameters of temperature, concentration and pressure, can obtain more accurate and more comprehensive measurement data of the turbulence flame, and simultaneously has no obvious difference in post-treatment speed compared with the prior scheme because the turbulence correction table can be constructed in advance and can be repeatedly used, and the scheme of the invention can be adopted for the influence of general turbulence flow and turbulence in the atmospheric layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of combustion diagnosis, in particular to a laser absorption spectrum combustion diagnosis method for turbulent flame time-averaged characteristics.
Background
Turbulent flames are the most common combustion process in energy-powered devices of daily life, transportation, industrial production, aerospace and the like, and the process is often accompanied by complex chemical reactions, heat and mass transfer and fluid transportation phenomena. The reliable and accurate measurement of the turbulent flame has important scientific significance and engineering value. With the continuous development of scientific requirements and sensor technologies, the laser absorption spectroscopy technology is widely applied in the field of combustion diagnosis in the last four decades by virtue of numerous advantages of non-contact, calibration-free, fast response, low measurement cost, easy integration and the like, and a large number of absorption spectroscopy combustion diagnosis technologies are generated up to now. The laser absorption spectrum at the present stage is well applied to the combustion chemical reaction kinetics of a shock tube and laminar flow axisymmetric flame, and the measurement accuracy and the reliability are high. However, for turbulent flames, due to their strong instability in space and time, it is still difficult to achieve accurate measurement based on laser absorption spectroscopy. No patented technology currently proposes a reliable solution for the turbulent combustion process.
According to the existing absorption spectrum combustion diagnosis technology, if a non-uniform turbulent combustion field is measured by combining methods such as tomography and the like, for example, a combustion optimization control method based on a multi-spectral absorption spectrum tomography technology, which is proposed by the Chinese patent of invention (CN107906555A), it is still difficult to accurately and quantitatively measure turbulent flame. The reason is that the tomography needs to acquire the absorption spectrum information of different directions at the same time, and according to the current technology, at least 6 directions of absorption spectrum signals need to be analyzed by spatial resolution precision below millimeter (mm) level and time response speed above kHz. According to the scheme, on one hand, the hardware cost is extremely high, and on the other hand, massive data storage, reading and post-processing bring many difficulties for rapid detection of the combustion field. To address this problem, the current scientific community generally adopts a scheme that multiple data acquisitions are performed within a short time and averaged, assuming that the turbulent flame is in a quasi-steady state and is in a quasi-steady state within the time periodAxial symmetry to allow reconstruction using one-dimensional chromatographic absorption spectroscopy techniques to obtain time-averaged temperature and component concentration information for turbulent flames, such as journal papers (c.wei, d.i.pineda, l.paxton, f.n.egolfopoulos, r.m.spearin, Mid-associated laser absorption morphology for qualitative 2D thermal chemistry measurements in pre-mixed jet flames, applied Physics b.124(2018) 123) and journal papers (f.a. brand, i.c. sanders, j.j.castillo, c.g).
Schemes adopted by D.I.Pineda, R.M.Spearrin, In-situ thermal analysis of hybrid fuel oxidation kinetic of CO, CO2, and H2O, Experiments In fluids.61(2020)190.), etc. However, the quasi-steady-state assumption and the axisymmetric assumption of this scheme are not true in practice, and since the line intensity is a nonlinear function of temperature, theoretically, the arithmetic mean cannot eliminate the influence of turbulence pulsation, neglects the influence of the turbulence pulsation on the absorption spectrum signal, and inevitably introduces errors in the measurement result.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a turbulent flame time-averaged characteristic laser absorption spectrum combustion diagnosis method, which acquires time-averaged signals of turbulent flames for a long time and takes the influence caused by turbulent pulsation into consideration, and performs corresponding correction in a data processing stage, so that accurate time-averaged absorption spectrum signals are obtained, reliable time-averaged characteristic information of turbulent flames is further inverted, the accuracy of measuring turbulent flames by using laser absorption spectra is effectively improved, and the problems in the background art are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a laser absorption spectrum combustion diagnosis method for turbulent flame time-averaged characteristics comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting an absorption spectral line with the absorption degree within the range of 0.05-2.3 according to the target gas, simulating turbulence pulsation on the selected absorption spectral line to obtain the corresponding absorption degree or the pulsation magnitude of line intensity under the condition of different degrees of temperature, component concentration and pressure parameter pulsation, and performing table building and recording;
s2, collecting time-averaged absorption spectrum signals at different positions of turbulent flame;
and S3, correcting the acquired time-average absorption spectrum signals and inverting the combustion information.
