CN113340856A - Noise removal algorithm of optical sensor and visibility calculation method thereof - Google Patents

Noise removal algorithm of optical sensor and visibility calculation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113340856A
CN113340856A CN202110620068.XA CN202110620068A CN113340856A CN 113340856 A CN113340856 A CN 113340856A CN 202110620068 A CN202110620068 A CN 202110620068A CN 113340856 A CN113340856 A CN 113340856A
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infrared
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CN113340856B (en
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王�华
全威
田进保
盖志超
满永兴
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Wuhan Zhiteng Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a noise removal algorithm of an optical sensor, which is realized by the following steps: step one, firstly, calculating the actual number of received photons
Figure DDA0003099463080000011
Step two, utilizing a mathematical statistical method to compare the number of received photons C in step oneiAnd the output light intensity value IiLinear regression is carried out, B is obtained by calculationi=Cr0(ii) a Step three, calculating the true value of the number of received photons of the receiving device of the photoelectric sensor
Figure DDA0003099463080000012
According to the noise removal algorithm for the photoelectric sensor, the true value of the number of received photons is used for calculating the possible detection device more accurately when the numerical value of the photoelectric sensor is calculated, so that the detection device can remove the numerical value of noise generated by changing the ambient temperature when the numerical value of the photoelectric sensor is calculated. Noise removal algorithm of the inventionThe method can be applied to different detection devices using photoelectric sensors.

Description

Noise removal algorithm of optical sensor and visibility calculation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical detection, in particular to a noise removal algorithm of an optical sensor and a calculation method for calculating visibility by adopting the noise removal algorithm.
Background
As is well known, different types of sensors are used for collecting measurement data in some detection devices, wherein the principle of a photoelectric sensor is that light emitted by an emitting device of the photoelectric sensor is attenuated by air, is received by a receiving device of the photoelectric sensor and converted into an electric signal, and then is received by a detection circuit such as an input circuit and an operational amplifier and finally output as photon number, and the obtained photon number is used for calculating the result of the detection device. When the photoelectric sensor is used in a detection device, the noise generated by the ambient temperature can bring certain influence on detection data, and cause inaccurate detection. Especially, if this optical sensor is used for visibility to detect time, can make the detection of visibility less accurate when the data that optical sensor obtained is inaccurate to bring the potential safety hazard for driving.
Accordingly, the present inventors have made extensive studies on the above problems, and as a result, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a noise removal algorithm of an optical sensor, which eliminates the influence of noise generated by environment temperature change on the detection of the optical sensor.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a visibility calculation method using an optical sensor that can accurately detect visibility.
To achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention is as follows: a noise removal algorithm for a light sensor is implemented by the following steps:
step one, inputting n (n) to a transmitting device of a photoelectric sensor>3) The current value of each of the linear changes,make the emitting device of the photoelectric sensor output different output light intensity Ii(I ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), at n different intensity values IiNext, the receiving device of the photoelectric sensor actually receives different current values Ai(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), and different numbers of received photons C were obtainedi(i is 1, 2, 3 …, n), and the dark current is a due to the change of the ambient temperatureTThen, the receiving current value of the receiving device of the photoelectric sensor
Figure BDA0003099463060000021
(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), where
Figure BDA0003099463060000022
Is the true value of the receiving current obtained when the light of the emitting device is irradiated to the light receiving device under the current input light intensity, and the actual number of the received photons of the receiving device
Figure BDA0003099463060000023
(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), where
Figure BDA0003099463060000024
Is based on the true value of the received current
Figure BDA0003099463060000025
Generating a true value of the number of received photons, Cr0Is caused by dark current ATThe number of generated photons is the noise value generated by the change of the environmental temperature;
