CN113328448B - Optimization method and device for energy storage participation in kinetic energy frequency modulation of fan rotor - Google Patents

Optimization method and device for energy storage participation in kinetic energy frequency modulation of fan rotor Download PDF

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CN113328448B
CN113328448B CN202110692266.7A CN202110692266A CN113328448B CN 113328448 B CN113328448 B CN 113328448B CN 202110692266 A CN202110692266 A CN 202110692266A CN 113328448 B CN113328448 B CN 113328448B
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frequency
rotor
kinetic energy
fan
power
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CN113328448A (en
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陈霞
陈思源
杨丘帆
周建宇
文劲宇
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H02J3/144Demand-response operation of the power transmission or distribution network
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/466Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28The renewable source being wind energy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/40Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation wherein a plurality of decentralised, dispersed or local energy generation technologies are operated simultaneously
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an optimization method and device for energy storage participation fan rotor kinetic energy frequency modulation, belonging to the technical field of electrical engineering, firstly judging whether energy storage is put into for frequency modulation based on system frequency deviation, and when energy storage is not required to be put into, taking rotor kinetic energy control frequency modulation output and rotor kinetic energy control exit time as decision variables, and taking the maximum value of the frequency deviation at the lowest frequency point of an over-production stage and a recovery stage as a target to optimize the decision variables; when energy storage is needed, rotor kinetic energy control frequency modulation output, rotor kinetic energy control exit time and energy storage frequency modulation power are used as decision variables, and the decision variables are optimized by taking minimum energy storage frequency modulation power as a target. Therefore, the invention can effectively reduce the frequency drop problem in the kinetic energy control process of the fan rotor, reduce the energy storage output as much as possible and improve the frequency modulation economy of the system.

Description

Optimization method and device for energy storage participation in kinetic energy frequency modulation of fan rotor
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrical engineering, and particularly relates to an optimization method and device for energy storage to participate in kinetic energy frequency modulation of a fan rotor.
Background
The fan is added with an auxiliary frequency control module, which is a scheme for solving the problem of power system frequency safety caused by new energy replacing a synchronous machine, wherein the fan can run at the maximum power point by utilizing a frequency modulation mode of rotor kinetic energy, and the economy is better than that of a power standby mode. However, when the system has power shortage, after the rotor decelerates to release energy to participate in frequency modulation, the rotor speed recovery may bring frequency secondary drop hazard to the power system, and the frequency drop needs to be reduced as much as possible through a related control optimization method.
The stored energy can participate in wind power frequency modulation, but if the stored energy provides a large amount of standby power, the problems of high cost and poor economic benefit are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an optimization method and device for energy storage to participate in the kinetic energy frequency modulation of a fan rotor, and aims to solve the technical problems of poor frequency modulation effect and high energy storage input cost of the conventional wind storage system.
In order to achieve the above object, in one aspect, the present invention provides an optimization method for energy storage to participate in frequency modulation of kinetic energy of a wind turbine rotor, including the following steps:
s1, monitoring the system frequency, and executing S2-S3 when the deviation of the system frequency is smaller than a deviation threshold value; otherwise, executing S4-S5;
s2, starting control of rotor kinetic energy at time t0Generated system external load disturbance Δ PdControlling the frequency-modulated output delta P by the kinetic energy of the rotorfThe moment t of rotor kinetic energy control exitoffThe resulting power drop Δ PoffPower rise Δ P in recovery phaserLinearly superposing to obtain the power change delta P of the system;
s3, respectively obtaining the frequency deviation delta f at the lowest frequency point of the overproduction stage and the recovery stage based on the system power change delta Pn1And Δ fn2(ii) a By Δ PfAnd toffTo make decisions on variables to minimize | Δ fn1|、|Δfn2The maximum value of the l and the L is taken as a target, and a decision variable is optimized;
s4, starting control of rotor kinetic energy at time t0Generated system external load disturbance Δ PdRotor kinetic energy control frequency modulation output delta PfAnd the energy storage frequency modulation power delta PBKinetic energy of rotorControl exit time toffThe resulting power drop Δ PoffPower rise Δ P in recovery phaserLinearly superposing to obtain system power change delta P';
s5, respectively obtaining frequency deviation delta f 'at the lowest frequency points of the overproduction stage and the recovery stage based on the system power change delta P'n1And Δ f'n2(ii) a By Δ Pf、toffAnd Δ PBAs a decision variable to minimize Δ PBTo target, constraint condition max (| Δ f'n1|,|Δf′n2|)≤ΔfnmaxOptimizing the decision variables, where Δ fnmaxIs the maximum allowable frequency deviation.
