CN113325210B - Analog battery - Google Patents
Analog battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN113325210B CN113325210B CN202110763095.2A CN202110763095A CN113325210B CN 113325210 B CN113325210 B CN 113325210B CN 202110763095 A CN202110763095 A CN 202110763095A CN 113325210 B CN113325210 B CN 113325210B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/28—Provision in measuring instruments for reference values, e.g. standard voltage, standard waveform
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of simulated batteries, and aims to solve the technical problem that a single string of simulated batteries in the prior art cannot meet the actual requirements and the current adaptability. The intermediate voltage tap interface is arranged, the purpose of simulating a plurality of strings of real batteries is achieved, and the problem of poor current adaptability is solved.
Description
The invention is a divisional application of Chinese patent application named as 'simulated battery' with an application date of 2020, 12/month and 16/month and an application number of 202011486083.1.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of analog batteries, in particular to a multi-string analog battery.
Background
With the use of a large number of lithium batteries and polymer batteries in consumer electronics, testing of the electronic products with real batteries affects testing efficiency, and simulated batteries are often used to replace the real batteries, which can also be referred to as battery simulators. Fill portable power source product soon and need use the heavy current detection function, the bluetooth product then need use the undercurrent and detect the function. A plurality of strings of real batteries are connected in series to supply power for some products, and a single simulation battery is difficult to meet the product test requirement in the past, so that a great deal of inconvenience is brought to product research, development and debugging and production line production test. The existing simulation battery can not well adapt to the functions of large current detection and small current detection, and has high cost and poor adaptability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem that a single string of analog batteries cannot meet the actual requirements and the current adaptability in the prior art, the invention provides a multi-string analog battery which comprises a power output unit and a low-power analog battery unit and is provided with an intermediate voltage tap interface, so that the purpose of simulating a plurality of strings of real batteries is realized, and the problem of poor current adaptability is solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the simulation battery comprises a power output unit and a low-power simulation battery unit, the low-power simulation battery unit comprises a plurality of strings of low-power simulation batteries connected in series, the positive pole of each string of low-power simulation batteries is provided with an intermediate voltage tap, the negative pole of the power output unit is connected with the negative pole of the low-power simulation battery unit, and the output voltage of the power output unit is higher than that of the low-power simulation battery unit.
The low-power simulation battery unit further comprises a power output interface and a middle voltage tap interface, wherein the power output unit is connected with the power output interface, and a middle voltage tap of the low-power simulation battery unit is connected with the middle voltage tap interface.
Preferably, the power output unit comprises a first main control module, a first digital-to-analog conversion module, a voltage control module, a power output module, an output current amplification module, an output voltage amplification module and a current sampling module; the first main control module is respectively connected with the first digital-to-analog conversion module, the output current amplification module, the output voltage amplification module and the current sampling module, the voltage control module is respectively connected with the first digital-to-analog conversion module, the output current amplification module and the power output module, the output current amplification module is connected with the first digital-to-analog conversion module, the output voltage amplification module is respectively connected with the power output module, and the current sampling module is respectively connected with the power output module and the first main control module.
Preferably, the low-power analog battery unit comprises a second main control module, a second digital-to-analog conversion module, and at least one string of low-power analog batteries, wherein each low-power analog battery comprises an analog battery voltage control module, an analog battery constant current source control module and a current detection module; the second main control module is respectively connected with the simulated battery constant current source control module, the simulated battery voltage control module and the second digital-to-analog conversion module, the simulated battery voltage control module is respectively connected with the simulated battery constant current source control module, the current detection module and the second digital-to-analog conversion module, and the second digital-to-analog conversion module is connected with the current detection module.
Furthermore, the power output unit further comprises a voltage analog-to-digital conversion module and a current analog-to-digital conversion module, the voltage analog-to-digital conversion module is respectively connected with the first main control module and the output voltage amplification module, and the current analog-to-digital conversion module is respectively connected with the first main control module and the current sampling module.
Furthermore, the power output unit further comprises an output protection module, the output protection module is arranged between the power output module and the power output interface, and the output protection module is respectively connected with the first main control module, the power output module and the power output interface.
Furthermore, the power output unit further comprises a current gear switching module, the current gear switching module is arranged between the power output module and the power output interface, and the output protection module is respectively connected with the first main control module, the power output module and the power output interface.
Further, the current gear switching module of the power output unit comprises a gear switching path and a milliampere gear switching path, and is used for automatically switching current gears according to the magnitude of current.
Preferably, the low-power analog battery further comprises a current gear protection module, and the current gear protection module is respectively connected with the second main control module and the analog battery voltage control module.
Further, the number of the low-power analog batteries is three.