step two, utilizing a mathematical statistical method to compare the number of received photons C in step oneiAnd the output light intensity value IiLinear regression is performed, and C is seti=KiIi+BiThe slope of the fitted line is
Figure BDA0003099463060000026
Figure BDA0003099463060000027
And step one
Figure BDA0003099463060000028
I.e. B can be calculatedi=Cr0;
Step three, when IiThe value of (a) is 0,
Figure BDA0003099463060000029
the number of received photons C of the receiving means of the photosensori=Bi=Cr0In this case, since the dark current is constant in a short time and the number of photons due to noise is constant, let BiWhen the value is 0, the true value of the number of the received photons of the receiving device of the photoelectric sensor is obtained
Figure BDA00030994630600000210
A visibility calculation method using an optical sensor is realized by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the detection system is installed, a detection device, a convex lens, a red light filter and a light reflecting piece are sequentially arranged at a detection position, the detection device, the convex lens, the red light filter and the light reflecting piece are sequentially arranged on the same straight line at intervals, the convex lens, the red light filter and the light reflecting piece are vertically arranged, the detection device is provided with two light emitters and two light detectors, one light emitter is a red light emitter capable of emitting red light, the other light emitter is an infrared emitter capable of emitting infrared light, one light detector is a red light detector for receiving red light, the other light detector is an infrared light detector for receiving infrared light, the emitting direction of the red light emitter, the emitting direction of the infrared emitter, the receiving direction of the red light detector and the receiving direction of the infrared light detector all face towards the convex lens, and the distance between the detection device and the convex lens is 3-10cm, the distance between the convex lens and the red light filter is 15-25cm, the visible light filter and the reflecting piece are arranged close to each other, and the reflecting piece is an infrared light reflecting piece for reflecting infrared light back from the original path;
step two, the noise removal algorithm is specifically realized by the following steps:
step a) transmitting the infrared emitter and the red light emitter respectivelyN (n)>3) A linearly varying current value to make the infrared emitter and the red emitter output different output light intensities Ii(I ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), at n different intensity values IiNext, the infrared light detector receives a different current value A1i(i is 1, 2, 3 …, n), and different infrared light receiving photon numbers are obtained, C1i(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), the red detector received different current values a2i(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), and a different number of red-light-receiving photons C2 was obtainedi(i is 1, 2, 3 …, n), and the dark current is a due to the change of the ambient temperatureTThen, the received current value of the infrared light detector
Figure BDA0003099463060000031
(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), where
Figure BDA0003099463060000032
Is the true value of the receiving current obtained when the light of the infrared light emitter irradiates the infrared light detector under the current input light intensity, and the number of the infrared light receiving photons of the infrared light detector
Figure BDA0003099463060000033
(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), where
Figure BDA0003099463060000034
Is based on the true value of the received current
Figure BDA0003099463060000035
True value of the number of infrared photons generated, C1r0Is infrared light in dark current ATThe number of infrared photons generated at the lower part is the noise value generated by the change of the environmental temperature; received current value of red light detector
Figure BDA0003099463060000036
(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), where
Figure BDA0003099463060000037
Is at the current input light intensityThe true value of the receiving current obtained when the light of the red light emitter irradiates the red light detector, and the number of the red light receiving photons of the red light detector
Figure BDA0003099463060000038
(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), where
Figure BDA0003099463060000039
Is based on the true value of the received current
Figure BDA00030994630600000310
True value of the number of red-light-receiving photons generated, C2r0Is red light at dark current ATThe number of red photons generated;
step b), respectively counting the number of infrared receiving photons C1 in step a) by using a mathematical statistical methodiAnd the output light intensity value IiAnd the number of red light-receiving photons C2iAnd the output light intensity value IiLinear regression is performed, let C1i=K1iIi+B1i,C2i=K2iIi+B2iThe slope of the fitted line of infrared light is
