CN113343444A - Structural design method of double-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger - Google Patents
Structural design method of double-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a structural design method of a double-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger, which comprises the following steps: determining the depth of the double U-shaped buried heat exchange tubes according to the local geological exploration data and the heat exchange performance data; determining the air conditioning load required by a user side; selecting the type of the heat pump; determining the heat exchange quantity of a heat pump evaporator and a heat pump condenser; calculating the heat absorbed by the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes from the soil or the heat discharged to the soil; selecting the type of a heat exchange tube of the ground heat exchanger; calculating the total length of the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes; the number, aperture, spacing and layout of the vertical wells are determined. According to the structural design method of the double-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose buried pipe heat exchanger, the buried heat exchange pipes are distributed in a large U-shaped structure, and the buried heat exchange pipes in each vertical shaft hole are distributed in a double U-shaped manner, so that the space of the vertical shaft hole is fully utilized, the length of the heat exchange pipes is increased, and the floor area of the heat exchanger is reduced; the structural design method can be suitable for the design requirements of the ground heat exchangers in different regions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial and civil heating and ventilation air conditioners, in particular to a structural design method of a double-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger.
Background
The heat dissipation of a refrigerator condenser adopted by the air conditioning of a building usually adopts a water cooling unit outdoor cooling tower to carry out direct evaporative cooling or air cooling, but the technology needs to install a cooling tower or an air cooling system on a tall building, the cooling effect of the refrigerator condenser is greatly influenced by outdoor temperature and humidity climate change, and the cooling effect of the refrigerator condenser is general in high-temperature and high-humidity seasons.
The building air conditioner heating adopts steam heating, and steam comes from the boiler, and the boiler consumes fuel, can correspondingly produce the emission, causes the influence to atmospheric environment. In addition, the electric heating and heat pump heating are adopted, the electric heating conversion efficiency is low, the electric energy consumption is large, and the energy conservation is not facilitated.
The ground source heat pump technology is that geothermal resources are utilized, a heat source or a cold source deeply buried in the ground surface is converted into an air conditioner end user through the heat pump technology, a cold and hot dual-purpose heat source can be provided, and living comfort of a human body in a building is met. The temperature of soil, rock and water of the ground source constant temperature layer is changed little by the external climate, and the ground source water has certain fluidity and can stably provide inexhaustible energy for the air conditioner.
The buried pipe heat exchanger is a novel heat exchanger which takes ground source water, rocks and soil as heat exchange media and pumping circulating water as energy-carrying working media, and as the buried pipe heat exchanger is buried underground deeply, a vertical shaft hole layout is needed, one-time investment is large, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the buried pipe heat exchanger is guaranteed, geological exploration is needed firstly, the depth of the vertical shaft hole meets the requirements of constancy of the water flow temperature and the flow speed, and meanwhile, the length requirement of a buried pipe and the requirement of small occupied area of the heat exchanger structure are met.
Therefore, a structural design method of the dual-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a structural design method of a double-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose buried pipe heat exchanger, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, the buried heat exchange pipes in each vertical shaft hole are arranged in a double-U shape, so that the space in the vertical shaft hole is fully utilized, the length of the buried heat exchange pipes is increased, the floor area of the heat exchanger is reduced, and meanwhile, the structural design method can meet the design requirements of the buried pipe heat exchangers in different areas.
The invention provides a structural design method of a double-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger, which comprises the following steps:
determining the depth of the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes according to local geological exploration data and the heat exchange performance data of the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes;
determining the air conditioning load required by a user side;
selecting the type of the heat pump according to the air conditioning load required by the user side;
determining the heat exchange quantity of a heat pump evaporator and a heat pump condenser;
calculating the heat absorbed by the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes from soil or the heat discharged to the soil;
selecting the type of a heat exchange tube of the ground heat exchanger;
calculating the total length of the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes;
and determining the number of the vertical wells, the diameter of the vertical well holes, the distance between the vertical well holes and the layout mode of the vertical well holes.
The structural design method of the dual-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger as described above, wherein preferably, the determining the depth of the dual-U-shaped ground heat exchange tube according to the local geological exploration data and the heat exchange performance data of the dual-U-shaped ground heat exchange tube specifically includes:
obtaining local geological exploration data, wherein the local geological exploration data at least comprises the following components: depth data H of an underground constant temperature zone (20 +/-0.5 ℃) and water flow speeds of rocks and gravel layers in an area with the depth of H;
acquiring heat exchange performance data of the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes, wherein the heat exchange performance data at least comprises heat exchange amount per unit length of the underground heat exchange tubes in winter and summer and comprehensive heat conductivity coefficient of the underground heat exchange tubes;
and determining the depth of the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes to be 100m-150m according to the heat exchange amount per unit length, the comprehensive heat conductivity coefficient and the water flow speed in the region with the depth of H of the underground heat exchange tubes in winter and summer respectively.
The structural design method of the dual U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger as described above, wherein preferably, the determining the air conditioning load required by the user side specifically includes:
determining summer cooling load required by a user side according to the effective heating area of the control area and the cooling capacity designed by the air conditioner per square meter;
and determining the winter heat load required by the user side according to the effective heating area of the control area and the design heat of the air conditioner per square meter.
The structural design method of the dual U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger as described above, wherein preferably, the type selection of the heat pump according to the air conditioning load required by the user side specifically includes:
two heat pumps of the type SGHP700L II are selected according to the summer cold load and winter heat load required by the user side.