Preferably, the step S2 of acquiring time-averaged absorption spectrum signals at different positions of the turbulent flame specifically includes: when the turbulent flame is time-average axisymmetric flame, time-average signal acquisition is carried out along the radial direction according to a one-dimensional chromatography method; when the turbulent flame is not axisymmetric flame, the time-averaged signal acquisition is carried out along different directions and different positions according to a two-dimensional chromatography method.
Preferably, the time-averaged absorption spectrum signal is acquired in such a way that the turbulent flame characteristic is required to be stable in time within the acquisition time, and the acquisition time length is determined according to the Reynolds number and the turbulence degree of the turbulent flame.
Preferably, the acquisition time is 0.01-1200 s as the acquisition time of single position data.
Preferably, the step S3 of correcting the acquired time-averaged absorption spectrum signal and inverting the combustion information specifically includes: considering the influence caused by turbulence pulsation, correcting the turbulence pulsation on the acquired time-averaged absorption spectrum signals by using the table building data in the step S1 to obtain accurate time-averaged absorption spectrum signals, and further performing inversion to obtain reliable time-averaged characteristic information of turbulence flame, wherein a common optimization expression of turbulence correction and inversion solution is as follows:
wherein min f () represents solving corresponding variables to minimize the value of the function f (), i is the serial number of a spectral line, v is a wavelength or a wave number, alpha is an absorbance, exp represents a time-averaged signal measured by an experiment, fluct represents turbulence correction including turbulence pulsation correction and pulsation correlation correction, sim represents the correction of turbulence pulsation and pulsation correlation obtained by spectral calculation under certain temperature, concentration and pressure parametersTheoretical value of absorbance, T is time-average temperature, X is time-average component concentration, P is time-average pressure, ITIntensity of turbulence at temperature T, IXTurbulence intensity as component concentration X, IPThe turbulence intensity of the pressure P.
Preferably, the modification means: under different turbulence intensities, correcting time-averaged absorption spectrum signals according to the difference value of the time-averaged linear intensity and a theoretical value by an instant linear intensity correction term, wherein the larger the turbulence intensity is, the larger the correction amplitude is, and the zero the turbulence intensity is, the correction is not needed.
Preferably, the correction further includes correlation correction, specifically, the correction includes: not only the influence of the temperature pulsation on the line intensity, but also the influence of the synchronous pulsation of the temperature and the component concentration on the absorbance, namely, correlation correction, is considered, and the larger the turbulence intensity is, the larger the correlation correction amplitude is.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the invention, the influence caused by turbulence pulsation in turbulent flame is considered, the relation between the absorbance turbulence correction and the turbulence pulsation is established, and the corresponding pulsation amplitude can be solved while parameters such as temperature, concentration and pressure are solved, so that more accurate and more comprehensive turbulence flame time average measurement data can be obtained;
2) compared with the existing method, the method does not need to increase hardware with higher performance index, only needs to perform corresponding time-averaged measurement and correction, is compatible with the current chromatographic absorption spectrum technology, a double-line temperature measurement method and a multi-line temperature measurement method, and is simple and efficient;
3) according to the invention, only the time-averaged absorption spectrum of turbulent flame needs to be acquired during data acquisition, so that the final data volume is not increased, and meanwhile, the turbulence correction building table can be built in advance and can be reused, so that the post-processing speed is not obviously different from that of the conventional scheme;
4) the principle of the invention has wide application prospect, is not limited to the measurement of turbulent flame, and can be used for the general turbulent flow and the influence of the turbulent flow in the atmosphere, so that the corresponding absorption spectrum measurement becomes more accurate and reliable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of pulse introduction on the intensity measurement of the time-averaged absorption line in an ideal homogeneous combustion field, and FIG. 1(a) is a graph showing that the center wave number is 4029.524cm-1The time-averaged intensity of the absorption peaks under different degrees of temperature pulsation is shown in FIG. 1(b) as the central wavenumber of 4030.728cm-1The time-average linear intensity of absorption peaks under different degrees of temperature pulsation is strong;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of turbulent pulsation correction and pulsation correlation correction tabulation of typical absorption spectrum line intensity, and FIG. 2(a1) is a diagram of central wave number 4029.524cm-1The time-average line intensity correction term of the absorption line under different degrees of temperature pulsation is shown in FIG. 2(a2) with the central wave number of 4029.524cm-1The time-average strong-component concentration dependence correction term of the absorption line under different degrees of turbulence pulsation, FIG. 2(b1) is that the central wave number is 4030.728cm-1The time-average line intensity correction term of the absorption line under different degrees of temperature pulsation is shown in FIG. 2(b2) with the central wave number of 4030.728cm-1The time-average line strong-component concentration dependency correction term of the absorption spectrum line under different degrees of turbulence pulsation.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison of the results of the present invention for an ideal homogeneous pulse combustion field with the conventional method, FIG. 3(a) is the temperature results, and FIG. 3(b) is the relative error of the results obtained by the different methods compared to the preset values.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a typical heat trace turbulent jet flame.