Figure BDA0003099463060000041
In step a)
Figure BDA0003099463060000042
B1 can be calculatedi=C1r0(ii) a Similarly, the slope of the fitted line of red light is
Figure BDA0003099463060000043
In step a)
Figure BDA0003099463060000044
B2 can be calculatedi=C2r0
Step c) when IiThe value of (a) is 0,
Figure BDA0003099463060000045
the infrared light receiving photon number C1 of the infrared light detectori=B1i=C1r0The red light receiving photon number C2 of the red light detectori=B2i=C2r0Since the dark current is constant in a short time and the number of photons due to noise is constant, B1 is definediWhen the value is equal to 0, the true value of the infrared light receiving photon number of the infrared light detector is obtained
Figure BDA0003099463060000046
Similarly, let B2iWhen the red light receiving photon number is 0, the true value of the red light receiving photon number of the red light detector is obtained
Figure BDA0003099463060000047
Step three, eliminating the infrared back scattering light, because the infrared light receiving photon number true value of the infrared light detector
Figure BDA00030994630600000414
The number of infrared backward radiation photons is C1SiThe number of infrared transmission photons is CTiThen, then
Figure BDA0003099463060000049
Figure BDA00030994630600000410
And in step c)
Figure BDA00030994630600000411
Namely CTi=K1iIi-C1SiFurthermore, the red light receives the photon number true value due to the arrangement of the red light filter
Figure BDA00030994630600000412
Let the number of red backscattered photons be C2SiI.e. by
Figure BDA00030994630600000413
Meanwhile, setting the distance between the convex lens and the red light filter as d, and the backscattering energy equation p (d) of the light detector at the distance d is as follows:
Figure BDA0003099463060000051
in the formula, p0Is the emission power of the photodetector, c is the speed of light, τ is the pulse width, AdFor the effective receiving area, Y (d) is the optical properties of the photodetector, β (d) is the backscattering coefficient, TdIs the transmission factor; according to the transmission factor of light in the aerosol particles
Figure BDA0003099463060000052
Wherein I is the transmitted light intensity, I0Is the incident light intensity, this incident light intensity I0The output light intensity I of the step twoi
The conversion of p (d) at this distance d into the photon number C is in the form of
Figure BDA0003099463060000053
Eta is the quantum efficiency of the optical detector, lambda is the wavelength of light, h is the Planck constant, and t is the time between the emission of the optical transmitter and the reception of the optical detector; the number of red backscattered photons C2S at the distance d can be foundi(d) And the number of infrared backscattered photons C1Si(d) In a ratio of
Figure BDA0003099463060000054
Figure BDA0003099463060000055
In the formula, λRWavelength of red light, λIRIs the wavelength of infrared light, betaR) d) is the red light backscattering coefficient, betaIR(d) Is the infrared light backscattering coefficient, TrRIs the red light transmission factor, TrIRThe infrared backscattered photon number C1S can be obtained by using the formula of the ratio of the red backscattered photon number to the infrared backscattered photon number as the infrared light transmission factoriBy using
Figure BDA0003099463060000056
The infrared transmission photon number CT can be obtained by the formulai
Step four, according to the infrared transmitted photon number CT obtained in step threeiThe transmission factor of infrared light can be obtained
Figure BDA0003099463060000057
Wherein C is0At a light intensity value I0The number of received photons of the infrared light detector when the lower light propagation distance is 0; then the Beer-Bouguer-Lambert theorem TrIR=e-σ2dObtaining extinction coefficient sigma of infrared light, where e is the base of natural number logarithm and 2d is optical path, and substituting the obtained extinction coefficient sigma into visibility calculation formula
Figure BDA0003099463060000058
The visibility can be obtained.
By adopting the technical scheme, the noise removal algorithm of the optical sensor can calculate the value of the noise generated due to the change of the environmental temperature in the measured data of the optical sensor to obtain the test true value of the optical sensor, eliminate the noise generated due to the environmental temperature, enable the detection device to calculate the test data of the optical sensor more accurately, and improve the detection accuracy of the detection device.
According to the visibility calculation method adopting the optical sensor, the number of backward radiation photons of infrared light and the noise value generated by the change of the ambient temperature can be considered during the visibility calculation, so that the visibility calculation accuracy is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to further explain the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is explained in detail by the following specific examples.
