CN113337326B - 一种包含水溶性的基于甘油的聚亚烷基二醇的水性组合物及其用途 - Google Patents
一种包含水溶性的基于甘油的聚亚烷基二醇的水性组合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含水溶性的基于甘油的聚亚烷基二醇作为合成基础油的水性组合物,以及所述组合物和所述基于甘油的聚亚烷基二醇作为金属加工液在金属加工液中的用途,其中所述甘油以下述顺序连续烷氧基化:首先环氧丙烷,其次环氧乙烷和第三环氧丙烷。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包含水溶性的基于甘油的三嵌段聚亚烷基二醇的水性组合物及其作为金属加工液的用途,其中所述甘油首先用环氧丙烷进行烷氧基化,然后用环氧乙烷进行烷氧基化,最后用环氧丙烷进行烷氧基化。
背景技术
基础油通常是通过蒸馏提炼原油而产生的。虽然较轻油用于燃料,但较重馏分则适合作为基础油。通过加氢处理,在高压下使用氢气除去硫和芳烃以获得精制的基础油,在质量要求特别严格时,就需要将基础油提纯精制。根据性质和精炼方法,美国石油协会(API)将基础油分为五类。
合成基础油被指定为第III-IV类油,其由定义明确的化合物的合成反应而得到的油组分组成,所述化合物通常是基于石油的,而不是由现有的石油原油或植物油精炼的。合成工艺能够精确调节油性质。当在极端温度或宽温度范围下操作时,合成润滑剂用作石油精炼油的替代物。例如,飞行器喷气式发动机需要使用合成基础油,而飞行器活塞式发动机则不需要。合成基础油也用于金属加工中以提供传统石油和动物油脂不具备的对环境和其他方面的益处。
第III类油:该等级包含通过原油的加氢裂化完全生产的油,这使得这些油更纯。API将第III类油定义为“基础油料含有大于或等于90百分比的饱和物和小于或等于0.03百分比的硫并且具有大于或等于120的粘度指数”。该类油可以描述为合成工艺油或加氢裂化合成油。
第IV类油:该类由聚α-烯烃(PAO)制成的合成油组成。PAO油在极端温度下是稳定的,这使得它们同样适用于非常冷的天气(如在北欧所发现的)以及非常热的天气(如在中东地区)。
第V类油:除了在前面定义的组中提及的之外的任何类型的基础油都被定义为第V类基础油。除其他外,第V类基础油尤其包括环烷基油和酯类油。
酯类油是V类油中最突出的合成油。它们通过选择性取代的羧酸与诸如醇或酚的羟基化合物反应而生产。
另一重要类型的第V类油是聚亚烷基二醇(PAG)。术语聚亚烷基二醇和聚二醇可互换使用。聚亚烷基二醇基础油通过水或醇与一种或多种环氧烷烃反应形成:环氧丙烷提供水不溶性,环氧乙烷提供水溶性。
工业乙氧基化主要针对脂肪醇进行,以产生脂肪醇乙氧基化物(FAE's),其为非离子表面活性剂(例如八甘醇单十二烷基醚)的常见形式。这些脂肪醇可以通过来自种子油的脂肪酸的氢化或通过在Shell高级烯烃工艺中的氢甲酰化获得。该反应例如通过在诸如180℃的高温下、典型地在1至2巴的压力下并且在诸如氢氧化钾(KOH)的催化剂的帮助下将环氧乙烷鼓入通过醇来进行。
起始物料通常是伯醇,因为它们比仲醇反应快约10至30倍。典型地,向每个醇分子中添加5至10个环氧乙烷单元,然而乙氧基化醇可能比起始醇更易于乙氧基化,使得反应难以控制并且导致形成具有宽烷氧基化度分布的产物。通过使用可用于产生窄范围乙氧基化物的更复杂的催化剂可建立更好的控制。
乙氧基化可以与丙氧基化结合,该反应类似于使用环氧丙烷作为单体的乙氧基化反应。这两个反应通常在同一反应器中进行并且可以同时进行以得到无规聚合物,或者交替地或顺序地进行以获得嵌段共聚物。环氧丙烷比环氧乙烷更疏水,并且含量很低时即会显著影响表面活性剂的性能。特别是已经用至少一个环氧丙烷单元进行烷氧基化的乙氧基化脂肪醇作为消泡剂而广泛地销售。
环氧乙烷(EO)和环氧丙烷(PO)之间的混合比例,加上化学结构中结合的氧的类型,对聚二醇的性能有着至关重要的影响。在齿轮箱中,通常使用EO/PO比为50:50至60:40的聚二醇。这类组合物的聚二醇通常也称为水溶性聚二醇。