FIG. 5 is a graph of experimental measurements of the present invention for a heat tracing turbulent jet flame compared to conventional methods, FIG. 5(a) is a temperature measurement, and FIG. 5(b) is H2O volume concentration measurement.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to figures 1-5 of the drawings,the present example was analyzed using measurements of heat tracing turbulent jet flame. This example selected 4029.524cm according to the practice of the present invention-1、4030.728cm-1As a measurement line. First, a simulation of turbulence pulsation is performed on the selected absorption lines. As an illustration, FIG. 1 shows the effect on the intensity of the mean time line after the introduction of pulsations of different intensities in an ideal homogeneous combustion field, where FIG. 1(a) shows the central wavenumber of 4029.524cm-1The time-averaged intensity of the absorption peaks under different degrees of temperature pulsation is shown in FIG. 1(b) as the central wavenumber of 4030.728cm-1The absorption peak is strong in time-average line under different degrees of temperature pulsation. It can be seen that the larger the turbulence intensity is, the larger the amplitude of the time-averaged linear intensity from the theoretical value is, and the influence of turbulence pulsation on the time-averaged absorption spectrum signal is proved. Further, the difference between the time-averaged linear intensity and the theoretical value, i.e., the time-averaged linear intensity correction term, at different turbulence intensities was calculated and tabulated, as shown in FIG. 2, where FIG. 2(a1) shows the center wave number of 4029.524cm-1The time-average line intensity correction term of the absorption line under different degrees of temperature pulsation is shown in FIG. 2(a2) with the central wave number of 4029.524cm-1The time-average strong-component concentration dependence correction term of the absorption line under different degrees of turbulence pulsation, FIG. 2(b1) is that the central wave number is 4030.728cm-1The time-average line intensity correction term of the absorption line under different degrees of temperature pulsation is shown in FIG. 2(b2) with the central wave number of 4030.728cm-1The time-average line strong-component concentration dependency correction term of the absorption spectrum line under different degrees of turbulence pulsation. It can be seen that when the turbulence intensity is zero, no correction is needed, and the larger the turbulence intensity is, the larger the correction amplitude is. In addition, in addition to considering the influence of the temperature pulsation on the line intensity, it is necessary to consider the influence of the temperature-synchronized pulsation with the component concentration on the absorbance, i.e., the correlation correction term. Similar to the time-averaged line intensity correction term, the greater the turbulence intensity, the greater the magnitude of the correlation correction. After the table is built, it is worth noting that such table only needs to be calculated once, and when the absorption spectrum line is selected again for experiment, the table can be directly called without repeated calculation.
Fig. 3 shows the effect of the invention in an ideal case, fig. 3(a) is the temperature result and fig. 3(b) is the relative error of the results obtained with the different methods compared to the preset values. By introducing pulsation (gaussian random pulsation with the component concentration set to the mean value of 0.18, and pulsation intensity of both temperature and component concentration of 0.25) into ideal homogeneous combustion fields of different temperatures, measurement of temperature, component concentration and pulsation intensity was performed using the conventional bilinear method and the present invention. It can be seen that the invention considers the influence of turbulence pulsation, can correctly measure the temperature value, and basically accords with the preset value; the traditional bilinear method has different deviations at different temperatures, and the maximum deviation can reach 22%. Besides, the pulsation intensity obtained by the invention is 0.249, which is very close to the preset value.
