CN113324459B - Detection method for surface scratch of casting blank - Google Patents
Detection method for surface scratch of casting blank Download PDFInfo
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- CN113324459B CN113324459B CN202110437102.XA CN202110437102A CN113324459B CN 113324459 B CN113324459 B CN 113324459B CN 202110437102 A CN202110437102 A CN 202110437102A CN 113324459 B CN113324459 B CN 113324459B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring depth
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The application particularly relates to a detection method for surface scratches of a casting blank, which belongs to the technical field of defect detection of the casting blank, and comprises the following steps: pickling and deslagging the scratched surface of the casting blank to remove iron oxide scales and residues on the scratched surface of the casting blank; polishing and grinding the scratched surface of the casting blank subjected to acid washing and deslagging to fully expose the scratches of the scratched surface of the casting blank; performing scratch detection on the scratched surface of the polished casting blank to obtain the width and depth of the scratch; firstly, removing surface scale and residues by adopting surface acid etching, clearly displaying scratches on the surface of a casting blank by using a method of slightly polishing by using sand paper, and measuring to obtain the width of the scratches and the maximum depth of a defect groove; the influence of scale and residues at the bottom of the vibration mark is eliminated, and the width and depth of the scratch are accurately measured; in addition, the method is convenient to operate, high in measurement efficiency and accuracy, low in cost and capable of meeting the requirement of mass detection.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of detection of casting blank defects, and particularly relates to a detection method of surface scratches of a casting blank.
Background
The continuous casting is to pour qualified molten steel into a water-cooled crystallizer at a certain speed, a water-cooled system is arranged in the wall of the copper crystallizer, cooling water continuously takes away heat of molten steel which is avoided by contact, a blank shell is formed on the copper wall surface, meanwhile, the crystallizer is accompanied by vibration at a certain frequency, the blank shell is separated from the wall surface of the crystallizer along with the vibration of the crystallizer, and the process of solidifying the casting blank with the liquid core while continuously walking downwards is called continuous casting.
In the continuous casting production process, in the crystallizer, due to periodic vibration, vibration marks which are uniformly and transversely distributed and have a certain depth are generated on the surface of a casting blank, the inside of the casting blank after the casting blank is still in a liquid state, the casting blank with a liquid core moves downwards along guide rollers on two sides of an inner arc and an outer arc of the casting blank under the traction action of a withdrawal and straightening machine, the guide rollers are usually segmented rigid rollers, support the casting blank shell, the guide rollers can passively rotate, the roller surface is smooth, the casting blank is prevented from being scratched, water cooling nozzles are arranged between the guide rollers, the casting blank is continuously cooled by continuously spraying water until the casting blank is completely solidified from inside to outside, and finally the casting blank with a certain length is cut by flame after the casting blank is discharged from the casting machine through the withdrawal and straightening rollers with a drive.
In the normal continuous casting process, only uniform vibration marks are left on the surface of the casting blank, and other defects are avoided, and when the process or casting machine equipment is abnormal, various defects such as scratches, cracks, slag inclusion, scab and the like can appear on the surface of the casting blank. Among various defects, scratches are mainly caused by the fact that residual steel, residues, falling parts and the like are embedded between the roll surfaces and the rolls and scratch is generated between the roll surfaces and the running casting blanks, so that linear defects are left on the surfaces. After the casting blank is scratched, one or more grooves parallel to the casting direction are usually left at the defect part, the width of the defect is different, the depth is different, the length almost penetrates through the whole casting blank surface, and iron scales or residues are arranged in the grooves, as shown in figure 1.
The depth of the scratch of the casting blank has larger influence on the surface quality of the subsequent product, the shallower scratch can be eliminated in the subsequent heating and rolling process, and the deeper scratch can inherit the surface of the product. In order to judge the influence of the scratch defect of the casting blank on the product, proper measures are taken. The extent of the scratch defect, including the width and depth of the scratch, needs to be determined.
At present, 2 main methods for judging the scratch defects of casting blanks are as follows: 1. judging by an empirical method, observing the scratch condition by naked eyes according to personal operation experience, and simply measuring the scratch range and the scratch depth; 2. and (3) accurately measuring the sample, cutting a defect sample along the casting direction, grinding and polishing the section of the defect sample, measuring the width of the scratch defect, observing the section of the scratch under a microscope, and measuring the scratch depth.
The existing method has the following problems: when the method is adopted for judgment, the requirement on operators is high, the defects must be subjected to abundant experience, the detection accuracy is not high, the influence of factors such as scale on the surface of a casting blank and on-site environment is high, and accurate data are difficult to obtain; when the sampling accurate measurement is adopted, the measurement result is accurate, but the sample needs to be polished and polished, the process is complex, and the operation of professional metallographic detection personnel is also needed, so that the time is long, the detection cost is high, and the efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application has been made in view of the above problems, and has as its object to provide a method for detecting scratches on the surface of a cast slab which overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems.