水溶性聚二醇目前约占合成润滑剂市场的24%,而合成润滑剂总计占整个润滑剂市场的4%。水溶性是PAG的特征,该特征通常不由诸如聚α烯烃(PAO)的其他合成润滑剂提供。
PAG用于多种润滑应用中,诸如金属加工液、齿轮油、链条油、食品级润滑剂以及作为HFC型液压和气体压缩机设备中的润滑剂。金属加工液用于具有高剪切速率的工艺,诸如金属件的切割、研磨和冲压。这还包括例如硅晶片的切割。由于高剪切速率和/或水的使用,金属加工液在金属加工过程中需要具有高润滑性和低发泡性以及良好的冷却(淬火)和漂洗性能。
在上述内容中,淬火是在包含基础油的油组合物中进行快速冷却工件。在齿轮油、链条油和/或液压油中通常不需要水,并且还可以使用水不溶性PAG。那么发泡不是关键问题。
基于EO和PO与水反应获得的嵌段环氧乙烷-嵌段环氧丙烷共聚物的非离子表面活性剂例如由巴斯夫(BASF)以名称和/>出售。它们可作为EO-PO-EO-共聚物(PE)或PO-EO-PO-共聚物(RPE)获得。/>RPE 1720和1740通常在金属清洗中用作消泡剂和润湿剂。
基于诸如甘油的多元醇的PAG也是已知的。
DE2220338公开了水溶性润滑剂、金属加工液和液压油,其示出在高机械剪切下显示低发泡和低树脂形成率。所公开的组合物是基于由一种起始醇与环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷反应的混合聚合物。优选地,聚合物含有相对较大的由统计分布的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷单元组成的混合嵌段,接着是纯环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷单元的较小的嵌段。一个实例是基于甘油的聚亚烷基二醇,其首先用环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的混合物进行烷氧基化,然后再与另一环氧丙烷嵌段反应。这样得到了第一嵌段中具有60wt%环氧乙烷和30wt%环氧丙烷且在后续嵌段中具有另一10wt%环氧丙烷的聚醚。
许多现有技术文献公开了添加到甘油中的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷单元的统计分布的混合物(例如US3954639、DD250634、US5334322、WO 2015069509、US20160186085)用作润滑剂组合物中的基础液。
仅被环氧乙烷进行烷氧基化的甘油是一种熟知的表面活性剂(参见US20160340625),但是在通常用作金属加工液中的一种组分的油中溶解度较低。
仅被环氧丙烷进行烷氧基化的甘油作为轮胎润滑剂(US4034924)、作为水溶性切削油剂中的组分(JP2014105232)或作为储存持久润滑油中的消泡剂(CN108456587)而熟知。
WO2015049184公开了具有0至4个丙氧基单元、随后是6至22个乙氧基单元、并用0至4个丙氧基单元封端的烷氧基化甘油作为用于基于甲醇的柴油燃料的甲醇可溶性点火改进剂。
发明内容
式(I)的聚亚烷基二醇
其中彼此独立地
-R1是-(C3H6O)x1-(C2H4O)y1-(C3H6O)z1-H;
-R2是-(C3H6O)x2-(C2H4O)y2-(C3H6O)z2-H;且
-R3是-(C3H6O)x3-(C2H4O)y3-(C3H6O)z3-H;
且
-x1、x2和x3彼此独立地为0至6的数;
-y1、y2和y3彼此独立地为0至40的数;以及
-z1、z2和z3彼此独立地为0至32的数;
且
-x1+x2+x3具有从1至4的平均值;
-y1+y2+y3具有2至30的平均值;以及
-z1+z2+z3具有从1至25的平均值;
同时显示出良好的水溶性(高浊点)并且在水性环境中进一步具有良好的润滑性、低的泡沫形成倾向和良好的润湿性。
上式(I)的聚亚烷基二醇是进一步包含水的组合物的一部分。本发明要求保护包含上述式(I)的水溶性的基于甘油的三嵌段聚亚烷基二醇和水的组合物。进一步要求保护它们在金属加工液中作为基础油的用途。
在优选实施例中,彼此独立地,y和z值可单独地或共同地进一步限定为如下:
-y1+y2+y3具有2至10的平均值;和/或
-z1+z2+z3具有从1至20的平均值。
在另外的优选实施例中,彼此独立地,x、y和z值可单独地或共同地进一步限定为如下:
-x1+x2+x3具有1.8至2.2的平均值;
-y1+y2+y3具有6.5至7.5的平均值;和/或
-z1+z2+z3具有2至12、更优选3至10的平均值。
以上平均值是数值平均值,例如通过测量所使用的环氧烷烃的消耗由烷氧基化反应的化学计量所衍生。
或者,可通过其制备方法描述基于甘油的聚亚烷基二醇。所述甘油随后以以下顺序被烷氧基化:首先用环氧丙烷,然后环氧乙烷,最后再次环氧丙烷,其中所述第一步骤在消耗1至4、优选1.8至2.2当量的PO下进行,第二步骤在消耗2至30、优选2至10或更优选6.5至7.5当量的EO下进行,并且第三步在消耗1至25、优选2至12或更优选3至10当量的PO下进行。
有益效果
现有技术提供了许多化学结构不同的基础油。在测试包括PAG在内的不同可获得的基础油时,发现存在提供水溶性PAG基础油的需要。本发明提出了一种水溶性PAG基础油,所述水溶性PAG基础油具有出低的快速发泡和/或消泡倾向,具有良好的润滑性和润湿性并且提供有效的沉降并且可以容易地再循环的特点。
其中所述水溶性PAG基础油显示出更低的发泡倾向和/或更快的消泡趋势,具有良好的润滑性和润湿性并且提供有效的沉降,以提升金属加工液的循环利用效率。所述水溶性PAG制备的金属加工液同样具有上述性能的优点。
其次,水溶性PAG基础油具有更高的浊点,可以有效增加其在碱性金属加工液组合物中的溶解性,进而可以显著减少一元羧酸类增溶剂的剂量,优选不添加一元羧酸增溶剂。这样不仅减少了由一元酸带来的金属加工液组合物的泡沫问题,而且还减少了由一元酸引起的气味问题,尤其是在金属加工液的实际使用中尤为重要。
具体实施方式
所述烷氧基化优选在搅拌式或环流式反应器中,在碱催化剂的存在下,于120℃至180℃的温度和1至10Bar的压力下进行。在环氧烷烃与甘油起始剂反应之后,可使用当量摩尔比的有机酸将碱催化剂中和至0至0.3mg KOH/g范围内的酸值。优选的碱催化剂是氢氧化钾和/或甲醇钾,优选以相对于包括催化剂的最后的最终产物的重量在0.1至0.4wt%范围内的催化剂剂量。最优选有机酸为冰醋酸和乳酸中的一种或多种。最终中和的盐可以保留在产物中或通过本领域有经验的专家熟知的吸附和过滤技术除去。
或者,所述甘油烷氧基化物可以通过由合适的烷氧基化催化剂与所述环氧烷烃反应来制备。合适的催化剂是衍生自第IA族和第IIA族的金属,包括钾、钠、钙、镁;通常,这些金属以碱盐且特别是其氢氧化物的形式存在。
某些催化剂物种在生产低分散性指数的窄分布型烷氧化物的能力方面得到了认可。烷氧基化甘油的多分散性指数(PDI)定义为重均EO摩尔数与数均的比率。使用衍生自第IIA族金属、特别是钙或镁的催化剂通常被认为是窄分布乙氧基化催化剂。相反,衍生自诸如氢氧化钾的第IA族金属的催化剂通常被认为产生宽分布的乙氧基化醇,其中多分散性指数可以为1.37或更高。
根据一个实施方案,通过由窄分布的烷氧基化催化剂、更优选由含钙的乙氧基化催化剂的反应制备甘油烷氧基化物,提供具有1.35或更低、优选1.3或更低、更优选1.25或更低的多分散性指数的烷氧基化甘油。合适的含钙烷氧基化催化剂的实例是由Sasol(美国)公司开发的专有NOVEL催化剂。
不受理论的约束,假定直接连接到甘油的PO构建单元导致后续EO-加成的更平衡的分布,因为它们分别平衡甘油的伯醇和仲醇基团的-OH与EO之间的反应性差异。
式(I)的水溶性聚亚烷基二醇彼此独立地具有以下性质中的一种或多种:
-根据GB/T 3535,倾点低于-30℃;
-根据GB/T 7383,羟值为100至300mg KOH/g、优选150至270mg KOH/g;
-根据GB/T 265,在25℃下的运动粘度低于或等于1500厘斯(cSt)、优选低于300cSt;
-根据GB/T 265,在40℃下的运动粘度低于或等于100cSt;
-根据GB/T 265,在100℃下的运动粘度低于或等于10cSt;
-水含量等于或低于0.5wt%;以及
