CN113354345B - Method for preparing subway concrete by step method - Google Patents
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- CN113354345B CN113354345B CN202110779035.XA CN202110779035A CN113354345B CN 113354345 B CN113354345 B CN 113354345B CN 202110779035 A CN202110779035 A CN 202110779035A CN 113354345 B CN113354345 B CN 113354345B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00198—Characterisation or quantities of the compositions or their ingredients expressed as mathematical formulae or equations
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing subway concrete by a step-by-step method, which belongs to the field of civil and architectural engineering, and adopts a sphere compact packing theory to carry out step-by-step preparation design of concrete, namely, the concrete is hydrated to carry out step splitting, and spherical aggregate substitute is prepared according to the sphere compact packing theory in advance. Therefore, the upper limit of the effective pouring volume and the life cycle length of the mass concrete in the subway project are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of civil and architectural engineering, and particularly relates to a method for preparing subway concrete by a step-by-step method.
Background
Concrete is widely applied to civil and architectural engineering, such as houses, factory buildings, water conservancy dams, urban rail transit engineering and the like, and is used as a main building material. In the practical application of concrete, crack control is a relatively outstanding problem, the durability of the concrete and the stability of a structure are always influenced, particularly, along with the rapid development of the requirements of high-strength and high-performance concrete, the cement consumption in the concrete is continuously increased, the cement fineness is gradually reduced, a large amount of various additives and admixtures are used, the early heat release and shrinkage of the concrete are greatly increased, the crack control difficulty is greatly increased, and particularly, the crack problem of the large-volume concrete is more serious.
The bulky concrete, English is concrete in mass, and is stipulated in Chinese 'bulky concrete construction Standard' GB 50496-2018: mass concrete with a concrete structure body minimum geometric dimension of not less than 1m, or concrete expected to cause harmful crack generation due to temperature change and shrinkage caused by hydration of a cementitious material in the concrete, is called bulk concrete. The application in the building engineering mainly comprises subway engineering, concrete dams in various forms, supporting structures of viaducts, concrete gravity dams and the like.
Although the large-volume concrete structure has very remarkable bearing and maintenance effects, the large-volume concrete structure has large section size and poor heat conduction performance. In the early stage of hardening, temperature difference is formed inside and outside the mass concrete due to hydration and temperature rise of the internal cement, the outer part with lower temperature is restrained by internal thermal expansion and is in a tension state, and when the tensile stress is overlarge, cracks are generated on the surface; at the end of hardening, tensile stresses may develop internally due to the constraint of the foundation or of the adjacent component, and when the tensile stresses exceed their ultimate tensile strength, cracks develop starting from the constraint plane. Once the width of the crack exceeds the standard requirement, the results of structure depth carbonization, protective layer falling, stress bar corrosion and the like can be caused under the action of various loads or external physical and chemical factors, so that the structure rigidity and strength are reduced and even lost, the durability is deteriorated, and the risk of structure collapse and the like can occur in severe conditions.
The subway is the most reliable vehicle in the city, is an effective form for human to utilize underground space, and the subway engineering belongs to large-volume underground engineering, has complex technology and high requirement on durability, and the design life is generally 100 years. Except that the strength of the subway concrete meets the structural requirement, the durability and the reliability of the concrete must be considered, and the concrete which is used as the material with the largest dosage in subway engineering plays a decisive role in the durability of the subway engineering.
Therefore, the proportioning and preparation method of the large-volume concrete suitable for subway engineering is provided, the stability and safety of a subway concrete structure can be effectively improved, the use of various unnecessary additives can be effectively reduced, the cost of the concrete is directly reduced, the discharge of waste gas and sewage generated by the production of the additives is indirectly reduced, and the green and environment-friendly development of the building industry is promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method can effectively reduce the hydration heat and alkalinity of the large-volume concrete in the subway engineering after being poured, controls and reduces the alkali aggregate reaction and the crack generation of the poured body to the maximum extent, not only solves the problems that the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the concrete body is overlarge to generate cracks due to the large volume and the concentrated hydration and heat release of the internal cementing material after the large-volume concrete in the subway engineering is poured on site, and the alkali aggregate reaction is easy to generate on the concrete due to the long-term underground concrete and high environmental humidity, but also prepares the bone substitute into a spherical shape through the improvement of the preparation process, so that the bone substitute in the mixture has more excellent ball effect, and the working performance of the concrete is effectively improved. Therefore, the upper limit of the effective pouring volume and the life cycle length of the mass concrete in the subway project are improved.
