CN113322078A - Granules for comprehensively treating heavy metals in soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Granules for comprehensively treating heavy metals in soil and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113322078A
CN113322078A CN202110621431.XA CN202110621431A CN113322078A CN 113322078 A CN113322078 A CN 113322078A CN 202110621431 A CN202110621431 A CN 202110621431A CN 113322078 A CN113322078 A CN 113322078A
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heavy metal
particles
struvite
bentonite
mass
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CN113322078B (en
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刘晓峰
江寿良
刘宗飞
聂建求
江子恒
王丹蕾
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Jiangxi Yuanchun Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C2101/00In situ

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses particles for comprehensively treating heavy metals in soil and a preparation method thereof, wherein magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) is intercalated in bentonite, so that the heavy metal stabilizing effect and the soil improvement effect of struvite are kept, and the defects that struvite cannot be separated and ex-situ repair cannot be realized due to the characteristic of brittleness and frangibility caused by directly using struvite are avoided; meanwhile, peat and activated sludge are added into the heavy metal treatment particles, and most of peat is organic matters, so that microorganisms in the activated sludge can easily decompose the peat in the use process of the heavy metal treatment particles, the heavy metal treatment particles are of a porous structure, and the adsorption efficiency of the heavy metal treatment particles is improved.

Description

Granules for comprehensively treating heavy metals in soil and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soil remediation, in particular to granules for comprehensively treating heavy metals in soil and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of economy and the more active social production and living, the soil in China faces more serious pollution, and the inorganic pollutants in the soil are more prominent in heavy metals, mainly because the heavy metals cannot be decomposed by soil microorganisms and are easy to accumulate, so that the soil seriously harms the human health. The soil heavy metal pollutants mainly comprise mercury, cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, arsenic, nickel, iron, manganese, zinc and the like, wherein the mercury, the cadmium and the lead are main pollution sources and are considered by society.
In the prior art, struvite (also called magnesium ammonium phosphate) is used as a stabilizer to carry out in-situ remediation on heavy metals in soil, and the struvite is used as both the heavy metal stabilizer and the soil conditioner.
However, the in-situ remediation technology is poor in effectiveness and continuity, because struvite is slightly soluble in water and is brittle, when the in-situ remediation technology is used for heavy metal, heavy metal ions which are stably adsorbed are continuously dissociated along with the continuous dissolution of struvite, and the soil is polluted again; and the fertilizer is crisp, is very easy to break and cannot be reclaimed and ploughed.
The invention discloses a particle for comprehensively treating heavy metal in soil and a preparation method thereof, which also utilize the heavy metal stabilizing effect and the soil improving effect of struvite, but have solid and porous quality and can be used for the ectopic remediation of soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses particles for comprehensively treating heavy metals in soil and a preparation method thereof, which also utilize the heavy metal stabilizing effect and the soil improving effect of struvite, but have firm and porous quality and can be used for the ex-situ remediation of the soil.
A granule for comprehensively treating heavy metals in soil is prepared by the following steps:
struvite intercalation treatment
(1) Dissolving a mixture of ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate and phosphoric acid in a mass ratio of 2-3: 1-2 in water of 1.5-2 times of the mass of the mixture to prepare a solution A;
(2) dissolving magnesium sulfate heptahydrate with the mass of 0.5-0.6 times that of ammonium hydrogen phosphate in water with the mass of 1-1.5 times that of the magnesium sulfate heptahydrate to prepare a solution B;
(3) taking bentonite powder which accounts for 10-15% of the mass of the solution A, adding the bentonite powder into the solution A, stirring and slurrying, and then evaporating 50-60% of water through reduced pressure drying;
(4) then adding the bentonite into the solution B, stirring and slurrying, aging for 6-8 h, washing with a small amount of dilute hydrochloric acid, filtering, and drying under reduced pressure to obtain the struvite intercalated bentonite;
(II) preparation of heavy Metal treated particles
(5) Kneading and dispersing a mixture of bentonite, peat, activated sludge and kitchen waste grease in a mass ratio of 3-5: 2-3: 1-2 of the struvite intercalated bentonite to the activated sludge, and then spraying Ca (OH) accounting for 30-50% of the mass of the mixture2Kneading the suspension to obtain a dough, and granulating;
(6) and (3) putting the briquetting particles in a cool and ventilated place for 1-3 days to prepare the heavy metal treatment particles.
Further, the bentonite powder in the step (3) is bentonite powder screened by a 100-300-mesh sieve.
Further, the mass fraction of the dilute hydrochloric acid in the step (4) is 0.1%.
Further, the reduced pressure drying process in the steps (3) and (4) is carried out at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.07 MPa to-0.09 MPa.
Further, said Ca (OH) in the step (5)2The preparation method of the suspension comprises the following steps: adding lime powder 20 wt% into water, stirring and cooling to obtain Ca (OH)2And (4) suspending the solution.
Further, the kneading and dispersing device in the step (5) is a planetary mixer.