The structural design method of the double-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger, wherein preferably, the determining the heat exchange amount of the heat pump evaporator and the heat pump condenser specifically comprises:
in the winter mode of operation, the heat absorption of the heat pump evaporator on the ground source side is determined according to the following formula,
the heat absorbed by the ground source side is the heat pump heating capacity plus the heat power of the compressor;
in the summer operating mode, the heat radiation amount of the heat pump condenser on the ground source side is determined according to the following formula,
the ground source heat dissipation capacity is the heat pump refrigerating capacity plus the compressor refrigerating power.
The structural design method of the double-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose buried pipe heat exchanger as described above, wherein preferably, the calculating the heat absorbed by the double-U-shaped buried heat exchange pipes from soil or the heat discharged to soil specifically includes:
in a summer operation mode, calculating the heat discharged into the soil by the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes according to the following formula:
wherein Q isCRepresenting heat of discharge, QSCExpressing cooling load of air-conditioning cooling area in summer, with KW unit and EER expressing heat pump cooling coefficient, i.e. ratio of cooling capacity to effective input power, and taking 6.5, QGIndicating the heat dissipation capacity of the pipeline in KW, QBThe unit of the heat dissipation capacity of the water pump is KW,
in the winter operation mode, the heat absorbed by the double U-shaped buried heat exchange tubes from the soil is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein Q isRDenotes the amount of heat absorbed, QWRExpressing heating load of heating area in winter, wherein the unit is KW, COP expresses heating coefficient of heat pump, i.e. ratio of heating amount of heat pump to input power, and Q is 5.6GRepresents the heat absorption capacity of the pipeline, and the unit is KW,
q in formula (1) and formula (2)GEstimating according to the following formula:
QG＝1.16Q (3)
q represents the rated flow of the water pump and has the unit of t/h and QGEstimated according to the loss of 1 ℃;
q in the formula (1) and the formula (2) is calculated by the following formulaB：
QB＝2％×P (4)
Wherein P represents the water pump motor power.
The structural design method of the double-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger preferably selects the type of the heat exchange tube of the ground heat exchanger, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the heat exchange tubes are made of polyethylene materials and have outer diameters of 28mm-35mm, 60mm-66mm, 70mm-80mm and 85mm-95mm respectively, and the length of each heat exchange tube is 10m-14 m.
The structural design method of the double-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger as described above, wherein preferably, the calculating the total length of the double-U-shaped ground heat exchange tubes specifically includes:
the total length of the double-U-shaped underground heat exchange tube is calculated by adopting the following formula:
q represents the heat exchange quantity between the underground heat exchange tube and soil, the unit is KW, the maximum value of the discharged heat and the absorbed heat is taken, W represents the heat exchange quantity of the underground heat exchange tube in unit length, and 35W/m is taken.
The structural design method of the dual U-shaped dual-purpose ground heat exchanger for cold and hot purposes as described above, wherein preferably, the determining of the number of vertical wells, the diameter of the vertical wells, the distance between the vertical wells and the layout of the vertical wells specifically includes:
determining the number of vertical well holes, which specifically comprises the following steps:
determining the theoretical number of vertical wells according to the following formula:
N＝L/h＝L/(4×H) (6)
wherein L represents the total length of the radiating pipes calculated, the unit is m, H represents the total length of the radiating pipes arranged in each vertical shaft hole, the unit is m, H represents the depth of the vertical shaft hole, the depth of the constant temperature layer in the local geological exploration data, the unit is m,
designing redundancy according to a one-use-one-standby scheme to determine the number of the actual vertical well holes;
determining the diameter of a shaft hole, and specifically comprising the following steps:
determining the aperture of a vertical shaft hole to be 150mm-200 mm;
determining the distance between the vertical shaft holes, which specifically comprises the following steps:
determining the vertical well hole distance of 3m-5 m;
determining a vertical well hole layout mode, specifically comprising:
arranging the vertical well holes with the number of actual vertical well holes in a matrix in different areas;
arranging a ground source side main water collector and a ground source side main water separator;
respectively arranging a small water collector and a small water separator in each area, wherein the outer diameters of a water inlet pipe of the small water collector and a water outlet pipe of the small water separator are 85-95 mm;
a plurality of pairs of branch pipes are distributed on each small water collector and each small water distributor, wherein the outer diameter of each branch pipe is 70-80 mm;
a plurality of pairs of thin branch pipes are branched from each branch pipe, wherein the outer diameter of each thin branch pipe is 28-35 mm;
and connecting each pair of the thin branch pipes with an inlet and an outlet of the double-U-shaped underground heat exchange pipe, wherein the outer diameter of the double-U-shaped underground heat exchange pipe is 28-35 mm.
The structural design method of the dual U-shaped dual-purpose geothermal heat exchanger as described above, wherein preferably, the determining the number of vertical wells, the diameter of the vertical wells, the distance between the vertical wells and the layout of the vertical wells further comprises:
a static hydraulic balance valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the ground source side main water collector and the ground source side main water distributor,
and, set up a little water collector and little water knockout drum respectively in each region, specifically include:
respectively arranging the small water collectors and the small water distributors of all the areas in an outdoor blind well type water collecting and distributing chamber;
branch pipes branched from each small water collector and each small water distributor are made of polyethylene pipes, joints are welded by hot melting, the branch pipes are made of polyurethane prefabricated heat-insulating pipes and are directly buried, and high-density polyethylene shells are used as outer protective shells;
and each thin branch pipe which is taken out of the blind well type water collecting and distributing chamber to each vertical well hole and is separated from each branch pipe adopts a polyethylene pipe for a ground source heat pump, the pipeline buried depth of the thin branch pipe is-2 m to-1.8 m, the working pressure of the ground source side pipeline is 0.4MPa, and the test pressure is 0.6 MPa.
