CN113338878B - Method for water injection and oil displacement under micro-fracture pressure of low/ultra-low permeability reservoir - Google Patents
Method for water injection and oil displacement under micro-fracture pressure of low/ultra-low permeability reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/20—Displacing by water
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of oil extraction, in particular to a method for water injection and oil displacement under the micro-fracture pressure of a low/ultra-low permeability reservoir. Aiming at the characteristics of low/ultra-low permeability oil reservoirs, intelligent software is adopted to dynamically monitor in real time on line and automatically control water injection pressure, water injection amount and temperature, so that a large number of micro cracks are formed in a stratum, water is injected under micro fracture pressure, the stratum is filled with the micro cracks, if part of the micro cracks are connected with natural cracks in series to form a high permeability channel, a plugging agent is immediately injected for plugging, the final result is that the stratum is filled with the micro cracks, injected water can be easily injected, meanwhile, the water cannot suddenly enter along the high permeability channel, the sweep coefficient of the injected water is improved to the maximum extent, and the recovery ratio is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil extraction, in particular to a method for water injection and oil displacement under the micro-fracture pressure of a low/ultra-low permeability reservoir.
Background
The low/ultra-low permeability reservoir has the characteristics of low permeability, low porosity and large seepage resistance, and the mine field shows the characteristics of no injection and no production, and the development reflects the characteristics of low single well yield, fast yield decrement, large production stabilizing difficulty, difficult energy supplement and low recovery ratio of the oil well.
The conventional method is to perform fracturing transformation on the stratum of the low/ultra-low permeability reservoir, namely, to press and form artificial cracks in the stratum to improve the flow conductivity of the stratum.
At present, the productivity, inflow dynamics, seepage characteristics, fracturing modes and well type selection of low/ultra-low permeability reservoirs are widely researched, but the water flooding technology under the micro-fracture pressure of the low/ultra-low permeability reservoirs is not researched and is a blank in the research field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a brand-new water injection process designed aiming at the characteristics of low/ultra-low permeability reservoirs, aiming at injecting water near the micro fracture pressure of stratum rock to keep the stratum in a micro fracture state, implementing deep plugging on a small amount of formed communication fractures, then injecting water under the micro fracture pressure for the second time, and finally forming a large amount of micro fracture three-dimensional networks in the stratum by reciprocating to achieve the purpose of improving swept volume and recovery ratio.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for flooding a low/ultra-low permeability reservoir at microfracture pressure, comprising the steps of:
s1: acquiring stratum parameters;
s2: inputting the acquired stratum parameters into automatic studying and judging software, and adopting an artificial/intelligent control technology to judge whether the stratum has a hypertonic channel or not according to the internal model programming by the automatic studying and judging software;
s3: under the condition that no high-permeability channel exists, controlling the water injection pressure and the water injection amount of the hydraulic booster pump to enable the formation to generate micro cracks, and keeping the pressure to continue injecting water under the micro crack state, so as to achieve the purposes of improving the formation energy and expanding the oil sweeping volume;
s4: and the automatic studying and judging software monitors dynamic parameters of injection pressure, water injection flow and plugging agent injection amount in real time through the real-time monitoring module, if part of the microcracks are connected in series again to form an advantageous channel, plugging is carried out again, and the plugging is repeated until a large number of microcrack networks are formed among the oil-water wells.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the formation parameters in step S1 include permeability, porosity, saturation, initial formation pressure, burial depth, petrophysical parameters, formation temperature, and reservoir average pressure.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the automatic studying and judging software comprises a low/ultra-low permeability reservoir micro-fracture pressure seam network model, an advantageous channel volume calculation model, a real-time monitoring module, an automatic regulation and control module and a core processing module, wherein the low/ultra-low permeability reservoir micro-fracture pressure seam network model, the advantageous channel volume calculation model, the real-time monitoring module and the automatic regulation and control module are all connected with the core processing module;
the automatic studying and judging software comprises a low/ultra-low permeability reservoir micro-fracture pressure seam network model: judging whether a stratum has a high permeability channel or not;
the dominant channel volume calculation model is as follows: calculating the high-permeability channel according to the formed high-permeability channel, and automatically adjusting the injection amount of the plugging agent;