A noise removal algorithm for a light sensor is implemented by the following steps:
step one, inputting n (n) to a transmitting device of a photoelectric sensor>3) A linearly varying current value to drive the emitting device of the photoelectric sensorDifferent output light intensity Ii(I ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), at n different intensity values IiNext, the receiving device of the photoelectric sensor actually receives different current values Ai(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), and different numbers of received photons C were obtainedi(i is 1, 2, 3 …, n), and the dark current is a due to the change of the ambient temperatureTThen, the receiving current value of the receiving device of the photoelectric sensor
Figure BDA0003099463060000061
(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), where
Figure BDA0003099463060000062
Is the true value of the receiving current obtained when the light of the emitting device is irradiated to the light receiving device under the current input light intensity, and the actual number of the received photons of the receiving device
Figure BDA0003099463060000063
(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), where
Figure BDA0003099463060000064
Is based on the true value of the received current
Figure BDA0003099463060000065
Generating a true value of the number of received photons, Cr0Is caused by dark current ATThe number of generated photons is the noise value generated by the change of the environmental temperature;
step two, utilizing a mathematical statistical method to compare the number of received photons C in step oneiAnd the output light intensity value IiLinear regression is performed, and C is seti=KiIi+BiThe slope of the fitted line is
Figure BDA0003099463060000066
Figure BDA0003099463060000071
And step one
Figure BDA0003099463060000072
I.e. B can be calculatedi=Cr0;Implementation of this step reduces the effect of white noise;
step three, when IiThe value of (a) is 0,
Figure BDA0003099463060000073
the number of received photons C of the receiving means of the photosensori=Bi=Cr0In this case, since the dark current is constant in a short time and the number of photons due to noise is constant, let BiWhen the value is 0, the true value of the number of the received photons of the receiving device of the photoelectric sensor is obtained
Figure BDA0003099463060000074
By adopting the steps, the true value of the number of received photons of the photoelectric sensor can be obtained, so that the detection device can accurately calculate the possible detection device by utilizing the true value of the number of received photons when calculating the numerical value of the photoelectric sensor, and the detection device can remove the numerical value of noise caused by the change of the ambient temperature when calculating the numerical value of the photoelectric sensor. The noise removal algorithm of the present invention can be applied to different detection devices employing photoelectric sensors.
The invention discloses a noise removal algorithm of an optical sensor, which comprises the following steps: the detection system is installed, as shown in fig. 1, a detection device 1, a convex lens 2, a red light filter 3 and a reflector 4 are arranged at a detection position, the detection device 1, the convex lens 2, the red light filter 3 and the reflector 4 are sequentially arranged on the same straight line at intervals, the convex lens 2, the red light filter 3 and the reflector 4 are vertically arranged, the detection device 1 is provided with two light emitters and two light detectors, one light emitter is a red light emitter (not shown) capable of emitting a beam of light 100, the other light emitter is an infrared emitter (not shown) capable of emitting an infrared light 200, one light detector is a red light detector for receiving the red light, the other light detector is an infrared light detector for receiving the infrared light, the red light emitter, the infrared emitter, the red light detector and the infrared light detector are all known, the emission direction of the red light emitter, the emission direction of the infrared emitter, and the emission direction of the infrared emitter, The receiving direction of the red light detector and the receiving direction of the infrared light detector face the convex lens 2, the distance between the detection device 1 and the convex lens 2 is 3-10cm, preferably, the distance between the emitting end of the red light emitter, the emitting end of the infrared emitter, the detecting end of the red light detector and the detecting end of the infrared light detector and the convex lens 2 is 5cm, the distance between the convex lens 2 and the red light filter 3 is 15-25cm, preferably 20cm, the visible light filter 3 and the reflector 4 are arranged close to each other, preferably, closely matched, and the reflector 4 is an infrared light reflector for reflecting infrared light back from the original way;