The embodiment of the application provides a detection method for surface scratches of a casting blank, which comprises the following steps:
pickling and deslagging the scratched surface of the casting blank to remove iron oxide scales and residues on the scratched surface of the casting blank;
polishing and grinding the scratched surface of the casting blank subjected to pickling and deslagging to fully expose the scratches of the scratched surface of the casting blank;
and carrying out scratch detection on the polished scratch surface of the casting blank to obtain the scratch width and the scratch depth.
Optionally, in the process of pickling and deslagging the scratched surface of the casting blank, the temperature of acid liquor adopted for pickling and deslagging is 40-60 ℃.
Optionally, in the process of pickling and deslagging the scratched surface of the casting blank, the acid liquor adopted in pickling and deslagging is hydrochloric acid, and the mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 10% -30%.
Optionally, the preparation method of the hydrochloric acid comprises the following steps: mixing concentrated hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 25% -50% with water to obtain hydrochloric acid; the temperature of the water is 80-95 ℃.
Optionally, the preparation method of the hydrochloric acid comprises the following steps: mixing concentrated hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 37% with water to obtain hydrochloric acid; the temperature of the water is 90 ℃, and the mixing ratio of the concentrated hydrochloric acid to the water is 1:1.
optionally, in the process of pickling and deslagging the scratched surface of the casting blank, the pickling and deslagging time is 5-10 min.
Optionally, in polishing the scratched surface of the casting blank subjected to pickling and deslagging, polishing by adopting sand paper, wherein the mesh number of the sand paper is 150-210 meshes.
Optionally, the mesh number of the sand paper is 180 mesh.
Optionally, the step of performing scratch detection on the polished scratch surface of the casting blank to obtain the width and depth of the scratch specifically includes:
carrying out scratch width measurement on the polished scratch surface of the casting blank, wherein the measurement times of the width measurement are at least three times, and taking the maximum value as the scratch width;
and carrying out scratch depth measurement on the polished scratch surface of the casting blank, wherein the measurement times of the depth measurement are at least three times, and the maximum value is taken as the scratch depth.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
and judging whether the casting blank is transmitted to the surface of the rear-end product or not according to the width and the depth of the scratch.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
the method for detecting the surface scratch of the casting blank provided by the embodiment of the application comprises the following steps: pickling and deslagging the scratched surface of the casting blank to remove iron oxide scales and residues on the scratched surface of the casting blank; polishing and grinding the scratched surface of the casting blank subjected to pickling and deslagging to fully expose the scratches of the scratched surface of the casting blank; performing scratch detection on the polished scratch surface of the casting blank to obtain the scratch width and the scratch depth; firstly, removing surface scale and residues by adopting surface acid etching, and then, clearly displaying scratches on the surface of a casting blank by adopting a method of slightly polishing with sand paper, measuring = obtaining the width of the scratches, and measuring the maximum depth of a scratch defect groove by adopting a depth scale on the basis of taking a polished surface as a reference, thereby obtaining depth data; the influence of scale and residues at the bottom of the vibration mark is eliminated, and the width and depth of the scratch are accurately measured; in addition, the method is convenient to operate, high in measurement efficiency and accuracy, capable of meeting the requirement of mass detection and low in cost.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present application, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present application in order that the same may be more clearly understood and to make the same and other objects, features and advantages of the present application more readily apparent.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a casting blank of the background art;
FIG. 2 is a topography of a casting blank provided by an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 3 is a morphology diagram of an acid-washed cast blank provided by an embodiment of the application;
fig. 4 is a morphology diagram of a polished casting blank according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of a method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The advantages and various effects of the present application will be more clearly apparent from the following detailed description and examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific embodiments and examples are intended to illustrate the application, not to limit the application.
Throughout the specification, unless specifically indicated otherwise, the terms used herein should be understood as meaning as commonly used in the art. Accordingly, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification will control.
Unless otherwise specifically indicated, the various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present application are commercially available or may be prepared by existing methods.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the application aims to solve the technical problems, and the overall thought is as follows:
according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application, there is provided a method for detecting a scratch on a surface of a cast slab, the method including:
s0. selecting a scratched defect blank, and placing the defect blank at a ventilation position;
s1, pickling and deslagging the scratched surface of a casting blank to remove oxidized iron scales and residues on the scratched surface of the casting blank;
specifically, brushing hydrochloric acid at the defect for 5-10 minutes, under the action of hydrochloric acid, opening iron scales and residues on the surface near the defect, and brushing out the iron scales on the surface by using bristles and clear water;
as an optional implementation mode, in the process of pickling and deslagging the scratched surface of the casting blank, the temperature of acid liquor adopted for pickling and deslagging is 40-60 ℃; the acid solution used for pickling and deslagging is hydrochloric acid, the mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 10% -30%, and it should be noted that the above list of acid solutions is only for illustrating that the application can be implemented, and is not limited to the application, and in other embodiments, other acid solutions, such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc., can be used by those skilled in the art as required.