the real-time monitoring module: monitoring dynamic parameters of injection pressure and injection flow in real time;
the automatic regulation and control module: the method comprises the steps of displaying formation parameter real-time monitoring data, displaying the rotating speed (r/min), the pressure (Mpa) and the flow (ml/d), automatically optimizing by one key, stopping, pausing, adjusting the rotating speed, adjusting the injection amount and selecting a plugging agent;
the core module is: and processing the regulation and control parameters of the regulation and control module, and generating the model.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the control principle of the automated studying and judging software is as follows:
1): determining according to a low/ultra-low permeability oil reservoir micro-fracture pressure seam network model, wherein the model divides a stratum into two parts, namely a matrix part and a micro-fracture part, in order to ensure the precision of the model, the starting pressure gradient is considered in the flowing process, and the stress sensitivity effect is considered in the fracture process;
2): the automatic studying and judging software is internally packaged with a real-time monitoring module, the real-time monitoring module has the function of monitoring the underground condition in real time, and when the injection pressure is suddenly reduced and exceeds the range of a set safety threshold, the condition that micro cracks are connected in series to form a high-permeability strip in the stratum can be judged;
3): and determining according to the dominant channel volume calculation model, firstly, after the dominant channel is formed, the underground flow meets Darcy seepage flow, and parameters of the length, width and height of the seam can be calculated according to the model, so that the volume of the dominant channel is determined, and the volume of the injected plugging agent can be determined.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the step S2 artificial/intelligent control technical mechanism comprises a reservoir imbibition mechanism, an unstable waterflood enhanced recovery mechanism and an injection-production coupling mechanism.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the oil reservoir imbibition mechanism is as follows: imbibition occurs when the matrix is saturated with a non-wetting phase (oil or gas) and the fracture network is saturated with a wetting phase (water) if capillary pressure, gravity and injection pressure are such that the wetting phase is imbibed into the rock mass and the non-wetting phase is expelled.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the unstable waterflood enhanced oil recovery mechanism is: the fluid cross-permeation under the unstable pressure gradient is utilized, the imbibition function of the oil reservoir is fully exerted under the micro-fracture, the oil in the micro capillary is replaced, and the partial reserve of the oil layer which does not participate in the seepage is activated by utilizing the time when the energy of the water injection oil layer is greatly reduced in the pressure reduction process.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the injection-production coupling mechanism is: the method comprises the steps of oil well production, water well stop injection, water well water injection and oil well stop production, the displacement pressure difference of the broken side zone and the fault included angle area is established, the water flooding wave reach degree is improved, the longitudinal and plane problems of two sets of layer systems are relieved simultaneously through multi-layer injection-production coupling, the well opening rate of the oil-water well is improved, and the development benefit is improved.
As a preferred technical scheme, the mechanism of the reconstruction of the hypertonic channel profile control seam net is as follows:
profile control is carried out on the cracks with the formed dominant channels: the aim of plugging is realized by adopting an organic or inorganic plugging agent;
repeated fracturing results in new fractures: the micro-fracture pressure is equivalent to continuous repeated fracturing, new seams can continuously appear, and the additive effect of the intelligent plugging-adjusting unstable water injection technology can greatly improve the seepage capability.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. aiming at the characteristics of low/ultra-low permeability oil reservoirs, intelligent software is adopted to dynamically monitor in real time on line and automatically control water injection pressure, water injection amount and temperature, so that a large number of micro cracks are formed in a stratum, water is injected under micro fracture pressure, the stratum is filled with the micro cracks, if part of the micro cracks are connected with natural cracks in series to form a high permeability channel, a plugging agent is immediately injected for plugging, the final result is that the stratum is filled with the micro cracks, injected water can be easily injected, meanwhile, the water cannot suddenly enter along the high permeability channel, the sweep coefficient of the injected water is improved to the maximum extent, and the recovery ratio is improved.
2. The stratum condition is complicated, if the condition of local pressure channeling occurs, software can study and judge in time, stop water injection and inject plugging agents suitable for a target oil reservoir in time, implement deep plugging, and effectively plug a high-permeability strip.
3. After effective plugging, the pressure and the discharge capacity are controlled in a micro-fracture pressure interval to form a micro-crack network for two times, and therefore repeated and timely multiple rounds of alternate operation are carried out, and finally an alternate crack network body is formed.