The invention provides a structural design method of a double-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose buried pipe heat exchanger, wherein buried heat exchange pipes are distributed in a large U-shaped structure, and the buried heat exchange pipes in each vertical shaft hole are distributed in a double U-shaped manner, so that the space in the vertical shaft hole is fully utilized, the length of the buried heat exchange pipes is increased, and the floor area of the heat exchanger is reduced; the quantity of the vertical well holes and the length of the underground heat exchange tubes are selected to have redundancy 2 times of the design value, and the vertical well holes and the underground heat exchange tubes can be used one by one during operation, so that the operation reliability is improved; the structural design method can be suitable for the design requirements of the ground heat exchangers in different regions.
Drawings
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a dual U-shaped dual-purpose ground heat exchanger provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method of designing a structure of a dual U-shaped borehole heat exchanger for both cooling and heating provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a vertical well hole and an underground heat exchange pipe of the double U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose underground heat exchanger provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of an underground layout of an embodiment of an underground heat exchange tube of the dual U-shaped dual-purpose cold and hot underground heat exchanger provided by the invention;
fig. 5 is a pipe network connection diagram of a vertical-hole heat exchange pipe unit of the embodiment of the double-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger provided by the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-heat pump condenser 2-heat pump evaporator 3-ground source side total water separator
4-ground source side total water collector 5-buried heat exchange tube 6-compressor
7-switch valve 8-user side water distributor 9-user side water collector
10-zone I11-zone II 12-zone III
13-I district water collector water separator and 14-II district water collector water separator
15-III area small water collector water separator 16-vertical shaft hole 17-small water collector backwater branch pipe
18-small water knockout drum outlet branch pipe 19-big water knockout drum outlet pipe 20-static hydraulic balance valve
21-well group main pipe 22-well internal radiating pipe 23-large water collector water inlet pipe
71-first switching valve 72-second switching valve 73-third switching valve
74-fourth switching valve 75-fifth switching valve 76-sixth switching valve
77-seventh switch valve 78-eighth switch valve
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The description of the exemplary embodiments is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure, its application, or uses. The present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of parts and steps, the composition of materials, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments are to be construed as merely illustrative, and not as limitative, unless specifically stated otherwise.
As used in this disclosure, "first", "second": and the like, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element preceding the word covers the element listed after the word, and does not exclude the possibility that other elements are also covered. "upper", "lower", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
In the present disclosure, when a specific component is described as being located between a first component and a second component, there may or may not be intervening components between the specific component and the first component or the second component. When it is described that a specific component is connected to other components, the specific component may be directly connected to the other components without having an intervening component, or may be directly connected to the other components without having an intervening component.
All terms (including technical or scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs unless specifically defined otherwise. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a dual U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose buried pipe heat exchanger, which includes a heat pump evaporator 2, a heat pump condenser 1, a user-side water separator 8, a user-side water collector 9, a ground-source-side total water separator 3, a ground-source-side total water collector 4, a plurality of buried heat exchange pipes 5 and a plurality of switch valves 7, wherein the plurality of buried heat exchange pipes 5 are buried in underground soil, and each of the buried heat exchange pipes 5 has a dual U-shaped structure, the plurality of switch valves 7 are disposed between the heat pump evaporator 2 or the heat pump condenser 1 and the ground-source-side total water separator 3 or the ground-source-side total water collector 4 or the user-side water collector 9 or the user-side water collector 8, and the plurality of switch valves 7 are switched, so that in a winter operation mode, the user-side water separator 8 and the user-side water collector 9 are connected to the heat pump condenser 1, the ground source side main water distributor 3 and the ground source side main water collector 4 are connected with the heat pump evaporator 2; in the summer operation mode, the user-side water distributor 8 and the user-side water collector 9 are connected to the heat pump evaporator 2, and the ground source-side total water distributor 3 and the ground source-side total water collector 4 are connected to the heat pump condenser 1.
Further, the plurality of switching valves 7 includes a first switching valve 71, a second switching valve 72, a third switching valve 73, a fourth switching valve 74, a fifth switching valve 75, a sixth switching valve 76, a seventh switching valve 77, and an eighth switching valve 78, wherein the first switching valve 71 is provided between the heat pump evaporator 2 and the ground source side total water collector 4, the second switching valve 72 is provided between the heat pump condenser 1 and the user side water collector 9, the third switching valve 73 is provided between the heat pump condenser 1 and the user side water separator 8, the fourth switching valve 74 is provided between the heat pump evaporator 2 and the ground source side total water separator 3, the fifth switching valve 75 is provided between the heat pump evaporator 2 and the user side water collector 9, the sixth switching valve 76 is provided between the heat pump evaporator 2 and the user side water separator 8, the seventh switching valve 77 is disposed between the heat pump condenser 1 and the ground source-side main water collector 4, and the eighth switching valve 78 is disposed between the heat pump condenser 1 and the ground source-side main water separator 3.
Further, in the winter operation mode, the first switching valve 71, the second switching valve 72, the third switching valve 73, and the fourth switching valve 74 are opened, and the fifth switching valve 75, the sixth switching valve 76, the seventh switching valve 77, and the eighth switching valve 78 are closed; in the summer operation mode, the first switching valve 71, the second switching valve 72, the third switching valve 73, and the fourth switching valve 74 are closed, and the fifth switching valve 75, the sixth switching valve 76, the seventh switching valve 77, and the eighth switching valve 78 are opened.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a structural design method for a dual U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger as shown in fig. 1, which specifically includes the following steps:
and S1, determining the depth of the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes according to the local geological exploration data and the heat exchange performance data of the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes.