-分子量在600和1200g/mol之间(数均分子量)。
在一个优选的实施方案中,组合物包含5至30wt%的式(I)的水溶性聚亚烷基二醇。
该组合物可以进一步包含至少一种烷醇胺、优选5wt%至25wt%的至少一种烷醇胺。所述烷醇胺优选选自单乙醇胺、三乙醇胺和/或单异丙醇胺的组合。
该组合物可以进一步包含硼酸、三嗪三羧酸和/或磷酸及其任何盐,例如其钠盐,优选0.1至10wt%。
该组合物可以进一步包含至少一种羧酸,根据一个实施方案为0.1至15wt%、优选0.5至10wt%。根据本发明的一个实施方案,所述组合物不包含羧酸。该羧酸可以是C6至C14单羧酸或二羧酸,例如异壬酸、2-丁基辛酸、新癸酸、1,12-十二烷二酸。通常将酸加入直至溶液澄清,且于25℃测得组合物的pH值在7到10之间、优选在8到10之间为止。
该组合物还可以包含0.1wt%至0.5wt%的氨基乙酸的钠盐,例如EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)四钠;和/或0.1wt%至0.5wt%的至少一种杀菌剂,例如(聚[氧乙烯(二甲基亚胺)-乙烯(二甲基亚胺)]二氯乙烯)。
水的用量优选为30到85wt%。根据一个实施方案,组合物的剩余部分是去离子水。
此外,组合物优选在25℃具有7到10之间、优选8到10之间的pH值。
优选地,组合物的表面张力等于或低于60mN/m和/或金属表面接触角等于或低于90°。
在具有水的金属加工液组合物中1wt%的式(I)的水溶性聚亚烷基二醇的根据GB/T 5559的浊点优选高于80℃。该高浊点可以减少使用在水中溶解式(I)的聚亚烷基二醇所需的低剂量的一元酸(例如异壬酸),优选不用诸如壬酸的羧酸。
根据本发明的组合物的另一个优点是一元酸的添加经常引起气味和泡沫,特别是在金属加工液组合物使用较长时间期间。这可以被避免或至少最小化。希望放弃使用一元酸。
该组合物可以用作金属加工液,显示出降低的发泡、低表面张力和在金属表面上的低接触角。
进一步地,式(I)的烷氧基化甘油降低了攻丝扭矩并提升了组合物的浊点。此外,由于使用较低量的一元酸,组合物的气味更令人愉悦。
更优选地,所述聚亚烷基二醇用于将所述组合物的表面张力降低至60mN/m及以下和/或将金属表面上的接触角降低至90°及以下。
本发明的水溶性PAG可用作金属加工液组合物中的全合成基油。除了PAG和水外,所述组合物在用作金属加工液时可包含上述酸、胺和其他添加剂。
本发明的金属加工液例如用于具有高剪切速率的工艺,诸如金属件的切割、研磨和冲压。这还包括例如硅晶片的切割。
另一个用途是作为金属加工中的淬火液。在上述内容中,淬火是在包含根据本发明的PAG基础油的油组合物中进行快速冷却工件。
还要求保护所述组合物作为金属加工液的用途以及式(I)的聚亚烷基二醇在金属加工液和/或金属加工工艺中的用途。
用于应用根据本发明的金属加工液的金属加工工艺中的典型金属合金是7075、6061、5053和LY 12类型的铝合金,紫铜,铸铁和诸如不锈钢的铁合金。
测量技术
倾点是根据GB/T 3535(中国标准,等同于ASTM D 97)确定的,在不同温度(例如25、40和100℃)下的运动粘度根据GB/T 265(等同于ISO 3104)确定,1wt.%水溶液的浊点根据GB/T 5559(等同于ISO 1065)确定,羟值(mg KOH/g)根据GB/T 7383(等同于ISO 4326)确定。
根据以下方法测量金属加工液的另外的特性,如发泡性能、表面张力、金属表面接触角、沉降和润滑性。
泡沫性能通过以下来测试:将50ml稀释的金属加工液(通常至3至5wt%)放入100ml具塞量筒中,用一只手摇动该量筒1分钟100至110次,并且此后以ml计测定形成的泡沫的体积以及直到泡沫再次完全衰减所需的时间。
泡沫在金属加工中是不期望的,因为它影响可见度并扩展了液体的体积。因此,泡沫形成(如以上提供的测量)应该低于或等于20ml并且泡沫衰减等于或低于10秒。