Further, in S2, the system power change Δ P is represented as:
ΔP=(ΔPd+ΔPf)ε(t-t0)+ΔPoffε(t-toff)+ΔPr(t)[ε(t-toff)-ε(t-tend)]
Figure BDA0003127232970000021
ΔPoff=krefΔPf
ΔPr(t)=kr(t-toff)
wherein epsilon (t) is a unit step function expression, tendTo end the time of the ramp response, HsIs the system inertia time constant, fbFor nominal frequency, k, of the power systemrefTo approximate the coefficients, krIs the slope of a linear function.
Further, in S3, according to the SFR model, the frequency deviation response Δ f (t) caused by the system power change Δ P is obtained as:
Δf(t)=Δf1(t)+Δf2(t)+Δf3(t)
Figure BDA0003127232970000022
frequency deviation Δ f at the lowest point of the frequencies in the overproduction phase and in the recovery phasen1And Δ fn2Comprises the following steps:
Δfn1=Δf(tn1)=Δf1(tn1)=(ΔPf+ΔPd)h(tn1-t0)
Δfn2=Δf(tn2)=Δf1(tn2)+Δf2(tn2)+Δf3(tn2)
=(ΔPf+ΔPd)h(tn2-t0)+(ΔPoff)h(tn2-toff)+krc(tn2-toff)
wherein h (t), c (t) are unit step response and unit slope response of frequency, respectively, tn1And tn2Respectively the minimum point time of the frequency of the overproduction stage and the recovery stage.
Further, in S3, the optimization process needs to satisfy the constraint condition:
Figure BDA0003127232970000031
wherein, Δ PmaxThe maximum value of the output power of the fan participating in the rotor kinetic energy regulation, wherein omega is the rotating speed of the rotor of the fan, and omega is the rotating speed of the rotor of the fanminAnd ωmaxThe lower limit value and the upper limit value of the rotating speed of the fan rotor.
Further, in S5, the frequency deviation delta f 'at the lowest frequency point of the overproduction stage and the recovery stage'n1And Δ f'n2Comprises the following steps:
Δf′n1=Δfn1+ΔfB=(ΔPf+ΔPd+ΔPB)h(tn1-t0)
Δf′n2=Δfn2+ΔfB=(ΔPf+ΔPd+ΔPB)h(tn2-t0)+ΔPoffh(tn2-toff)+krc(tn2-toff)
wherein, Δ fB(t) is Δ PBResulting in a frequency response of Δ fB(t)=(ΔPB)h(t-t0)ε(t-t0)。
Further, in S5, the optimization process needs to satisfy the constraint condition:
Figure BDA0003127232970000032
wherein, Δ PmaxThe maximum value of the output power of the fan participating in the rotor kinetic energy regulation, wherein omega is the rotating speed of the rotor of the fan, and omega is the rotating speed of the rotor of the fanminAnd ωmaxThe lower limit value and the upper limit value of the rotating speed of the fan rotor.
On the other hand, the invention also provides an optimization device for energy storage to participate in the frequency modulation of the kinetic energy of the fan rotor, which comprises the following components:
the monitoring and judging module is used for monitoring the system frequency and judging whether the deviation of the system frequency is smaller than a deviation threshold value, if so, the operation of the first optimizing module is executed; otherwise, executing the operation of the second optimization module;
a first optimization module for controlling the rotor kinetic energy at the starting time t0Generated system external load disturbance Δ PdControlling the frequency-modulated output delta P by the kinetic energy of the rotorfThe moment t of rotor kinetic energy control exitoffThe resulting power drop Δ PoffPower rise Δ P in recovery phaserLinearly superposing to obtain the power change delta P of the system; respectively obtaining the frequency deviation delta f at the lowest frequency point in the overproduction stage and the recovery stage based on the system power change delta Pn1And Δ fn2(ii) a By Δ PfAnd toffTo make decisions on variables to minimize | Δ fn1|、|Δfn2The maximum value of the l and the L is taken as a target, and a decision variable is optimized;
a second optimization module for controlling the rotor kinetic energy at the starting time t0Generated system external load disturbance Δ PdRotor kinetic energy control frequency modulation output delta PfAnd the energy storage frequency modulation power delta PBThe moment t of rotor kinetic energy control exitoffGeneratingPower drop Δ PoffPower rise Δ P in recovery phaserLinearly superposing to obtain system power change delta P'; respectively obtaining the frequency deviation delta f 'at the lowest frequency points of the over-production stage and the recovery stage on the basis of the system power change delta P'n1And Δ f'n2(ii) a By Δ Pf、toffAnd Δ PBAs a decision variable to minimize Δ PBTo target, constraint condition max (| Δ f'n1|,|Δf′n2|)≤ΔfnmaxOptimizing the decision variables, where Δ fnmaxIs the maximum allowable frequency deviation.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