Further, the particle size of the prepared heavy metal treatment particles is 1-2 cm.
Further, the use method of the prepared heavy metal treatment particles is as follows:
the prepared heavy metal treatment particles are mixed and ploughed into the polluted soil, and the proportion of the heavy metal treatment particles is 1-2% of the dry weight of the soil; continuously spraying water and drenching, and screening to remove heavy metal treated particles until next reclamation.
Furthermore, the treatment period of the prepared heavy metal treatment particles in the polluted soil is not less than 1 month, otherwise, the utilization rate of the struvite is not high, and waste is caused.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the invention, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) is intercalated in bentonite, so that the heavy metal stabilizing effect and the soil improvement effect of struvite are kept, and the defects that struvite cannot be separated and ex-situ repair cannot be realized due to the characteristic of brittleness and fragility caused by direct use of struvite are avoided;
2. washing with dilute hydrochloric acid after struvite intercalation treatment to remove Mg from bentonite and struvite2+The cations are partially replaced, so that the adsorption capacity and the adsorption efficiency of the heavy metal ions by the subsequent heavy metal treatment particles are improved;
3. the invention uses kitchen waste grease as a primary binder, and uses Ca (OH)2The shaping effect is achieved when the coating is not hardened;
4. according to the invention, peat and activated sludge are added into the heavy metal treatment particles, and most of peat is organic matter, so that microorganisms in the activated sludge can easily decompose peat in the use process of the heavy metal treatment particles, so that the heavy metal treatment particles are of a porous structure, and the adsorption efficiency of the heavy metal treatment particles is improved;
5. the present invention utilizes Ca (OH)2The suspension liquid hardens and solidifies the heavy metal treatment particles, so that the suspension liquid has the characteristics of hard quality and easy screening and separation.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A granule for comprehensively treating heavy metals in soil is prepared by the following steps:
struvite intercalation treatment
(1) Dissolving a mixture of ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate and phosphoric acid in a mass ratio of 2:1:1 in 1.5 times of water to prepare a solution A;
(2) dissolving magnesium sulfate heptahydrate with the mass of 0.5 time that of ammonium hydrogen phosphate in water with the mass of 1 time that of the magnesium sulfate heptahydrate to prepare a solution B;
(3) taking bentonite powder with the mass of 10% of the solution A, adding the bentonite powder into the solution A, stirring and slurrying, and then evaporating 50% of water through reduced pressure drying;
(4) then adding the bentonite into the solution B, stirring and slurrying, aging for 6h, washing with a small amount of dilute hydrochloric acid, filtering, and drying under reduced pressure to obtain the struvite intercalated bentonite;
(II) preparation of heavy Metal treated particles
(5) Kneading and dispersing the mixture of bentonite, peat, activated sludge and kitchen waste grease with the mass ratio of 5:2:2:2 of the struvite intercalated bentonite, peat, activated sludge and kitchen waste grease, and then spraying Ca (OH) accounting for 30 percent of the mass of the mixture2Kneading the suspension to obtain a dough, and granulating;
(6) and (3) putting the agglomerated particles in a cool and ventilated place for 1 day to prepare the heavy metal treated particles.
And (3) screening the bentonite powder with a 300-mesh sieve.
And (4) the mass fraction of the dilute hydrochloric acid in the step (4) is 0.1%.
The reduced pressure drying process in the steps (3) and (4) is carried out at the temperature of 70 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.07 MPa.
Step (5) said Ca (OH)2The preparation method of the suspension comprises the following steps: adding lime powder 20 wt% into water, stirring and cooling to obtain Ca (OH)2And (4) suspending the solution.
Example 2
A granule for comprehensively treating heavy metals in soil is prepared by the following steps:
struvite intercalation treatment
(1) Dissolving a mixture of ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate and phosphoric acid in a mass ratio of 2.5:1:1.1 in water of 1.6 times to prepare a solution A;
(2) dissolving magnesium sulfate heptahydrate with the mass of 0.5 time that of ammonium hydrogen phosphate in water with the mass of 1.2 times that of the magnesium sulfate heptahydrate to prepare a solution B;
(3) taking bentonite powder with the mass of 11% of the solution A, adding the bentonite powder into the solution A, stirring and slurrying, and then evaporating 50% of water through reduced pressure drying;
(4) then adding the bentonite into the solution B, stirring and slurrying, aging for 8h, washing with a small amount of dilute hydrochloric acid, filtering, and drying under reduced pressure to obtain the struvite intercalated bentonite;
(II) preparation of heavy Metal treated particles
(5) Kneading and dispersing the mixture of bentonite, peat, activated sludge and kitchen waste grease in a mass ratio of 4:2:1:1 of struvite intercalated bentonite, peat, activated sludge and kitchen waste grease in a mass ratio of 40%, and spraying Ca (OH) with the mass of the mixture of 40%2Kneading the suspension to obtain a dough, and granulating;
(6) and (3) putting the briquetting particles in a cool and ventilated place for 2 days to prepare the heavy metal treatment particles.