The invention provides a method for preparing subway concrete by a step-by-step method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1: according to the proportion relation of cement, sand, stone, additive, admixture and water in the concrete construction mixing proportion, the total weight M is obtained by mixing B And the total weight is measured to be M B Volume of the mixture of (B) is V B Calculating to obtain a proportional constant K of the weight and the volume of the mixture B Comprises the following steps:
K B ＝M B ÷V B ；
wherein, the stones in the concrete construction mixture ratio are divided into stones I, stones II and stones III, and the stones I and the stones II are used for preparing spherical aggregate substitutes; the pebble III is used for preparing the spherical aggregate-substitute bonding concrete;
step S2: according to the concrete construction mixing proportion, obtaining the mass proportion constant P of stones in the mixture consisting of cement, sand, stones, additives, admixtures and water 1 ；
Step S3: according to the particle size R of the pebble I in the pebble 1 Obtaining the volume V of the spherical bone substitute material to be prepared D Comprises the following steps:
V D ＝πR 1 3 ÷6；
step S4: according to steps S1 and SThe calculation result of step S3 shows that the mass M of the spherical substitute aggregate is obtained D Comprises the following steps:
M D ＝V D ×K B ；
step S5: according to the calculation results of the step S2 and the step S4, the mass M of the stones formed by mixing the stones I and the stones II in the spherical substitute aggregate is obtained H Comprises the following steps:
M H ＝M D ×P 1 ；
step S6: random decimation of M 1 Weight part of Gemini I, determination of M 1 The weight of the stones I is N 1 Obtaining the average mass M of a single stone I 1-J Comprises the following steps:
M 1-J ＝M 1 ÷N 1 ；
step S7: obtaining the average mass M of the stones II in the spherical substitute aggregate according to the calculation results of the step S5 and the step S6 2 Comprises the following steps:
M 2 ＝M H -M 1-J ；
step S8: according to the calculation results of the step S6 and the step S7, the mass ratio K of the stones I to the stones II in the stones for preparing the spherical aggregate substitute is obtained 1-2 Comprises the following steps:
K 1-2 ＝M 1-J ÷M 2 ；
step S9: according to the mass ratio relation K of the stone I and the stone II in the stones obtained by calculation in the step S8 1-2 And step S1, preparing a concrete mixture of spherical aggregate substitute by adopting stones formed by mixing stones I and II according to the concrete construction mixing proportion;
step S10: the concrete mixture in the step S9 is prepared into a diameter R by mechanical forming 1 After the curing strength of the concrete ball reaches the designed strength value, carrying out alkali reduction treatment on the spherical aggregate;
step S11: according to the volume V of the concrete required to be prepared and the space volume porosity of 25.94 percent when the isodiametric spheres are tightly packed, the dosage of the spherical aggregate-substitute bonded concrete is 1 when the concrete with the volume V is prepared.1×K B X V25.94% to 1.3X K B ×V×25.94％；
Step S12: according to the concrete construction mixing proportion and the calculation result of the step S11, preparing the spherical aggregate-substitute bonding concrete by taking the pebble III as the pebble;
step S13: the spherical aggregate substitute processed in the step S10 is filled in a container with the volume of V, and the filled spherical aggregate substitute is subjected to water saturation treatment;
step S14: and (5) mixing the spherical aggregate substitute subjected to water saturation treatment obtained in the step S13 with the spherical aggregate substitute bonding concrete prepared in the step S12 to obtain the subway concrete.
Furthermore, the stones I, II and III are the same in material and are all single grain size grading.
Further, the particle size R of the pebbles I 1 (ii) a The pebble II is formed by mixing two pebbles with single particle size according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the particle sizes of the two pebbles are respectively the particle size R of the pebble I 1 0.5 times and 0.25 times of (B), the smallest particle diameter being not less than 5 mm.