After the above-mentioned construction and numerical verification are completed, the heat tracing turbulent jet flame shown in FIG. 4 is measured by the present invention, and the results are shown in FIG. 5, in which FIG. 5(a) is the temperature measurement result and FIG. 5(b) is H2O volume concentration measurement. The results in fig. 5 are obtained with a tuned frequency of 2kHz at each radial position of the turbulent flame sampled for 30s and averaged, followed by the turbulence correction and tomographic reconstruction proposed by the present invention. In order to compare the difference between the present invention and the conventional bilinear method, thermocouple measurement results and CFD numerical simulation results are added in fig. 5. Since the thermal wake turbulence jet flame is a standard flame in the field of combustion research, the CFD numerical simulation result can accurately reproduce the flame characteristics. The comparison of the thermocouple measurements with the CFD numerical simulation shows that the temperature of the CFD numerical simulation is reliable, so that H2The results of the simulation of the O volume concentration are also reliable. As can be seen from fig. 5(a), the results obtained by the conventional bilinear method are very different from those obtained by thermocouple and CFD simulation, especially near the position where r is 0mm and the flame edge, where the turbulence is very large, and if the influence of turbulence pulsation is not considered, a large error will be generated. After the method is adopted, the table building in the previous step is utilized for correction, the obtained result is obviously improved, and the measurement results of the flame center and edge areas are closer to the results of the thermocouple and the CFD. At the same time, H2The measurement of O volume concentration can still be consistent with CFD simulation. It is worth mentioning that the radial width of the flame area of the heat wake turbulence measured in the embodiment is only about 2cmFor the micro turbulent flame, the time-average characteristic of the micro turbulent flame can be well reconstructed, and the turbulence intensity obtained along the radial direction is in a range of 0.2-0.35, which is closer to 0.15-0.25 measured by many researches. If a multi-spectral-line absorption spectrum method is adopted, more spectral line information is utilized to measure and solve the temperature, the component concentration and the turbulence intensity, and then a more accurate result can be obtained.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplified by H2O is a measurement case of the target absorption gas, and the application of the present invention is not limited thereto in practice. In the measuring process, the selection of a laser light source, the selection of an absorption spectral line, the time length of time average measurement, the data sampling frequency and the like are correspondingly adjusted according to the type of target absorption gas, the temperature, the concentration, the pressure, the turbulent flame Reynolds number, the turbulent flow degree and the like of a measured target, so that the optimal measuring effect is obtained. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and modifications thereof, and various changes in the details, which are within the spirit and scope of the invention, may be made and equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. A laser absorption spectrum combustion diagnosis method for turbulent flame time-averaged characteristics is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, selecting an absorption spectral line with the absorption degree within the range of 0.05-2.3 according to the target gas, simulating turbulence pulsation on the selected absorption spectral line to obtain the corresponding absorption degree or the pulsation magnitude of line intensity under the condition of different degrees of temperature, component concentration and pressure parameter pulsation, and performing table building and recording;
s2, collecting time-averaged absorption spectrum signals at different positions of turbulent flame;
s3, correcting the acquired time-averaged absorption spectrum signals and inverting the combustion information;
the step S2 of collecting the time-averaged absorption spectrum signals at different positions of the turbulent flame specifically includes: when the turbulent flame is time-average axisymmetric flame, time-average signal acquisition is carried out along the radial direction according to a one-dimensional chromatography method; when the turbulent flame is not axisymmetric flame, acquiring time-averaged signals along different directions and different positions according to a two-dimensional chromatography method;
the time-averaged absorption spectrum signals are acquired in such a way that the turbulent flame characteristics are stable when required to be achieved within the acquisition time, and the acquisition time length is determined according to the Reynolds number and the turbulence degree of the turbulent flame;
the step S3 of correcting the acquired time-averaged absorption spectrum signal and inverting the combustion information specifically includes: considering the influence caused by turbulence pulsation, correcting the turbulence pulsation on the acquired time-averaged absorption spectrum signals by using the table building data in the step S1 to obtain accurate time-averaged absorption spectrum signals, and further performing inversion to obtain reliable time-averaged characteristic information of turbulence flame, wherein a common optimization expression of turbulence correction and inversion solution is as follows:
wherein min f () represents solving corresponding variables to minimize the value of the function f (), I is a spectral line number, v is a wavelength or a wave number, alpha is an absorbance, exp represents a time-averaged signal measured by an experiment, fluct represents turbulence correction including turbulence pulsation correction and pulsation correlation correction, sim represents an absorbance theoretical value obtained by spectral calculation under certain temperature, concentration and pressure parameters, T is a time-averaged temperature, X is a time-averaged component concentration, P is a time-averaged pressure, and I is a time-averaged pressureTIntensity of turbulence at temperature T, IXTurbulence intensity as component concentration X, IPTurbulence intensity, which is the pressure P;
the correction is as follows: under different turbulence intensities, correcting time-averaged absorption spectrum signals according to the difference value of the time-averaged linear intensity and a theoretical value by an instant linear intensity correction term, wherein the larger the turbulence intensity is, the larger the correction amplitude is, and the zero the turbulence intensity is, the correction is not needed.
2. The method of claim 1 for diagnosing turbulent flame time-averaged laser absorption spectroscopy combustion, wherein: the acquisition time is 0.01-1200 s as the acquisition time of single position data.
3. The method of claim 1 for diagnosing turbulent flame time-averaged laser absorption spectroscopy combustion, wherein: the correction also comprises correlation correction, specifically comprising the following steps: not only the influence of the temperature pulsation on the line intensity, but also the influence of the synchronous pulsation of the temperature and the component concentration on the absorbance, namely, correlation correction, is considered, and the larger the turbulence intensity is, the larger the correlation correction amplitude is.
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