CN113338086A

CN113338086A - Anti-loosening steel rail fastener assembly and dismantling method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113338086A
Application number: CN202110546450.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐洁莉; 徐洁媛; 徐跃华
Original assignee: Zhejiang Sitai New Material Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhejiang Sitai New Material Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-11-27
Filing date: 2021-05-19
Publication date: 2021-09-03

Abstract

The invention relates to an anti-loosening steel rail fastener assembly and a dismantling method thereof. It has solved the locking damping effect subalternation technical problem of current rail spiral shell spare. Including setting up the rail body on the base, rail body lower extreme utensil has rail bottom, and rail body one side at least has the piece that compresses tightly that the slope set up, compressing tightly one end have and lean on the portion that compresses tightly on rail bottom respectively, compress tightly and be equipped with the elasticity fastener that is curved form on the piece, elasticity fastener one end is supported and is leaned on the portion that compresses tightly upper end in compressing tightly the piece, the other end supports and leans on the one end of keeping away from the portion that compresses tightly in compressing tightly the piece, elasticity fastener with compress tightly the piece through inhale shake locking move back the fastener link to each other and be located the base. Has the advantages that: the elastic fastener is formed by bending the elastic wire for many times, so that the vibration prevention and looseness prevention are better, and the installation stability is high. Can absorb more than 90% vibration wave, can ensure that the bearing thread section of nut and screw rod avoids the vibration destruction to adjustable removable repeatedly usable solves the tired lax problem of bolt axle center.

Description

Anti-loosening steel rail fastener assembly and dismantling method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of railway equipment, and particularly relates to a locking and backing steel rail fastener assembly.

Background

Railway tracks, referred to as rails, tracks, etc. The device is used on railways and cooperates with a switch to enable the train to walk without turning. The track is usually composed of two parallel rails. The rails are fixed on sleepers, and ballast is arranged below the sleepers. Rails made of steel can bear a greater weight than other materials. In railways, the rail clip assembly is provided as an intermediate coupling member for connecting a rail to a tie, and it secures the rail to the tie, maintains gauge and resists longitudinal and lateral movement of the rail relative to the tie. In order to realize the normal work of the steel rail and eliminate the possible hidden troubles, the steel rail buckles of the existing rail transit such as high-speed rail, subway and the like need to check and screw loose bolts at the later midnight or at regular time. This is mainly because there are a lot of deficiencies in current rail spiral shell spare, for example, installation stability is poor, and the installation is inconvenient, and the damping effect is poor, and the phenomenon of pine takes place easily after the long-time use of rail.

In order to solve the problems of the prior art, various solutions have been proposed through long-term research, and for example, chinese patent literature discloses a spring clip for rail fastening [ application No.: 201920346815.3]: including the sleeper, the both sides of first recess are located the top surface of sleeper and have seted up the second recess, all be fixed with the round bar on the inner wall of second recess, equal spiro union has first nut on the outer wall of threaded rod, the baffle has all been run through to one side that lies in first nut on the outer wall of threaded rod, one side of baffle is located equal spiro union has the second nut on the outer wall of threaded rod, waist type hole has all been seted up to the inside of baffle, the top surface in waist type hole all is provided with the bullet strip, the screw spike is all installed to the top surface of bullet strip, the tip of screw spike all runs through on the inner wall of screwed pipe including waist type hole spiro union, the joint has the rail between the baffle.

Although above-mentioned scheme has alleviated current rail fastener and has installed inconvenient problem to a certain extent, this scheme still exists: poor stability, unstable installation and poor vibration damping effect.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems and provides an anti-loosening steel rail fastener assembly, aiming at achieving good vibration damping effect, greatly reducing vibration and effective anti-loosening effect, simplifying and reducing the manufacturing process, reducing the cost, reducing the maintenance cost, prolonging the service life and improving the safety.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for removing a locking steel rail fastener assembly, which aims to achieve good vibration damping effect, greatly reduce vibration and effectively prevent locking, simplify the manufacturing process, reduce the cost, reduce the maintenance cost, and improve the service life and safety.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: this locking rail fastening subassembly that moves back, including the rail body of setting on the base, rail body lower extreme have rail bottom, its characterized in that, rail body at least one side compress tightly the piece that has the slope setting, compress tightly a one end have and lean on the portion of compressing tightly on rail bottom respectively, compress tightly and be equipped with the elastic fastener who is the bending form on the piece, just elastic fastener one end support and lean on in the portion of compressing tightly upper end, the other end supports and leans on in the one end that compresses tightly the piece and keep away from the portion of compressing tightly, just elastic fastener with compress tightly the piece through inhale shake locking move back the fastener and link to each other and be located the base.

In the above anti-loosening rail clip assembly, the pressing portion has a transverse portion abutting against the top surface of the rail bottom and a longitudinal portion abutting against the side surface of the rail bottom.

In the anti-loosening steel rail fastener component, the pressing part is of an obliquely arranged plate-shaped structure, the pressing part is integrally formed at one end, close to the rail bottom, of the pressing part, the other end of the pressing part abuts against the base to form a jacking part, and the transverse part and the longitudinal part are vertically arranged.

In the above anti-loosening steel rail fastener assembly, the elastic fastener has at least two adjacent arc-shaped parts, at least one ends of the two adjacent arc-shaped parts are connected, one end of each arc-shaped part is abutted against the upper end of the transverse part of the pressing part, and the other end of each arc-shaped part is abutted against the upper side of the pressing part.

In foretell locking rail fastener subassembly that moves back, elastic fastener form through buckling many times by an elastic wire rod, just arc portion in proper order mutual parallel arrangement and adjacent two arc portions between through arc transition portion end to end, arc transition portion support by the horizontal portion upper end and/or the roof pressure portion upper end in the portion that compresses tightly.

In the anti-loosening steel rail fastener assembly, the vibration-absorbing anti-loosening fastener comprises a bolt body, the bolt body sequentially penetrates through a positioning gap between two arc-shaped parts of the elastic fastener positioned in the middle and a pressing part and is connected with the base, a gasket which is arranged in a manner of abutting against the upper side of the elastic fastener is sleeved on a rod-shaped part of the bolt body, an anti-rotation positioning structure is arranged between the gasket and the elastic fastener, and the gasket abuts against the head part of the bolt body or a nut body; the anti-rotation positioning structure comprises an inner anti-rotation part which is arranged at the lower end of the gasket and is inserted into the positioning gap, and at least one side of the inner anti-rotation part is provided with an inner anti-rotation arc positioning surface which is matched with the outer side surface of one side of the two adjacent arc parts close to the positioning gap; or, prevent changeing location structure including setting up the portion of preventing changeing outside at least one side of gasket, just outer portion of preventing changeing have with the arc portion keep away from the outer arc locating surface of preventing changeing outward of the lateral surface assorted of one side in locating gap.