The beneficial effects brought by the implementation of the invention are as follows: the power output unit can output a high-power supply and is suitable for large-current detection; the low-power analog battery unit can output a low-power supply and is suitable for low-current detection; compared with the prior art, the combined implementation mode can well adapt to the functions of large current detection and small current detection, achieves the purpose of simulating a plurality of strings of real batteries, solves the problem of poor current adaptability, and has strong adaptability and low cost. The device has the function of automatically switching current gears, when the small current of a product is detected, the device is automatically switched to a milliampere gear, the high precision and the high resolution can reach 1mV/1uA, and the high resolution can detect the standby current and the standby power consumption of the product.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of four strings of analog batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a control block diagram of a power output unit of four strings of analog batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an input voltage branch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a power conversion secondary branch provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a reference voltage branch provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a first digital-to-analog conversion module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a combination of a plurality of circuit modules according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a system diagram of a low power analog battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a low power analog battery cell power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a second digital-to-analog conversion module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a low power analog cell power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a series connection of low-power analog batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: a power frequency transformer 1; an intermediate voltage tap interface 2; a power panel 3; a power output interface 4; a control panel 5; a first master control module 15; a first digital-to-analog conversion module 20; a voltage control module 21; an output voltage amplification module 22; an output current amplification module 23; a power output module 24; an output protection module 25; a current gear switching module 26; a current sampling module 27; a voltage analog-to-digital conversion module 28; a current analog-to-digital conversion module 29; an analog battery voltage control module 31; an analog battery constant current source control module 32; a gear A protection circuit 33; uA gear protection circuit 34; a current detection module 35; a second master control module 41; a second digital-to-analog conversion module 42; and a current gear protection module 43.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in other sequences than those illustrated or described herein. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a system block diagram of four strings of analog batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention, including a power supply unit, a power output unit, a low-power analog battery unit, and a control panel 5, where the power supply unit includes a power frequency transformer 1 and a power board 3.
The power frequency transformer reduces the voltage of AC 220V into low-voltage alternating current, and the power panel 3 rectifies and filters the low-voltage alternating current into direct current to supply power to the control panel 5, the power output unit and the low-power analog battery unit.
The low-power simulation battery unit is formed by connecting 3 independent low-power simulation batteries in series, namely a first string of simulation batteries, a second string of simulation batteries and a third string of simulation batteries, and simulates the middle tap voltage of 4 strings of batteries; 3 paths of independent low-power analog batteries, voltage can be independently set for each string of low-power analog batteries through the control panel 5, and the voltage is independently calibrated; the power output unit and the low-power simulation battery unit are both provided with fans, and the power module is cooled through air convection, so that the stable work of the module is guaranteed; the fan is started when the average power in the 3 paths of total power is more than 3W within 30s, and the fan is closed when the average power is less than 3W for 1 minute; the control panel 5 is used for displaying information such as voltage, current and power, and can control the output voltage of the whole machine through the operation of the LCD touch screen.
It can be seen that the four strings of analog batteries provided by the embodiment of the invention adopt the power output unit and the low-power analog battery unit, the power output unit can output a high-power supply, and the four strings of analog batteries are suitable for high-current detection; the low-power analog battery unit can output a low-power supply and is suitable for low-current detection; the output voltage VOut + of the power output unit is higher than the voltage of the low-power analog battery unit, the voltage difference between the power output unit and the third string of analog batteries forms a virtual fourth string of analog batteries, the cathode of the power output unit is connected with the cathode of the first string of analog batteries, the anode of the first string of analog batteries is connected with the cathode of the second string of analog batteries, the anode of the second string of analog batteries is connected with the cathode of the third string of analog batteries, the anodes of the first string of analog batteries, the anodes of the second string of analog batteries and the anodes of the third string of analog batteries respectively output voltages VOut1+, VOut2+ and VOut3+, the three strings of analog batteries are connected in series, and an intermediate voltage tap is respectively arranged between two adjacent strings of analog batteries. With reference to fig. 2 and 8, the output interface includes a power output interface 4 and an intermediate voltage tap interface 2, the power output unit is connected to the power output interface 4, and the intermediate voltage tap is connected to the intermediate voltage tap interface 2; compared with the prior art, the combined implementation mode can well adapt to the functions of large current detection and small current detection, and has strong adaptability and low cost.
The four strings of analog batteries provided by the embodiment of the invention adopt the industrial frequency transformer as a primary power supply instead of a common switching power supply, and the linear direct-current power supply generated by rectifying, filtering and voltage-stabilizing has the beneficial effects of high stability, low noise, low drift and strong loading strength.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a control block diagram of a power output unit of four strings of analog batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes a first main control module 15, a first digital-to-analog conversion module 20, a voltage control module 21, a power output module 24, a current sampling module 27, an output current amplification module 23, an output voltage amplification module 22, and a power output interface 4.
The first main control module 15 is connected to the first digital-to-analog conversion module 20, the current sampling module 27, the output current amplifying module 23, and the output voltage amplifying module 22, respectively.
The first main control module 15 is used for system control of the power output unit, and the first digital-to-analog conversion module 20 is used for converting a digital data signal of the first main control module 15 into an analog signal and generating a reference voltage;
the first digital-to-analog conversion module 20 is connected to the voltage control module 21, and is configured to set a VSet control voltage of the voltage control module 21;
the voltage control module 21 is connected with the power output module 24 and is used for setting the output voltage of the power output unit;
the output current amplifying module 23 is connected with the power output module 24 and used for collecting output current; the output current amplification module 23 is further connected with the voltage control module 21, and is configured to obtain a voltage VOutClt at the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier in the voltage control module 21;
the output current amplifying module 23 is connected to the first digital-to-analog conversion module 20, and is configured to obtain an ISet control current of the first digital-to-analog conversion module 20;
the output current amplifying module 23 is connected with the first main control module 15, and is configured to feed back the output current to the first main control module 15;
the output voltage amplifying module 22 is respectively connected with the power output module 24 and the first main control module 15, and the output voltage amplifying module 22 is used for obtaining the output voltage of the power output module 24 and feeding the output voltage back to the first main control module 15;
the current sampling module 27 is respectively connected with the power output module 24 and the first main control module 15, and the current sampling module 27 samples the current of the power output module 24 and feeds the current back to the first main control module 15;
further, in order to improve the resolution ratio, a high-precision voltage value is obtained, and is used for a display screen to display a high-precision numerical value, the voltage analog-to-digital conversion module 28 is further included, the voltage analog-to-digital conversion module 28 is respectively connected with the output voltage amplification module 22 and the first main control module 15, and the voltage analog-to-digital conversion module 28 converts an analog quantity into a digital quantity through high-resolution sampling and feeds the digital quantity back to the first main control module 15. Although the same output voltage feedback is used, the difference from the output voltage amplifying module 22 is that the output voltage amplifying module 22 sends an analog signal to the first main control module 15, which is fast in speed and timely in response, so that the first main control module 15 can process the analog signal quickly, but the first main control module 15 cannot process the analog signal into high-precision data, and the voltage analog-to-digital conversion module 28 has a very high resolution, and directly sends the digital signal to the first main control module 15 after processing, and finally displays a digital high-precision voltage value through a display screen, and the high precision and the high resolution can reach 1mV, so that the voltage analog-to-digital conversion module has a very important reference function for testers.