Further, the particle size R of the pebble I is selected from pebbles III 1 Making a determination on a basis;
particle size R of pebble III 3 Comprises the following steps:
R 3 ＝(6 1 / 2 -2)×R 1 ÷4；
wherein the particle diameter R 1 、R 3 Refers to the measurable maximum width of the stone.
Further, in step S13, when the spherical substitute aggregate is filled in the container having the capacity V, the spherical substitute aggregate is filled in the form of the equal-diameter balls in close packing, and the filling amount is just enough to fill the entire container.
According to a specific embodiment of the invention, the admixture is a water reducing agent; the admixture is cellulose ether and polypropylene fiber.
Through the design scheme, the invention can bring the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a method for preparing subway concrete by a step-by-step method, which adopts a sphere compact accumulation theory to carry out concrete step-by-step preparation design, namely, concrete hydration is split in steps, spherical aggregate substitute is prepared according to the sphere compact accumulation theory in advance, 65 to 75 percent of hydration amount of a cementing material in the concrete is finished before concrete is cast in situ, thereby greatly reducing the problems of cracking and the like caused by the concentrated hydration of the cementing material in the concrete when the concrete adopts the original mixing method, simultaneously, the concrete aggregate substitute can finish alkali reduction treatment before the concrete is mixed, thereby ensuring the alkali aggregate reaction of the concrete under the action of long-time humid environment, effectively reducing and removing various additive products which are added for ensuring that the large-volume concrete does not crack in the original technology, not only directly reducing the concrete cost, and the problem of waste gas and sewage discharge generated by the production of the additive is indirectly reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limitation, and in that:
FIG. 1 is a graph showing comparative trends in concrete hydration heat changes at test point 1 in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a comparative trend chart of concrete hydration heat change of the test point 2 of the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing comparative trends in concrete hydration heat changes for test point 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For convenience in description, the concrete in the invention adopts cement, sand, pebbles, a water reducing agent, cellulose ether, polypropylene fiber and water as the constituent materials of the concrete, and the mixing proportion (weight ratio) is cement: sand: stone: water reducing agent: cellulose ether: polypropylene fiber: water 1:1.0 to 1.5: 2.5-3.0: 0.005-0.01: 0.005-0.01: 0.01-0.02: 0.28 to 0.45.
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific embodiments can be determined according to the technical solutions and practical situations of the present invention.
Example 1
According to the concrete construction mixing proportion, the prepared concrete basic composition materials are cement, sand, stones, a water reducing agent, cellulose ether, polypropylene fiber and water, and the mixing proportion of the basic composition materials is cement: sand: stone: water reducing agent: cellulose ether: polypropylene fiber: water 1: 1.2: 2.8: 0.005: 0.005: 0.01: 0.28; according to different preparation steps and products, the stones in the base material are divided into stones I, stones II and stones III when selected, wherein the stones I and the stones II are used for preparing spherical aggregate substitutes; the pebble III is used for preparing the spherical aggregate bonding concrete; in this example, the particle size of stone I is 50mm, and stone II is composed of stones with two particle sizes of 25mm and 12.5 mm; the particle size of the pebble III is 5.6 mm;
according to the mixing proportion, the weight volume proportion constant K of the mixture B 2560; obtaining the stone, wherein the mass proportion constant P of the stone in the mixture consisting of cement, sand, stone, water reducing agent, cellulose ether, polypropylene fiber and water 1 Is 0.528; calculating to obtain the volume V that the spherical substitute aggregate to be prepared should have D 65449mm in diameter 3 Calculating to obtain the mass M of the spherical aggregate substitute D 0.1675 Kg; calculating to obtain the mass M of (stone I + stone II) in the spherical aggregate substitute H 0.08844 Kg; the individual stones I have an average mass M 1-J 0.04267 Kg; calculating to obtain the average mass M of the stones II in the spherical aggregate substitute 2 0.04577; calculating to obtain the mass ratio K of the stones I to the stones II when preparing the spherical aggregate substitute 1-2 1: 1.073; preparing a spherical aggregate concrete mixture according to the mass ratio relation and the mixing proportion of the stones I and II obtained by calculation to prepare a concrete ball with the diameter of 50mm, and after the curing strength reaches a designed strength value, performing soaking alkali reduction treatment on the spherical aggregate;
with a capacity of 1m 3 The spherical aggregate substitute after alkali reduction treatment is filled in the container, and the spherical aggregate substitute is subjected to water saturation treatment; preparation of balls from pebbles IIIThe amount of the spherical aggregate-substituted bonding concrete is 730.47 kg; and mixing the aggregate subjected to water saturation treatment with the prepared spherical aggregate bonding concrete to obtain the cement.
