CN113341359B - Magnetic measurement data confidence level evaluation method for Overhauser magnetometer - Google Patents

Magnetic measurement data confidence level evaluation method for Overhauser magnetometer Download PDF

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CN113341359B
CN113341359B CN202110549877.6A CN202110549877A CN113341359B CN 113341359 B CN113341359 B CN 113341359B CN 202110549877 A CN202110549877 A CN 202110549877A CN 113341359 B CN113341359 B CN 113341359B
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董浩斌
郑利东
葛健
刘欢
罗望
王洪鹏
孟涛
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China University of Geosciences
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for evaluating the magnetic measurement data confidence level of an Overhauser magnetometer, which comprises the steps of establishing a mapping relation between different types of noise and FID signal characteristics to obtain the influences of the different types of noise on the signal characteristics, including amplitude change, attenuation speed and the like; roughly representing the signal quality by the signal attenuation speed, and establishing an X evaluation system; analyzing a function expression of the noisy signal, establishing a signal-to-noise ratio expression, and establishing a Y evaluation system on the basis; establishing a magnetic measurement error expression, and analyzing the magnetic measurement error under different conditions; establishing a Z evaluation system on the basis of the fluctuation change of the magnetic field and the change of the magnetic measurement error; x, Y, Z form an integral magnetic measurement data confidence level evaluation method, so that real-time accurate evaluation of magnetic measurement data quality in different measurement environments is realized.

Description

Magnetic measurement data confidence level evaluation method for Overhauser magnetometer
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of magnetic measurement, in particular to a confidence level evaluation method for magnetic measurement data of an Overhauser magnetometer.
Background
The geomagnetic field is a weak vector field formed by superposition of magnetic fields from different sources, and geomagnetic field information in different measurement environments has differences. Accurate acquisition of geomagnetic field information can affect the development of the fields of space exploration, national defense construction, geological and mineral resource investigation, medical instruments and the like. Therefore, the geomagnetic field high-precision measurement is realized, and the accurate evaluation on the confidence level of the magnetic field measurement data is of practical significance. Among the multiple types of magnetic measuring instruments, the Overhauser magnetometer is a scalar magnetometer with the highest absolute measurement accuracy. However, in the actual measurement process, it is unknown whether the measured value of the magnetic field can truly represent the change situation of the geomagnetic field. The existing commercial Overhauser magnetometer with more applications comprises GEM-19 series developed by GEM company of Canada and POS series of quantum magnetometry laboratory of university of Russian Wulal national technology, and has the quality evaluation function. Because the related research on the Overhauser magnetometer in China starts late, a confidence level evaluation system is not completely established, and the quality of magnetic measurement data is not only determined by the quality of signals, but also is influenced by comprehensive influences including daily variation interference, algorithm errors and the like. The evaluation method can not only realize the signal quality evaluation, but also further realize the evaluation of the true confidence level of the magnetic measurement data.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for evaluating magnetic measurement data confidence level of an Overhauser magnetometer, which comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing an FID signal expression under the influence of different types of noise to obtain the influence degrees of the different types of noise on the signal characteristics, including amplitude change and attenuation speed;
s2, roughly representing the signal quality by the signal attenuation speed, and establishing an X evaluation system;
s3, analyzing a function expression of the noisy signal, establishing a signal-to-noise ratio expression, and establishing a Y evaluation system on the basis;
s4, establishing a magnetic measurement error expression, and analyzing the magnetic measurement error under different conditions;
s5, establishing a Z evaluation system on the basis of the fluctuation change of the magnetic field and the change of the magnetic measurement error;
s6, forming an overall magnetic measurement data confidence level evaluation method by X, Y, Z, and realizing real-time accurate evaluation of the magnetic measurement data quality in different measurement environments.