测定泡沫性能的广泛公认的方法是CNOMO泡沫测试D 65 5212,其中将待检测的经稀释的金属加工液在2000ml量筒中引入至1000ml刻度,以250l/h±10l/h循环5小时±5分钟,同时使用水循环将液体的温度保持在23℃±2℃。之后,测定测试期间形成的泡沫的体积(以ml计)和静置15分钟后剩余的泡沫,以及液体的外观分级(0=无变化至5=装置的一般污染)和测试结束时的流量(以l/h计)。分级以如下方式报告:时间/泡沫体积/15min后的泡沫体积/液体外观/测试结束时的流量。例如,分级300/500/0/0/250意指测试5小时(300min)后的500ml泡沫体积,测试结束后15分钟后无泡沫,初始外观未改变,并且测试结束时的流量为250l/h。
所述经稀释的金属加工液的表面张力可以根据ASTMD 3825测定。
诸如铸铁的金属表面上的接触角可以根据ASTMD 5725测定。表面张力优选低于60mN/m,且在铸铁上的接触角低于90°。
来自金属加工的磨损金属屑应该尽可能快地与金属加工液分离,以便可以从金属加工液中有效地去除磨损,使得金属加工液可以再循环以供进一步使用。测试用过的金属加工液的这种性质的方法是将5wt%的碳粉加入到限定体积的金属加工液或经稀释的金属加工液中,搅拌混合物5分钟并观察碳粉在具塞量筒底部随时间的沉降(例如在60分钟之后)。
稀释液组合物与碳粉混合相的体积越小,沉降越好,分离越有效。有效的分离允许在金属加工中更有效地再循环水。
该稀释金属加工液的润滑性可以通过或基于ASTM D 5619(使用攻丝扭矩测试仪对比金属切削液)的攻丝扭矩测试方法来确定。测量在用油组合物润滑时攻丝空白试样螺母中的螺纹所需的扭矩,并与在用参比油品润滑时攻丝空白试样螺母中的螺纹所需的扭矩进行比较。当使用相同的丝锥时,参比油品与测试的油组合物的平均扭矩值的比率表示为该测试油组合物的百分比效率。还可以比较最大扭矩的平均值。扭矩越低,所测试的油组合物的效率越高。对于报告的扭矩值,需要公开使用的金属合金、测试速度和液浓度。
实施例
用KOH作为催化剂进行甘油的烷氧基化,并且如果适用,则随后进行丙氧基化和乙氧基化,使得限定的构建单元连接至三醇。将环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷以相应的当量(例如对于2mol PO,2mol当量,对于5EO,5mol当量)连续给料,但反应当然以统计方式进行,这意味着实际上分子对于每个构建单元具有统计分布的烷氧基化度。这就是为何对于不同产物给出的构建块的最终数目只能是所产生的所有分子的平均值的原因。
表1:合成的基于甘油的聚亚烷基二醇
化合物 | 结构 | 分子量[g/mol] |
1组合物 | 甘油+7.5EO | 420 |
2组合物 | 甘油+7EO+10PO | 980 |
3组合物 | 甘油+18EO+37PO | 3000 |
4组合物 | 甘油+10PO | 671 |
5组合物 | 甘油+2PO+7EO | 520 |
6本发明 | 甘油+2PO+7EO+3PO | 690 |
7本发明 | 甘油+2PO+7EO+7PO | 920 |
8本发明 | 甘油+2PO+7EO+10PO | 1100 |
9组合物 | 甘油+5PO+7EO+7PO | 1100 |
表2:市售和合成的聚亚烷基二醇的性质
表2的聚亚烷基二醇用于根据以下配方的金属加工液组合物中(均以wt%计)。
上述配方中的所述的去离子水~100意思是将上述溶液配好后加入去离子水使溶液配成100%。
其中,异壬酸的量根据下表确定:
根据本发明的组合物可以显著减少或不需要添加异壬酸,这样不仅减少了由一元酸带来的泡沫问题,而且还减少了由一元酸引起的气味问题,尤其是在金属加工液的实际使用中尤为重要。
将金属加工液在蒸馏水中稀释至3wt%,钙镁硬度为100ppm的硬水并且根据上述测量技术测定这些制剂的性质(参见表3)。
表3:金属加工液组合物的性质
*测试通过以下进行:在100ml量筒中振摇50ml金属加工液1分钟,然后测定泡沫的体积以及泡沫再次完全衰减所需的时间;
#60分钟后100ml具塞量筒下部金属加工液稀释液与碳粉混合相的体积。
根据CNOMO的泡沫生成评级在所有情况下是相同的,除了在测试的5小时之后直接的泡沫体积。因此,在表3中仅报道了该值(X)。其他值为300/X/0/0/125。