Furthermore, in order to improve the resolution, obtain the high accuracy current value for the display screen shows high accuracy numerical value, still include current analog-to-digital conversion module 29, current analog-to-digital conversion module 29 is connected with current sampling module 27, first host system 15 respectively, and current analog-to-digital conversion module 29 is through the high resolution sampling, converts the analog quantity into the digital quantity, feeds back to first host system 15, can the accurate stand-by current and the stand-by power consumption who tests the product under test. The current sampling module 27 sends analog signals, so that the speed is high, the response is timely, the first main control module 15 can process the analog signals quickly, but the first main control module 15 cannot process the analog signals into high-precision data, the current analog-to-digital conversion module 29 has high resolution, the processed analog signals are directly sent to the first main control module 15, and finally, the high-precision current values can be displayed through the display screen.
Further, in order to provide output protection and prevent the power output module 24 from being damaged by large current and other conditions, an output protection module 25 is further provided, the output protection module 25 is respectively connected with the power output module 24, the first main control module 15 and the power output interface 4, and the output protection module 25 is controlled by the first main control module 15 to realize the connection and disconnection between the power output module 24 and the power output interface 4;
further, in order to adapt to the functions of large current detection and small current detection, the power output module further comprises a current gear switching module 26, the current gear switching module 26 is respectively connected with the power output module 24, the first main control module 15 and the power output interface 4, and the current gear switching module 26 is controlled by the first main control module 15 to realize the switching of current gears between the power output module 24 and the power output interface 4;
further, in order to communicate with an external device, the system also comprises an RS485 communication module 12, wherein the RS485 communication module 12 is connected with the first main control module 15, and the external device can communicate with the first main control module 15 through a DB9 communication interface;
further, in order to start the fan to blow air and reduce the temperature when the temperature reaches a threshold value, a fan control module 13 is further arranged, and the fan control module 13 is connected with a first main control module 15, so that the fan can be started or closed;
furthermore, in order to adjust the output parameters through manual rotation, the device further comprises an encoder control module 14, the encoder control module 14 is connected with the first main control module 15, and the adjustment of the output voltage and other parameters can be realized through a voltage adjusting knob installed on the encoder.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is an input voltage branch block diagram provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the power board outputs multiple voltages, the power board is connected to an input power socket, and is configured to provide working voltages for the modules of the power output unit, in the embodiment of the present invention, the input power socket outputs multiple voltages, wherein a +12V power is distributed to the fan control module 13, the voltage control module 21, the output voltage amplification module 22, the first digital-to-analog conversion module 20, the output current amplification module 23, and the power conversion module 16, a +5V power is distributed to the power conversion module 16, the current analog-to-digital conversion module 29, the current sampling module 27, the current gear switching module 26, and the output current amplification module 23, a-5V source voltage is distributed to the voltage control module 21, the output voltage amplification module 22, the first digital-to-analog conversion module 20, and the output current amplification module 23, a V + h power is distributed to the voltage control module 21, a V + p power is distributed to the power output module 24, and the power output module 24 outputs a VO +1 power to the input power socket.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a block diagram of a power conversion two-stage branch according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a power conversion module 16 steps down input +12V and +5V voltages, the stepped-down 3.3V power is distributed to an RS485 communication module, a first main control module 15, an encoder control module 14, a voltage analog-to-digital conversion module 28, and a first digital-to-analog conversion module 20, and the stepped-down VSW +1 and VSW-1 power are distributed to an output protection module 25.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a reference voltage branch block diagram provided by the embodiment of the invention, the first digital-to-analog conversion module 20 provides Ref and 1/2Ref reference voltages in addition to digital-to-analog conversion, wherein Ref is distributed to the first main control module 15, the fan control module 13, the output current amplification module 23 and the voltage analog-to-digital conversion module 28, and 1/2Ref is distributed to the current sampling module 27.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a first digital-to-analog conversion module according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the first digital-to-analog conversion module 20 is connected to the first main control module 15 through an SPI bus, the first main control module 15 outputs a preset voltage VSet, a preset current ISet and a reference voltage Ref through the first digital-to-analog conversion module 20, and the reference voltage Ref outputs a half of the reference voltage 1/2Ref through the operational amplifier U13.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a combination of a plurality of circuit modules according to an embodiment of the present invention, specifically illustrating a connection relationship and an operation principle between the main modules. The VOut + output voltage in fig. 1 refers to the output voltage of the power output module 24 in fig. 7, including VO +1 and VO +2, and only the VO +1 and VO +2 are used to distinguish the front and rear voltages of the output protection module 25 when passing through the output protection module 25.