judging whether energy storage is put into for frequency modulation or not based on system frequency deviation, and optimizing decision variables by taking rotor kinetic energy control frequency modulation output and rotor kinetic energy control exit time as decision variables and taking the maximum value of the frequency deviation at the lowest frequency point in an overproduction stage and a recovery stage as a target when the energy storage is not required to be put into; when energy storage is needed, rotor kinetic energy control frequency modulation output, rotor kinetic energy control exit time and energy storage frequency modulation power are used as decision variables, and the decision variables are optimized by taking minimum energy storage frequency modulation power as a target. Therefore, the invention can effectively reduce the frequency drop problem in the kinetic energy control process of the fan rotor, reduce the energy storage output as much as possible and improve the frequency modulation economy of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process for controlling frequency modulation of kinetic energy of a rotor of a wind turbine according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the variation of the electromagnetic power of the fan with time when the rotor kinetic energy control frequency modulation is provided by the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system frequency response when the rotor kinetic energy controls the frequency modulation provided by the embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of frequency responses between an optimal output force and a non-optimal output force when the rotor kinetic energy control frequency modulation is provided by the embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of frequency responses at an optimal exit time and a non-optimal exit time when the rotor kinetic energy controls the frequency modulation provided by the embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating response of fan electromagnetic power and rotor speed during frequency modulation of rotor kinetic energy control provided by the embodiment;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating frequency response comparison of different energy storage output situations when the energy storage participates in the auxiliary frequency modulation according to the embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in combination with fig. 2 and fig. 3, the invention provides an optimization method for energy storage to participate in frequency modulation of kinetic energy of a fan rotor, comprising the following steps:
s1, monitoring the system frequency, and executing S2-S3 when the deviation of the system frequency is smaller than a deviation threshold value; otherwise, executing S4-S5;
specifically, a system frequency deviation range (f) is setmin,fmax) The method is divided into two different working conditions, and if the load sudden change is not large, the frequency modulation of the fan and the traditional unit can reach the frequency modulation standard fmin<f<fmaxIn the process, the stored energy does not participate in auxiliary work, and the fan is matched with the traditional unit at the moment, so that the frequency drop is reduced as much as possible; if the load sudden change is large, the frequency modulation effect of the fan and the traditional unit can not meet the frequency modulation standard fmin<f<fmaxAnd meanwhile, the stored energy starts to participate in the auxiliary frequency modulation work, and the output of the stored energy is reduced as much as possible on the premise that the system frequency does not exceed the limited range.
S2, starting control of rotor kinetic energy at time t0Generated system external load disturbance Δ PdControlling the frequency-modulated output delta P by the kinetic energy of the rotorfThe moment t of rotor kinetic energy control exitoffThe resulting power drop Δ PoffPower rise Δ P in recovery phaserLinearly superposing to obtain the power change delta P of the system;
specifically, first, when a power imbalance, such as a sudden load demand or loss of power, occurs, the power system frequency drops. In practical situations, the sudden change of the load cannot be directly measured, and needs to be indirectly calculated through a frequency change signal of the system.
According to the oscillation equation of the power grid, when the damping is ignored, the active power imbalance caused by disturbance, namely the disturbance power size delta PdThe following can be obtained from the measured system frequency change rate:
Figure BDA0003127232970000061
in the formula, HsIs the system inertia time constant, fbIs the nominal frequency of the power system.
Secondly, for a fan, the rotor oscillation equation is as follows:
Figure BDA0003127232970000062
in the formula, HwIs the fan inertia time constant, omegarIs the angular speed of the rotor, PmAnd PeRespectively the mechanical power and the electromagnetic power of the fan.
As shown in figure 1, in order to provide the self-frequency modulation function, the fan firstly needs to release part of the rotor speed, the part of the energy participates in the rotor kinetic energy control frequency modulation (A-B) as electromagnetic power, and the power excess state is kept for a limited time so as to make up for the power shortage (B-C) in the power grid. And then over time, this phase becomes the overproduction phase. The overproduction stage is followed by a power attenuation process (C-D), at which time a rotor speed recovery process, called recovery stage (D-A), is initiated, and the rotor speed and the fan electromagnetic power are recovered from the MPPT curve to the initial condition.