Further, in S1, the FID signal characteristics under different types of noise influence are expressed as:
Figure BDA0003075002930000021
wherein a represents the initial amplitude of the noisy signal, b represents the influence of the narrow-band noise on the phase, c represents the influence of the white noise and the internal thermal noise interference, and T represents the influence of the narrow-band noise on the phase2Representing the signal relaxation time, t representing the time, epsilonF(t) represents a noisy Larmor signal representation.
Further, to further describe the signal attenuation speed, the signal envelope curve function is represented by f (t), and the X evaluation system formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003075002930000022
Figure BDA0003075002930000023
where x denotes the time required for a fixed change in the envelope function, a denotes the initial amplitude of the noisy signal, T2Represents the signal relaxation time, t represents time, f (0) represents the initial amplitude of the envelope function, the sampling period is 1s, and X represents the evaluation result of the signal decay rate.
Further, the Y evaluation system formula of S3 is as follows:
Figure BDA0003075002930000031
where y represents the signal-to-noise level of the sensor output signal, ny0＝x·fxNumber of accumulations required to represent amplitude of noisy signals, fxIndicates the frequency of the Larmor signal to be measured, and sigma is c.x.fx≈m·|x-1|·x·fxRepresenting the accumulation of noise in the output signal, k and m being constants, f (0) representing the initial amplitude of the envelope function, c representing the effect of white noise and internal thermal noise interference, and Y representing the evaluation of the signal-to-noise ratio of the signalAnd (5) fruit.
Further, the magnetism measurement error Δ B of S4fThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure BDA0003075002930000032
where x denotes the time required for a fixed change in the envelope function, y denotes the signal-to-noise level of the signal, k1、k2、k1'、k2' both are constants, X, Y represent the results of the evaluation of the signal decay rate and signal to noise ratio of the signal, respectively.
Further, the Z evaluation system formula established in S5 is as follows:
Figure BDA0003075002930000033
wherein, Delta BiTo measure the magnitude of the difference, Δ BfAs a magnetic error, F' (Δ B)i) Represents the mapping function between the measured difference and the evaluation system, F' (Δ B)i)＝[10-ΔBi]。
Further, the overall magnetic data confidence level evaluation method formula formed in S6 is as follows:
QOM＝G(x,y,ΔBi,ΔBf)＝XYZ
wherein the factors influencing the signal quality X and Y include signal attenuation speed X, signal-to-noise ratio Y, and the factor influencing the magnetic measurement data error Z is influenced by the signal quality and the magnetic measurement fluctuation size Delta BiMagnetic measurement error Delta BfThe combined effect of (a).
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) carrying out theoretical analysis on the signal quality related characteristic change, and establishing a signal quality evaluation system; (2) when the signal quality does not change, the QOM evaluation result can reflect the fluctuation level of the measurement data in real time; (3) when the external environment is changed violently, the QOM evaluation result can reflect the signal quality change and the change of the true confidence level of the magnetic measurement data in time.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating the confidence level of magnetic measurement data of an Overhauser magnetometer according to the invention;
fig. 2 is a signal envelope curve diagram under different magnetic field environments.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for evaluating magnetic data confidence level of Overhauser magnetometer; the confidence level of the magnetic field measurement data is mainly influenced by two aspects including the quality of the output signal of the sensor and the error of a frequency measurement algorithm. Firstly, the larmor signal output by the sensor is influenced by external interference (white noise, color noise, narrow-band noise and phase noise), and the signal quality is further influenced by internal noise (thermal noise) after passing through the signal conditioning circuit. On the other hand, the frequency measurement errors are different under different signal-to-noise ratios, although the signal quality may not be greatly affected by changes of external magnetic field background interference and the like, the magnetic field measurement value is affected by the interference to generate fluctuation of different degrees, and the true confidence level of the magnetic measurement data is affected.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, establishing an FID signal expression under the influence of different types of noise to obtain the influence degrees of the different types of noise on the signal characteristics, including amplitude change and attenuation speed;
when the Overhauser magnetometer continuously observes in a measuring environment with complex change, the signal characteristics can be changed, so that the signal-to-noise ratio and the measuring error are influenced, the Larmor signal is a sinusoidal signal which exponentially attenuates along with time, and the signal quality can be preliminarily judged by analyzing the characteristic changes such as signal attenuation speed, signal envelope smoothness and the like; the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003075002930000051
wherein a represents the beginning of a noisy signalStarting amplitude, b represents the influence of narrow-band noise on phase, c represents the influence of white noise and internal thermal noise interference, T2Representing the signal relaxation time, t representing the time, epsilonF(t) represents a noisy Larmor signal representation.