可以清楚地看到,与商业EO/PO嵌段共聚物(1740,1720)、甘油-EO(1)、甘油-EO-PO(2,3)、甘油-PO(4)、甘油PO-EO(5)和超出要求的范围的甘油PO-EO-PO(9)相比,由根据本发明基于甘油的聚亚烷基二醇6、7和8制备的的金属加工液显示出低得多的泡沫形成,更快的泡沫衰减,更低的攻丝扭矩,相当的表面张力和接触角,以及更低的沉降体积。这使得它们成为金属加工应用的高效PAG组合物。
Claims (27)
1.一种组合物,其包含:
-水;以及
-至少一种式(I)的水溶性聚亚烷基二醇
其中彼此独立地
-R1是-(C3H6O)x1-(C2H4O)y1-(C3H6O)z1-H;
-R2是-(C3H6O)x2-(C2H4O)y2-(C3H6O)z2-H;以及
-R3是-(C3H6O)x3-(C2H4O)y3-(C3H6O)z3-H;
以及
-x1、x2和x3彼此独立地为0至6的数;
-y1、y2和y3彼此独立地为0至40的数;以及
-z1、z2和z3彼此独立地为0至32的数;
以及
-x1+x2+x3具有从1至4的平均值;
-y1+y2+y3具有2至30的平均值;以及
-z1+z2+z3具有从1至25的平均值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,其中彼此独立地,
-x1+x2+x3具有1.8至2.2的平均值;
-y1+y2+y3具有2至10的平均值;和/或
-z1+z2+z3具有1至20的平均值。
3.根据权利要求2所述的组合物,其特征在于,其中-y1+y2+y3具有6.5至7.5的平均值。
4.根据权利要求2所述的组合物,其特征在于,其中-z1+z2+z3具有2至12的平均值。
5.根据权利要求4所述的组合物,其特征在于,其中-z1+z2+z3具有3至10的平均值。
6.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,其中式(I)的水溶性聚亚烷基二醇彼此独立地具有以下性质中的一种或多种:
-根据GB/T 3535,倾点低于-30℃;
-根据GB/T 7383,羟值为100至300mg KOH/g;
-根据GB/T 265,在25℃下的运动粘度低于或等于1500cSt;
-根据GB/T 265,在40℃下的运动粘度低于或等于100cSt;
-根据GB/T 265,在100℃下的运动粘度低于或等于10cSt;
-水含量等于或低于0.5wt%;以及
-平均分子量在600到1200g/mol之间。
7.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,其特征在于,其中式(I)的水溶性聚亚烷基二醇彼此独立地具有以下性质中的一种或多种:
-根据GB/T 3535,倾点低于-30℃;
-根据GB/T 7383,羟值为150至270mg KOH/g;
-根据GB/T 265,在25℃下的运动粘度低于或等于1500cSt;
-根据GB/T 265,在40℃下的运动粘度低于或等于100cSt;
-根据GB/T 265,在100℃下的运动粘度低于或等于10cSt;
-水含量等于或低于0.5wt%;以及
-平均分子量在600到1200g/mol之间。
8.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,其特征在于,其中式(I)的水溶性聚亚烷基二醇彼此独立地具有以下性质中的一种或多种:
-根据GB/T 3535,倾点低于-30℃;
-根据GB/T 7383,羟值为100至300mg KOH/g;
-根据GB/T 265,在25℃下的运动粘度低于300cSt;
-根据GB/T 265,在40℃下的运动粘度低于或等于100cSt;
-根据GB/T 265,在100℃下的运动粘度低于或等于10cSt;
-水含量等于或低于0.5wt%;以及
-平均分子量在600到1200g/mol之间。
9.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,包含30至85wt%的水。
