CN113351157A - 一种改性锂低硅沸石分子筛及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种改性锂低硅沸石分子筛及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113351157A CN113351157A CN202110614791.7A CN202110614791A CN113351157A CN 113351157 A CN113351157 A CN 113351157A CN 202110614791 A CN202110614791 A CN 202110614791A CN 113351157 A CN113351157 A CN 113351157A
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- Prior art keywords
- molecular sieve
- modified
- zeolite molecular
- silicon
- lithium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical group [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical group [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940105847 calamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052864 hemimorphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CPYIZQLXMGRKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Zn+2] CPYIZQLXMGRKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000957 xLi2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003102 yNa2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000829 kaolin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 silver ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical group [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100037114 Elongin-C Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101001011859 Homo sapiens Elongin-A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001011846 Homo sapiens Elongin-B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000881731 Homo sapiens Elongin-C Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000836005 Homo sapiens S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[O] Chemical compound [N].[O] OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001669 calcium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012013 faujasite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
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- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种应用于吸附氮气、甲烷、一氧化碳等气体的低硅X型改性沸石分子筛,该分子筛可用于气体吸附分离、催化、离子交换等多种领域,具体为一种改性锂低硅沸石分子筛及其制备方法。该分子筛以低硅X型沸石分子筛原粉为原料,用锂离子交换去除Na‑LXS中钠离子,改性后的沸石分子筛显著提高了氮气、甲烷、一氧化碳等气体吸附容量,可广泛用于催化、离子交换、吸附分离等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种应用于吸附氮气、甲烷、一氧化碳等气体的低硅X型改性沸石分子筛,该分子筛可用于气体吸附分离、催化、离子交换等多种领域,具体为一种改性锂低硅沸石分子筛及其制备方法。
背景技术
具有八面沸石结构(FAU)、硅铝原子比在1.0~1.1范围内的X型沸石分子筛称为低硅X型沸石分子筛(简称LSX),其合成的原粉基本组成为钠离子型(Na-LXS),因其晶体骨架具有较高电荷密度和较大孔径,具有良好的吸附性能,因而备受关注。
LXS具有分离气体效应是因为分子筛中的阳离子电场与气体之间存在着相互作用,这种相互作用与阳离子在分子筛中所处的位点及阳离子的种类有关。由于硅铝原子比低时骨架中铝氧四面体[AlO2]-增多而负电荷增加,为了保持沸石骨架的电荷平衡和稳定,就需要增加钠离子等阳离子的数量,这就形成了吸附中心,经离子交换改变阳离子种类和数量,可增强对气体的吸附作用力。Na-LXS脱水后,只有在SⅡ、SⅢ位置的阳离子才能与分子直径大于的吸附质分子接触,并对吸附质分子具有较强的作用力,吸附性能更高。
铝原子含量增加还使分子筛骨架空间增大,经过其他金属离子交换去除钠离子后,氮气、甲烷、一氧化碳等吸附量可能增大,与氢气、氧气等组分的分离系数更高,有利于提高化工工艺过程性能、降低运行费用,在气体吸附分离、催化、离子交换等多种领域引起人们的关注。而高氮气、甲烷、一氧化碳吸附容量的低硅沸石分子筛的组成、结构、制备和生产是复杂的***过程,涉及到LSX合成、离子交换、成型、活化等问题。
传统无粘结剂5A分子筛对氮气吸附容量约0.5mmol/g、甲烷吸附容量约0.6mmol/g、一氧化碳吸附容量约1.3mmol/g。目前国内外文献和专利报道的锂离子、钙离子、银离子等交换的低硅沸石分子筛主要提高氮气吸附量,用于空气分离制氧领域。
美国专利(USP5068023,1993)指出,Li-LSX对氮气吸附容量比普通X和5A分子筛高2~3倍,从而引起变压吸附制氧的极大关注。美国专利(USP5068023,1993)指出,Li-LSX的锂离子交换度大于70%时,氮吸附容量才显著体高。
关莉莉等(Acta Phys.Chim.Sin.,2002,18:998~1004)对Na-LSX进行钙离子交换,发现随着钙离子交换度增加,该分子筛对氮气吸附量直线增长。Sicar等(USP4557763,1996)利用稀土金属离子(Sr2+)对Ca-LSX进行改性,Coe等(USP4481081,2002)利用镁、钙、锶和钡等金属离子对Na-LSX进行离子交换,均可提高对氮气的吸附容量。
刘利爽等(CN 102784617A)用锂和银离子交换改性A型、13X型、低硅铝比13X型分子筛,采用两段式PSA/VPSA,氮气为吸附相,可以制备纯度大于98%的氧气。
孙继红等(CN 103539150A)先通过离子锂交换Na-LSX分子筛到一定交换度后,再用钙离子得到[(Li,Ca)-LSX],减少锂离子用量,其氮气吸附量最大值结余LI-LSX和Ca-LSX之间。
李建波等(CN 108854947 A)1)采用Ca2+与Na-LSX分子筛进行离子交换,将Na+全部交换成Ca2+;(2)采用Ag+与Ca-LSX分子筛进行离子交换,样品经过洗涤、过滤、干燥,再经过活化预处理,即得混合阳离子AgCa-LSX分子筛,改善了样品整体的N2吸附能力,可用于PSA/VPSA制氧工艺中N2/O2的选择性吸附剂。