In the above anti-loosening rail clip assembly, the bolt body is a stud bolt structure with two rod-shaped portions, a limit portion abutting against the base is arranged between the two rod-shaped portions of the bolt body, the rod-shaped portion of the bolt body above passes through the elastic fastener and the pressing piece and abuts against the gasket on the upper end of the elastic fastener through the nut body, and the rod-shaped portion of the bolt body below is in threaded connection with the base; or the bolt body is of a single-head bolt structure with a rod-shaped part, the rod-shaped part of the bolt body sequentially penetrates through the gasket, the elastic fastener and the pressing piece and is connected with the base through threads, and the head of the bolt body enables the gasket to be abutted against the upper end of the elastic fastener.

In foretell locking rail fastener subassembly that moves back, the locking fastener that moves back that shakes still including the lock ring body and the bell mouth that shakes of shaking, the lock ring body cover that shakes locate the shaft-like portion of bolt body and be located between gasket and the bell mouth, the lock ring body that shakes be the closed ring structure that has open-ended annular structure or be made by deformable material, the bell mouth set up on the head of bolt body or nut body, and when the gasket received to shake when the lock ring body one end effort of shaking towards the messenger shake lock ring body circumference inwards deform and be located the bell mouth thereby produce the circumference that acts on the shaft-like portion circumference outside of bolt body and embrace the power.

In the anti-loosening steel rail fastener assembly, the diameter of one end of an opening of the conical cavity is larger than that of the other end of the opening, the vibration absorption locking ring body is of a conical structure, the diameter of one end, facing the bottom of the conical cavity, of the vibration absorption locking ring body is smaller than that of the other end of the vibration absorption locking ring body, and the conical cavity is formed in the end face of one end, close to the rod-shaped part of the bolt body, of the head of the bolt body; or the conical cavity is formed on the end face of one end of the nut body close to the gasket, the circumferential inner side of the vibration absorption lock ring body is provided with a concave-convex surface which can tightly hold the external thread on the rod-shaped part of the bolt body when the vibration absorption lock ring body deforms circumferentially inwards, and the concave-convex surface is at least one internal thread, a tooth-shaped part, a curved part, a concave rib, a convex rib or an irregular friction line.

In the anti-loosening steel rail fastener component, the vibration absorption lock ring body is in a conical annular structure, the size of an included angle between a circumferential outer conical surface of the vibration absorption lock ring body and the center line of the vibration absorption lock ring body is not smaller than that of an included angle between a circumferential inner conical surface of the conical cavity and the center line of the conical cavity, an anti-loosening guide structure is arranged between the vibration absorption lock ring body and the conical cavity, and an anti-loosening circumferential positioning structure is arranged between the vibration absorption lock ring body and the gasket;

or the vibration absorption lock ring body is in a spiral shape which is formed by bending an elastic piece made of elastic material and is opposite to the external thread of the rod-shaped part of the bolt body, the cross section of the elastic part is any one of polygon, circle, ellipse and irregular shape, and two ends of the elastic part are arranged in a staggered way up and down, the opening is formed between the two ends of the elastic element, the number of turns of the vibration absorption lock ring body is less than one turn, the opening width of the vibration absorption lock ring body is larger than the deformation of the external thread on the rod-shaped part of the inward deformation holding bolt body, the outer side of one end of the elastic part forms an upper lock part, the locking part is abutted against the first concave-convex part at the bottom of the conical cavity, the outer side of the other end of the locking part forms a lower locking part, and the lower locking part is abutted against the second concave-convex part on the end surface of one side of the gasket, and a circumferential positioning structure is arranged between the gasket and the vibration absorption lock ring body and/or between the vibration absorption lock ring body and the conical cavity.

The method for removing the anti-loosening steel rail fastener assembly comprises the following steps:

s1, sleeving the nut body and the gasket of the vibration-absorbing anti-loosening fastener through the special wrench socket, synchronously screwing, releasing the vibration-absorbing lock ring body until the special wrench socket automatically separates from the anti-loosening tooth gasket, and continuously rotating the special wrench socket to withdraw the nut body of the vibration-absorbing anti-loosening fastener;

s2, take off from the shaft-like portion that is located the top of the body of bolt that shakes the locking fastener that moves back in proper order and prevent moving back the tooth gasket, elastic fastener, break away from the rail body base, then adopt the electric heating mode to shake the locking shaft-like portion that is located the below of moving back the body of bolt of fastener and heat, make the bar planting glue on the shaft-like portion of the position in below of the body of bolt become soft, screw out the body of bolt through the unit head, when the shaft-like portion of the position in top of the body of bolt splits, can screw out the body of bolt through spacing portion, treat the body of bolt and take out the back, drill once and clear away the bar planting glue on former hole.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. the elastic fastener is formed by bending the elastic wire for many times, can effectively absorb vibration from the steel rail body by abutting against the pressing piece, and has the advantages of more reasonable structure, better anti-vibration and anti-loosening performance and high installation stability.

2. The gasket, the screw rod body with the conical cavity or the nut with the conical cavity can be manufactured by adopting a high-precision multi-station cold header and a special die, the precision is greatly improved, and the production cost is low.

3. The vibration absorption locking ring extrudes inwards to tightly embrace the threads, can absorb more than 90% of vibration waves, can ensure that the bearing thread sections of the nut and the screw are prevented from being damaged by vibration, and can be adjusted, detached and reused.

4. The vibration absorption locking ring is provided with a limiting opening which is elastically staggered in the opposite screwing direction, the lower end limiting opening and the anti-rotation tooth crest on the gasket are firmly prevented from moving back, the upper end limiting opening and the anti-rotation tooth crest in the conical cavity are firmly prevented from moving back, and the problem of fatigue relaxation of a bolt shaft core is solved.

5. The appearance of preventing moving back the tooth gasket is the synchronous dismantlement design of supporting with the outer transmission portion of nut, and through special spanner sleeve, twist in step, can relieve and inhale that to shake the lock collar fracture for the anti-mechanism that moves back of preventing of the direction of screwing, special spanner sleeve breaks away from automatically and prevents moving back the tooth gasket after rotatory about a round, and the internal extrusion is tightly embraced the screw thread and is loosened, and the nut withdraws from, solves the problem of tearing apart, and the original mounting hole of used repeatedly just does not influence the guide rail performance.