The buried pipe heat exchanger takes a ground soil source and a water source as heat exchange media, obtains or absorbs heat, and transfers heat energy or cold energy to a user side through refrigeration or heating compression so as to realize energy required by refrigeration or heating. In an embodiment of the structural design method of the dual U-shaped dual-purpose ground heat exchanger of the present invention, the step S1 may specifically include:
step S11, local geological exploration data is obtained, and the local geological exploration data at least comprises: depth data H of an underground constant temperature zone (20 +/-0.5 ℃) and water flow velocity of rocks and gravel layers in the area with the depth H.
The present invention is specifically illustrated by taking the example of the easy technical improvement of a ground heat exchanger in a cigarette factory in Henan. In the concrete implementation, local geological exploration data can be obtained from a geological exploration and heat exchange test report of a ground source heat pump which is easily technically modified in a complex cigarette factory, a high and new economic technology development area in the complex area is shallow surface water within the depth of 100m, deep surface water within the depth of 100m-150m is deep surface water, the high and new economic technology development area is not influenced by seasonal changes all the year round, is a geological constant-temperature belt layer and is provided with abundant ground source water, the flow rate in the area is 0.05m/s, 200m-1100m is a heating zone, and the depth is increased by 100m every time, and the formation temperature rise is 2-5 ℃.
And step S12, acquiring heat exchange performance data of the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes 5, wherein the heat exchange performance data at least comprises the heat exchange amount per unit length of the underground heat exchange tubes in winter and summer and the comprehensive heat conductivity coefficient of the underground heat exchange tubes.
The double-U-shaped underground heat exchange tube with the outer diameter of 32mm and made of polyethylene is adopted, the heat exchange amount per unit length (namely the heat exchange amount per meter) in summer is 60W/m, the heat exchange amount per unit length in winter is 45W/m, and the comprehensive heat conductivity coefficient is 1.70.
And step S13, determining the depth of the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tube 5 to be 100m-150m according to the heat exchange amount per unit length, the comprehensive heat conductivity coefficient and the water flow speed in the region with the depth of H of the underground heat exchange tube 5 in winter and summer respectively.
Illustratively, in the invention, the depth of the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tube 5 is 150m, and when the effective depth of the vertical shaft hole is 150m, the annual temperature of the soil at the depth of 100m is constant at 19.6 ℃, and the exploration experiment conclusion shows that the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tube 5 with the depth of 150m is reliable and feasible.
And step S2, determining the air conditioning load required by the user side.
In an embodiment of the structural design method of the dual U-shaped dual-purpose ground heat exchanger of the present invention, the step S2 may specifically include:
and step S21, determining summer cooling load required by the user side according to the effective heating area of the control area and the design cooling capacity of the air conditioner per square meter.
And step S22, determining the winter heat load required by the user side according to the effective heating area of the control area and the design heat of the air conditioner per square meter.
The areas of heating and air conditioning required for the easy technical improvement of the wo ho cigarette factories are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 plan table for air conditioner and heating area of Loxowo factory
The design cooling capacity per square meter of air-conditioning area is 172W, the design heat capacity per square meter of air-conditioning area is 92W, the summer cooling load of each control area in table 1 is obtained by multiplying the effective heating area of the corresponding control area by the design cooling capacity per square meter of air-conditioning area, and the winter heating load of each control area in table 1 is obtained by multiplying the effective heating area of the corresponding control area by the design heat capacity per square meter of air-conditioning area. As can be seen from table 1, the cooling load in summer is 1965KW and the heating load in winter is 1051KW for the cooling and heating areas covered by the dual U-shaped cooling and heating dual-purpose ground pipe heat exchanger system.
It should be noted that, in some embodiments of the present invention, the load required by the user side may be calculated by using an empirical formula.
And step S3, selecting the type of the heat pump according to the air conditioning load required by the user side.
Specifically, two heat pumps of model number SGHP700L II are selected according to the summer cooling load and winter heating load required by the user side.
In a specific implementation, firstly, a heating mode of a ground source heat pump is determined, the nominal heating capacity of the heat pump is 1012KW, and the total heating capacity is 1012KW × 2 ═ 2024KW > 1051KW (winter heat load in table 1) because of 2 heat pumps. Other parameters of the heat pump of the model are as follows: air conditioning side (condensation side): the temperature of water supply and return is 45/40 ℃, and the flow of water supply and return of the condenser at the air conditioner side is 160m3H; the pipe resistance of the condenser is 0.05 MPa; the heating quantity is 1012 KW; the heat power of the compressor is 209kW (380V), and the water flow of the evaporator at the ground source side is 200m3/h。
Then, the refrigeration mode of the ground source heat pump is determined, the nominal refrigeration capacity of the heat pump is 930KW, and the total refrigeration capacity is 930KW multiplied by 2 multiplied by 1.1 which is 2046KW and is more than 1965KW (summer refrigeration load in table 1) because of 2 heat pumps. Other parameters of the refrigerator of the model are as follows: air conditioning side (evaporator): the temperature of water supply and return is 7/12 ℃, and the flow of water supply and return of the evaporator at the air conditioner side is 160m3H; the tube resistance of the evaporator is 0.05 MPa; the refrigerating capacity is 930KW (the refrigerating capacity adjusting range is 12.5-100%); the refrigeration power of the compressor is 179kW (380V); ground source measurement (condenser): the temperature of the cooling water is 25/30 ℃; the return water flow of the condenser at the ground source side is 200m3H; the tube resistance of the cooler is 0.09 MPa.