After the production phase and the recovery phase, the electromagnetic power of the fan changes with time, as shown in fig. 2.
As shown in FIG. 3, due to the variation of the electromagnetic power of the wind turbine, the wind turbineAccording to the motion equation of the rotor, under the condition that the mechanical power is not matched with the electromagnetic power, the rotating speed of the rotor of the fan is changed, so that the system frequency is changed. In the overproduction phase, in which the fan injects a certain amount of incremental active power (denoted Δ P) into the systemfPositive values) and supports system frequencies. The time at which the overproduction phase ends is called the end time, i.e. the moment at which the fan exits the frequency modulation, denoted toffAt toffThe power variation of the fan is delta Poff(expressed as negative values). During a recovery phase, wherein the electromagnetic power output of the fan is minimized, it is ramped up along the MPPT curve to recover the rotor speed of the fan.
Synthesizing the sudden power change from beginning to end in the overproduction stage, the frequency response of the disturbed system has two lowest points, the first one is at t0Is derived from delta PdCaused by the fan at toffIs derived from delta PoffAnd (4) causing. Due to a larger Δ PfMeaning that the wind turbine may provide more support for system frequency recovery during operation. However, too large Δ PfWill also result in an excessive Δ PoffDuring rotor recovery (D-A), a more severe secondary drop in frequency may result. Similarly, too large toffA more severe secondary drop in frequency may also result. In summary, during the deceleration phase of the rotor, if Δ PfAnd toffAre too large, the rotor will experience a large imbalance power for a longer period of time, resulting in an excessive release of rotor kinetic energy. Therefore, in order to improve the overall frequency response of the system after disturbance, it is necessary to calculate the rotor kinetic energy control frequency modulation output Δ P of the fanfAnd exit time toffThe value of (a).
First of all, Δ P can be derivedoffAnd Δ PfThe relationship between:
ΔPoff=krefΔPf
wherein k isrefIs an approximation coefficient, expressed as:
Figure BDA0003127232970000071
wherein k ismpptIs the coefficient of the MPPT cubic curve, omega, of the fanr0The angular speed t of the fan rotor is normal operation before sudden load change0And toffRespectively, the time of sudden change of load disturbance (the moment of starting the control of the kinetic energy of the rotor) and the time of ending the overproduction process (the moment of exiting the control of the kinetic energy of the rotor).
Then, in a recovery phase toff<t<tendWhen (t)endTime for ending ramp response), the function of the power variation quantity with time at the stage when the electromagnetic power of the fan rises along the MPPT curve along the rising of the rotating speed omega can be approximately reduced to be a linear function delta Pr(t)=kr(t-toff)。
Wherein the slope k of the first order functionrExpressed as:
Figure BDA0003127232970000072
rotating speed omega at the moment when fan rotor exits frequency modulationoff
Figure BDA0003127232970000081
Fan electromagnetic power P at moment when rotor exits frequency modulationoff
Figure BDA0003127232970000082
Time t for ending ramp responseend
Figure BDA0003127232970000083
Pe0The normal electromagnetic power of the fan before disturbance occurs.
The power change Δ P of the system can be expressed as:
ΔP=(ΔPd+ΔPf)ε(t-t0)+ΔPoffε(t-toff)+ΔPr(t)[ε(t-toff)-ε(t-tend)]
the power change in the equation is defined as an increment of disturbance power, which is a positive value for the generated power increment and a negative value for the load power increment.