6. The full screw and the full thread bear the force, so that the bolt load rate reaches 100 percent.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a vibration-absorbing anti-loosening fastener according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an anti-rotation positioning structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a gasket according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another perspective of a gasket according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of another anti-rotation positioning structure according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a vibration-absorbing anti-loosening fastener according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a partial structural view of another perspective of the shock-absorbing back-stop fastener in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

figure 9 is a schematic structural view of a first shape of a shock-absorbing retainer ring body of a shock-absorbing anti-loosening fastener in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

figure 10 is a structural schematic view of another perspective view of the shock-absorbing retainer body of the first shape of the shock-absorbing anti-loosening fastener in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a nut body of a vibration-absorbing anti-loosening fastener according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a vibration-absorbing anti-loosening fastener spacer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

figure 13 is a schematic structural view of a second shape of the shock-absorbing retainer ring body of the shock-absorbing anti-loosening fastener in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

figure 14 is a structural schematic view of another perspective view of a shock-absorbing retainer body of a second shape of a shock-absorbing anti-loosening fastener in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic structural view of a nut body of a second shape for absorbing vibration and preventing loosening of the fastener in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the assembled fastener in use according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a graph comparing the transverse vibration of the M16 bolt in the first and second embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of an assembled fastener according to a second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 19 is a schematic structural view of a second fastener assembly process in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 20 is a schematic structural view of the vibration-absorbing retainer body and nut body in cooperation according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 21 is a structural schematic view of another view angle when the shock-absorbing retainer body and the nut body are engaged in the second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 22 is a schematic structural view of a shock-absorbing retainer according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of another view angle of the shock-absorbing retainer body according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 24 is a schematic structural view of a nut body in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a gasket according to the present invention;

FIG. 26 is a schematic view of the assembled fastener in use according to a third embodiment of the invention;

in the figure, a base 1, a pressing piece 11, a pressing part 111, a transverse part 12, a longitudinal part 13, a top pressing part 14, a limiting part 15, a power head 16, a steel rail body 2, a rail bottom part 21, a vibration absorption anti-loosening fastener 3, a vibration absorption locking ring body 31, an opening 311, a concave-convex surface 312, an internal thread 3121, an elastic piece 313, a locking part 314, a first concave-convex part 315, a lower locking part 316, a second concave-convex part 317, a tapered cavity 32, a bolt body 33, a rod part 331, an external thread 3311, a head 332, a nut body 34, a gasket 35, a circumferential positioning structure 36, a first anti-loosening concave-convex surface 361, a second anti-loosening concave surface 362, a third anti-concave surface 363, a fourth anti-loosening concave-convex surface, an anti-concave-convex surface 364, a deformation guide opening 371, a deformation notch 3711, an anti-loosening guide strip 372, an anti-loosening circumferential positioning structure 38, a concave-convex part 381, an elastic fastener 4, an arc-shaped part 41, an arc transition part 42, a positioning gap 43, an anti-loosening positioning structure 5, An inner anti-rotation part 51, an inner anti-rotation arc-shaped positioning surface 511, an outer anti-rotation part 52 and an outer anti-rotation arc-shaped positioning surface 521.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Example one

As shown in fig. 1-6, the anti-loosening steel rail fastener assembly includes a steel rail body 2 disposed on a base 1, a rail bottom 21 is disposed at a lower end of the steel rail body 2, a pressing member 11 disposed obliquely on at least one side of the steel rail body 2, pressing portions 111 disposed on the rail bottom 21 and respectively disposed at one end of the pressing member 11, an elastic fastener 4 disposed in a bending manner on the pressing member 11, one end of the elastic fastener 4 is disposed at an upper end of the pressing portion 111 of the pressing member 11, and the other end of the elastic fastener is disposed at an end of the pressing member 11 away from the pressing portion 111, and the elastic fastener 4 and the pressing member 11 are connected to each other through a vibration-absorbing anti-loosening fastener 3 and are positioned on the base 1. Preferably, the clamping portion 111 here has a transverse portion 12 which rests against the top face of the rail foot 21 and a longitudinal portion 13 which rests against the side face of the rail foot 21. The pressing member 11 is a plate-shaped structure that is obliquely arranged, the pressing portion 111 is integrally formed at one end of the pressing member 11 close to the rail bottom 21 of the steel rail body 2, the other end of the pressing member 11 abuts against the base 1 to form a jacking portion 14, and the transverse portion 12 and the longitudinal portion 13 are vertically arranged.

Obviously, the transverse part 12 of the pressing part 111 abuts against the top surface of the rail bottom part 21 and the longitudinal part 13 of the pressing part 111 abuts against the side surface of the rail bottom part 21, so that the steel rail body 2 is positioned on the base 1, meanwhile, the vibration absorption anti-loosening fastener 3 tightly fixes the elastic fastener 4 and the pressing part 11, and the elastic fastener 4 can effectively absorb the vibration from the steel rail body 2 and has a good vibration absorption anti-loosening effect.

Further, the elastic buckle 4 here has at least two adjacent arc-shaped portions 41, and at least one end of each of the two adjacent arc-shaped portions 41 is connected, and one end of each of the arc-shaped portions 41 abuts against the upper end of the transverse portion 12 of the pressing portion 111, and the other end abuts against the upper side of the pressing portion 14. For example, the elastic fastening member 4 is formed by bending an elastic wire for multiple times, the arc-shaped portions 41 are sequentially arranged in parallel, two adjacent arc-shaped portions 41 are connected end to end through arc-shaped transition portions 42, and the arc-shaped transition portions 42 abut against the upper end of the transverse portion 12 and/or the upper end of the pressing portion 14 of the pressing portion 111. Elastic fastener 4 in this embodiment is buckled by a spring steel through the cubic and is formed four arc portions 41 that set gradually, and the three punishment of buckling do not forms arc transition portion 42 like this, and the arc transition portion 42 that is located both sides supports and leans on and set up in top splenium 14 upper end, preferably, top pressure portion 14 here can also set up the arc constant head tank with arc transition portion 42 matched with, and the arc transition portion 42 that is located the centre supports respectively with the one end that the arc portion 41 that is located both sides kept away from arc transition portion 42 and leans on the setting in the horizontal portion 12 upper end that compresses tightly portion 11.