The reason for controlling the temperature of the acid liquor to be 40-60 ℃ is that the reaction of the acid liquor and slag on the surface of a casting blank can be accelerated by the higher temperature, the adverse effect of the overlarge temperature value is that unnecessary energy consumption is caused, in actual operation, cold concentrated acid liquor and hot water or even waste water are generally mixed, the temperature of the finally produced acid liquor is approximately 40-60 ℃, and the adverse effect of overlarge temperature is that the reaction is too slow.
The reason for controlling the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid to be 10% -30% is to ensure the reaction speed of the acid liquor and the slag on the surface of the casting blank, the concentration of concentrated hydrochloric acid is generally about 50%, in order to accelerate the reaction, the temperature of the acid liquor is increased after cold acid liquor and hot water are mixed, but the concentration is diluted, and under the common consideration of the concentration and the temperature, the hot water and the cold acid liquor adopt the method that: 1, the concentration of the mixed acid liquor is generally 10% -30%, the adverse effect of the excessive concentration is that hot water is less added, the temperature of the acid liquor is not high enough, the reaction is slower, and the adverse effect of the excessive concentration is that the reaction speed is influenced.
In practice, the formulation method of hydrochloric acid may be selected from: mixing concentrated hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 25% -50% with water to obtain hydrochloric acid; the temperature of the water is 80-95 ℃.
Preferably, the preparation method of the hydrochloric acid comprises the steps of mixing concentrated hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 37% with water to obtain hydrochloric acid; the temperature of the water is 90 ℃, and the mixing ratio of the concentrated hydrochloric acid to the water is 1:1.
s2, polishing and grinding the scratched surface of the casting blank subjected to pickling and deslagging to fully expose scratching of the scratched surface of the casting blank;
specifically, the surface of the casting blank near the defect is further polished by 150-210 mesh sand paper, preferably 180 mesh sand paper, and the scratch is lower than the surface of the casting blank and cannot be polished, so that the scratch is fully exposed on the smooth surface of the casting blank after polishing.
S3, carrying out scratch detection on the polished scratch surface of the casting blank to obtain the width and depth of the scratch;
specifically, measuring the width of the scratch area by using a graduated scale, and taking the maximum value in multiple measurements so as to obtain scratch width data; and then measuring the depth of the scratch defect groove by using the polished surface outside the scratch area as a reference and adopting a depth scale, wherein the maximum value is taken in a plurality of measurement results, so that depth data is obtained.
The method for detecting surface scratches of a cast slab according to the present application will be described in detail with reference to examples, comparative examples and experimental data.
Example 1
A method for detecting scratches on the surface of a casting blank, the method comprising:
the casting blank is made of SPHC ordinary low-carbon steel through continuous casting of sheet billet, surface scratch defects occur, one detection point is taken every 10 meters, and 3 detection points are taken as detection points 1, 2 and 3 respectively;
s1, pickling and deslagging the scratched surface of a casting blank to remove oxidized iron scales and residues on the scratched surface of the casting blank;
s2, polishing and grinding the scratched surface of the casting blank subjected to pickling and deslagging to fully expose scratching of the scratched surface of the casting blank;
s3, carrying out scratch detection on the polished scratch surface of the casting blank to obtain the scratch width and the scratch depth.
Example 2
A method for detecting scratches on the surface of a casting blank, the method comprising:
the method comprises the steps of continuously casting a high-carbon steel WL510 by a slab, wherein surface scratch defects occur, the same scratch defects are detected at intervals of 5 meters, and 3 detection points are respectively detected at 1, 2 and 3;
s1, pickling and deslagging the scratched surface of a casting blank to remove oxidized iron scales and residues on the scratched surface of the casting blank;
s2, polishing and grinding the scratched surface of the casting blank subjected to pickling and deslagging to fully expose scratching of the scratched surface of the casting blank;
s3, carrying out scratch detection on the polished scratch surface of the casting blank to obtain the scratch width and the scratch depth.
Comparative example 1
A method for detecting scratches on the surface of a casting blank, the method comprising:
the casting blank is the same thin slab continuous casting SPHC ordinary low-carbon steel as in the example 1, and has surface scratch defect;
and an operator performs experience judgment on the scratch of the slab.