4. On the basis of monitoring pressure, water injection quantity and temperature in real time, water injection parameters are automatically optimized and controlled, and the result of maximizing the volume of the seam net is achieved.
5. The input power, the pressure and the discharge capacity of related matched equipment are adjustable and controllable; the plugging agent injection and the water injection can be alternately carried out and instantaneously switched.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of microcracking under rupture pressure conditions in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a profile view of a high permeability channel of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an injected water induced fracture configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the steps of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. water injection well, 2, microcrack, 3, dominant channel, 4, plugging agent, 5, oil production well.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, technical features, objects and technical effects of the present invention easily understandable, the present invention is further described below with reference to the specific drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
fig. 1 and 5 show a flow chart and a step chart of the present invention.
The technical scheme of the method for flooding the low/ultra-low permeability reservoir under the micro-fracture pressure comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring stratum parameters; formation parameters include permeability, porosity, saturation, initial formation pressure, burial depth and petrophysical parameters, formation temperature and reservoir mean pressure. By obtaining the permeability, porosity, saturation, initial formation pressure, burial depth, rock physical property parameters, formation temperature and average reservoir pressure in the formation parameters, the formation is conveniently judged to be a high-permeability channel or not through the formation parameters.
S2: inputting the acquired stratum parameters into automatic studying and judging software, and adopting an artificial/intelligent control technology to judge whether the stratum has a hypertonic channel or not according to the internal model programming by the automatic studying and judging software; fig. 3 is a profile view of a high permeation pathway of the present invention.
The artificial/intelligent control technology mechanism comprises an oil reservoir imbibition mechanism, an unstable water injection enhanced recovery mechanism and an injection-production coupling mechanism.
The oil reservoir imbibition mechanism is as follows: imbibition occurs when the matrix is saturated with a non-wetting phase (oil or gas) and the fracture network is saturated with a wetting phase (water) if capillary pressure, gravity and injection pressure are such that the wetting phase is imbibed into the rock mass and the non-wetting phase is expelled. Fig. 2 and 4 are schematic diagrams of the micro-fracture pattern and the injected water induced fracture structure under the fracture pressure condition of the present invention.
The unstable waterflood enhanced recovery mechanism: the fluid cross-permeation under the unstable pressure gradient is utilized, the imbibition function of the oil reservoir is fully exerted under the micro-fracture, the oil in the micro capillary is replaced, and the partial reserve of the oil layer which does not participate in the seepage is activated by utilizing the time when the energy of the water injection oil layer is greatly reduced in the pressure reduction process.
The injection-production coupling mechanism is as follows: the method comprises the steps of oil well production, water well stop injection, water well water injection and oil well stop production, the displacement pressure difference of the broken side zone and the fault included angle area is established, the water flooding wave reach degree is improved, the longitudinal and plane problems of two sets of layer systems are relieved simultaneously through multi-layer injection-production coupling, the well opening rate of the oil-water well is improved, and the development benefit is improved.
The automatic studying and judging software comprises a low/ultra-low permeability reservoir micro-fracture pressure seam network model, an advantageous channel volume calculation model, a real-time monitoring module, an automatic regulating and controlling module and a core processing module, wherein the low/ultra-low permeability reservoir micro-fracture pressure seam network model, the advantageous channel volume calculation model, the real-time monitoring module and the automatic regulating and controlling module are all connected with the core processing module;
the low/ultra-low permeability reservoir micro-fracture pressure seam network model comprises the following steps: judging whether a stratum has a high permeability channel or not;
the dominant channel volume calculation model is as follows: calculating the high-permeability channel according to the formed high-permeability channel, and automatically adjusting the injection amount of the plugging agent;
the real-time monitoring module: monitoring dynamic parameters of injection pressure and injection flow in real time;
the automatic regulation and control module: the method comprises the steps of displaying formation parameter real-time monitoring data, displaying the rotating speed (r/min), the pressure (Mpa) and the flow (ml/d), automatically optimizing by one key, stopping, pausing, adjusting the rotating speed, adjusting the injection amount and selecting a plugging agent;
the core module is: and processing the regulation and control parameters of the regulation and control module, and generating the model.