The vibration-absorbing anti-loosening fastener 3 in the embodiment comprises a bolt body 33, wherein the bolt body 33 sequentially penetrates through a positioning gap 43 between two arc-shaped parts 41 of an elastic fastener 4 in the middle and a pressing part 11 and is connected with a base 1, a gasket 35 which is abutted against the upper side of the elastic fastener 4 is sleeved on a rod-shaped part 331 of the bolt body 33, an anti-rotation positioning structure 5 is arranged between the gasket 35 and the elastic fastener 4, and the gasket 35 is abutted against the head 332 of the bolt body 33 or a nut body 34; the anti-rotation positioning structure 5 comprises an inner anti-rotation part 51 which is arranged at the lower end of the gasket 35 and is inserted into the positioning gap 43, and at least one side of the inner anti-rotation part 51 is provided with an inner anti-rotation arc-shaped positioning surface 511 which is matched with the outer side surface of one side of the two adjacent arc-shaped parts 41 close to the positioning gap 43; alternatively, the anti-rotation positioning structure 5 includes an outer anti-rotation portion 52 disposed on at least one side of the gasket 35, and the outer anti-rotation portion 52 has an outer anti-rotation arc positioning surface 521 that matches with an outer side surface of the arc portion 41 on a side away from the positioning gap 43. This effectively prevents circumferential rotation between the spacer 35 and the elastic clip 4.

The bolt body 33 is a stud bolt structure having two rod-shaped portions 331, a limiting portion 15 abutting against the base 1 is arranged between the two rod-shaped portions 331 of the bolt body 33, the rod-shaped portion 331 of the bolt body 33 above passes through the elastic fastener 4 and the pressing member 11, the gasket 35 abuts against the upper end of the elastic fastener 4 through the nut body 34, the power head 16 is arranged at the upper end of the rod-shaped portion 331 of the bolt body 33 above, and the rod-shaped portion 331 of the bolt body 33 below is in threaded connection with the base 1.

In this embodiment, in actual installation, the rod-shaped portion 331 of the bolt body 33 located below is first screwed to the concrete base 1, in order to enable the mounting of the screw body 33, the power head 16 may be arranged at the upper end of the shaft 331 of the screw body 33, which is located above, for example in a hexagonal configuration, the bolt body 33 can be connected with the base 1 by matching with devices such as a spanner, the two sides of the steel rail body 2 are respectively provided with the pressing pieces 11, the pressing piece 11 and the elastic fastener 4 are respectively sleeved on the rod-shaped portion 331 of the bolt body 33 above, so that the transverse portion 12 of the pressing piece 11 is ensured to abut against the top surface of the rail bottom 21 and the longitudinal portion 13 of the pressing piece 11 is ensured to abut against the side surface of the rail bottom 21, the gasket 35 is sleeved on the rod-shaped portion 331 of the bolt body 33 above, the gasket 35 and the elastic fastener 4 are circumferentially positioned through the anti-rotation positioning structure 5, and finally the nut body 34 is fastened and positioned to realize the positioning of the steel rail body 2.

As shown in fig. 7 to 16, in order to improve the vibration absorbing anti-loosening effect in the present embodiment, the vibration absorbing anti-loosening fastener 3 further includes a vibration absorbing collar body 31 and a tapered cavity 32, the vibration absorbing collar body 31 is fitted over the rod-shaped portion 331 of the bolt body 33 and is located between the washer 35 and the tapered cavity 32, the vibration absorbing collar body 31 has an annular structure with an opening 311, the tapered cavity 32 is provided on the nut body 34, and when the washer 35 is subjected to a force toward one end of the vibration absorbing collar body 31, the vibration absorbing collar body 31 is deformed inward in the circumferential direction and is located in the tapered cavity 32 to generate a circumferential tightening force acting on the outer side of the rod-shaped portion 331 of the bolt body 33 in the circumferential direction.

Here, the tapered cavity 32 is provided on an end surface of the nut body 34 near the washer 35, and the vibration-absorbing collar body 31 has a concave-convex surface 312 on the circumferential inner side capable of gripping the external thread 3311 on the rod-shaped portion 331 of the bolt body 33 when the vibration-absorbing collar body 31 is deformed circumferentially inwardly. Obviously, when the elastic clip 4 is located between the washer 35 and the stopper portion 15 of the bolt body 33, in which the rod-shaped portion 331 of fig. 7-8 in which the bolt body 33 is located below is not shown, as the bolt body 33 and the nut body 34 are circumferentially rotated and relatively displaced, the washer 35 is subjected to a force toward one end of the shock-absorbing collar body 31, thereby enabling the shock-absorbing collar body 31 to be circumferentially inwardly deformed and the opening 311 to be made smaller and positioned in the tapered cavity 32, a circumferential tightening force acting on the circumferential outside of the external thread 3311 on the rod-shaped portion 331 of the bolt body 33 is formed inside the shock-absorbing collar body 31 as the shock-absorbing collar body 31 is circumferentially inwardly deformed.

The concave-convex surface 312 here is preferably at least one internal thread section, tooth-like portion, wave-like portion, concave rib, convex rib or irregular friction line.

The shock-absorbing retainer body 31 has a conical structure matching with the conical cavity 32, and the diameter of one end of the shock-absorbing retainer body 31 facing the bottom of the conical cavity 32 is smaller than that of the other end.

Preferably, the shock-absorbing retainer body 31 herein is formed by bending an elastic member 313 made of an elastic material, for example, a 40CrNiMoA material, the cross section of the elastic member 313 is any one of a polygon, a circle, an ellipse and an irregular shape, for example, the cross section of the elastic member 313 in this embodiment is a right trapezoid, so that when the elastic member 313 is bent in a spiral shape, one end thereof is larger and the other end thereof is smaller, two parallel sides of the right trapezoid are formed on both end surfaces of the shock-absorbing retainer body 31 after the elastic member 313 is bent, and simultaneously, the remaining one vertical side of the right trapezoid is formed on the circumferential inner side of the shock-absorbing retainer body 31 and the oblique side of the right trapezoid is formed on the outer conical surface of the shock-absorbing retainer body 31. And here, both ends of the elastic member 313 are disposed to be offset up and down, and the opening 311 is formed between both ends of the elastic member 313. When the concave-convex surface 312 of the vibration-absorbing lock ring body 31 extrudes the external thread 3311 on the rod-shaped part 331 of the tightly embracing bolt body 33 inwards, more than 90% of vibration waves can be absorbed in advance, the bearing thread sections of the nut and the screw can be prevented from being damaged by vibration, and the vibration-absorbing lock ring is adjustable, detachable and reusable.

It is apparent that the shock-absorbing collar body 31 here has a spiral shape opposite to the external thread 3311 of the rod-shaped portion 331 of the bolt body 33 and the number of turns of the shock-absorbing collar body 31 is less than one turn, and the width of the opening 311 of the shock-absorbing collar body 31 is greater than the amount of deformation of the external thread 3311 on the rod-shaped portion 331 of the bolt body 33 by inward deformation of the shock-absorbing collar body 31, which obviously allows the opening 311 of the shock-absorbing collar body 31 to circumferentially grip the rod-shaped portion 331 of the bolt body 33 without being closed.