Example 2
According to the concrete construction mix proportion, basic composition materials of concrete to be prepared comprise cement, sand, pebbles, a water reducing agent, cellulose ether, polypropylene fibers and water, and the mix proportion of the basic composition materials is cement: sand: stone: water reducing agent: cellulose ether: polypropylene fiber: 1 in water: 1.3: 2.8: 0.01: 0.01: 0.02: 0.3; according to different preparation steps and products, the stones in the base material are divided into stones I, stones II and stones III when selected, wherein the stones I and the stones II are used for preparing spherical aggregate substitutes; the pebble III is used for preparing the spherical aggregate bonding concrete; in this example, the particle size of stone I is 60mm, and stone II is composed of two kinds of stones with particle sizes of 30mm and 15 mm; the particle size of the pebble III is 6.74 mm;
according to the mixing proportion, the weight volume proportionality constant K of the mixture B Is 2500; obtaining the mass proportion constant P of the pebbles in the mixture consisting of cement, sand, pebbles, a water reducing agent, cellulose ether, polypropylene fiber and water 1 Is 0.515; calculating to obtain the volume V that the spherical substitute aggregate to be prepared should have D 113097mm 3 Calculating the mass M of the spherical aggregate substitute D 0.1675 Kg; calculating to obtain the mass M of stones (i + ii) in the spherical aggregate substitute H 0.28271 Kg; the individual stones I have an average mass M 1-J 0.12224 Kg; calculating to obtain the average mass M of the stones II in the spherical aggregate substitute 2 0.16047; calculating to obtain the mass ratio K of the stones I to the stones II when preparing the spherical aggregate substitute 1-2 1: 1.313; preparing a spherical aggregate concrete mixture according to the mass ratio relation and the mixing proportion of the stones I and II obtained by calculation to prepare a concrete ball with the diameter of 60mm, and after the curing strength reaches a designed strength value, performing soaking alkali reduction treatment on the spherical aggregate;
with a capacity of 1m 3 The spherical aggregate substitute after alkali reduction treatment is filled in the container, and the spherical aggregate substitute is subjected to water saturation treatment; preparing spherical aggregate-substituted bonding concrete by using pebbles III, wherein the dosage of the spherical aggregate-substituted bonding concrete is 778.2 kg; mixing the aggregate subjected to water-saturated treatment with the prepared spherical aggregate-substitute bonding concrete to obtain the cement.
Example 3
According to the concrete construction mix proportion, basic composition materials of concrete to be prepared comprise cement, sand, pebbles, a water reducing agent, cellulose ether, polypropylene fibers and water, and the mix proportion of the basic composition materials is cement: sand: stone: water reducing agent: cellulose ether: polypropylene fiber: 1 in water: 1.5: 3.0: 0.01: 0.01: 0.02: 0.35; the particle size of the stone I is 70mm, and the stone II consists of stones with two particle sizes of 35mm and 17.5 mm; the particle size of the pebble III is 7.866 mm;
according to the mixing proportion, the weight volume proportion constant K of the mixture B Is 2620; obtaining the stone, wherein the mass proportion constant P of the stone in the mixture consisting of cement, sand, stone, water reducing agent, cellulose ether, polypropylene fiber and water 1 Is 0.509; calculating to obtain the volume V that the spherical substitute aggregate to be prepared should have D Is 179594mm 3 Calculating the mass M of the spherical aggregate substitute D 0.1675 Kg; calculating to obtain the mass M of stones (i + ii) in the spherical aggregate substitute H 0.47054 Kg; the individual stones I have an average mass M 1-J 0.21255 Kg; calculating to obtain the average mass M of the stones II in the spherical aggregate substitute 2 0.25799; calculating to obtain a mass ratio K of the stone I to the stone II when preparing the spherical aggregate substitute 1-2 1: 1.214; preparing a spherical aggregate-substitute concrete mixture according to the mass ratio relation and the mixing proportion of the stones I and the stones II obtained by calculation to prepare a concrete ball with the diameter of 70mm, and after the curing strength reaches a designed strength value, performing immersion alkali reduction treatment on the spherical aggregate-substitute;
with a capacity of 1m 3 The container is filled with the spherical aggregate which is treated by alkali reduction and the spherical aggregate is substitutedPerforming water saturation treatment on the material; preparing spherical aggregate-substituted bonding concrete by using pebbles III, wherein the dosage of the spherical aggregate-substituted bonding concrete is 883.5 kg; mixing the aggregate subjected to water-saturated treatment with the prepared spherical aggregate-substitute bonding concrete to obtain the cement.