可见,目前的研究和报道主要包括通过钙、锂、银等金属离子交换,提高低硅分子筛(LSX)的氮气吸附容量和氧氮气分离效率,而对甲烷、一氧化碳的吸附性能研究较少。
发明内容:
本发明针对现有分子筛吸附剂对氮气、甲烷、一氧化碳吸附量和吸附分离效率有待提高的问题,低硅沸石分子筛对甲烷、一氧化碳吸附性能研究较少的现状,提供一种改性锂低硅沸石分子筛;该改性锂低硅沸石分子筛对氮气、甲烷、一氧化碳吸附量都显著提高,在石油天然气分离、精细化工、吸附交换、气体分离提纯等领域具有广泛的应用潜力。
本申请的另外一个发明目的是提供以上所述分子筛的制备方法,该方法以低硅X型沸石分子筛原粉为原料,用锂离子交换去除Na-LXS中钠离子,操作简单易行。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的具体技术方案为:
一种改性锂低硅沸石分子筛,其采用的低硅分子筛为X型,其骨架中硅铝原子比为1.0~1.1,用于气体分吸附分离、催化和离子交换领域具有较好的吸附效果。
作为本申请中一种较好的实施方式,最终获得的改性锂低硅沸石分子筛组成为xLi2O·yNa2O·Al2O3·nSiO2,其中0.65≤x≤0.99,0.95≤x+y≤1.00,2.0≤n≤2.2。
作为本申请中一种较好的实施方式,改性锂低硅沸石分子筛的BET表面积为450~800m2/g,平均孔径为0.30~2.8nm。
作为本申请中一种较好的实施方式,以上所述改性低硅X沸石分子筛的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)原粉预处理
将钠型低硅X沸石分子筛(Na-LSX)原粉在进行干燥后焙烧,放于干燥器中冷却备用;
2)离子改性
2.1)锂离子溶液改性,将经预处理后的Na-LSX原粉与锂离子溶液混合,搅拌均匀后过滤洗涤;将洗涤后的固体粉末重新加入上述氯化锂溶液(经预处理后的Na-LSX原粉与锂离子溶液混合溶液),重复上述过程,得改性LSX固体粉末;再将改性LSX固体粉末干燥后焙烧,得到锂离子改性的(Li,Na)-LSX沸石分子筛;
2.2锂离子固态改性,将上述预处理后的Na-LSX原粉,与LiCl粉末高速搅拌混合均匀后焙烧,然后经自然冷却、洗涤过滤,干燥冷却后得到改性Li-LSX型沸石分子筛;
3)成型活化
将上述得到的改性Li-LSX型沸石分子筛与粘结剂混合均匀后,然后将其成型后进行真空焙烧或在惰性气体保护下焙烧,再在惰性气体保护下冷却降温,即得机械性能和吸附性能合格的成型分子筛颗粒。
作为本申请中一种较好的实施方式,步骤1)Na-LSX原粉的干燥条件为,干燥温度100~150℃,干燥时间为1~3小时;焙烧条件为,以每分钟5~10℃的升温速度升温到400~550℃,焙烧时间为1-4小时。
作为本申请中一种较好的实施方式,步骤2.1)中所述的锂盐溶液为氢氧化锂、氯化锂或硝酸锂;锂离子溶液的浓度为0.1~0.5mol/L;Na-LSX原粉中钠离子与溶液中锂离子的摩尔比为1:0.4~1:2.0,搅拌条件为,温度85~95℃,搅拌时间为1~2小时。
作为本申请中一种较好的实施方式,步骤2.1)中改性LSX固体粉末的干燥温度为105~120℃,干燥时间为1.5~2小时后;焙烧温度为450~500℃,焙烧时间为1~2小时。
作为本申请中一种较好的实施方式,步骤2.2)中,Na-LSX原粉与LiCl粉末混合后,钠离子与锂原子的摩尔比为0.5~2.0;焙烧过程为,以1~2℃/min的速度从室温升至105~120℃,保持1~2小时;再以2~4℃/min的速度升温至400~550℃,保持1~4小时后自然冷却;干燥条件为温度100~150℃,干燥时间为1~5小时。
作为本申请中一种较好的实施方式,步骤3)中的粘结剂为羊甘土、高岭土、凹凸棒石和拟薄水铝石中任意的一种或几种的混合物,粘结剂的添加量为锂离子改性后的低硅沸石分子筛质量的5~20%。成型采取滚球成型或挤条成型,成型后的球状或条状分子筛。
作为本申请中一种较好的实施方式,步骤3)中的焙烧条件为,温度350~600℃,焙烧时间为2~12小时,焙烧过程升温速度控制在每分钟1~15℃,成型过程中样品的水分控制在5~20%之间。
经测试,在25℃、0.1MPa(绝压)下,改性锂低硅沸石分子筛的氮气吸附量为23.0~35.0ml/g,甲烷吸附量为18.0~40.0ml/g,一氧化碳吸附量为34.0~55.0ml/g,比常规5A分子筛和13X分子筛显著提高,在气体分吸附分离、催化和离子交换领域具有应用前景。