Comparative example 2
A method for detecting scratches on the surface of a casting blank, the method comprising:
the casting blank is the same plate blank continuous casting high-carbon steel WL510 as in the example 2, and the surface scratch defect occurs;
and an operator performs experience judgment on the scratch of the slab.
Comparative example 3
A method for detecting scratches on the surface of a casting blank, the method comprising:
the casting blank is the same thin slab continuous casting SPHC ordinary low-carbon steel as in the example 1, and has surface scratch defect;
cutting a defect sample along the casting direction, grinding and polishing the section of the defect sample, measuring the width of the scratch defect, observing the section of the scratch under a microscope, and measuring the scratch depth.
Comparative example 4
A method for detecting scratches on the surface of a casting blank, the method comprising:
the casting blank is the same plate blank continuous casting high-carbon steel WL510 as in the example 2, and the surface scratch defect occurs;
cutting a defect sample along the casting direction, grinding and polishing the section of the defect sample, measuring the width of the scratch defect, observing the section of the scratch under a microscope, and measuring the scratch depth.
The results of the tests of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-4 are shown in the following table.
As can be seen from the above table, the method provided by the application can be used for detecting scratches on the surface of a casting blank, the accuracy of measurement can be equivalent to that of a method adopting accurate sampling measurement, and the measurement time is far shorter than that of the method adopting accurate sampling measurement, but accurate data is difficult to obtain by adopting an empirical method.
Detailed description of the drawings 2-4:
as shown in fig. 2, the profile of the casting blank is shown, the whole casting blank surface is coated with the layer of oxide scale, scratches are not displayed, and the problem of inaccuracy exists in visual inspection or direct measurement.
As shown in fig. 3, the profile of the casting blank after pickling is shown, and the scale on the surface of the casting blank is peeled off, but scratches are not yet developed, so that direct measurement can be performed.
As shown in FIG. 3, the shape of the polished casting blank is obtained from the graph, and the scratch is lower than the surface of the casting blank and cannot be polished, so that the scratch is fully exposed on the smooth surface of the casting blank after polishing, and the width and depth of the scratch can be measured by directly using a graduated scale and a depth scale.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
(1) The method provided by the embodiment of the application comprises the steps of firstly removing surface scale and residues by adopting surface acid etching, then clearly displaying scratches on the surface of a casting blank by adopting a method of slightly polishing with sand paper, measuring to obtain the width of the scratches, measuring the maximum depth of a scratch defect groove by adopting a depth scale on the basis of polished surfaces, obtaining depth data, removing the influence of scale and residues at the bottom of vibration marks by adopting a simple pickling and polishing method, and accurately measuring the width and depth of the scratches;
(2) Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantages of convenient operation, high measurement efficiency, high accuracy and the like;
(3) Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantages of meeting the requirement of mass detection, being low in cost and the like.
Finally, it is also noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
While preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present application without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, it is intended that the present application also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. The method for detecting the scratch on the surface of the casting blank is characterized by comprising the following steps:
pickling and deslagging the scratched surface of the casting blank to remove iron scales and residues on the scratched surface of the casting blank, wherein the temperature of acid liquor adopted in pickling and deslagging is 40-60 ℃, the acid liquor is hydrochloric acid, the mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 10-30%, and the pickling and deslagging time is 5-10 min;
polishing the scratched surface of the casting blank subjected to acid washing and deslagging to fully expose scratches of the scratched surface of the casting blank, wherein the polishing is performed by adopting sand paper, and the mesh number of the sand paper is 150-210 meshes;
carrying out scratch width measurement on the polished scratch surface of the casting blank, wherein the measurement times of the width measurement are at least three times, and taking the maximum value as the scratch width;
taking the polished surface outside the scratch area as a reference, measuring the depth of the scratch defect groove by adopting a depth ruler, wherein the measurement times of depth measurement are at least three times, and taking the maximum value as the scratch depth;
and judging whether the casting blank is transmitted to the surface of the rear-end product or not according to the width and the depth of the scratch.
2. The method for detecting surface scratches of a casting blank according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing hydrochloric acid comprises the steps of: mixing concentrated hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 25% -50% with water to obtain hydrochloric acid; the temperature of the water is 80-95 ℃.
3. The method for detecting surface scratches of a casting blank according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing hydrochloric acid comprises the steps of: mixing concentrated hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 37% with water to obtain hydrochloric acid; the temperature of the water is 90 ℃, and the mixing ratio of the concentrated hydrochloric acid to the water is 1:1.
4. the method for detecting surface scratches of a cast slab according to claim 1, wherein the number of the abrasive paper is 180 mesh.
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