step two, the noise removal algorithm is specifically realized by the following steps:
step a) inputting n (n) to the infrared emitter and the red light emitter respectively>3) A linearly varying current value to make the infrared emitter and the red emitter output different output light intensities Ii(I ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), at n different intensity values IiNext, the infrared light detector receives a different current value A1i(i is 1, 2, 3 …, n), and different infrared light receiving photon numbers are obtained, C1i(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), the red detector received different current values a2i(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), and a different number of red-light-receiving photons C2 was obtainedi(i is 1, 2, 3 …, n), and the dark current is a due to the change of the ambient temperatureTThen, the received current value of the infrared light detector
Figure BDA0003099463060000081
(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), where
Figure BDA0003099463060000082
Is the true value of the receiving current obtained when the light of the infrared light emitter irradiates the infrared light detector under the current input light intensity, and the number of the infrared light receiving photons of the infrared light detector
Figure BDA0003099463060000083
(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), where
Figure BDA0003099463060000084
Is based on the true value of the received current
Figure BDA0003099463060000085
True value of the number of infrared photons generated, C1r0Is infrared light in dark current ATThe number of infrared photons generated at the lower part is the noise value generated by the change of the environmental temperature; received current value of red light detector
Figure BDA0003099463060000086
(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), where
Figure BDA0003099463060000087
Is the true value of the receiving current obtained when the light of the red light emitter irradiates the red light detector under the current input light intensity, and the number of the red light receiving photons of the red light detector
Figure BDA0003099463060000088
(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), where
Figure BDA0003099463060000089
Is based on the true value of the received current
Figure BDA00030994630600000810
True value of the number of red-light-receiving photons generated, C2r0Is red light at dark current ATThe number of red photons generated;
step b), respectively counting the number of infrared receiving photons C1 in step a) by using a mathematical statistical methodiAnd the output light intensity value IiAnd the number of red light-receiving photons C2iAnd the output light intensity value IiLinear regression is performed, let C1i=K1iIi+B1i,C2i=K2iIi+B2iThe slope of the fitted line of infrared light is
Figure BDA0003099463060000091
In step a)
Figure BDA0003099463060000092
B1 can be calculatedi=C1r0;Similarly, the slope of the fitted line of red light is
Figure BDA0003099463060000093
In step a)
Figure BDA0003099463060000094
B2 can be calculatedi=C2r0
Step c) when IiThe value of (a) is 0,
Figure BDA0003099463060000095
the infrared light receiving photon number C1 of the infrared light detectori=B1i=C1r0The red light receiving photon number C2 of the red light detectori=B2i=C2r0Since the dark current is constant in a short time and the number of photons due to noise is constant, B1 is definediWhen the value is equal to 0, the true value of the infrared light receiving photon number of the infrared light detector is obtained
Figure BDA0003099463060000096
Similarly, let B2iWhen the red light receiving photon number is 0, the true value of the red light receiving photon number of the red light detector is obtained
Figure BDA0003099463060000097
Step three, eliminating the infrared back scattering light, because the infrared light receiving photon number true value of the infrared light detector
Figure BDA0003099463060000098
The number of infrared backward radiation photons is C1SiThe number of infrared transmission photons is CTiThen, then
Figure BDA0003099463060000099
Figure BDA00030994630600000910
And in step c)
Figure BDA00030994630600000911