The voltage control module 21 comprises an operational amplifier U3 and a power amplifier U2, a VSet is connected with a non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U3 through a resistor R11, when the VSet is increased, an output end of the U3 is increased and is output to a non-inverting output end of the U2, an output end of the U2 outputs a control power output module 24, and the power output module 24 comprises a first group of power tubes and a second group of power tubes, wherein the first group of power tubes comprise a plurality of NPN type triple diffusion silicon transistors, and comprise triodes Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5, and the four are connected in parallel; the second group of power tubes consists of a plurality of PNP type high-power triodes, and comprises Q8, Q9, Q10 and Q11 which are connected in parallel; when the diode D1 outputs a high level, the triodes Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5 are turned on, the V + P power falls on the VO +1 line, and the power output module 24 discharges to the outside.
The first group of power tubes and the second group of power tubes are connected in parallel through a plurality of power type triodes for current sharing, and high stability of outputting large current is achieved.
The constant current source control circuit is provided with an NPN triode Q14 and an NMOS tube Q12, the collector of the NPN triode Q14 is connected with the grid of the NMOS tube Q12, the ground resistor R36 is grounded, the base of the NPN triode Q14 is connected with the source of the NMOS tube Q12, the emitter of the NPN triode Q14 is connected with a negative power supply-V, resistors R41 and R42 are connected in parallel between the emitter of the NPN triode Q14 and the base of the NPN triode Q14, and the drain of the NMOS tube Q12 is connected with the base of the second group of power tubes.
The grid electrode of the NMOS tube Q12 is connected with the ground through a resistor R36, the source electrode of the NMOS tube Q12 is connected with a negative voltage-V through a resistor R42, when the grid electrode voltage of the Q12 reaches a starting voltage, the Q12 is conducted, a base electrode voltage is provided for the Q14 in a loop, when the current reaches a certain degree to enable the base electrode voltage of the Q14 to rise to be enough to enable the Q14 to be conducted, the grid electrode potential of the Q12 is pulled down, and therefore the current flowing through the Q12 is reduced. By properly selecting the resistors R41, R42 and R36, the circuit will eventually reach a dynamic balance such that the current through Q12 is substantially constant.
The drain electrode of the NMOS tube Q12 is further connected with the cathode of the diode D3, the anode of the diode D3 is connected with the cathode of the diode D1, the anode of the diode D1 is connected with the voltage control module (21), and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the base electrode of the first group of power tubes. The emitter of NPN transistor Q14 is connected to ground through capacitor C65.
The emitter of the first group of power tubes is connected with the emitter of the second group of power tubes, the collector of the first group of power tubes is connected with a power supply V + P, the collector of the second group of power tubes is connected with the ground, and the connection node of the emitter of the first group of power tubes and the emitter of the second group of power tubes is the output line of the power output module. And power resistors for preventing surge pulse and resisting impact are connected between the emitting electrodes of the first group of power tubes and the emitting electrodes of the second group of power tubes and the output line. Resistors R13, R14 and R15 are connected between the base of the first group of power tubes and the output line of the power output module. When the diode D1 outputs a low level, the triodes Q2, Q3, Q4, and Q5 are turned off, at this time, the output end of the diode D3 is at a low level, the external device loads a voltage to the power output module 24, so that the transistors Q8, Q9, Q10, and Q11 are in a conducting state, and the power output module 24 is in a charged state.
It can be seen that the power output unit provided by the embodiment of the invention has the charge and discharge functions, is automatically detected, and realizes quick and automatic charge and discharge switching. The power output module has large output power and stable output.
The resistors R21 and R26 form a voltage divider circuit, the output voltage of the power output module 24 is fed back to the inverted output terminal of U2, and when the output voltage is too high, U2 obtains negative feedback, so that U2 reduces the output voltage, and the output voltage maintains dynamic balance.
The output end of the power output module 24 is connected with an output protection module 25, which includes an optocoupler PC1, NMOS transistors Q6 and Q7, the optocoupler includes a light emitting end and a light sensing end, the light emitting end is a light emitting diode, the light sensing end is a phototransistor, the 1 st end in the PC1 is an anode of the light emitting diode, the 3 rd end is a cathode of the light emitting diode, the 6 th end is a collector of the phototransistor, the 5 th end is an emitter of the phototransistor, the 6 th end Vcc and the 4 th end Gnd of the PC1 are respectively connected with VSW +1 and VSW-1 output by the isolation module M1, the 1 st end of the PC1 is connected with the 13 th end of the first main control module 15 through a resistor R4, the first main control module 15 is used for controlling the PC1, when the first main control module 15 detects that the output current is greater than a predetermined threshold, the output level state of the OutOn end of the first main control module 15 can control the turn-off of the NMOS transistors Q6 and Q7 through the PC 1.
Further, in order to reduce power supply ripple, a filter capacitor C4 is connected between the 6 th terminal Vcc and the 4 th terminal Gnd of the PC 1.
The grid G of the NMOS tubes Q6 and Q7 is connected with the 5 th end of the PC1, and when the 5 th end of the PC1 is in a low level, the NMOS tubes Q6 and Q7 are not conducted; when the 5 th terminal of the PC1 is at a high level, the NMOS transistors Q6 and Q7 are turned on.