S3, respectively obtaining the frequency deviation delta f at the lowest frequency point of the overproduction stage and the recovery stage based on the system power change delta Pn1And Δ fn2(ii) a By Δ PfAnd toffTo make decisions on variables to minimize | Δ fn1|、|Δfn2The maximum value of the l and the L is taken as a target, and a decision variable is optimized;
in particular, the time (t) at the lowest point of the two frequenciesn1、tn2) The expression is as follows. According to the SFR model of the system, deriving h (t) to obtain the time t of the minimum frequency point of the overproduction stagen1
Figure BDA0003127232970000084
tn1<toff
Wherein t is0For the initial moment of the load disturbance, it can be seen that the minimum time t of the overproduction phase frequencyn1The method is related to internal parameters of the synchronous motor and is not related to the magnitude of load variation;
recovery phase frequency minimum time tn2The approximation is:
tn2=toff+tn1-t0
from the SFR model, the frequency deviation response Δ f (t) due to the power change Δ P of the system can be derived:
Δf(t)=Δf1(t)+Δf2(t)+Δf3(t)
wherein:
Figure BDA0003127232970000091
it can therefore be seen that the expression for the amount of frequency deviation at the two lowest points of frequency is as follows:
Δfn1=Δf(tn1)=Δf1(tn1)=(ΔPf+ΔPd)h(tn1-t0)
Δfn2=Δf(tn2)=Δf1(tn2)+Δf2(tn2)+Δf3(tn2)
=(ΔPf+ΔPd)h(tn2-t0)+(ΔPoff)h(tn2-toff)+krc(tn2-toff)
constraint conditions are as follows:
Figure BDA0003127232970000092
wherein Δ PmaxThe maximum value of the output power of the fan participating in the kinetic energy regulation of the rotor is equal to the maximum output power P of the fanmaxMinus electromagnetic power P in normal operatione0I.e. Δ Pmax=Pmax-Pe0。ωminFor the lower limit of the rotational speed of the rotor of the fan, if the rotational speed is reduced to the minimum rotational speed limit, the fan will exit the frequency modulation and rapidly reduce the output electric power to ensure that the rotor is not decelerated, in general, ω is not reducedmin=0.7pu.,ωmax=1.2pu.。
In order to minimize the system frequency deviation, the optimization objective function is set as follows:
f1=min{max(|Δfn1|,|Δfn2|)}
namely:
if Δ fn1|>|Δfn2If so, make | Δ fn1L is minimum;
if Δ fn1|<|Δfn2If so, make | Δ fn2And | is minimal.
S4, starting control of rotor kinetic energy at time t0Generated system external load disturbance Δ PdRotor kinetic energy control frequency modulation output delta PfAnd the energy storage frequency modulation power delta PBThe moment t of rotor kinetic energy control exitoffThe resulting power drop Δ PoffPower rise Δ P in recovery phaserLinearly superposing to obtain system power change delta P';
s5, respectively obtaining frequency deviations delta f ' and delta f ' at the lowest frequency points of the overproduction stage and the recovery stage based on the system power change delta P 'n2(ii) a By Δ Pf、toffAnd Δ PBAs a decision variable to minimize Δ PBTo target, constraint condition max (| Δ f'n1|,|Δf′n2|)≤ΔfnmaxOptimizing the decision variables, where Δ fnmaxIs the maximum allowable frequency deviation.
Specifically, if the energy storage power is Δ PBAt t ═ t0The time input, the frequency response produced is:
ΔfB(t)=(ΔPB)h(t-t0)ε(t-t0)
therefore, the frequency nadir boost:
Δf′n1=Δfn1+ΔfB=(ΔPf+ΔPd+ΔPB)h(tn1-t0)
Δf′n2=Δfn2+ΔfB=(ΔPf+ΔPd+ΔPB)h(tn2-t0)+ΔPoffh(tn2-toff)+krc(tn2-toff)
after the energy storage system is added, the frequency deviation of the system is required to be minimized, the energy storage loss is required to be reduced as much as possible, and in order to ensure the frequency modulation benefit of the wind energy storage system, the frequency constraint is increased:
fb-Δfmax≤f≤fb+Δfmax
namely, it is
max(|Δf′n1|,|Δf′n2|)≤Δfnmax
Wherein f isbAt a nominal frequency of 50Hz,. DELTA.fnmaxFor maximum allowable frequency deviation, 0.2Hz is typically used.
In combination with the aforementioned constraints, the overall system constraint is:
Figure BDA0003127232970000101
in order to minimize energy storage cost consumption, an optimization objective function is set as follows:
f=min{ΔPB}
therefore, the energy storage output is minimum on the premise of ensuring the basic benefit of frequency modulation.