作为本申请中一种较好的实施方式,上述氯化锂质量百分含量不低于90%,可规格为分析纯、化学纯或工业级,在使用前100~120℃加热1~3小时干燥脱水。
与现有技术相比,本发明的积极效果体现在:
(一)、采用本方法制备得到的改性分子筛颗粒用Micromeritics ASAP2020HD吸附仪在液氮温度下测定BET表面积和孔径。其BET表面积450~800m2/g,平均孔径0.30~2.8nm。
(二)、用Micromeritics ASAP吸附仪进行氮气、甲烷、一氧化碳吸附量测试,测试条件为温度25℃、压力0.1MPa(绝压),所用气体为高纯气体。制备得到的改性锂低硅沸石分子筛的氮气吸附量为23.0~35.0ml/g,甲烷吸附量为18.0~40.0ml/g,一氧化碳吸附量为34.0~55.0ml/g。
(三)、由于Li+半径小、电荷密度高,对分子筛骨架影响小,使分子筛表面极性增强,本发明通过调整Li+在分子筛中所处位置、增加有效Li+数量,使改性分子筛对氮气、甲烷和一氧化碳等气体的吸附性能提高。
(四)、该改性锂低硅沸石分子筛以低硅分子筛(Na-LXS)原粉为原料,用锂离子的碱性化合物或盐类化合物将钠离子交换到一定程度后使锂离子负载于分子筛内部孔道结构中,实现低硅沸石分子筛的改性,使其具有较高的电荷密度和较大的孔径,表现出优越的选择吸附性能;在石油天然气分离、精细化工、吸附交换、气体分离提纯等领域具有广泛的应用潜力。
附图说明
图1为实施例中制备得到的改性低硅X沸石分子筛的XRD图
具体实施方式
一种改性锂低硅沸石分子筛,其采用的低硅分子筛为X型,其骨架中硅铝原子比为1.0~1.1,用于气体分吸附分离、催化和离子交换领域具有较好的吸附效果。
作为优选,该分子筛最终获得的改性锂低硅沸石分子筛组成为xLi2O·yNa2O·Al2O3·nSiO2,其中0.65≤x≤0.99,0.95≤x+y≤1.00,2.0≤n≤2.2。
一种以上所述改性低硅X沸石分子筛的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)原粉预处理
将钠型低硅X沸石分子筛(Na-LSX)原粉在100~15℃℃下干燥1~3小时,再以每分钟5~10℃的升温速度升温到400~550℃下焙烧1-4小时,放入干燥器中冷却备用;
2)离子改性
2.1)锂离子溶液改性
将上述预处理后的Na-LSX原粉与0.1~0.5mol/L的锂离子溶液混合,使Na-LSX原粉中钠离子与溶液中锂离子摩尔比在1:0.4~1:2.0范围内,并在85~95℃下搅拌1~2小时后过滤洗涤;将洗涤后的固体粉末重新加入上述氯化锂溶液,重复上述过程,使锂离子交换度在65~99%范围内即完成离子交换过程;将改性LSX固体粉末在105~120℃下干燥1.5~2小时后,再450℃下焙烧1~2小时得到锂离子改性的(Li,Na)-LSX沸石分子筛;
作为优选,所述锂盐溶液为氢氧化锂、氯化锂或硝酸锂的任意一种。
2.2)锂离子固态改性
将上述预处理后的Na-LSX原粉,与LiCl粉末高速搅拌混合均匀,控制原粉中钠离子与LiCl中锂原子摩尔比为0.5~2.0,然后放置于带盖坩埚后放入马沸炉加热焙烧,过程的温度控制为:以1~2℃/min的速度从室温到105~120℃,保持1~2小时;以2~4℃/min的速度到400~550℃,保持1~4小时后自然冷却,取出洗涤过滤,再在100~150℃下干燥1~5小时,冷却后得到改性Li-LSX型沸石分子筛。
上述氯化锂质量百分含量不低于90%,可规格为分析纯、化学纯或工业级,在使用前100~120℃加热1~3小时干燥脱水。
3)成型活化
将上述锂离子改性后的低硅沸石分子筛与5~20%质量比粘结剂充分混合均匀,粘结剂是羊甘土、高岭土、凹凸棒石、拟薄水铝石其中的一种或一种以上;成型采取滚球或挤条的任意一种。成型后的球状或条状分子筛,在350~600℃温度范围内真空或惰性气体保护下焙烧2~12小时,惰性气体保护下冷却降温,得到机械性能和吸附性能合格的成型分子筛颗粒。
成型过程中样品的水分控制在5~20%之间。焙烧过程升温速度控制在每分钟1~15℃。
性能测试
上述成型改性分子筛颗粒用Micromeritics ASAP吸附仪在液氮温度下测定BET表面积和孔径。其BET表面积450~800m2/g,平均孔径0.30~2.8nm。