In order to ensure the supply of air-conditioning water and the heat dissipation of the water source side, the parameters of the circulating water pump are selected as follows:
the flow of the air-conditioning side circulating water pump is 190m3/h(>Air conditioner side evaporator water supply and return flow 160m3H), the lift is 32m, and the motor power is 30kW (380V).
The flow of the ground source side circulating water pump is 230m3/h(>Ground source side condenser water supply and return flow 160m3H), the lift is 28m, and the motor power is 30kW (380V).
TABLE 2 Heat Pump model selection Table
And step S4, determining the heat exchange amount of the heat pump evaporator and the heat pump condenser.
According to the thermal equilibrium method, the heat exchange amount of the ground source measurement heat exchanger is determined, and in an embodiment of the structural design method of the dual U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger of the present invention, the step S4 may specifically include:
step S41, in the winter operation mode, determining an absorption heat of the heat pump evaporator on the ground source side according to the following formula,
the heat absorbed by the ground source side is the heat pump heating capacity plus the compressor heating capacity. As seen from step S3, the ground source side absorbed heat is about 1012+209 to 1221kW per station.
Step S42, in the summer operating mode, determining a heat radiation amount of the heat pump condenser on the ground source side according to the following formula,
the ground source heat dissipation capacity is the heat pump refrigerating capacity plus the compressor refrigerating power. As shown in step S3, the ground source side heat dissipation is about 930+179 — 1109kW per station.
And step S5, calculating the heat absorbed by the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes from the soil or the heat discharged to the soil.
In an embodiment of the structural design method of the dual U-shaped dual-purpose ground heat exchanger of the present invention, the step S5 may specifically include:
step S51, in the summer operation mode, calculating the heat discharged into the soil by the double U-shaped buried heat exchange tubes according to the following formula:
wherein Q isCRepresenting heat of discharge, QSCExpressing cooling load of air-conditioning cooling area in summer, with KW unit and EER expressing heat pump cooling coefficient, i.e. ratio of cooling capacity to effective input power, and taking 6.5, QGIndicating the heat dissipation capacity of the pipeline in KW, QBAnd the unit of the heat dissipation capacity of the water pump is KW.
Step S52, under the winter operation mode, calculating the heat absorbed by the double U-shaped buried heat exchange tubes from the soil according to the following formula:
wherein Q isRDenotes the amount of heat absorbed, QWRExpressing heating load of heating area in winter, wherein the unit is KW, COP expresses heating coefficient of heat pump, i.e. ratio of heating amount of heat pump to input power, and Q is 5.6GIndicating the heat absorption of the pipeline in KW.
Wherein Q in formula (1) and formula (2)GEstimating according to the following formula:
QG＝1.16Q (3)
q represents the rated flow of the water pump and has the unit of t/h and QGEstimated as loss of 1 ℃.
Further, Q in the formula (1) and the formula (2) is calculated by the following formulaB：
QB＝2％×P (4)
Wherein P represents the water pump motor power.
In particular, the water pump motor power is 30KW, therefore QBTake 0.6 KW.
As can be seen from the combination of steps S2-S5, in the embodiment of the present invention,
i.e. in the embodiment of the invention the calculated heat of discharge is 2535KW and the heat of absorption is 2652 KW.
And step S6, selecting the type of the heat exchange tube of the ground heat exchanger.
Specifically, heat exchange tubes of polyethylene material and with outer diameters of 28mm-35mm, 60mm-66mm, 70mm-80mm and 85mm-95mm are adopted, and the length of each heat exchange tube is 10m-14 m.
The buried pipe heat exchanger is deeply buried underground and is contacted with high saline-alkali soil and rock stratum all year round, so that the buried pipe heat exchanger is required to have the characteristics of stable chemical property, corrosion resistance, high thermal conductivity, ageing resistance and the like, and the service life is 40-50 years; in addition, as the underground heat exchange tube has large use length, the underground heat exchange tube also has the characteristics of low price and convenience for cutting, blanking and installing the underground heat exchange tube by using a hot melting tube, and the PE (polyethylene) material is widely adopted in China, the inventor adopts the heat exchange tube with the following specification through market research, namely, in the embodiment of the invention, the polyethylene material is adopted, the outer diameters of the heat exchange tube are respectively 32mm, 63mm, 75mm and 90mm, the wall thicknesses of the heat exchange tube are respectively 3.0mm, 4.7mm, 5.6mm and 6.7mm, a single heat exchange tube with the length of 12m is adopted, and the heat conductivity of the heat exchange tube is 0.65W/(m DEG C).
TABLE 3 selection table for heat exchange tube of ground heat exchanger
And step S7, calculating the total length of the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes.
Specifically, the total length of the double-U-shaped underground heat exchange tube is calculated by adopting the following formula:
q represents the heat exchange quantity between the underground heat exchange tube and soil, the unit is KW, the maximum value of the discharged heat and the absorbed heat is taken, W represents the heat exchange quantity of the underground heat exchange tube in unit length, and 35W/m is taken.
In an embodiment of the present invention, it is,
and step S8, determining the number of the vertical wells, the diameter of the vertical wells, the distance between the vertical wells and the layout mode of the vertical wells.
The underground heat exchange tubes are designed to be U-shaped, water flow is divided into each underground heat exchange tube from the water distributor, flows through the bottom of each underground heat exchange tube, and is baffled into the water collector through the U-shaped baffles.