Under this example: the automatic studying and judging software can process the input stratum, automatically adjust the amount and pressure of injected plugging agent and water, monitor the dynamic parameters of the injection pressure, the water injection flow and the plugging agent injection amount in real time, and block the stratum again if part of the microcracks are connected in series again to form an advantageous channel, so that the stratum is full of the microcracks, the injected water can be injected easily, meanwhile, the water cannot rush into the high-permeability channel, and the sweep coefficient of the injected water is improved to the maximum extent.
The control principle of the automatic studying and judging software is as follows:
1): determining according to a low/ultra-low permeability oil reservoir micro-fracture pressure seam network model, wherein the model divides a stratum into two parts, namely a matrix part and a micro-fracture part, in order to ensure the precision of the model, the starting pressure gradient is considered in the flowing process, and the stress sensitivity effect is considered in the fracture process;
2): the automatic studying and judging software is internally packaged with a real-time monitoring module, the real-time monitoring module has the function of monitoring the underground condition in real time, and when the injection pressure is suddenly reduced and exceeds the range of a set safety threshold, the condition that micro cracks are connected in series to form a high-permeability strip in the stratum can be judged;
3): and determining according to the dominant channel volume calculation model, firstly, after the dominant channel is formed, the underground flow meets Darcy seepage flow, and parameters of the length, width and height of the seam can be calculated according to the model, so that the volume of the dominant channel is determined, and the volume of the injected plugging agent can be determined.
S3: and under the condition that no high-permeability channel exists, controlling the water injection pressure and the water injection quantity of the hydraulic booster pump to enable the formation to generate micro cracks, and keeping the pressure to continue injecting water in a micro crack state to achieve the purposes of improving the formation energy and expanding the oil sweeping volume. Under the condition that a high-permeability channel exists or a high-permeability channel is formed by continuous water injection, different types of plugging agents are manually selected according to automatic study and judgment software, the injection amount of the plugging agents is automatically adjusted, the high-permeability channel is plugged, and the automatic study and judgment software controls the pressure and the discharge capacity of the hydraulic booster pump to open a new micro-crack in the direction of the non-high-permeability channel.
In the selection of the type of the plugging agent, key indexes such as temperature resistance, salt resistance, strength and the like of the plugging agent are determined according to parameters such as oil reservoir stratum temperature, mineralization degree, stratum pressure and the like. In addition, the type of plugging agent is preferred in terms of reliability, economy, and field-enabled intelligent continuous injection. For example: under the conditions of strong stratum heterogeneity, large pore canal development and high mineralization degree and water content of stratum produced liquid, pre-crosslinked Peng particles can be selected. Where the formation is less mineralized and at lower temperatures, a polymer gel may be selected. If the stratum is weak in heterogeneity, high in temperature and high in mineralization, the precipitation blocking agent can be selected.
S4: and the automatic studying and judging software monitors dynamic parameters of injection pressure, water injection flow and plugging agent injection amount in real time through the real-time monitoring module, if part of the microcracks are connected in series again to form an advantageous channel, plugging is carried out again, and the plugging is repeated until a large number of microcrack networks are formed among the oil-water wells.
Under this example: firstly, related original stratum parameters such as oil reservoir burial depth, porosity, permeability saturation, petrophysical parameters, stratum temperature and oil reservoir average pressure need to be manually input, then software automatically judges whether a high-permeability channel exists in the stratum according to internal model programming (low/ultra-low permeability oil reservoir micro-fracture pressure seam network model), if no high-permeability strip exists, the water injection pressure and the water injection quantity of a hydraulic booster pump are controlled, so that partial microcracks are preliminarily formed in the stratum, partial high-permeability channels are formed, the software automatically adjusts the injection quantity of a plugging agent according to the internal model programming (dominant channel volume calculation model) after different plugging agent types are manually selected, the high-permeability strip is plugged, the flow channeling of injected water along the high-permeability strip is avoided, then, the software controls the pressure displacement of the hydraulic booster pump to open the microcracks under the micro-fracture pressure, and monitors dynamic parameters of the injection pressure and the injection flow in real time through a real-time monitoring module, if part of the microcracks are connected in series again to form the dominant channel, plugging is carried out again, and the plugging is repeated until a large number of microcrack networks are formed among the oil-water wells, so that the aims of increasing swept volume and increasing recovery ratio are fulfilled.