Further, here, an upper lock portion 314 is formed on an outer side of one end of the elastic member 313, the upper lock portion 314 abuts against a first concave-convex portion 315 at the bottom of the tapered cavity 32, a lower lock portion 316 is formed on an outer side of the other end, and the lower lock portion 316 abuts against a second concave-convex portion 317 at one end surface of the gasket 35. The shock-absorbing retainer body 31 has an opening 311 elastically displaced in the direction opposite to the tightening direction, and the lower lock portion 316 is prevented from coming off from the second concave-convex portion 317 on the side end surface of the gasket 35, as shown in fig. 12, where the inner rotation preventing portion 51 or the outer rotation preventing portion 52 of the gasket 35 is not shown. The upper lock part 314 is firmly propped against the first concave-convex part 315 at the bottom of the conical cavity 32 to prevent loosening, and when the nut body 34 rotates circumferentially relative to the bolt body 1, circumferential torsional deformation of the vibration absorption lock ring body 31 is realized, so that the size of the opening 311 is reduced, the vibration absorption effect is effectively improved, and the problem of fatigue and relaxation of a bolt shaft core is solved.

Preferably, the first concave-convex portion 315 and the second concave-convex portion 317 here are at least one tooth portion, a wave portion, a concave rib, a convex rib, or an irregular friction grain, respectively.

Further, as shown in fig. 9-12, wherein the inner rotation preventing portion 51 or the outer rotation preventing portion 52 of the gasket 35 is not shown. Wherein, both sides of the gasket 35 can be provided with an inner rotation-preventing part 51 and an outer rotation-preventing part 52, a circumferential positioning structure 36 is arranged between the gasket 35 and the vibration absorbing lock ring body 31 and/or between the vibration absorbing lock ring body 31 and the conical cavity 32, the circumferential positioning structure 36 comprises a first anti-back concave-convex surface 361 arranged on the end surface of the vibration absorbing lock ring body 31 facing to one end of the bottom of the conical cavity 32, and the first anti-back concave-convex surface 361 is matched with the first concave-convex part 315; alternatively, the circumferential positioning structure 36 includes a second withdrawal prevention concave-convex surface 362 provided at an end surface of the shock-absorbing retainer body 31 toward the end surface of the gasket 35, and the second withdrawal prevention concave-convex surface 362 is matched with the second concave-convex portion 317; alternatively, as shown in fig. 13 to 15, the circumferential positioning structure 36 here includes a third anti-retreat concave-convex surface 363 provided on the circumferential outer side surface of the shock-absorbing retainer body 31, and the fourth anti-retreat concave-convex surface 364 provided on the circumferential inner conical surface of the conical cavity 32 is matched with the third anti-retreat concave-convex surface 363. Preferably, the first anti-receding concave-convex surface 361, the second anti-receding concave-convex surface 362, the third anti-receding concave-convex surface 363, and the fourth anti-receding concave-convex surface 364 here are at least one tooth-shaped portion, a wave-shaped portion, a concave rib, a convex rib, or an irregular friction line, respectively.

As shown in fig. 16, in the present embodiment, when the elastic fastening member 4 and the pressing member 11 are located between the washer 35 and the stopper portion 15 of the bolt body 33, the nut body 34 is circumferentially twisted with respect to the bolt body 33 and brought close to the stopper portion 15 of the bolt body 33 in the direction of the washer, the washer 35 is urged toward one end of the vibration-absorbing washer body 31, the lower lock portion 316 of the vibration-absorbing washer body 31 is firmly pressed against the second concave-convex portion 317 of one end surface of the washer 35, the upper lock portion 314 is firmly pressed against the first concave-convex portion 315 of the bottom of the tapered cavity 32, so that the vibration-absorbing washer body 31 is circumferentially torsionally deformed and vibration is effectively absorbed by the spring force, when the vibration-absorbing washer body 31 is circumferentially torsionally deformed until both end surfaces of the vibration-absorbing washer body 31 come into contact with the bottom of the tapered cavity 32 and one end surface of the washer 35, respectively, the circumferential positioning structure 36 can function as a circumferential positioning, and since the vibration-absorbing washer body 31 here is an inverted cone, when gradually pressed by the tapered cavity 32, the opening 311 is deformed and contracted to form a pair of inward pressing clasping threads, and the vibration is absorbed by the elastic force of the spring.

The outer transmission part of the nut body 34 in this embodiment is hexagonal or other shape, and the washer 35 may be circular, hexagonal or other special shape; at least one surface of the gasket 35 is provided with a second concave-convex part 317, and the anti-loosening and jacking direction of the matching surface of the second concave-convex part 317 and the vibration absorbing locking ring is the opposite of the screwing direction or the concave-convex surface is an arc surface; in order to realize disassembly, the nut body 34 is provided with an outer transmission part which is designed by disassembling the anti-theft special wrench socket, the shape of the anti-withdrawal tooth gasket 35 and the outer transmission part of the nut body 34 are designed by matching synchronous disassembly, the anti-withdrawal mechanism with the fracture of the vibration absorption locking ring in the screwing direction can be removed by synchronously screwing the special wrench socket, the special wrench socket automatically breaks away from the anti-withdrawal tooth gasket after rotating for about one circle, the inward extrusion and tightening threads are loosened, the nut is withdrawn, and the disassembling problem is solved. Here, the first concave-convex portion 317 may be provided on the end surface of the nut body 34, so that the effect of absorbing deformation of the retainer body 31 can be achieved without using the spacer 35.

In this embodiment, the looseness-prevention acquisition test data for the common fastener is as follows:

taking the existing common 8.8-grade M16 bolt (considering that the bolt is not easy to break), and A group-standard screw/flat pad/thread glue/standard nut; group B-standard screw/flat pad/spring pad/standard nut; group C-standard screw/flat pad/spring pad/lock nut; group D-standard screw/flat washer/standard nut. Obtaining a curve according to a GB/T10431 transverse vibration test standard test, and when the 68KN pretightening force is attenuated by 80% of failure points of 54.4KN, carrying out A, B, D groups for 1-3 seconds (10-30 times); group C-4 seconds (53 times). The comparative graph is shown in detail in fig. 17.

Compared with the conventional anti-loosening fastener, the vibration-absorbing anti-loosening fastener has the remarkable anti-loosening innovation advantage.