用Micromeritics ASAP吸附仪进行氮气、甲烷、一氧化碳吸附量测试,测试条件为温度25℃、压力0.1MPa(绝压),所用气体为高纯气体。
上述改性锂低硅沸石分子筛的氮气吸附量为23.0~35.0ml/g,甲烷吸附量为18.0~40.0ml/g,一氧化碳吸附量为34.0~55.0ml/g。
上述改性锂低硅沸石分子筛用Bruker D8 advance X射线衍射仪测定晶体结构。
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式,本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用,本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用,在没有背离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。需说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,以下实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
本发明采用常规低硅分子筛原粉,其他试剂为分析纯,氦气、氮气、甲烷、一氧化碳等气体为高纯气体,交换度为该阳离子占总阳离子数的摩尔百分数。
以下实施例中,Na-LSX沸石分子筛预处理的方法相同,均为:将钠型低硅X沸石分子筛(Na-LSX)原粉在100℃下干燥2小时,再以每分钟7℃的升温速度升温到550℃下焙烧2小时,放入干燥器中冷却备用。
实施例1:
取100g预处理后的Na-LSX沸石分子筛与浓度为0.5mol/L的氯化锂溶液混合,使Na-LSX原粉中钠离子与溶液中锂离子摩尔比为1.5,在搅拌下维持85℃恒温2小时,过滤洗涤;将洗涤后的样品重新与上述氯化锂溶液混合,重复混合、恒温搅拌、过滤洗涤共3次,再将样品在100℃下干燥2小时,进入450℃下焙烧1小时后,得到(Li,Na)-LSX沸石分子筛。
将上述锂离子改性后的低硅分子筛与20%质量比粘结剂充分混合均匀,粘结剂是羊甘土;成型采取滚球成型。成型后的球状分子筛,在400℃温度范围内真空或惰性气体保护下焙烧12小时,惰性气体保护下冷却降温,得到机械性能和吸附性能合格的成型改性分子筛颗粒。成型过程中样品的水分控制在5%之间。焙烧过程升温速度控制在每分钟1℃。
采用具体实施方式中的方法进行检测,上述改性锂低硅沸石分子筛x=0.80,y=0.17,n=2.0,BET表面积为450m2/g,氮气吸附量26.0ml/g,甲烷吸附量为23.0ml/g,一氧化碳吸附量为38.0ml/g。
实施例2:
取10g预处理后的Na-LSX沸石分子筛与浓度为0.1mol/L的硝酸锂溶液混合,使Na-LSX原粉中钠离子与溶液中锂离子摩尔比为0.6,搅拌下维持95℃恒温2小时,过滤洗涤;将洗涤后的样品重新与上述硝酸锂溶液混合,重复混合、恒温搅拌、过滤洗涤2次,再将样品在100℃下干燥3小时,进入450℃下焙烧1小时后,得到(Li,Na)-LSX沸石分子筛。
将上述锂离子改性后的低硅分子筛与5%质量比粘结剂充分混合均匀,粘结剂是高岭土;成型采取挤条成型。成型后的条状分子筛,在550℃温度范围内真空或惰性气体保护下焙烧2小时,惰性气体保护下冷却降温,得到机械性能和吸附性能合格的成型分子筛颗粒。成型过程中样品的水分控制在20%之间。焙烧过程升温速度控制在每分钟15℃。
采用具体实施方式中的方法进行检测,上述改性锂低硅沸石分子筛x=0.98,y=0.02,n=2.2,BET表面积为800m2/g,氮气吸附量35.0ml/g,甲烷吸附量为32.0ml/g,一氧化碳吸附量为52.0ml/g。
实施例3:
取50g预处理后的Na-LSX沸石分子筛与浓度为0.1mol/L氢氧化锂溶液混合,使Na-LSX原粉中钠离子与溶液中锂离子摩尔比为0.5,在搅拌下维持60℃恒温2小时,过滤洗涤;将洗涤后的样品重新与上述硝酸锂溶液混合,重复混合、恒温搅拌、过滤洗涤2次,再将样品在100℃下干燥3小时,进入450℃下焙烧1小时后,得到(Li,Na)-LSX沸石分子筛。