Namely CTi=K1iIi-C1SiFurthermore, the red light receives the photon number true value due to the arrangement of the red light filter
Figure BDA00030994630600000912
Let the number of red backscattered photons be C2SiI.e. by
Figure BDA00030994630600000913
Meanwhile, setting the distance between the convex lens and the red light filter as d, and the backscattering energy equation p (d) of the light detector at the distance d is as follows:
Figure BDA00030994630600000914
in the formula, p0Is the emission power of the photodetector, c is the speed of light, τ is the pulse width, AdFor the effective receiving area, Y (d) is the optical properties of the photodetector, β (d) is the backscattering coefficient, TdIs the transmission factor; according to the transmission factor of light in the aerosol particles
Figure BDA0003099463060000101
Wherein I is the transmitted light intensity, I0Is the incident light intensity, this incident light intensity I0The output light intensity I of the step twoi
The conversion of p (d) at this distance d into the photon number C is in the form of
Figure BDA0003099463060000102
Eta is the quantum efficiency of the optical detector, lambda is the wavelength of light, h is the Planck constant, and t is the time between the emission of the optical transmitter and the reception of the optical detector; the number of red backscattered photons C2S at the distance d can be foundi(d) And the number of infrared backscattered photons C1Si(d) In a ratio of
Figure BDA0003099463060000103
Figure BDA0003099463060000104
In the formula, λRWavelength of red light, λIRIs the wavelength of infrared light, betaR(d) Is the red light backscattering coefficient, betaIR(d) Is the infrared light backscattering coefficient, TrRIs the red light transmission factor, TrIRThe infrared backscattered photon number C1S can be obtained by using the formula of the ratio of the red backscattered photon number to the infrared backscattered photon number as the infrared light transmission factoriBy using
Figure BDA0003099463060000105
The infrared transmission photon number CT can be obtained by the formulai
Step four, according to the infrared transmitted photon number CT obtained in step threeiThe transmission factor of infrared light can be obtained
Figure BDA0003099463060000106
Wherein C is0At a light intensity value I0The number of received photons of the infrared light detector when the lower light propagation distance is 0; then the Beer-Bouguer-Lambert theorem TrIR=e-σ2dObtaining extinction coefficient sigma of infrared light, where e is the base of natural number logarithm and 2d is optical path, and substituting the obtained extinction coefficient sigma into visibility calculation formula
Figure BDA0003099463060000107
The visibility can be obtained.
The invention relates to a visibility calculation method adopting a light sensor, when in application, a detection device emits red light and infrared light, the red light and the infrared light pass through a convex lens 2 to a red light filter 3, at the moment, the red light and the infrared light are influenced by particles in the air in the process of transmitting to the red light filter, a small amount of backward scattering of the red light and the infrared light occurs, most of the red light is filtered by the red light filter 3 and cannot be reflected to an infrared light detector, the number of photons received by the red light detector is the number of photons of red light backward radiation, the infrared light passes through the red light filter 3 to a reflector 4 and is reflected to the detection device by an original circuit of the reflector 4, the number of photons received by the infrared light detector at the detection device is the sum of the number of infrared transmission photons and the number of photons of infrared light backward radiation, the number of photons of backward radiation can be calculated when the visibility is calculated, the problem that backward heat dissipation is not considered in traditional visibility calculation is solved, the calculation accuracy of visibility is greatly improved, and furthermore, noise values generated by ambient temperature are removed in visibility calculation, so that the visibility calculation is more accurate.
In the visibility calculation method, the light reflecting piece in the first step is a cylinder, one surface of the light reflecting piece facing the red light filter is adhered with a 3MM light reflecting film, preferably the cylinder is a prism, infrared light at different angles can be reflected back by utilizing the matching of the 3MM light reflecting film and the prism, and the visibility calculation accuracy is further ensured.