The method for removing the anti-loosening steel rail fastener assembly in the embodiment comprises the following steps:

s1, sleeving the nut body 34 and the gasket 35 of the vibration-absorbing anti-loosening fastener 3 through the special wrench socket, synchronously screwing, releasing the vibration-absorbing lock ring body 31 until the special wrench socket automatically separates from the gasket 35, and continuing to rotate the special wrench socket to withdraw the nut body 34 of the vibration-absorbing anti-loosening fastener 3;

s2, sequentially taking down the gasket 35 and the elastic fastener 4 from the rod-shaped part 331 of the bolt body 33 of the vibration absorption anti-loosening fastener 3, separating the steel rail body 2 from the base 1, heating the rod-shaped part 331 of the bolt body 33 of the vibration absorption anti-loosening fastener 3 below by adopting an electric heating mode, heating to 120-36V direct current to 180 degrees, softening the bar-planting glue on the rod-shaped part 331 of the bolt body 33 below, screwing out the bolt body 33 through the power head 16, screwing out the bolt body 33 through the limiting part 15 when the rod-shaped part 331 of the bolt body 33 above breaks, and drilling once and removing the bar-planting glue on the original hole after the bolt body 33 is taken out. The existing dismantling method mainly takes out the bolt through a water drill hole, influences the use of the guide rail and influences the stress of the guide rail, and the method can realize the reuse of the original hole and does not influence the performance of the guide rail.

Example two

As shown in fig. 1-2 and 18-25, the structure, principle and implementation steps of the present embodiment are similar to the embodiments, except that: in the present embodiment, the vibration absorbing collar body 31 is made of a deformable material and has a closed ring structure, and preferably, the vibration absorbing collar body 31 is made of a polyamide 66 material, but of course, other similar deformable materials, such as resin, etc., may be used, and a retreat preventing guide structure 37 is provided between the vibration absorbing collar body 31 and the tapered cavity 32, and when the gasket 35 is acted toward one end of the vibration absorbing collar body 31, the vibration absorbing collar body 31 can be deformed inward in the circumferential direction and positioned in the tapered cavity 32 to generate a circumferential holding force acting on the outer side of the rod-shaped portion 331 of the bolt body 33 in the circumferential direction.

Here, the tapered cavity 32 is formed on an end surface of the nut body 34 near the washer 35, and the vibration absorbing collar body 31 has an internal thread 3121 on the circumferential inner side thereof to be engaged with the external thread 3311 on the rod-shaped portion 331 of the bolt body 33. Obviously, when the elastic fastening member 4 is located between the spacer 35 and the position-limiting portion 15 of the bolt body 33, the spacer 35 is subjected to a force acting toward one end of the vibration-absorbing collar body 31 as the bolt body 33 and the nut body 34 rotate circumferentially and displace relatively, so that the vibration-absorbing collar body 31 can be deformed circumferentially inward and positioned in the tapered cavity 32, a circumferential tightening force acting on the circumferential outer side of the external thread 3311 on the rod-shaped portion 331 of the bolt body 33 is formed inside the vibration-absorbing collar body 31 as the vibration-absorbing collar body 31 deforms circumferentially inward, and at the same time, the vibration-absorbing collar body 31 can absorb more than 90% of vibration waves first, so that it can be ensured that the force-bearing thread sections of the nut and the screw are protected from vibration damage, and can be adjusted, detached and reused.

Specifically, the diameter of the open end of the conical cavity 32 is larger than that of the bottom, and the diameter of the end of the shock-absorbing retainer body 31 facing the bottom of the conical cavity 32 is smaller than that of the other end.

Preferably, the shock-absorbing retainer body 31 is a conical ring structure, and the size of the included angle between the circumferential outer conical surface of the shock-absorbing retainer body 31 and the center line of the shock-absorbing retainer body 31 is not smaller than the size of the included angle between the circumferential inner conical surface of the conical cavity 32 and the center line of the conical cavity 32. Obviously, when the spacer 35 brings the vibration-absorbing retainer body 31 into the tapered cavity 32, the circumferential inner tapered surface of the vibration-absorbing retainer body 31 herein acts on the circumferential outer tapered surface of the vibration-absorbing retainer body 31, thereby achieving circumferential deformation of the vibration-absorbing retainer body 31.

In order to realize that the vibration absorption lock ring body 31 cannot circumferentially rotate with the conical cavity 32 in the circumferential deformation process, the anti-retreat guide structure 37 comprises a plurality of deformation guide openings 371 arranged on the circumferential outer side of the vibration absorption lock ring body 31, the circumferential inner conical surface of the conical cavity 32 is provided with a plurality of anti-retreat guide strips 372 corresponding to the deformation guide openings 371, and the deformation guide openings 371 and the anti-retreat guide strips 372 are mutually clamped.

Preferably, the deformation guide 371 has one end forming a deformation notch 3711 at the circumferential end face of the large end of the vibration absorbing collar body 31 and the other end extending along the circumferential outer side of the vibration absorbing collar body 31 toward the small end of the vibration absorbing collar body 31, the anti-receding guide 372 is integrally formed in the tapered cavity 32 and one end of the anti-receding guide 372 extends to the edge of the open end of the tapered cavity 32, and the other end extends to the bottom of the tapered cavity 32 along the circumferential inner tapered surface of the tapered cavity 32. The deformation guide 371, in addition to cooperating with the anti-receding guide 372 to prevent the vibration-absorbing lock ring body 31 from rotating circumferentially in the circumferential deformation process and in the tapered cavity 32, can also play a role in facilitating the circumferential deformation of the vibration-absorbing lock ring body 31, so that the circumferential holding force is greater.

Further, in order to prevent the gasket 35 and the shock-absorbing bezel body 31 from being displaced in the circumferential direction, there is a backlash preventing circumferential positioning structure 38 between the shock-absorbing bezel body 31 and the gasket 35.

Preferably, the anti-receding circumferential positioning structure 38 here includes a concave-convex portion 381 provided on an end surface of the gasket 35 near one end of the vibration-absorbing retainer body 31, and the concave-convex portion 381 is at least one of a toothed portion, a wavy portion, a concave rib, a convex rib, or an irregular friction grain.

In this embodiment, when the elastic fastening member 4 is located between the spacer 35 and the limiting portion 15 of the bolt body 33, the nut body 34 is circumferentially twisted with respect to the bolt body 33 and is brought close to the limiting portion 15 of the bolt body 33 in the direction of the spacer, the spacer 35 is subjected to an urging force toward one end of the vibration-absorbing retainer body 31, so that the vibration-absorbing retainer body 31 is circumferentially deformed and effectively absorbs vibrations by the elastic force of the vibration-absorbing retainer body 31 itself, the circumferential positioning structure 6 can function as a circumferential positioning function, and since the vibration-absorbing retainer body 31 is an inverted cone-shaped integral body, when being gradually pressed by the tapered cavity 32, a thread is tightly embraced by inward pressing, and vibration absorption is performed by the elastic force of nylon deformation. The outer driving portion of the nut body 34 in this embodiment has a hexagonal shape or other shapes, and the washer 35 may have a circular shape, a hexagonal shape or other shapes.