In order to increase the heat exchange area of the underground heat exchange tube and reduce the floor area of the vertical well hole, the underground heat exchange tube with the outer diameter of 32mm and the wall thickness of 3.0mm is distributed in a double-U-shaped mode, as shown in figure 3, the underground heat exchange tube is bent twice in the vertical well hole, and a double-flow-path design is adopted. In an embodiment of the structural design method of the dual U-shaped dual-purpose ground heat exchanger of the present invention, the step S8 may specifically include:
step S81, determining the number of the vertical well holes, which specifically comprises the following steps:
further, in an embodiment of the structural design method of the dual U-shaped cooling and heating dual-purpose ground heat exchanger of the present invention, the step S81 may specifically include:
step S811, determining the number of theoretical vertical wells according to the following formula:
N＝L/h＝L/(4×H) (6)
wherein L represents the total length of the calculated radiating pipes, the unit is m, H represents the total length of the radiating pipes arranged in each vertical shaft hole, the unit is m, H represents the depth of the vertical shaft hole, the depth of the constant temperature layer in the local geological exploration data is m.
Substituting L-75771 m and H-150 m into formula (6) yields N-75771/(4-150) 126 (pieces).
Step S812, designing a redundancy amount according to the one-use-one-standby scheme to determine the actual number of vertical wells.
The vertical well holes of the buried pipe are drilled once and distributed once, and cannot be repaired and reused, so that the redundancy of the vertical well holes is fully designed, and the number of the designed vertical well holes is 2 times of the calculated value. According to a one-use-one-backup scheme, the number of wells thus drilled is determined to be 126 × 2 — 256 apertures. To facilitate placement in three groups, the actual number of vertical wells is 240, with 80 wells per group.
And step S82, determining the diameter of the vertical shaft hole.
Specifically, the diameter of the vertical shaft hole is determined to be 150mm-200mm, as shown in fig. 3, in the embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the vertical shaft hole is 150 mm;
and step S83, determining the distance between the vertical shaft holes.
Specifically, a vertical well spacing of 3m-5m is determined, and in an embodiment of the invention, the vertical well spacing is 5m, as shown in fig. 3.
And step S84, determining the layout mode of the vertical shaft holes.
Further, in an embodiment of the structural design method of the dual U-shaped cooling and heating dual-purpose ground heat exchanger of the present invention, the step S84 may specifically include:
and S841, arranging the vertical shaft holes with the number of the actual vertical shaft holes according to the matrix in different areas.
The number of the actual vertical shaft holes is divided into three regions and arranged according to a matrix, one region is a group, each group comprises 80 vertical shaft holes, and the layout is shown in figure 4.
And step S842, setting a ground source side total water collector 4 and a ground source side total water distributor 3.
And S843, respectively arranging a small water collector and a small water separator in each area, wherein the outer diameters of a water inlet pipe (namely, a large water collector water inlet pipe 23) of the small water collector and a water outlet pipe (namely, a large water separator water outlet pipe 19) of the small water separator are 85-95 mm.
Fig. 4 shows zone I10, zone II 11, zone III 12 and 10 rows 24 of 150 column-depth 150m diameter shaft holes 16, respectively, with one zone I small collector trap 13 in zone I10, one zone II small collector trap 14 in zone II 11 and one zone III small collector trap 15 in zone III 12. Fig. 5 shows a pipe network connection diagram of the vertical-hole heat exchange pipe unit. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the outer diameters of the outlet pipe 19 of the large water separator and the inlet pipe 23 of the large water collector are 85mm-95mm, for example 90 mm.
And S844, separating a plurality of pairs of branch pipes on each small water collector and each small water separator, wherein the outer diameter of each branch pipe is 70-80 mm.
As shown in FIG. 5, the small water collector water distributors of each area are respectively provided with 8 small water distributor water outlet branch pipes 18 and 8 small water collector water return branch pipes 17, and the outer diameters of the small water distributor water outlet branch pipes 18 and the small water collector water return branch pipes 17 are 70mm-80mm, for example 75 mm.
And step S845, a plurality of pairs of thin branch pipes (namely the radiating pipes 22 in the well) are separated from each branch pipe, wherein the outer diameter of each thin branch pipe is 28mm-35 mm.
As shown in FIG. 5, the radiating pipe 22 in the well has an outer diameter of 28mm to 35mm, for example, 32mm, and a wall thickness of 3.0 mm. Every 10 well radiating pipes 22 form a group of well group main pipes 21 with the outer diameter of 60mm-65mm, for example 63mm, and the wall thickness of 4.7 mm.
And S846, connecting each pair of the thin branch pipes with an inlet and an outlet of a double-U-shaped underground heat exchange pipe, wherein the outer diameter of the double-U-shaped underground heat exchange pipe is 28-35 mm.
As described above, in the present invention, the double U-shaped buried heat exchange pipe has an outer diameter of 32mm and a wall thickness of 3.0 mm.
Further, in an embodiment of the structural design method of the dual U-shaped cooling and heating dual-purpose ground heat exchanger of the present invention, the step S84 may further include:
step S847, arranging a static hydraulic balance valve 20 on a connecting pipeline of the ground source side main water collector 4 and the ground source side main water distributor 3.
Hydraulic balancing may be achieved by a static hydraulic balancing valve 20. In the present invention, the number of the static hydraulic balance valves 20 is 4, and the distribution positions are as shown in fig. 5, and it should be noted that the number and the distribution positions of the static hydraulic balance valves 20 are not particularly limited in the present invention.
Furthermore, in an embodiment of the structural design method of the dual U-shaped dual-purpose ground heat exchanger of the present invention, the step S843 may specifically include:
and S8431, respectively arranging the small water collectors and the small water distributors of all the areas in an outdoor blind well type water collecting and distributing chamber.