Specifically, the source S of Q6 and the source S of Q7 are connected to the 4 th terminal of PC1, a resistor R12 is connected between the gate G and the source S of Q6, the drain D of Q6 is connected to the output terminal of the power output module 24, and the drain D of Q7 is connected to the power output interface 4.
Furthermore, in order to improve the loading capacity, power type NMOS transistors are selected for the NMOS transistors Q6 and Q7.
A negative electrode output end of the power output module 24 is connected with a current gear switching module 26 which comprises a safety gear switching path and a milliampere gear switching path;
the safety gear switching path comprises a resistor R37, a triode Q13 and an NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube Q15, a +5V power supply is respectively connected with one end of the resistor R37 and a collector of the triode Q13, a safety gear control end of a first main control module 15 is respectively connected with the other end of the resistor R37, a grid electrode of the NMOS tube Q15 is respectively connected with an emitting electrode of the triode Q13, a source electrode S of the NMOS tube Q15 is connected with a negative electrode output end of a power output module 24, and a drain electrode D of the NMOS tube Q15 is connected with the power output interface 4.
Further, in order to prevent the emitter from being broken down by a high voltage, a reverse diode D5 is connected in parallel to the base and the emitter of the transistor Q13 to prevent a high voltage in the reverse direction from being applied to the emitter, thereby forming a protection clamp.
The milliampere gear switching path comprises a resistor R49, a triode Q16 and an NMOS tube Q17, a +5V power supply is respectively connected with one end of the resistor R49 and a collector of the triode Q16, a milliampere gear control end of the first main control module 15 is respectively connected with the other end of the resistor R49, a grid electrode of the NMOS tube Q16 is respectively connected with an emitter of the triode Q16, a source electrode S of the NMOS tube Q16 is connected with a negative electrode output end of the power output module 24 through diodes D6 and D8 and a capacitor C27, wherein the diodes D6 and D8 are reversely connected in parallel and then connected in parallel with the capacitor C27, and a drain electrode D of the NMOS tube Q16 is connected with the power output interface 4.
Further, in order to prevent the emitter from being broken down at a high voltage, a reverse diode D9 is connected in parallel to the base and the emitter of the transistor Q16 to prevent a high voltage in a reverse direction from being applied to the emitter, thereby forming a protection clamp.
A current detection resistor R43 is arranged between the safety gear access point and the milliampere gear access point, the current detection resistor R43 is a four-wire precision detection resistor, the 1 st end of the current detection resistor R43 is connected with the cathode of the diode D6, and the 2 nd end of the current detection resistor R43 is connected with the source S of the NMOS tube Q15.
The safety gear switching path and the milliampere gear switching path are controlled by the first main control module 15, when the end A of the safety gear is at a high level, the triode Q13 is conducted, the NMOS tube Q15 is conducted, the safety gear is in a path state, the milliampere gear switching path is the same, but the safety gear switching path and the milliampere gear switching path are not simultaneously designed, and one of the safety gear switching path and the milliampere gear switching path is selected as the path.
It can be seen that the current can be automatically detected, and the instrument is automatically switched to the milliampere gear when the small current of the product is detected.
The current sampling module 27 is connected with the current detection resistor R43, specifically, the current sampling module 27 comprises two current sense amplifiers U10 and U11, the 4 th end and the 6 th end of U10 are respectively connected with the 6 th end and the 4 th end of U11, the 4 th end of U10 is connected with the 1 st end of R43 through resistors R64 and R59 which are connected in series, the 6 th end of U10 is connected with the 2 nd end of R43 through resistors R60 and R54 which are connected in series,
current sense amplifiers U10 and U11 are connected with first host module 15 through resistance R66, R67 respectively, and the 3 rd end of current sense amplifier U10 and U11 is connected with +5V power, and is ground connection through filter capacitor C68, C69 respectively, is connected with filter capacitor C39 between the 3 rd end and the 5 th end of current sense amplifier U10 and U11, and the 3 rd end of current sense amplifier U10 and U11 is connected with 1/2Ref reference voltage.
According to ohm's law, when the current to be measured flows through the resistor, the voltage across the resistor is in direct proportion to the current, and by connecting the two ends of the current detection resistor R43, the current sense amplifiers U10 and U11 can obtain the voltage across the current detection resistor R43 from the positive and negative directions, and then amplify the detected voltage and feed the amplified voltage back to the first main control module 15.
The output current amplification module 23 is connected with the current detection resistor R43, the output current amplification module 23 comprises a dual-channel operational amplifier U8A and an operational amplifier U7, the non-inverting input end and the inverting input end of the U8A are respectively connected to the 1 st end and the 2 nd end of the current detection resistor R43 through resistors R55 and R61, and the output end of the U8A is connected with the inverting input end of the U7.
U7 compares preset current ISet with actual current, and when actual current was greater than preset current ISet, U7 output low level, because U2's homophase input end passes through resistance R48, diode D7 and U7's output and is connected, can pull down U2's input end voltage simultaneously this moment, under U2's control, makes power output module 24 output voltage reduce, and then reduces output current.