EXAMPLE III

As shown in fig. 1 and 26, the structure, principle and implementation steps of the present embodiment are similar to those of the embodiment, except that: in this embodiment, the bolt body 33 is a single-headed bolt structure having a rod portion 331, the rod portion 331 of the bolt body 33 passes through the gasket 35, the elastic fastener 4 and the pressing member 11 in this order and is screwed with the base 1, and the head portion 332 of the bolt body 33 abuts the gasket 35 against the upper end of the elastic fastener 4. That is, here, the washer 35 and the head 332 of the bolt body 33 abut against each other. The tapered cavity 32 here is provided on an end face of the head portion 332 formed on the bolt body 33 near one end of the rod portion 331 of the bolt body 33; specifically, the tapered cavity 32 is disposed at one end of the head 332 of the bolt body 33 connected to the rod-shaped portion 331, and is located on the circumferential outer side of the rod-shaped portion 331, the bolt body 33 is in a screw shape, the rod-shaped portion 331 of the bolt body 33 sequentially passes through the gasket 35, the elastic fastener 4 and the pressing member 11 and is screwed into the base 1, one side of the gasket 35 is located on the head 332 side of the bolt body 33, and the other side of the gasket 35 abuts against the elastic fastener 4, when the bolt body 33 is circumferentially twisted, the gasket 35 receives the pressing force from the elastic fastener 4, and drives the vibration absorbing collar body 31 to circumferentially deform inward to generate a circumferential holding force acting on the circumferential outer side of the rod-shaped portion 331 of the bolt body 33, and the vibration absorbing and anti-loosening process is similar to that of the embodiment, and will not be described herein again.

The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Although the base 1, the pressing member 11, the pressing portion 111, the lateral portion 12, the longitudinal portion 13, the top pressing portion 14, the stopper portion 15, the power head 16, the rail body 2, the rail bottom portion 21, the vibration-absorbing loosening-prevention fastening member 3, the vibration-absorbing collar body 31, the opening 311, the concave-convex surface 312, the internal thread 3121, the elastic member 313, the upper locking portion 314, the first concave-convex portion 315, the lower locking portion 316, the second concave-convex portion 317, the tapered cavity 32, the bolt body 33, the rod portion 331, the external thread 3311, the head 332, the nut body 34, the gasket 35, the circumferential positioning structure 36, the first loosening-prevention concave-convex portion 361, the second loosening-prevention concave-convex portion 362, the third loosening-prevention concave-convex portion 363, the fourth loosening-prevention concave portion 364, the loosening-prevention guide structure 37, the deformation guide, the deformation notch 11, the loosening-prevention guide 372, the loosening-prevention circumferential positioning structure 38, the concave-convex portion 381, the elastic fastening member 4, the arc portion 41, the arc-shaped transition portion 42, the positioning gap 3743, and the positioning gap 3743 are used more The terms rotation-preventing positioning structure 5, inner rotation-preventing portion 51, inner rotation-preventing arc-shaped positioning surface 511, outer rotation-preventing portion 52, outer rotation-preventing arc-shaped positioning surface 521, etc., do not exclude the possibility of using other terms. These terms are used merely to more conveniently describe and explain the nature of the present invention; they are to be construed as being without limitation to any additional limitations that may be imposed by the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a locking rail fastener subassembly that moves back, is including setting up rail body (2) on base (1), rail body (2) lower extreme utensil have rail bottom (21), its characterized in that, rail body (2) at least one side elastic fastening (4) that are crooked form have, just elastic fastening (4) one end act on rail bottom (21), on other end base (1), just elastic fastening (4) through inhale shake locking fastener (3) of moving back and be located base (1).

2. The anti-loosening steel rail fastener assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a pressing member (11) obliquely arranged, wherein one end of the pressing member (11) is provided with a pressing part (111) respectively abutted against the rail bottom (21), the elastic fastener (4) is arranged on the pressing member (11), one end of the elastic fastener (4) is abutted against the upper end of the pressing part (111) of the pressing member (11), the other end of the elastic fastener is abutted against one end of the pressing member (11) far away from the pressing part (111), and the elastic fastener (4) is connected with the pressing member (11) through the vibration-absorbing anti-loosening fastener (3) and is positioned on the base (1); the pressing part (111) is provided with a transverse part (12) abutting against the top surface of the rail bottom part (21) and a longitudinal part (13) abutting against the side surface of the rail bottom part (21).

3. The anti-loosening steel rail fastener assembly according to claim 2, wherein the pressing piece (11) is of an obliquely arranged plate-shaped structure, the pressing portion (111) is integrally formed at one end, close to the rail bottom (21) of the steel rail body (2), of the pressing piece (11), the other end of the pressing piece (11) abuts against the base (1) to form a jacking portion (14), and the transverse portion (12) and the longitudinal portion (13) are vertically arranged.

4. The anti-loosening steel rail fastener assembly according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the elastic fastener (4) is provided with at least two adjacent arc-shaped parts (41), at least one ends corresponding to the two adjacent arc-shaped parts (41) are connected, one ends of the arc-shaped parts (41) are respectively abutted against the upper end of the transverse part (12) of the pressing part (111), and the other ends of the arc-shaped parts are abutted against the upper side of the pressing part (14).

5. The anti-loosening steel rail fastener assembly according to claim 4, wherein the elastic fastener (4) is formed by bending an elastic wire for multiple times, the arc-shaped parts (41) are sequentially arranged in parallel, two adjacent arc-shaped parts (41) are connected end to end through arc-shaped transition parts (42), and the arc-shaped transition parts (42) abut against the upper end of the transverse part (12) and/or the upper end of the pressing part (14) of the pressing part (111).