S2, roughly representing the signal quality by the signal attenuation speed, and establishing an X evaluation system;
referring to fig. 2, to further describe the signal attenuation speed, f (t) is used to represent the signal envelope curve function, the X evaluation system formula of S2 is as follows:
Figure BDA0003075002930000052
Figure BDA0003075002930000053
where x denotes the time required for a fixed change in the envelope function, a denotes the initial amplitude of the noisy signal, T2Represents the signal relaxation time, t represents time, f (0) represents the initial amplitude of the envelope function, the sampling period is 1s, and X represents the evaluation result of the signal decay rate.
S3, analyzing a function expression of the noisy signal, establishing a signal-to-noise ratio expression, and establishing a Y evaluation system on the basis; the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003075002930000061
where y represents the signal-to-noise level of the sensor output signal, ny0＝x·fxNumber of accumulations required to represent amplitude of noisy signals, fxIndicates the frequency of the Larmor signal to be measured, and sigma is c.x.fx≈m·|x-1|·x·fxThe method comprises the steps of representing accumulation of noise of an output signal, wherein k and m are constants, f (0) represents initial amplitude of an envelope function, c represents influence of white noise and internal thermal noise interference, and Y represents an evaluation result of signal to noise ratio of the signal.
S4, establishing a magnetic measurement error expression, and analyzing the magnetic measurement error under different conditions; the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003075002930000062
where x denotes the time required for a fixed change in the envelope function, y denotes the signal-to-noise level of the signal, k1、k2、k1'、k2' both are constants, X, Y respectively represent the evaluation results of the signal attenuation speed and the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal, and XY represents the signal quality evaluation results as a whole.
S5, establishing a Z evaluation system on the basis of the fluctuation change of the magnetic field and the change of the magnetic measurement error; the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003075002930000063
wherein, Delta BiTo measure the magnitude of the difference, Δ BfFor magnetic field measurement errors, the greater the magnetic field fluctuation, the greater the magnetic field measurement error, and the lower the confidence level of the magnetic field measurement data, F' (Δ B)i) Represents the mapping function between the measured difference and the evaluation system, F' (Δ B)i)＝[10-ΔBi]。
S6, forming an overall magnetic measurement data confidence level evaluation method by X, Y, Z, realizing real-time accurate evaluation of magnetic measurement data quality in different measurement environments, and providing convenience for field test work, wherein the formula is as follows:
QOM＝G(x,y,ΔBi,ΔBf)＝XYZ
wherein the factors affecting the signal quality X and Y include signal attenuation speed X, signal-to-noise ratio Y, and the factor affecting the magnetic data error Z is affected by the signal quality (XY) and the magnetic fluctuation size Delta BiMagnetic measurement error Delta BfThe combined effect of (a).
The method carries out theoretical analysis on the signal quality related characteristic change and establishes a signal quality evaluation system;
in a stable measurement environment, the signal quality is basically kept unchanged, the interference of the environment where the sensor is located is changed (a magnetic object is used for approaching the sensor), the evaluation results of the commercial instrument (GEM-19) and the QOM evaluation method for the signal quality are respectively compared, and the QOM evaluation result and the GEM-19 evaluation result have the same trend as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 evaluation results of signal quality under different magnetic test environments
Figure BDA0003075002930000071
When the signal quality is not changed, the QOM evaluation result can reflect the fluctuation level of the measured data in real time, and when the magnetic field fluctuates in different degrees, the evaluation result of Z also changes.