10.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,包含5至30wt%的式(I)的水溶性聚亚烷基二醇。
11.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,包含至少一种烷醇胺。
12.根据权利要求11所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述烷醇胺选自由单乙醇胺、三乙醇胺和单异丙醇胺组成的组。
13.根据权利要求12所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述烷醇胺为5至25wt%。
14.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,包含一种羧酸,所述羧酸的质量百分比为0.1至15wt%。
15.根据权利要求14所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述羧酸为C6至C16单羧酸或二羧酸。
16.根据权利要求14所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述羧酸为异壬酸、2-丁基辛酸或新癸酸。
17.根据权利要求14或15所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述羧酸的质量百分比为0.5至10wt%。
18.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物不包含C6至C16单羧酸或二羧酸。
19.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,包含0.1至0.5wt%的氨基乙酸的钠盐;和/或0.1至0.5wt%的至少一种杀菌剂。
20.根据权利要求19所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述包含0.1至0.5wt%的氨基乙酸的钠盐为EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)四钠。
21.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物在25℃下具有在7到10之间的pH值。
22.根据权利要求21所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物在25℃下具有在8与10之间的pH值。
23.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物具有等于或低于60mN/m的表面张力。
24.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物在金属表面上具有等于或小于90°的接触角。
25.根据权利要求1所述的组合物作为金属加工液的用途。
26.式(I)的水溶性聚亚烷基二醇的用途,
其中彼此独立地
-R1是-(C3H6O)x1-(C2H4O)y1-(C3H6O)z1-H;
-R2是-(C3H6O)x2-(C2H4O)y2-(C3H6O)z2-H;以及
-R3是-(C3H6O)x3-(C2H4O)y3-(C3H6O)z3-H;
以及
-x1、x2和x3彼此独立地为0至6的数;
-y1、y2和y3彼此独立地为0至40的数;以及
-z1、z2和z3彼此独立地为0至32的数;
以及
-x1+x2+x3具有从1至4的平均值;
-y1+y2+y3具有2至30的平均值;以及
-z1+z2+z3具有从1至25的平均值;
其作为金属加工液中的基础油。
27.根据权利要求26所述的用途,其特征在于,所述基础油将所述金属加工液的表面张力降低至60mN/m及以下,和/或将金属表面上的接触角降低至90°及以下。
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