Test examples
The concrete prepared in examples 1-3 was subjected to a hydration heat release test under the same environmental conditions (test concrete cast in a 50cm by 50cm cube, concrete cast in a 300cm by 300cm insulated enclosure, three temperature measuring points were set for each set of the test, temperature measuring point 1 was located at the center of the interior of the concrete cast, temperature measuring point 2 was located 5cm below the upper surface of the concrete cast, and temperature measuring point 3 was located at the surface of the concrete, comparative test group 1 (the mixing ratio was the same as in example 1), comparative test group 2 (the mixing ratio was the same as in example 2), and comparative test group 3 (the mixing ratio was the same as in example 3) mixed by a common concrete mixing method were set, and the hydration heat changes of the concrete in examples were as shown in table 1, as shown in example test points 1, 2, and, Test point 3 concrete hydration heat change comparative trend graphs are respectively shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3.
TABLE 1 comparison of concrete hydration heat changes
As can be seen from an analysis of the data in Table 1 and a comparison of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, the hydration heat of the concrete cast produced by the present invention is significantly lower than that of the cast produced by the conventional mixing method. 48 hours after pouring, the highest temperature of the temperature measuring point 1 of the concrete pouring body prepared by the method is maintained to be about 40 ℃, while the highest temperature of the temperature measuring point 1 of the concrete pouring body prepared by the common mixing method is maintained to be about 70 ℃, and the temperature difference between the two temperatures is up to 30 ℃; meanwhile, the comparison of the temperature measuring points 1 and 3 shows that the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the concrete cast body cast by the method is about 15 ℃ 48 hours after casting, while the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the concrete cast body prepared by the common mixing method is about 35 ℃. Namely, the invention can effectively reduce the hydration heat generation of the prepared mass concrete, and the reduction rate can reach 60 percent.
In conclusion, the method for preparing the subway concrete by the step-by-step method has obvious effect, and can effectively reduce the generation amount of hydration heat in the large-volume concrete pouring body in the subway engineering, thereby effectively inhibiting the damage of the structure caused by the overlarge temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the large-volume concrete.
Claims (3)
1. A method for preparing subway concrete by a step method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: according to the proportion relation of cement, sand, pebbles, a water reducing agent, cellulose ether, polypropylene fibers and water in the concrete construction mixture ratio, mixing to obtain the concrete with the total weight M B And the total weight is measured to be M B Volume of the mixture of (B) is V B Calculating to obtain a proportional constant K of the weight and the volume of the mixture B Comprises the following steps:
K B ＝M B ÷V B ；
wherein, the stones in the concrete construction mixture ratio are divided into stones I, stones II and stones III, and the stones I and the stones II are used for preparing spherical aggregate substitutes; the pebble III is used for preparing the spherical aggregate bonding concrete;
step S2: according to the concrete construction mixing proportion, obtaining the mass proportion constant P of stones in the mixture consisting of cement, sand, stones, additives, admixtures and water 1 ；
Step S3: according to the particle size R of the pebble I in the pebbles 1 Obtaining the volume V of the spherical bone substitute material to be prepared D Comprises the following steps:
V D ＝πR 1 3 ÷6；
step S4: obtaining the mass M of the spherical substitute aggregate according to the calculation results of the step S1 and the step S3 D Comprises the following steps:
M D ＝V D ×K B ；
step S5: according to the calculation results of the step S2 and the step S4, the mass M of the stones formed by mixing the stones I and the stones II in the spherical substitute aggregate is obtained H Comprises the following steps:
M H ＝M D ×P 1 ；
step S6: random decimation M 1 Part by weight of pebble I, determination of the M 1 The number of stones in the stone I is N in parts by weight 1 Obtaining the average mass M of a single stone I 1-J Comprises the following steps:
M 1-J ＝M 1 ÷N 1 ；