When the external environment is changed violently, the QOM evaluation result can reflect the signal quality change and the change of the magnetic measurement data true confidence level in time, when the signal quality is low and the magnetic measurement fluctuation is large, the measured value cannot reflect the geomagnetic field true level really, and the evaluation result also shows that the magnetic measurement data confidence level is low at the moment.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (2)

1. A magnetic measurement data confidence level evaluation method of an Overhauser magnetometer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, establishing an FID signal expression under the influence of different types of noise to obtain the influence degrees of the different types of noise on the signal characteristics, including amplitude change and attenuation speed;
the FID signal characteristic expression under the influence of different types of noise is as follows:
Figure FDA0003499840350000012
wherein a represents the initial amplitude of the noisy signal, b represents the influence of the narrow-band noise on the phase, c represents the influence of the white noise and the internal thermal noise interference, and T represents the influence of the narrow-band noise on the phase2Representing the signal relaxation time, t representing the time, epsilonF(t) represents a noisy Larmor signal representation;
s2, roughly representing the signal quality by the signal attenuation speed, and establishing an X evaluation system;
to further describe the signal attenuation speed, a signal envelope curve function is expressed by f (t), and the X evaluation system formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003499840350000013
Figure FDA0003499840350000011
where x denotes the time required for a fixed change in the envelope function, a denotes the initial amplitude of the noisy signal, T2Representing the relaxation time of the signal, t representing the time, f (0) representing the initial amplitude of the envelope function, the sampling period being 1s, and X representing the evaluation result of the signal attenuation speed;
s3, analyzing a function expression of the noisy signal, establishing a signal-to-noise ratio expression, and establishing a Y evaluation system on the basis;
the formula of the Y evaluation system is as follows:
Figure FDA0003499840350000021
where y represents the signal-to-noise level of the sensor output signal, ny0＝x·fxIs expressed as containingNumber of accumulations required for the amplitude of the noise signal, fxIndicates the frequency of the Larmor signal to be measured, and sigma is c.x.fx≈m·|x-1|·x·fxRepresenting the accumulation of noise of an output signal, wherein k and m are constants, f (0) represents the initial amplitude of an envelope function, c represents the influence of white noise and internal thermal noise interference, and Y represents the evaluation result of the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal;
s4, establishing a magnetic measurement error expression, and analyzing the magnetic measurement error under different conditions;
the magnetic measurement error Delta BfThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003499840350000022
where x denotes the time required for a fixed change in the envelope function, y denotes the signal-to-noise level of the signal, k1、k2、k1'、k2' are constants, X, Y respectively represent the evaluation results of signal attenuation speed and signal-to-noise ratio of the signal;
s5, establishing a Z evaluation system on the basis of the fluctuation change of the magnetic field and the change of the magnetic measurement error;
the established Z evaluation system formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003499840350000023
wherein, Delta BiTo measure the magnitude of the difference, Δ BfAs a magnetic error, F' (Δ B)i) Represents the mapping function between the measured difference and the evaluation system, F' (Δ B)i)＝[10-ΔBi]；
S6, forming an overall magnetic measurement data confidence level evaluation method by X, Y, Z, and realizing real-time accurate evaluation of the magnetic measurement data quality in different measurement environments.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the overall magnetic data confidence level evaluation method of S6 is formulated as follows:
QOM＝G(x,y,ΔBi,ΔBf)＝XYZ
wherein the factors influencing the signal quality X and Y include signal attenuation speed X, signal-to-noise ratio Y, and the factor influencing the magnetic measurement data error Z is influenced by the signal quality and the magnetic measurement fluctuation size Delta BiMagnetic measurement error Delta BfThe combined effect of (a).
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