Output voltage VO +2 is connected with the non inverting input end of the operational amplifier U5, and CN3 represents a far-end sampling interface and is used for solving the problem of large-current voltage drop. In a general power supply, voltage sampling is performed at an output terminal of the power supply, and although the voltage at the output terminal can be ensured to be stable, a connection line from the output terminal to a load causes voltage drop, so that the voltage actually obtained by the load is lower than the voltage at the output terminal of the power supply and is influenced by the current. The voltage drop is avoided by providing a remote sampling interface which is connected directly to the load by a separate wire, so that the power supply senses the actual voltage across the load. When the far-end sampling circuit finds that the voltage is too low, the output voltage of the operational amplifier U5 is reduced, so that the output of the operational amplifier U3 is increased, the output of the operational amplifier U2 is increased, the overall output voltage is increased, and the problem of too low voltage of a load end is solved.
When the first main control module 15 generates a high level through OutOn, the PC2A is controlled to emit light, the PC2B is turned on after being sensed by light, the resistor R38 is shorted out, the PC2 is connected in parallel with the resistor R35, the PC2 is connected with the resistor R35, the resistor R33 is a sampling resistor, VO +1 is input to the non-inverting input terminal of the U5 through the resistor R35, VO-is input to the inverting input terminal of the U5 through the resistor R29, the resistor R35 and the resistor R29 are current-limiting protection resistors for protecting the differential amplifier U5, the output terminal of the U5 is connected with the inverting input terminal of the U3 through a voltage dividing circuit composed of the resistor R31 and the resistor R34, the U5 amplifies the output voltage and then compares the amplified output voltage with the preset voltage VSet, when the output voltage is greater than the preset voltage VSet, the output of the U3 becomes low, so as to control the output of the U2 to reduce the output voltage, and maintain the stable output of the voltage. The output end of the U5 is also connected with a voltage division circuit consisting of R45, R47, R50 and R52, voltage division of two ends of the R47 is fed back to the first main control module 15 through resistors R46 and R51, and the output ends of the resistors R46 and R51 are also connected with a filter capacitor C19.
Further, in order to obtain a high-precision voltage value for displaying a high-precision numerical value on a display screen, the voltage analog-to-digital conversion module 28 is connected with the R50 through ADOut + and ADOut-, voltage division at two ends of the R50 is input to the voltage analog-to-digital conversion module 28, and then the voltage is fed back to the first main control module 15 by the U12 in the voltage analog-to-digital conversion module 28.
Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a system block diagram of a low-power analog battery unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the low-power analog battery includes a first string of analog batteries, a second string of analog batteries, and a third string of analog batteries, and the three strings of analog batteries have substantially the same principle and circuit structure, and are different in that the negative electrode of the first string of analog batteries is grounded, and the positive electrodes of the three strings of analog batteries respectively output VOut1+, VOut2+, and VOut3+ to an intermediate voltage tap interface 2; taking the first string of analog batteries as an example, the first string of analog batteries includes a second main control module 41, a second digital-to-analog conversion module 42, an analog battery voltage control module 31, an analog battery constant current source control module 32, and a current detection module 35;
further, for the purpose of current output protection, a current level protection module 43 is further provided, and with reference to fig. 11, the current level protection module 43 includes an a level protection circuit 33 and a uA level protection circuit 34.
Referring to fig. 9, fig. 9 is a power supply block diagram of a low-power analog battery unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a plurality of groups of ac voltages output by a low-voltage ac output interface of the power supply board are respectively converted into dc voltages by independent rectifier and filter modules, and then further stabilized by independent voltage reduction modules, and the voltage reduction modules provide voltages required by the operation of first to third strings of analog batteries. Referring to FIG. 12, vin1+ and Vin 1-power are provided to the first string of analog batteries, vin2+ and Vin 2-power are provided to the first string of analog batteries, and Vin3+ and Vin 3-power are provided to the first string of analog batteries. The voltage required by the low-power analog battery is provided by the linear power supply, so that clutter interference can be reduced, and the performance is more reliable.
Referring to fig. 10, fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a second digital-to-analog conversion module according to an embodiment of the present invention, the second digital-to-analog conversion module 42 is connected to a second main control module 41 through an SPI bus, and is similar to the principle of the first digital-to-analog conversion module, except that a low-power analog battery is composed of a plurality of strings, and therefore needs a plurality of preset voltages, in this embodiment, three low-power analog batteries are composed of three sets of preset three voltages, and each analog-to-digital conversion chip outputs at most two preset voltages, and therefore includes two analog-to-digital conversion chips U31 and U32, the two analog-to-digital conversion chips U31 and U32 are connected to the second main control module 41 through the SPI bus, the second main control module 41 is connected to output VSet1, VSet2, VSet3, and a reference voltage Ref through U31 and U32, and the reference voltage Ref is output through an operational amplifier U33 and is connected to each string of analog batteries.
It can be seen that each string of analog cells is independently adjustable in voltage.
Referring to fig. 11, fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a low-power analog battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, which takes a first string of analog batteries as an example, and includes an analog battery voltage control module 31, an analog battery constant current source control module 32, an a-gear protection circuit 33, an uA-gear protection circuit 34, and a current detection module 35.
Specifically, the analog battery voltage control module 31 includes operational amplifiers U43 and U44, a non-inverting input terminal of U44 is connected to the preset voltage VSet1, an inverting input terminal of U44 is connected to the output terminal of U43 through a resistor R161, an output terminal of U44 is connected to the gate G of the NMOS transistor Q111 through a resistor R331, and the drain D of the NMOS transistor is connected to Vin1+. A proportional integral network composed of C471 and R151 is added between the output end and the inverting end of U44, the proportional part can respond to the control action quickly, the integral part eliminates the steady state deviation finally, and the effect is that the transfer function of U44 can be improved, so that the system is more stable.