The invention also provides an optimization device for energy storage to participate in the frequency modulation of the kinetic energy of the fan rotor, which comprises:
the monitoring and judging module is used for monitoring the system frequency and judging whether the deviation of the system frequency is smaller than a deviation threshold value, if so, the operation of the first optimizing module is executed; otherwise, executing the operation of the second optimization module;
a first optimization module for controlling the rotor kinetic energy at the starting time t0Generated system external load disturbance Δ PdControlling the frequency-modulated output delta P by the kinetic energy of the rotorfThe moment t of rotor kinetic energy control exitoffThe resulting power drop Δ PoffPower rise Δ P in recovery phaserLinearly superposing to obtain the power change delta P of the system; respectively obtaining the frequency deviation delta f at the lowest frequency point in the overproduction stage and the recovery stage based on the system power change delta Pn1And Δ fn2(ii) a By Δ PfAnd toffTo make decisions on variables to minimize | Δ fn1|、|Δfn2The maximum value of the l and the L is taken as a target, and a decision variable is optimized;
a second optimization module for controlling the rotor kinetic energy at the starting time t0Generated system external load disturbance Δ PdRotor kinetic energy control frequency modulation output delta PfAnd the energy storage frequency modulation power delta PBThe moment t of rotor kinetic energy control exitoffThe resulting power drop Δ PoffPower rise Δ P in recovery phaserLinear superposition to obtain system power variationConverting delta P'; obtaining frequency deviations delta f ' and delta f ' at the lowest frequency points of the overproduction stage and the recovery stage respectively based on the system power change delta P 'n2(ii) a By Δ Pf、toffAnd Δ PBAs a decision variable to minimize Δ PBTo target, constraint condition max (| Δ f'n1|,|Δf′n2|)≤ΔfnmaxOptimizing the decision variables, where Δ fnmaxIs the maximum allowable frequency deviation.
The division of each module in the device for optimizing the energy storage and the participation in the frequency modulation of the kinetic energy of the rotor of the wind turbine is only used for illustration, and in other embodiments, the device for optimizing the energy storage and the participation in the frequency modulation of the kinetic energy of the rotor of the wind turbine can be divided into different modules as required to complete all or part of the functions of the device.
Example (b):
the values of the various parameters of the system are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 System parameter Table
Figure BDA0003127232970000111
Figure BDA0003127232970000121
When the load variation is small, Δ P is setdThe fan and the traditional unit can meet the requirement of frequency modulation, the stored energy does not act, and the optimal output and the optimal exit time of controlling the frequency modulation by the kinetic energy of the fan rotor can be respectively delta P according to the control methodf=0.0871MW,toff=35.8923s。
As shown in FIG. 4, the system frequency response minimum fmin49.83Hz, maximum frequency deviation Δ fmax0.17Hz, if Δ PfA smaller or larger one will produce a larger frequency dip.
As shown in FIG. 5, the system frequency response minimum fmin49.83Hz, maximum frequency deviation Δ fmax=0.17Hz,toffSlightly smaller or larger are the sameA greater frequency dip will occur.
As shown in fig. 6, when the response condition of the fan electromagnetic power and the rotor rotation speed is observed when the rotor kinetic energy controls the frequency modulation, it can be seen that when the frequency modulation is started when t is 10s, in order to supplement the fan frequency modulation power, the rotor decelerates to release energy, after a period of time, the rotation speed starts to recover, at this moment, the fan electromagnetic power suddenly drops, the frequency drops for the second time, and then the MPPT curve recovers to a normal value after a period of time, thereby completing the frequency modulation.
When the load variation is small, Δ P is setd1MW, the frequency modulation demand can not be satisfied with traditional unit to the fan, observes the frequency response under the auxiliary frequency modulation is participated in to the energy storage.
As shown in fig. 7, when there is no energy storage, if the method according to the first case is used, the optimal output and the optimal exit time of the control frequency modulation of the kinetic energy of the wind turbine rotor can be obtained as Δ P respectivelyf=0.2033MW,toff35.7399 s. Thus, the simulation result shows the minimum value f of the frequency response of the systemmin49.62Hz, maximum frequency deviation Δ fmax=0.38Hz。
When energy is stored, if the method according to the second situation is adopted, the optimal output, the optimal exit moment and the minimum energy storage output of the kinetic energy control frequency modulation of the fan rotor can be obtained and are respectively delta Pf=0.1067MW,toff=35.8654s,ΔPB0.3825 MW. Thus, the simulation result shows the minimum frequency f of the system frequency responsemin49.79Hz, maximum frequency deviation Δ fmaxThe frequency modulation requirement of the system is met within the allowable error range as 0.21 Hz.
If the energy storage output is less than the optimum value (Δ P)B0.3825MW) assuming an output of apB' 0.3MW, according to the optimized control method, the optimal output, the optimal exit time and the minimum energy storage output of the kinetic energy control frequency modulation of the fan rotor can be respectively delta Pf=0.1467MW,toff35.8165 s. Thus, the simulation result shows that the minimum value of the frequency response of the system becomes fmin49.72Hz, maximum frequency deviation Δ fmax0.28Hz, indicating if the stored energy does not reach Δ PBAnd the system frequency modulation requirement cannot be met.
Within the allowable range of the error, the control method can be obtained to enable the energy storage output to be minimum and optimize the cost required by system frequency modulation on the premise that the frequency deviation of the system is limited within +/-0.2 Hz after the energy storage system participates in auxiliary frequency modulation.