step S7: obtaining the average mass M of the stones II in the spherical substitute aggregate according to the calculation results of the step S5 and the step S6 2 Comprises the following steps:
M 2 ＝M H -M 1-J ；
step S8: according to the calculation results of the step S6 and the step S7, the mass ratio K of the stones I and the stones II in the stones for preparing the spherical aggregate substitute is obtained 1-2 Comprises the following steps:
K 1-2 ＝M 1-J ÷M 2 ；
step S9: according to the mass ratio relation K of the stones I and the stones II in the stones obtained by calculation in the step S8 1-2 And step S1, concrete construction mixing proportion, adopting stones formed by mixing stone I and stone II to prepare a spherical aggregate-substitute concrete mixture;
step S10: the concrete mixture in the step S9 is prepared into a diameter R by mechanical forming 1 After the curing strength of the concrete ball reaches the designed strength value, carrying out alkali reduction treatment on the spherical aggregate;
step S11: according to the volume V of the concrete required to be prepared and the space volume porosity of 25.94 percent when the isodiametric spheres are tightly packed, when the concrete with the volume V is prepared, the dosage of the spherical aggregate-substituted bonding concrete is 1.1 xK B X V25.94% to 1.3X K B ×V×25.94％；
Step S12: according to the concrete construction mixing proportion and the calculation result of the step S11, preparing the spherical aggregate-substitute bonding concrete by taking the pebble III as the pebble;
step S13: the spherical aggregate substitute processed in the step S10 is filled in a container with the volume of V, and the filled spherical aggregate substitute is subjected to water saturation treatment;
step S14: mixing the spherical aggregate substitute subjected to water saturation treatment obtained in the step S13 with the spherical aggregate substitute bonded concrete prepared in the step S12 to obtain subway concrete;
the materials of the stones I, II and III are the same and are all single grain size grading;
selecting pebbles III with the particle size R of the pebble I 1 Making a determination on a basis;
particle size R of pebble III 3 Comprises the following steps:
wherein the particle diameter R 1 、R 3 Refers to the measurable maximum width of the stone.
2. The method for preparing subway concrete by the step method according to claim 1, wherein: particle size R of pebble I 1 (ii) a The pebble II is formed by mixing two pebbles with single particle size according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the particle sizes of the two pebbles are respectively the particle size R of the pebble I 1 0.5 times and 0.25 times of (B), the smallest particle diameter being not less than 5 mm.
3. The method for preparing subway concrete according to the step-by-step method of claim 1, wherein: in step S13, when the spherical aggregate substitute is filled in a container having a volume V, the spherical aggregate substitute is filled in a form of equal-diameter balls in close packing, and the filling amount is just enough to fill the entire container.
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| IL33706A (en) * | 1969-01-21 | 1973-01-30 | Dry Cast Concrete Inc | Altering the properties of concrete by altering the quality or geometry of the intergranular contact of filler materials |
| US5527387A (en) * | 1992-08-11 | 1996-06-18 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Computer implemented processes for microstructurally engineering cementious mixtures |
| DE19912652C2 (en) * | 1998-10-07 | 2001-12-13 | Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten | Process for the preparation of an acid-resistant mortar or an acid-resistant concrete and their use |
| WO2011058574A2 (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2011-05-19 | Joshi Pradeep Vasant | A composition suitable for use in building construction |
| CN109437769A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-08 | 成都宏基建材股份有限公司 | A kind of C30P10 subway concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN209652963U (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-11-19 | 吉林建筑大学 | Mold for assembly concrete hypogee sole plate |
| CN110183127B (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2022-02-11 | 重庆建工建材物流有限公司 | Self-made low-defect ultrahigh-strength lightweight aggregate and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114133177A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-03-04 | 明阳智慧能源集团股份公司 | Low-carbon C130-C140 ultrahigh-performance self-compacting concrete containing coarse aggregate |
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