VSet1 controls the output state of U44, and when U44 outputs a high level, Q111 is turned on and the third string of analog batteries supplies power to the load.
It can be seen that, as with VSet1, VSet2 and VSet3 can independently set the calibration voltage for each string of low-power analog cells.
The analog battery constant current source control module 32 comprises an operational amplifier U45 and a U46, the output end of the U46 is connected with the grid electrode of the NMOS tube Q121 through a resistor R171, and Vin 1-is connected with the source electrode S and VOut 1-of the NMOS tube Q121 through a sampling resistor R831; the in-phase output end of the operational amplifier U45 is equivalently connected with VOut1+ through the resistor R431, the output end of the U45 is connected with the in-phase input end of the U43 through the resistor R241, when the external input voltage is higher than the output voltage of the first string of analog batteries, the sampled input voltage is isolated and amplified through the U45 serving as a voltage follower, the U43 outputs a high level, the U44 outputs a low level, and the Q111 is turned off. When an external power source charges the first string of analog batteries, the charging current may be consumed through Q121.
In the embodiment, the voltage regulation range is 0-5V, the voltage stability is within 2mV, and the output current reaches 10A.
Fig. 12 shows the series connection relationship of three strings of analog batteries, the negative electrode of the first string of analog batteries is grounded, the positive electrode of the first string of analog batteries is connected with the negative electrode of the second string of analog batteries, the positive electrode of the second string of analog batteries is connected with the negative electrode of the third string of analog batteries, and R831, R832 and R833 are constant current source sampling resistors of the first string of analog batteries, the second string of analog batteries and the third string of analog batteries, respectively.
Therefore, each string of analog batteries provided by the embodiment of the invention has the charge and discharge functions, and can automatically detect and realize the quick and automatic charge and discharge switching.
The VOut1+ line is connected with a 0 ohm resistor R391 and a 10 ohm resistor R222 in series.
The current detection module 35 comprises an inductance sensitive amplifier U47, the 4 th end of the U47 is connected with the Vin1+ output through an electric R322, the 4 th end of the U47 is connected with the 1 st end of a resistor R391 through the electric R322, the 5 th end of the U47 is connected with the 2 nd end of a resistor R222 through an electric R181, and the U47 is used for collecting the positive or reverse current flowing through the resistor R222, amplifying the positive or reverse current and feeding the current back to the second main control module 41.
The A-gear protection circuit 33 comprises triodes Q21 and Q51, NMOS transistors Q122 and Q31, a resistor R122 and an optocoupler PC11, wherein a source electrode of the Q31 is respectively connected with a source electrode of the Q122, a collector electrode of the Q51 and a 2 nd end of the resistor R122, a drain electrode of the Q31 is connected with VOut1+, a grid electrode of the Q31 is respectively connected with an emitter electrode of the Q21, an emitter electrode of the Q51 and a grid electrode of the Q122, a drain electrode of the Q122 is connected with a 1 st end of the resistor R222, a light sensing end of the optocoupler PC11 is connected between the collector electrode and a base electrode of the Q21 in parallel, a base electrode of the Q21 is connected with a base electrode of the Q51 and the 1 st end of the resistor R122, a collector electrode of the Q21 is connected with a power supply Vin1, and a light emitting end of the master optocoupler PC11 is connected with an mOn 1 end of the second module 41 through a resistor R891. When the mAOn1 end is in high level, Q21 is conducted, Q51 is cut off, and Q122 and Q31 are conducted; when mAOn1 is low, Q21 is turned off, Q51 is turned on, and Q122 and Q31 are turned off. The protection function of the A gear is realized.
The uA gear protection circuit 34 comprises optocouplers PC21, PC31 and NMOS transistors Q41 and Q61, wherein the sources of Q41 are respectively connected with the source of Q61 and the 2 nd end of a resistor R188, the drain of Q41 is connected with the 2 nd end of R222, the grid of Q41 is respectively connected with the grid of Q61 and the light sensing ends of PC21 and PC31, the light sensing end of P21 is connected with a power supply Vin1, the light sensing end of P31 is connected with the 1 st end of the resistor R188, the light emitting ends of PC21 and PC31 are connected in series, the cathode of the light emitting end of PC21 is connected with the anode of the light emitting end of PC31 through resistors R751 and R761, and a control node uAOn1 between the resistors R751 and R761 is connected with the second main control module 41. The cathodes of the light emitting terminals of PC11 and PC31 are grounded, and the anode of the light emitting terminal of PC21 is connected with a 3.3V power supply. When the second main control module 41 can control whether the light emitting end of the PC21 or the PC31 emits light, the phototriode corresponding to the light sensing end is turned on or off, and finally, the Q41 and the Q61 are turned on or off, so as to realize the uA grade protection function.
The four-string analog battery provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a power output unit and a low-power analog battery unit, wherein the output interface comprises a power output interface 4 and a middle voltage tap interface 2, the power output unit is connected with the power output interface 4, and the low-power analog battery unit is connected with the middle voltage tap interface 2. The output voltage of the power output unit is higher than the voltage of the low-power analog battery unit, the voltage difference between the power output unit and the third string of analog batteries forms a virtual fourth string of analog batteries, the negative electrode of the power output unit is connected with the negative electrode of the first string of analog batteries, the positive electrode of the first string of analog batteries is connected with the negative electrode of the second string of analog batteries, the positive electrode of the second string of analog batteries is connected with the negative electrode of the third string of analog batteries, and the three strings of analog batteries respectively form middle tap voltages VOut1+, VOut2+ and VOut3+.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the power output unit can output a high-power supply and is suitable for large-current detection; the low-power analog battery unit can output a low-power supply and is suitable for low-current detection; compared with the prior art, the combined implementation mode can well adapt to the functions of large current detection and small current detection, achieves the purpose of simulating a plurality of strings of real batteries, solves the problem of poor current adaptability, and has strong adaptability and low cost.