The mechanism of the reconstruction of the profile control seam net of the hypertonic channel is as follows: profile control is carried out on the cracks with the formed dominant channels: the aim of plugging is achieved by adopting an organic or inorganic plugging agent, and new cracks are generated due to repeated fracturing: the micro-fracture pressure is equivalent to continuous repeated fracturing, new seams can continuously appear, and the additive effect of the intelligent plugging-adjusting unstable water injection technology can greatly improve the seepage capability.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but are not intended to indicate or imply that the indicated devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, for example, it may be fixedly attached, detachably attached, or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the terms may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate, and may be communication between two elements or interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise specifically limited, and the specific meaning of the terms in the present invention will be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
In summary, the embodiments of the present invention are merely exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the content of the claims of the present invention should fall within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for flooding a low/ultra-low permeability reservoir under microfracture pressure, comprising the steps of:
s1: acquiring stratum parameters;
s2: inputting the acquired stratum parameters into automatic studying and judging software, and adopting an artificial/intelligent control technology to judge whether the stratum has a hypertonic channel or not according to the internal model programming by the automatic studying and judging software;
s3: under the condition that no high-permeability channel exists, controlling the water injection pressure and the water injection amount of the hydraulic booster pump to enable the formation to generate micro cracks, and keeping the pressure to continue injecting water under the micro crack state, so as to achieve the purposes of improving the formation energy and expanding the oil sweeping volume;
s4: and the automatic studying and judging software monitors dynamic parameters of injection pressure, water injection flow and plugging agent injection amount in real time through the real-time monitoring module, if part of the microcracks are connected in series again to form an advantageous channel, plugging is carried out again, and the plugging is repeated until a large number of microcrack networks are formed among the oil-water wells.
2. The method for waterflood flooding at a low/ultra-low permeability reservoir microfracture pressure of claim 1, wherein: the formation parameters in the step S1 include permeability, porosity, saturation, initial formation pressure, burial depth and petrophysical parameters, formation temperature and reservoir average pressure.
3. The method for waterflood flooding at a low/ultra-low permeability reservoir microfracture pressure of claim 1, wherein: the automatic studying and judging software comprises a low/ultra-low permeability reservoir micro-fracture pressure seam network model, an advantageous channel volume calculation model, a real-time monitoring module, an automatic regulating and controlling module and a core processing module, wherein the low/ultra-low permeability reservoir micro-fracture pressure seam network model, the advantageous channel volume calculation model, the real-time monitoring module and the automatic regulating and controlling module are all connected with the core processing module.
4. The method for waterflood flooding at a low/ultra-low permeability reservoir microfracture pressure of claim 3, wherein: the control principle of the automatic studying and judging software is as follows:
1): determining according to a low/ultra-low permeability oil reservoir micro-fracture pressure seam network model, wherein the model divides a stratum into two parts, namely a matrix part and a micro-fracture part, in order to ensure the precision of the model, the starting pressure gradient is considered in the flowing process, and the stress sensitivity effect is considered in the fracture process;
2): the automatic studying and judging software is internally packaged with a real-time monitoring module, the real-time monitoring module has the function of monitoring the underground condition in real time, and when the injection pressure is suddenly reduced and exceeds the range of a set safety threshold, the condition that micro cracks are connected in series to form a high-permeability strip in the stratum can be judged;
3): and determining according to the dominant channel volume calculation model, firstly, after the dominant channel is formed, the underground flow meets Darcy seepage flow, and parameters of the length, width and height of the seam can be calculated according to the model, so that the volume of the dominant channel is determined, and the volume of the injected plugging agent can be determined.
5. The method for waterflood flooding at a low/ultra-low permeability reservoir microfracture pressure of claim 1, wherein: the step S2 artificial/intelligent control technology mechanism comprises an oil reservoir imbibition mechanism, an unstable waterflood enhanced recovery mechanism and an injection-production coupling mechanism.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110777410.7A CN113338878B (en) | 2021-07-09 | 2021-07-09 | Method for water injection and oil displacement under micro-fracture pressure of low/ultra-low permeability reservoir |
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| CN202110777410.7A CN113338878B (en) | 2021-07-09 | 2021-07-09 | Method for water injection and oil displacement under micro-fracture pressure of low/ultra-low permeability reservoir |
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