6. The anti-loosening steel rail fastener assembly according to claim 1, wherein the shock-absorbing anti-loosening fastener (3) comprises a bolt body (33), the bolt body (33) sequentially penetrates through a positioning gap (43) between two arc-shaped parts (41) of the elastic fastener (4) in the middle and a pressing piece (11) and is connected with the base (1), a gasket (35) which is abutted against the upper side of the elastic fastener (4) is sleeved on a rod-shaped part (331) of the bolt body (33), an anti-rotation positioning structure (5) is arranged between the gasket (35) and the elastic fastener (4), and the gasket (35) is abutted against the head (332) or the nut body (34) of the bolt body (33); the anti-rotation positioning structure (5) comprises an inner anti-rotation part (51) which is arranged at the lower end of the gasket (35) and is inserted into the positioning gap (43), and at least one side of the inner anti-rotation part (51) is provided with an inner anti-rotation arc positioning surface (511) which is matched with the outer side surface of one side of the adjacent two arc parts (41) close to the positioning gap (43); or, prevent changeing location structure (5) including setting up in the outer portion (52) of preventing changeing of at least one side of gasket (35), just outer portion (52) of preventing changeing have with arc portion (41) keep away from outer anti-rotating arc locating surface (521) of the lateral surface assorted of one side of locating clearance (43).

7. The anti-loosening steel rail fastener assembly according to claim 6, wherein the bolt body (33) is a stud bolt structure with two rod-shaped portions (331), a limiting portion (15) abutting against the base (1) is arranged between the two rod-shaped portions (331) of the bolt body (33), the rod-shaped portion (331) of the bolt body (33) located above penetrates through the elastic fastener (4) and the pressing piece (11) and abuts the gasket (35) against the upper end of the elastic fastener (4) through the nut body (34), the power head (16) is arranged at the upper end of the rod-shaped portion (331) of the bolt body (33) located above, and the rod-shaped portion (331) of the bolt body (33) located below is in threaded connection with the base (1); or, the bolt body (33) is of a single-head bolt structure with a rod-shaped part (331), the rod-shaped part (331) of the bolt body (33) sequentially penetrates through the gasket (35), the elastic fastener (4) and the pressing piece (11) and is in threaded connection with the base (1), and the head (332) of the bolt body (33) enables the gasket (35) to abut against the upper end of the elastic fastener (4).

8. A check rail clip assembly according to claim 6 or 7, wherein said shock-absorbing check fastener (3) further comprises a shock-absorbing retainer body (31) and a tapered cavity (32), the vibration absorption lock ring body (31) is sleeved on the rod-shaped part (331) of the bolt body (33) and is positioned between the gasket (35) and the conical cavity (32), the shock-absorbing lock ring body (31) is in an annular structure with an opening (311) or in a closed annular structure made of deformable materials, the conical cavity (32) is arranged on the head (332) of the bolt body (33) or the nut body (34), and when the gasket (35) is acted by a force towards one end of the vibration absorption lock ring body (31), the vibration absorption lock ring body (31) can be deformed inwards in the circumferential direction and positioned in the conical cavity (32) so as to generate circumferential holding force acting on the outer side of the rod-shaped part (331) of the bolt body (33) in the circumferential direction.

9. The anti-loosening steel rail fastener assembly according to claim 5, wherein the diameter of the open end of the conical cavity (32) is larger than that of the other end, the shock-absorbing collar body (31) is of a conical structure, the diameter of the end, facing the bottom of the conical cavity (32), of the shock-absorbing collar body (31) is smaller than that of the other end, and the conical cavity (32) is formed on the end surface of the head (332) of the bolt body (33) close to the rod-shaped part (331) of the bolt body (33); or the conical cavity (32) is formed on the end face of one end of the nut body (34) close to the gasket (35), the circumferential inner side of the vibration absorption lock ring body (31) is provided with a concave-convex surface (312) which can tightly hold the external thread (3311) on the rod-shaped part (331) of the bolt body (33) when the vibration absorption lock ring body (31) deforms circumferentially inwards, and the concave-convex surface (312) is at least one internal thread (3121), a tooth-shaped part, a wavy part, a concave rib, a convex rib or an irregular friction line.

10. The anti-loosening steel rail fastener assembly according to claim 9, wherein the vibration absorbing and locking ring body (31) is of a conical ring structure, the size of an included angle between the circumferential outer conical surface of the vibration absorbing and locking ring body (31) and the center line of the vibration absorbing and locking ring body (31) is not smaller than the size of an included angle between the circumferential inner conical surface of the conical cavity (32) and the center line of the conical cavity (32), an anti-loosening guide structure (37) is arranged between the vibration absorbing and locking ring body (31) and the conical cavity (32), and an anti-loosening circumferential positioning structure (38) is arranged between the vibration absorbing and locking ring body (31) and the gasket (35);

or, the vibration absorbing collar body (31) is in a spiral shape which is formed by bending an elastic piece (313) made of elastic material and is opposite to the external thread (3311) of the rod-shaped part (331) of the bolt body (33), the cross section of the elastic piece (313) is in any one of a polygon shape, a circle shape, an ellipse shape and an irregular shape, two ends of the elastic piece (313) are arranged in a vertically staggered way, the opening (311) is formed between two ends of the elastic piece (313), the number of turns of the vibration absorbing collar body (31) is less than one turn, the width of the opening (311) of the vibration absorbing collar body (31) is larger than the deformation amount of the external thread (3311) on the rod-shaped part (331) of the vibration absorbing collar body (31) which is deformed inwards and tightly clasps the bolt body (33), the upper locking part (314) is formed on the outer side of one end of the elastic piece (313), and the upper locking part (314) is abutted against the first concave-convex part (315) at the bottom of the conical cavity (32), and a lower locking part (316) is formed on the outer side of the other end, the lower locking part (316) is abutted against a second concave-convex part (317) on one side end surface of the gasket (35), and a circumferential positioning structure (36) is arranged between the gasket (35) and the vibration absorption lock ring body (31) and/or between the vibration absorption lock ring body (31) and the conical cavity (32).

11. A method for removing an anti-loosening steel rail fastener component is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, sleeving the nut body (34) and the gasket (35) of the vibration-absorbing anti-loosening fastener (3) through the special wrench socket, synchronously screwing, releasing the vibration-absorbing lock ring body (31) until the special wrench socket automatically separates from the gasket (35), and continuously rotating the special wrench socket to withdraw the nut body (34) of the vibration-absorbing anti-loosening fastener (3);

s2, sequentially taking down the gasket (35) and the elastic fastener (4) from the rod-shaped part (331) above the bolt body (33) of the vibration absorption anti-loosening fastener (3), separating the steel rail body (2) from the base (1), heating the rod-shaped part (331) below the bolt body (33) of the vibration absorption anti-loosening fastener (3) in an electric heating mode, softening the bar-planted glue on the rod-shaped part (331) below the bolt body (33), screwing out the bolt body (33) through the power head (16), screwing out the bolt body (33) through the limiting part (15) when the rod-shaped part (331) above the bolt body (33) is broken, and drilling once and removing the bar-planted glue on an original hole after the bolt body (33) is taken out.