In an implementation mode of the invention, the size of the blind well type water collecting and distributing chamber is 2 meters by 4.3 meters, and the depth is 2.8 meters, and it should be noted that the shape and size of the blind well type water collecting and distributing chamber are not specifically limited.
Step S8432, each small water collector and branch pipes separated from each small water collector are made of polyethylene pipes, joints are made of hot-melt welding, the branch pipes are made of polyurethane prefabricated heat-preservation pipes and are laid in a direct-buried mode, and high-density polyethylene shells are used as outer protection shells.
S8433, taking out the blind hole type water collecting and distributing chamber to each vertical well hole, adopting a polyethylene pipe for a ground source heat pump for each thin branch pipe which is separated from each branch pipe, wherein the pipeline burial depth of the thin branch pipe is-2 m to-1.8 m, the working pressure of the ground source side pipeline is 0.4MPa, and the test pressure is 0.6 MPa.
In one implementation of the invention, the pipeline burial depth of the thin branch pipe is-1.8 m. In addition, the well drilling is civil engineering, after the well drilling, slurry spraying treatment needs to be carried out on the inner wall of the well, the pipe is penetrated immediately, the flowing sand layer is prevented from collapsing, and after the pipe is embedded, filling treatment is carried out.
In conclusion, the underground heat exchange tube is arranged in a double-U shape, so that the drilling space is fully utilized, the length and the heat exchange area of the underground heat exchange tube are increased, the floor area of the heat exchanger is reduced, the number of drilled holes is reduced, and the construction cost is reduced; the heat exchanger is designed in a large U shape, water flows into a ground source side main water separator from an outlet of a heat pump evaporator or a heat pump condenser, flows out of a ground source side main water collector, is divided into a plurality of branch pipes to the deep part of a ground source, and is subjected to U-shaped deflection to the ground source side main water collector through soil heat exchange, and is pumped to the heat pump evaporator or the heat pump condenser from the ground source side main water collector; the number of the vertical well holes and the length of the underground heat exchange tubes are selected to have redundancy 2 times of the designed number, 1-3 groups can be opened according to the load of an air conditioner during operation, one-time investment is ensured, the operation life is prolonged by 40 years, and the operation life and the operation reliability of the whole heat exchange system are improved; the established mathematical model has reference function for the ground heat exchangers of different regions and different geological structures.
According to the structural design method of the double-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose buried pipe heat exchanger provided by the embodiment of the invention, the buried heat exchange pipes are distributed in a large U-shaped structure, and the buried heat exchange pipes in each vertical shaft hole are distributed in a double U-shaped manner, so that the space in the vertical shaft hole is fully utilized, the length of the buried heat exchange pipes is increased, and the floor area of the heat exchanger is reduced; the quantity of the vertical well holes and the length of the underground heat exchange tubes are selected to have redundancy 2 times of the design value, and the vertical well holes and the underground heat exchange tubes can be used one by one during operation, so that the operation reliability is improved; the structural design method can be suitable for the design requirements of the ground heat exchangers in different regions.
Thus, various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail. Some details that are well known in the art have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the present disclosure. It will be fully apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description how to practice the presently disclosed embodiments.
Although some specific embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail by way of example, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing examples are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made in the above embodiments or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A structural design method of a double U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the depth of the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes according to local geological exploration data and the heat exchange performance data of the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes;
determining the air conditioning load required by a user side;
selecting the type of the heat pump according to the air conditioning load required by the user side;
determining the heat exchange quantity of a heat pump evaporator and a heat pump condenser;
calculating the heat absorbed by the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes from soil or the heat discharged to the soil;
selecting the type of a heat exchange tube of the ground heat exchanger;
calculating the total length of the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes;
and determining the number of the vertical wells, the diameter of the vertical well holes, the distance between the vertical well holes and the layout mode of the vertical well holes.
2. The structural design method of the double-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose buried pipe heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the determining the depth of the double-U-shaped buried heat exchange pipe according to local geological exploration data and heat exchange performance data of the double-U-shaped buried heat exchange pipe specifically comprises:
obtaining local geological exploration data, wherein the local geological exploration data at least comprises the following components: depth data H of an underground constant temperature zone (20 +/-0.5 ℃) and water flow speeds of rocks and gravel layers in an area with the depth of H;
acquiring heat exchange performance data of the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes, wherein the heat exchange performance data at least comprises heat exchange amount per unit length of the underground heat exchange tubes in winter and summer and comprehensive heat conductivity coefficient of the underground heat exchange tubes;
and determining the depth of the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes to be 100m-150m according to the heat exchange amount per unit length, the comprehensive heat conductivity coefficient and the water flow speed in the region with the depth of H of the underground heat exchange tubes in winter and summer respectively.
3. The structural design method of the dual U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the determining the air conditioning load required by the user side specifically comprises:
determining summer cooling load required by a user side according to the effective heating area of the control area and the cooling capacity designed by the air conditioner per square meter;
and determining the winter heat load required by the user side according to the effective heating area of the control area and the design heat of the air conditioner per square meter.
4. The structural design method of the dual-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger according to claim 3, wherein the type selection of the heat pump according to the air conditioning load required by the user side specifically comprises:
two heat pumps with model number of SGHP700LII are selected according to the summer cold load and winter heat load required by the user side.