将上述锂离子改性后的低硅分子筛与5%质量比粘结剂充分混合均匀,粘结剂是拟薄水铝石;成型采取滚球成型。成型后的球状分子筛,在350℃温度范围内真空或惰性气体保护下焙烧6小时,惰性气体保护下冷却降温,得到机械性能和吸附性能合格的成型分子筛颗粒。成型过程中样品的水分控制在10%之间。焙烧过程升温速度控制在每分钟8℃。
采用具体实施方式中的方法进行检测,上述改性锂低硅沸石分子筛x=0.98,y=0.01,n=2.1,BET表面积为760m2/g,氮气吸附量28.0ml/g,甲烷吸附量为40.0ml/g,一氧化碳吸附量为53.0ml/g。
实施例4:
将预处理后的Na-LSX沸石分子筛原粉与LiCl粉末高速搅拌混合均匀,使Na-LSX原粉中钠离子与锂离子摩尔比为2.0,再放置于带盖坩埚后放入马沸炉加热焙烧,过程的温度控制为:以2℃/min的速度从室温到120℃,保持2小时;以4℃/min的速度到550℃,保持4小时后自然冷却,取出洗涤过滤2次。重复以上过程2次。再在150℃下干燥5小时,冷却后得到(Li,Na)-LSX型沸石分子筛。氯化锂为分析纯。
将上述锂离子改性后的低硅分子筛与10%质量比粘结剂充分混合均匀,粘结剂是凹凸棒石;成型采取滚球成型。成型后的球状分子筛,在400℃温度范围内真空或惰性气体保护下焙烧5小时,惰性气体保护下冷却降温,得到机械性能和吸附性能合格的成型分子筛颗粒。
采用具体实施方式中的方法进行检测,上述改性锂低硅沸石分子筛x=0.65,y=0.30,n=2.05,BET表面积为650m2/g,氮气吸附量23.0ml/g,甲烷吸附量为18.0ml/g,一氧化碳吸附量为34.0ml/g。
实施例5:
将上述低硅沸石分子筛原粉与其LiCl粉末高速搅拌混合均匀,使Na-LSX原粉中钠离子与锂离子摩尔比为0.4,再放置于带盖坩埚后放入马沸炉加热焙烧,过程的温度控制为:以1℃/min的速度从室温到120℃,保持2小时;以2℃/min的速度到500℃,保持4小时后自然冷却,取出洗涤过滤3次,再在150℃下干燥5小时,冷却后得到(Li,Na)-LSX型沸石分子筛。氯化锂为工业级。
将上述锂离子改性后的低硅分子筛与8%质量比粘结剂充分混合均匀,粘结剂是羊甘土和高岭土;成型采取挤条成型。成型后的条状分子筛,在450℃温度范围内真空或惰性气体保护下焙烧4小时,惰性气体保护下冷却降温,得到机械性能和吸附性能合格的成型分子筛颗粒。
采用具体实施方式中的方法进行检测,上述改性锂低硅沸石分子筛x=0.99,y=0.01,n=2.15,BET表面积为750m2/g,氮气吸附量32.0ml/g,甲烷吸附量为40.0ml/g,一氧化碳吸附量为55.0ml/g。
实施例6
将上述低硅沸石分子筛原粉与LiCl粉末高速搅拌混合均匀,使Na-LSX原粉中钠离子与锂离子摩尔比为0.6,再放置于带盖坩埚后放入马沸炉加热焙烧,过程的温度控制为:以1℃/min的速度从室温到120℃,保持2小时;以2℃/min的速度到550℃,保持4小时后自然冷却,取出洗涤过滤2次,再在150℃下干燥5小时,冷却后得到(Li,Na)-LSX型沸石分子筛。氯化锂为工业级。
将上锂离子改性后的低硅分子筛与8%质量比粘结剂充分混合均匀,粘结剂是羊甘土和拟薄水铝石;成型采取滚球成型。成型后的球状分子筛,在450℃温度范围内真空或惰性气体保护下焙烧10小时,惰性气体保护下冷却降温,得到机械性能和吸附性能合格的成型分子筛颗粒。
采用具体实施方式中的方法进行检测,上述改性锂低硅沸石分子筛x=0.96,y=0.02,n=2.05,BET表面积为680m2/g,氮气吸附量27.0ml/g,甲烷吸附量为34.0ml/g,一氧化碳吸附量为49.0ml/g。
实施例7
将上述干燥后的Na-LSX低硅沸石分子筛原粉与10%质量比粘结剂充分混合均匀,粘结剂为羊甘土和凹凸棒石;成型采取滚球成型。成型后的球状分子筛,在480℃温度范围内真空或惰性气体保护下焙烧6小时,惰性气体保护下冷却降温,得到机械性能和吸附性能合格的成型分子筛颗粒。
采用具体实施方式中的方法进行检测,上述改性钙低硅沸石分子筛x=0.005,y=0.99,n=2.0,BET表面积为780m2/g,氮气吸附量3.9ml/g,甲烷吸附量为4.7ml/g,一氧化碳吸附量为6.5ml/g。