The four strings of simulation batteries provided by the embodiment of the invention also have two functions of output power supply and input charging, and can simulate the charging and discharging of product batteries; the instrument is mainly used for research and development debugging and production line testing of mobile power supplies, bluetooth, chargers and battery power supply equipment, and can also be used as a common adjustable power supply, the output voltage and input and output current protection values can be set, and charging and discharging can be rapidly and automatically switched; each string of batteries can be independently provided with voltage, and the voltage is independently calibrated; the device has the function of automatically switching current gears, and when the small current of a product is detected, the device is automatically switched to a milliampere gear; the high precision and the high resolution can reach 1mV/1uA, and the high resolution can detect the standby current and the standby power consumption of the product; the linear programmable DC power supply has the advantages of high stability, low noise, low drift and the like; the communication interface with the electrical isolation serial port is communicated with the PC, and is conveniently integrated with other integrated equipment for matching use, such as an AET automatic test system and the like.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, and the present description takes a simulation of four strings of batteries as an example, and it is apparent that the present invention is not limited to the simulation of four strings of batteries, and can be increased or decreased according to the same principle, or equivalent replacement of some technical features, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The simulation battery is characterized by comprising a power frequency transformer, a power panel (3), a power output unit and a low-power simulation battery unit, wherein the power frequency transformer is used for converting commercial power into multi-path low-voltage alternating current, the power panel (3) rectifies and filters the low-voltage alternating current and then respectively outputs the low-voltage alternating current to the power output unit and the low-power simulation battery unit, the low-power simulation battery unit comprises a plurality of series-connected low-power simulation batteries, the positive electrode of each series-connected low-power simulation battery is provided with an intermediate voltage tap, the negative electrode of the power output unit is connected with the negative electrode of the low-power simulation battery unit, and the output voltage of the power output unit is higher than that of the low-power simulation battery unit; the power output unit outputs a high-power supply for large current detection, and the low-power simulation battery unit outputs a low-power supply for low current detection;
the low-power analog battery unit comprises a second main control module (41) and a second digital-to-analog conversion module (42), wherein the low-power analog battery comprises an analog battery voltage control module (31), an analog battery constant current source control module (32) and a current detection module (35);
the second main control module (41) is respectively connected with the simulated battery constant current source control module (32), the simulated battery voltage control module (31) and the second digital-to-analog conversion module (42), the simulated battery voltage control module (31) is respectively connected with the simulated battery constant current source control module (32), the current detection module (35) and the second digital-to-analog conversion module (42), and the second digital-to-analog conversion module (42) is connected with the current detection module (35).
2. The dummy battery according to claim 1 further comprising a power output interface (4) and an intermediate voltage tap interface (2), the power output unit being connected to the power output interface (4), the intermediate voltage tap of the low power dummy battery unit being connected to the intermediate voltage tap interface (2).
3. The analog battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the low-power analog battery further comprises a current blocking protection module (43), and the current blocking protection module (43) is respectively connected with the second master control module (41) and the analog battery voltage control module (31).
4. The analog battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of the small-power analog battery is three strings.
5. The analog battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the power output unit comprises a first main control module (15), a first digital-to-analog conversion module (20), a voltage control module (21), a power output module (24), an output current amplification module (23), an output voltage amplification module (22), and a current sampling module (27);
the power supply comprises a first main control module (15), a first digital-to-analog conversion module (20), an output current amplification module (23), an output voltage amplification module (22) and a current sampling module (27), wherein the voltage control module (21) is connected with the first digital-to-analog conversion module (20), the output current amplification module (23) and the power output module (24) respectively, the output current amplification module (23) is connected with the first digital-to-analog conversion module (20), the output voltage amplification module (22) is connected with the power output module (24) respectively, and the current sampling module (27) is connected with the power output module (24) and the first main control module (15) respectively.
6. The analog battery according to claim 5, wherein the power output unit further comprises a voltage analog-to-digital conversion module (28) and a current analog-to-digital conversion module (29), the voltage analog-to-digital conversion module (28) is respectively connected with the first main control module (15) and the output voltage amplification module (22), and the current analog-to-digital conversion module (29) is respectively connected with the first main control module (15) and the current sampling module (27).
7. The analog battery according to claim 6, wherein the power output unit further comprises an output protection module (25), the output protection module (25) is disposed between the power output module (24) and the power output interface (4), and the output protection module (25) is respectively connected to the first main control module (15), the power output module (24) and the power output interface (4).
8. The analog battery according to claim 7, wherein the power output unit further comprises a current gear switching module (26), the current gear switching module (26) is disposed between the power output module (24) and the power output interface (4), and the output protection module (25) is respectively connected to the first main control module (15), the power output module (24) and the power output interface (4).
9. The analog battery according to claim 8, wherein the current gear shifting module (26) of the power output unit comprises an ampere gear shifting path and a milliampere gear shifting path for automatically shifting the current gear according to the current magnitude.
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