In general terms:
the larger frequency modulation output or the longer frequency modulation time in the kinetic energy control of the rotor of the fan means that the fan can provide more support for the frequency recovery of the system during the operation, but the overlarge power drop can be caused when the frequency modulation is finished, and more serious secondary frequency drop can be caused in the process of the speed recovery of the rotor. In order to improve the overall frequency response of the system after disturbance, the invention provides a combined output optimization method considering rotor kinetic energy control frequency modulation and energy storage auxiliary frequency modulation, a frequency response optimization model is established based on the optimal output and the optimal exit time in rotor kinetic energy control, the energy storage is combined with the self frequency modulation of the fan, the energy storage system is used as an auxiliary device to participate in the part with insufficient fan frequency modulation output, the energy storage output cost is reduced and the system frequency modulation economy is improved on the premise that the frequency deviation is not more than the limit value.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.

Claims (6)

1. An optimization method for energy storage participation in kinetic energy frequency modulation of a fan rotor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, monitoring the system frequency, and executing S2-S3 when the deviation of the system frequency is smaller than a deviation threshold value; otherwise, executing S4-S5;
s2, starting control of rotor kinetic energy at time t0Generated system external load disturbance Δ PdControlling the frequency-modulated output delta P by the kinetic energy of the rotorfThe moment t of rotor kinetic energy control exitoffThe resulting power drop Δ PoffPower rise Δ P in recovery phaserLinearly superposing to obtain the power change delta P of the system;
the system power change Δ P is expressed as:
ΔP=(ΔPd+ΔPf)ε(t-t0)+ΔPoffε(t-toff)+ΔPr(t)[ε(t-toff)-ε(t-tend)]
Figure FDA0003511142560000011
ΔPoff=krefΔPf
ΔPr(t)=kr(t-toff)
wherein epsilon (t) is a unit step function expression, tendTo end the time of the ramp response, HsIs the system inertia time constant, fbFor nominal frequency, k, of the power systemrefTo approximate the coefficients, krIs the slope of a first order function;
Figure FDA0003511142560000012
kmpptis the coefficient of the MPPT cubic curve, omega, of the fanr0For the angular speed of the fan rotor, H, during normal operation before sudden changes in loadwIs the inertia time constant of the fan;
Figure FDA0003511142560000013
Figure FDA0003511142560000014
Figure FDA0003511142560000021
Pe0normal electromagnetic power of the fan before disturbance occurs; omega0Controlling the rotation speed of the rotor at the starting moment for the kinetic energy of the rotor;
s3, respectively obtaining the frequency deviation delta f at the lowest frequency point of the overproduction stage and the recovery stage based on the system power change delta Pn1And Δ fn2(ii) a By Δ PfAnd toffTo make decisions on variables to minimize | Δ fn1|、|Δfn2The maximum value of the l and the L is taken as a target, and a decision variable is optimized;
s4, starting control of rotor kinetic energy at time t0Generated system external load disturbance Δ PdRotor kinetic energy control frequency modulation output delta PfAnd the energy storage frequency modulation power delta PBThe moment t of rotor kinetic energy control exitoffThe resulting power drop Δ PoffPower rise Δ P in recovery phaserLinearly superposing to obtain system power change delta P';
s5, respectively obtaining frequency deviation delta f 'at the lowest frequency points of the overproduction stage and the recovery stage based on the system power change delta P'n1And Δ f'n2(ii) a By Δ Pf、toffAnd Δ PBAs a decision variable to minimize Δ PBTo target, constraint condition max (| Δ f'n1|,|Δf′n2|)≤ΔfnmaxOptimizing the decision variables, where Δ fnmaxIs the maximum allowable frequency deviation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in S3, according to the SFR model, the frequency deviation response Δ f (t) caused by the system power change Δ P is obtained as:
Δf(t)=Δf1(t)+Δf2(t)+Δf3(t)
Figure FDA0003511142560000022
frequency deviation Δ f at the lowest point of the frequencies in the overproduction phase and in the recovery phasen1And Δ fn2Comprises the following steps:
Δfn1=Δf(tn1)=Δf1(tn1)=(ΔPf+ΔPd)h(tn1-t0)
Δfn2=Δf(tn2)=Δf1(tn2)+Δf2(tn2)+Δf3(tn2)
=(ΔPf+ΔPd)h(tn2-t0)+(ΔPoff)h(tn2-toff)+krc(tn2-toff)