5. The structural design method of the dual U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the heat exchange amount of the heat pump evaporator and the heat pump condenser specifically comprises:
in the winter mode of operation, the heat absorption of the heat pump evaporator on the ground source side is determined according to the following formula,
the heat absorbed by the ground source side is the heat pump heating capacity plus the heat power of the compressor;
in the summer operating mode, the heat radiation amount of the heat pump condenser on the ground source side is determined according to the following formula,
the ground source heat dissipation capacity is the heat pump refrigerating capacity plus the compressor refrigerating power.
6. The structural design method of the double-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose buried pipe heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the calculating of the heat absorbed by the double-U-shaped buried heat exchange pipes from soil or the heat discharged to soil specifically comprises:
in a summer operation mode, calculating the heat discharged into the soil by the double U-shaped underground heat exchange tubes according to the following formula:
wherein Q isCRepresenting heat of discharge, QSCExpressing cooling load of air-conditioning cooling area in summer, with KW unit and EER expressing heat pump cooling coefficient, i.e. ratio of cooling capacity to effective input power, and taking 6.5, QGIndicating the heat dissipation capacity of the pipeline in KW, QBIndicating water pump machineryThe heat dissipation capacity is, in KW,
in the winter operation mode, the heat absorbed by the double U-shaped buried heat exchange tubes from the soil is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein Q isRDenotes the amount of heat absorbed, QWRExpressing heating load of heating area in winter, wherein the unit is KW, COP expresses heating coefficient of heat pump, i.e. ratio of heating amount of heat pump to input power, and Q is 5.6GRepresents the heat absorption capacity of the pipeline, and the unit is KW,
q in formula (1) and formula (2)GEstimating according to the following formula:
QG＝1.16Q (3)
q represents the rated flow of the water pump and has the unit of t/h and QGEstimated according to the loss of 1 ℃;
q in the formula (1) and the formula (2) is calculated by the following formulaB：
QB＝2％×P (4)
Wherein P represents the water pump motor power.
7. The structural design method of the double-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the type selection of the heat exchange tubes of the ground heat exchanger specifically comprises:
the heat exchange tubes are made of polyethylene materials and have outer diameters of 28mm-35mm, 60mm-66mm, 70mm-80mm and 85mm-95mm respectively, and the length of each heat exchange tube is 10m-14 m.
8. The structural design method of the double-U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose buried pipe heat exchanger according to claim 6, wherein the calculating the total length of the double-U-shaped buried heat exchange pipes specifically comprises:
the total length of the double-U-shaped underground heat exchange tube is calculated by adopting the following formula:
q represents the heat exchange quantity between the underground heat exchange tube and soil, the unit is KW, the maximum value of the discharged heat and the absorbed heat is taken, W represents the heat exchange quantity of the underground heat exchange tube in unit length, and 35W/m is taken.
9. The structural design method of the dual U-shaped cold and hot dual-purpose ground heat exchanger according to claim 7, wherein the determining of the number of vertical wells, the diameter of the vertical wells, the distance between the vertical wells and the layout of the vertical wells specifically comprises:
determining the number of vertical well holes, which specifically comprises the following steps:
determining the theoretical number of vertical wells according to the following formula:
N＝L/h＝L/(4×H) (6)
wherein L represents the total length of the radiating pipes calculated, the unit is m, H represents the total length of the radiating pipes arranged in each vertical shaft hole, the unit is m, H represents the depth of the vertical shaft hole, the depth of the constant temperature layer in the local geological exploration data, the unit is m,
designing redundancy according to a one-use-one-standby scheme to determine the number of the actual vertical well holes;
determining the diameter of a shaft hole, and specifically comprising the following steps:
determining the aperture of a vertical shaft hole to be 150mm-200 mm;
determining the distance between the vertical shaft holes, which specifically comprises the following steps:
determining the vertical well hole distance of 3m-5 m;
determining a vertical well hole layout mode, specifically comprising:
arranging the vertical well holes with the number of actual vertical well holes in a matrix in different areas;
arranging a ground source side main water collector and a ground source side main water separator;
respectively arranging a small water collector and a small water separator in each area, wherein the outer diameters of a water inlet pipe of the small water collector and a water outlet pipe of the small water separator are 85-95 mm;
a plurality of pairs of branch pipes are distributed on each small water collector and each small water distributor, wherein the outer diameter of each branch pipe is 70-80 mm;
a plurality of pairs of thin branch pipes are branched from each branch pipe, wherein the outer diameter of each thin branch pipe is 28-35 mm;
and connecting each pair of the thin branch pipes with an inlet and an outlet of the double-U-shaped underground heat exchange pipe, wherein the outer diameter of the double-U-shaped underground heat exchange pipe is 28-35 mm.
10. The structural design method of a dual U-shaped dual purpose geothermal heat exchanger according to claim 9, wherein the determining the number of vertical wells, the diameter of the vertical wells, the pitch of the vertical wells, and the layout of the vertical wells further comprises:
a static hydraulic balance valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the ground source side main water collector and the ground source side main water distributor,
and, set up a little water collector and little water knockout drum respectively in each region, specifically include:
respectively arranging the small water collectors and the small water distributors of all the areas in an outdoor blind well type water collecting and distributing chamber;
branch pipes branched from each small water collector and each small water distributor are made of polyethylene pipes, joints are welded by hot melting, the branch pipes are made of polyurethane prefabricated heat-insulating pipes and are directly buried, and high-density polyethylene shells are used as outer protective shells;
and each thin branch pipe which is taken out of the blind well type water collecting and distributing chamber to each vertical well hole and is separated from each branch pipe adopts a polyethylene pipe for a ground source heat pump, the pipeline buried depth of the thin branch pipe is-2 m to-1.8 m, the working pressure of the ground source side pipeline is 0.4MPa, and the test pressure is 0.6 MPa.
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