The above examples and drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any suitable changes or modifications thereof by one of ordinary skill in the art should be considered as not departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A noise removal algorithm of an optical sensor is characterized by being realized by the following steps:
step one, inputting n (n) to a transmitting device of a photoelectric sensor>3) The linear current value makes the emitting device of the photoelectric sensor output different output light intensity Ii(I ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), at n different intensity values IiNext, the receiving device of the photoelectric sensor actually receives different current values Ai(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), and different numbers of received photons C were obtainedi(i is 1, 2, 3 …, n), and the dark current is a due to the change of the ambient temperatureTThen, the receiving current value of the receiving device of the photoelectric sensor
Figure FDA0003099463050000011
Wherein
Figure FDA0003099463050000012
Is the true value of the receiving current obtained when the light of the emitting device is irradiated to the light receiving device under the current input light intensity, and the actual number of the received photons of the receiving device
Figure FDA0003099463050000013
Wherein
Figure FDA0003099463050000014
Is based on the true value of the received current
Figure FDA0003099463050000015
Generating a true value of the number of received photons, Cr0Is caused by dark current ATThe number of generated photons is the noise value generated by the change of the environmental temperature;
step two, utilizing a mathematical statistical method to compare the number of received photons C in step oneiAnd the output light intensity value IiLinear regression is performed, and C is seti=KiIi+BiThe slope of the fitted line is
Figure FDA0003099463050000016
Figure FDA0003099463050000017
And step one
Figure FDA0003099463050000018
I.e. B can be calculatedi=Cr0;
Step three, when IiThe value of (a) is 0,
Figure FDA0003099463050000019
the number of received photons C of the receiving means of the photosensori=Bi=Cr0In this case, since the dark current is constant in a short time and the number of photons due to noise is constant, let BiWhen the value is 0, the photoelectric conversion is obtainedTrue value of number of received photons of receiving means of sensor
Figure FDA00030994630500000110
2. A visibility calculation method using an optical sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the detection system is installed, a detection device, a convex lens, a red light filter and a light reflecting piece are sequentially arranged at a detection position, the detection device, the convex lens, the red light filter and the light reflecting piece are sequentially arranged on the same straight line at intervals, the convex lens, the red light filter and the light reflecting piece are vertically arranged, the detection device is provided with two light emitters and two light detectors, one light emitter is a red light emitter capable of emitting red light, the other light emitter is an infrared emitter capable of emitting infrared light, one light detector is a red light detector for receiving red light, the other light detector is an infrared light detector for receiving infrared light, the emitting direction of the red light emitter, the emitting direction of the infrared emitter, the receiving direction of the red light detector and the receiving direction of the infrared light detector all face towards the convex lens, and the distance between the detection device and the convex lens is 3-10cm, the distance between the convex lens and the red light filter is 15-25cm, the visible light filter and the reflecting piece are arranged close to each other, and the reflecting piece is an infrared light reflecting piece for reflecting infrared light back from the original path;
step two, the noise removal algorithm is specifically realized by the following steps:
step a) inputting n (n) to the infrared emitter and the red light emitter respectively>3) A linearly varying current value to make the infrared emitter and the red emitter output different output light intensities Ii(I ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), at n different intensity values IiNext, the infrared light detector receives a different current value A1i(i is 1, 2, 3 …, n), and different infrared light receiving photon numbers are obtained, C1i(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), the red detector received different current values a2i(i ═ 1, 2, 3 …, n), and a different number of red-light-receiving photons C2 was obtainedi(i=1,2,3…,n)Dark current caused by environmental temperature change is set as ATThen, the received current value of the infrared light detector
Figure FDA0003099463050000021
Wherein
Figure FDA0003099463050000022
Is the true value of the receiving current obtained when the light of the infrared light emitter irradiates the infrared light detector under the current input light intensity, and the number of the infrared light receiving photons of the infrared light detector
Figure FDA0003099463050000023
Wherein
Figure FDA0003099463050000024
Is based on the true value of the received current
Figure FDA0003099463050000025