前述本发明基本例及其各进一步选择例可以自由组合以形成多个实施例,均为本发明可采用并要求保护的实施例。本发明方案中,各选择例,与其他任何基本例和选择例都可以进行任意组合。本领域技术人员可知有众多组合。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种改性锂低硅沸石分子筛,其特征在于:采用的低硅分子筛为X型,其骨架中硅铝原子比为1.0~1.1,用于气体分吸附分离、催化和离子交换领域。
2.如权利要求1所述的改性锂低硅沸石分子筛,其特征在于:该分子筛的化学组成为xLi2O·yNa2O·Al2O3·nSiO2,其中0.65≤x≤0.99,0.95≤x+y≤1.00,2.0≤n≤2.2。
3.如权利要求1所述的改性锂低硅沸石分子筛,其特征在于:BET表面积为450~800m2/g,平均孔径为0.30~2.8nm。
4.如权利要求1-3中任意一项权利要求所述改性低硅X沸石分子筛的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)原粉预处理
将Na-LSX原粉在进行干燥后焙烧,冷却备用;
2)离子改性
2.1)锂离子溶液改性,将经预处理后的Na-LSX原粉与锂离子溶液混合,搅拌均匀后过滤洗涤;将洗涤后的固体粉末重新加入上述氯化锂溶液,重复上述过程,得改性LSX固体粉末;再将改性LSX固体粉末干燥后焙烧,得到锂离子改性的(Li,Na)-LSX沸石分子筛,并进行化学组成测定;
2.2)锂离子固态改性,将上述预处理后的Na-LSX原粉,与LiCl粉末高速搅拌混合均匀后焙烧,然后经自然冷却、洗涤过滤,干燥冷却后得到改性Li-LSX型沸石分子筛,并进行化学组成测定;
3)成型活化
将上述得到的改性Li-LSX型沸石分子筛与粘结剂混合均匀后,然后将其成型后进行真空焙烧或在惰性气体保护下焙烧,再在惰性气体保护下冷却降温,即得。
5.如权利要求4所述改性低硅X沸石分子筛的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)Na-LSX原粉的干燥条件为,干燥温度100~150℃,干燥时间为1~3小时;焙烧条件为,以每分钟5~10℃的升温速度升温到400~550℃,焙烧时间为1-4小时。
6.如权利要求4所述改性低硅X沸石分子筛的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2.1)中所述的锂盐溶液为氢氧化锂、氯化锂或硝酸锂;锂离子溶液的浓度为0.1~0.5mol/L;Na-LSX原粉中钠离子与溶液中锂离子的摩尔比为1:0.4~1:2.0,搅拌条件为,温度85~95℃,搅拌时间为1~2小时。
7.如权利要求4所述改性低硅X沸石分子筛的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2.1)中改性LSX固体粉末的干燥温度为105~120℃,干燥时间为1.5~2小时后;焙烧温度为450℃,焙烧时间为1~2小时。
8.如权利要求4所述改性低硅X沸石分子筛的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2.2)中,Na-LSX原粉与LiCl粉末混合后,钠离子与锂原子的摩尔比为0.5~2.0;焙烧过程为,以1~2℃/min的速度从室温升至100~120℃,保持2小时;再以2~4℃/min的速度升温至400~550℃,保持4小时后自然冷却;干燥条件为温度100~150℃,干燥时间为1~5小时。
9.如权利要求4所述改性低硅X沸石分子筛的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤3)中的粘结剂为羊甘土、高岭土、凹凸棒石和拟薄水铝石中任意的一种或几种的混合物,粘结剂的添加量为锂离子改性后的低硅沸石分子筛质量的5~20%;步骤3)中的焙烧条件为,温度350~600℃,焙烧时间为2~12小时,焙烧过程升温速度控制在每分钟1~15℃,成型过程中样品的水分控制在5~20%之间。
10.如权利要求4-9中任一权利要求所述改性低硅X沸石分子筛的制备方法,其特征在于:上述方法制备的改性锂低硅沸石分子筛在25℃、0.1MPa下,氮气吸附量为23.0~35.0ml/g,甲烷吸附量为18.0~40.0ml/g,一氧化碳吸附量为34.0~55.0ml/g。
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