wherein h (t), c (t) are unit step response and unit slope response of frequency, respectively, tn1And tn2Respectively the minimum point time of the frequency of the overproduction stage and the recovery stage.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in S3, the optimization process needs to satisfy the constraint condition:
Figure FDA0003511142560000031
wherein, Δ PmaxThe maximum value of the output power of the fan participating in the rotor kinetic energy regulation, wherein omega is the rotating speed of the rotor of the fan, and omega is the rotating speed of the rotor of the fanminAnd ωmaxThe lower limit value and the upper limit value of the rotating speed of the fan rotor.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein in S5, the frequency deviation Δ f 'at the lowest point of the over-production phase and the recovery phase frequencies'n1And Δ f'n2Comprises the following steps:
Δf′n1=Δfn1+ΔfB=(ΔPf+ΔPd+ΔPB)h(tn1-t0)
Δf′n2=Δfn2+ΔfB=(ΔPf+ΔPd+ΔPB)h(tn2-t0)+ΔPoffh(tn2-toff)+krc(tn2-toff)
wherein, Δ fB(t) is Δ PBResulting in a frequency response of Δ fB(t)=(ΔPB)h(t-t0)ε(t-t0)。
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the step S5, the optimization process needs to satisfy the constraint condition:
Figure FDA0003511142560000032
wherein, Δ PmaxThe maximum value of the output power of the fan participating in the rotor kinetic energy regulation, wherein omega is the rotating speed of the rotor of the fan, and omega is the rotating speed of the rotor of the fanminAnd ωmaxThe lower limit value and the upper limit value of the rotating speed of the fan rotor.
6. The utility model provides an energy storage participates in optimizing device of fan rotor kinetic energy frequency modulation which characterized in that includes:
the monitoring and judging module is used for monitoring the system frequency and judging whether the deviation of the system frequency is smaller than a deviation threshold value, if so, the operation of the first optimizing module is executed; otherwise, executing the operation of the second optimization module;
a first optimization module for controlling the rotor kinetic energy at the starting time t0Generated system external load disturbance Δ PdControlling the frequency-modulated output delta P by the kinetic energy of the rotorfThe moment t of rotor kinetic energy control exitoffThe resulting power drop Δ PoffPower rise Δ P in recovery phaserLinearly superposing to obtain the power change delta P of the system; the system power change Δ P is expressed as:
ΔP=(ΔPd+ΔPf)ε(t-t0)+ΔPoffε(t-toff)+ΔPr(t)[ε(t-toff)-ε(t-tend)]
Figure FDA0003511142560000041
ΔPoff=krefΔPf
ΔPr(t)=kr(t-toff)
wherein epsilon (t) is a unit step function expression, tendTo end the time of the ramp response, HsIs the system inertia time constant, fbFor nominal frequency, k, of the power systemrefTo approximate the coefficients, krIs the slope of a first order function;
Figure FDA0003511142560000042
kmpptis the coefficient of the MPPT cubic curve, omega, of the fanr0For the angular speed of the fan rotor, H, during normal operation before sudden changes in loadwIs the inertia time constant of the fan;
Figure FDA0003511142560000043
Figure FDA0003511142560000044
Figure FDA0003511142560000045
Pe0normal electromagnetic power of the fan before disturbance occurs; omega0Controlling the rotation speed of the rotor at the starting moment for the kinetic energy of the rotor;
respectively obtaining the frequency deviation delta f at the lowest frequency point in the overproduction stage and the recovery stage based on the system power change delta Pn1And Δ fn2(ii) a By Δ PfAnd toffBecome a decisionAmount to minimize | Δ fn1|、|Δfn2The maximum value of the l and the L is taken as a target, and a decision variable is optimized;
a second optimization module for controlling the rotor kinetic energy at the starting time t0Generated system external load disturbance Δ PdRotor kinetic energy control frequency modulation output delta PfAnd the energy storage frequency modulation power delta PBThe moment t of rotor kinetic energy control exitoffThe resulting power drop Δ PoffPower rise Δ P in recovery phaserLinearly superposing to obtain system power change delta P'; respectively obtaining the frequency deviation delta f 'at the lowest frequency points of the over-production stage and the recovery stage on the basis of the system power change delta P'n1And Δ f'n2(ii) a By Δ Pf、toffAnd Δ PBAs a decision variable to minimize Δ PBTo target, constraint condition max (| Δ f'n1|,|Δf′n2|)≤ΔfnmaxOptimizing the decision variables, where Δ fnmaxIs the maximum allowable frequency deviation.
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