True value of the number of infrared photons generated, C1r0Is infrared light in dark current ATThe number of infrared photons generated at the lower part is the noise value generated by the change of the environmental temperature; received current value of red light detector
Figure FDA0003099463050000031
Wherein
Figure FDA0003099463050000032
Is the true value of the receiving current obtained when the light of the red light emitter irradiates the red light detector under the current input light intensity, and the number of the red light receiving photons of the red light detector
Figure FDA0003099463050000033
Wherein
Figure FDA0003099463050000034
Is based on the true value of the received current
Figure FDA0003099463050000035
True value of the number of red-light-receiving photons generated, C2r0Is red light at dark current ATThe number of red photons generated;
step b), respectively counting the number of infrared receiving photons C1 in step a) by using a mathematical statistical methodiAnd the output light intensity value IiAnd the number of red light-receiving photons C2iAnd the output light intensity value IiLinear regression is performed, let C1i=K1iIi+B1i,C2i=K2iIi+B2iThe slope of the fitted line of infrared light is
Figure FDA0003099463050000036
In step a)
Figure FDA0003099463050000037
B1 can be calculatedi=C1r0(ii) a Similarly, the slope of the fitted line of red light is
Figure FDA0003099463050000038
In step a)
Figure FDA0003099463050000039
B2 can be calculatedi=C2r0
Step c) when IiThe value of (a) is 0,
Figure FDA00030994630500000310
Figure FDA00030994630500000311
the infrared light receiving photon number C1 of the infrared light detectori=B1i=C1r0The red light receiving photon number C2 of the red light detectori=B2i=C2r0Since the dark current is constant in a short time and the number of photons due to noise is constant, B1 is definediIs equal to 0, i.eObtaining the true value of the infrared receiving photon number of the infrared detector
Figure FDA00030994630500000312
Similarly, let B2iWhen the red light receiving photon number is 0, the true value of the red light receiving photon number of the red light detector is obtained
Figure FDA00030994630500000313
Step three, eliminating the infrared back scattering light, because the infrared light receiving photon number true value of the infrared light detector
Figure FDA00030994630500000314
The number of infrared backward radiation photons is C1SiThe number of infrared transmission photons is CTiThen, then
Figure FDA00030994630500000315
Figure FDA00030994630500000316
And in step c)
Figure FDA00030994630500000317
Namely CTi=K1iIi-C1SiFurthermore, the red light receives the photon number true value due to the arrangement of the red light filter
Figure FDA00030994630500000318
Let the number of red backscattered photons be C2SiI.e. by
Figure FDA0003099463050000041
Meanwhile, setting the distance between the convex lens and the red light filter as d, and the backscattering energy equation p (d) of the light detector at the distance d is as follows:
Figure FDA0003099463050000042
in the formula, p0Is the emission power of the photodetector, c is the speed of light, τ is the pulse width, AdFor the effective receiving area, Y (d) is the optical properties of the photodetector, β (d) is the backscattering coefficient, TdIs the transmission factor; according to the transmission factor of light in the aerosol particles
Figure FDA0003099463050000043
Wherein I is the transmitted light intensity, I0Is the incident light intensity, this incident light intensity I0The output light intensity I of the step twoi
The conversion of p (d) at this distance d into the photon number C is in the form of
Figure FDA0003099463050000044
Eta is the quantum efficiency of the optical detector, lambda is the wavelength of light, h is the Planck constant, and t is the time between the emission of the optical transmitter and the reception of the optical detector; the number of red backscattered photons C2S at the distance d can be foundi(d) And the number of infrared backscattered photons C1Si(d) In a ratio of
Figure FDA0003099463050000045
Figure FDA0003099463050000046
In the formula, λRWavelength of red light, λIRIs the wavelength of infrared light, betaR(d) Is the red light backscattering coefficient, betaIR(d) Is the infrared light backscattering coefficient, TrRIs the red light transmission factor, TrIRThe infrared backscattered photon number C1S can be obtained by using the formula of the ratio of the red backscattered photon number to the infrared backscattered photon number as the infrared light transmission factoriBy using
Figure FDA0003099463050000047
The infrared transmission photon number CT can be obtained by the formulai
Step four, according to the infrared transmitted photon number CT obtained in step threeiThe transmission factor of infrared light can be obtained
Figure FDA0003099463050000048
Wherein C is0At a light intensity value I0The number of received photons of the infrared light detector when the lower light propagation distance is 0; then the Beer-Bouguer-Lambert theorem TrIR=e-σ2dObtaining extinction coefficient sigma of infrared light, where e is the base of natural number logarithm and 2d is optical path, and substituting the obtained extinction coefficient sigma into visibility calculation formula
Figure FDA0003099463050000049
The visibility can be obtained.
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