And (3) screening the bentonite powder with a 150-mesh sieve.
And (4) the mass fraction of the dilute hydrochloric acid in the step (4) is 0.1%.
The reduced pressure drying process in the steps (3) and (4) is carried out at the temperature of 70 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.09 MPa.
Step (5) said Ca (OH)2The preparation method of the suspension comprises the following steps: adding lime powder 20 wt% into water, stirring and cooling to obtain Ca (OH)2And (4) suspending the solution.
Example 3
A granule for comprehensively treating heavy metals in soil is prepared by the following steps:
struvite intercalation treatment
(1) Dissolving a mixture of ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate and phosphoric acid in a mass ratio of 3:2:2 in 2 times of water to prepare a solution A;
(2) dissolving magnesium sulfate heptahydrate with the mass of 0.6 time that of ammonium hydrogen phosphate in water with the mass of 1.5 times that of the magnesium sulfate heptahydrate to prepare a solution B;
(3) taking bentonite powder with the mass of 15% of the solution A, adding the bentonite powder into the solution A, stirring and slurrying, and then evaporating 60% of water through reduced pressure drying;
(4) then adding the bentonite into the solution B, stirring and slurrying, aging for 8h, washing with a small amount of dilute hydrochloric acid, filtering, and drying under reduced pressure to obtain the struvite intercalated bentonite;
(II) preparation of heavy Metal treated particles
(5) Mixing the struvite intercalated bentonite, peat, activated sludge and kitchen waste grease in a mass ratio of 3:3:1:1Dispersing by kneading, then spraying 50% of Ca (OH) by mass of the mixture2Kneading the suspension to obtain a dough, and granulating;
(6) and (3) putting the agglomerated particles in a cool and ventilated place for 3 days to prepare the heavy metal treated particles.
And (3) screening the bentonite powder with a 100-mesh sieve.
And (4) the mass fraction of the dilute hydrochloric acid in the step (4) is 0.1%.
The reduced pressure drying process in the steps (3) and (4) is carried out at the temperature of 60 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.09 MPa.
Step (5) said Ca (OH)2The preparation method of the suspension comprises the following steps: adding lime powder 20 wt% into water, stirring and cooling to obtain Ca (OH)2And (4) suspending the solution.
Comparative example 1
By referring to example 2, heavy metal treated pellets were directly prepared by mixing struvite ore of the same mass as that of intercalated magnesium ammonium phosphate with bentonite of the same mass.
Comparative example 2
Struvite ore with the same mass as intercalated magnesium ammonium phosphate is mixed with bentonite with the same mass, and heavy metal treatment particles are prepared through the steps (5) and (6) in the same way, and the process is the same as that of example 2.
Comparative example 3
The procedure in (4) is the same as in example 2 except that the washing with dilute hydrochloric acid is not conducted.
Comparative example 4
Peat and activated sludge are not used in step (5), and the rest of the process is the same as in example 2.
And (3) effect comparison:
the particle sizes of the heavy metal treatment particles prepared in the examples and the comparative examples are unified to be 1cm, mercury-polluted soil is used as test soil, the heavy metal treatment particles prepared in the examples and the comparative examples are mixed and ploughed into the polluted soil, and the used proportion is unified to be 1% of the dry weight of the soil; continuously spraying water for wetting, and the treatment period is 2 months.
1. Observing the appearance and the hardness of the heavy metal treatment particles prepared in each example and each comparative example and observing the appearance and the hardness of the heavy metal treatment particles after 1 month of treatment in soil;
2. testing the original concentration of mercury ions in the polluted soil and the concentration of the treated mercury ions;
3. the time period required for observing the reduction of the mercury concentration in the soil by 20 percent is taken as the decay period, and the longer the decay period is, the poorer the adsorption efficiency of the heavy metal treatment particles is, and the longer the treatment time is required.
Figure RE-GDA0003182111760000061
According to the invention, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) is intercalated in bentonite, so that the heavy metal stabilizing effect and the soil improvement effect of struvite are kept, and the defects that struvite cannot be separated and ex-situ repair cannot be realized due to the characteristic of brittleness and fragility caused by direct use of struvite are avoided; the diluted hydrochloric acid is used for washing, so that the adsorption capacity and the adsorption efficiency of heavy metal ions of subsequent heavy metal treatment particles can be improved; peat and activated sludge are added into the heavy metal treatment particles, so that the adsorption efficiency of the heavy metal treatment particles is improved; the heavy metal treated particles are firm in quality, easy to screen and separate and suitable for ex-situ remediation of the polluted soil.
The heavy metal treatment particles prepared by the invention are also effective in treating pollutants such as cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, arsenic and the like in soil.
And finally: the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A heavy metal treatment particle for comprehensively treating heavy metals in soil is characterized in that: the preparation method of the heavy metal treatment particles comprises the following steps:
struvite intercalation treatment
(1) Dissolving a mixture of ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate and phosphoric acid in a mass ratio of 2-3: 1-2 in water of 1.5-2 times of the mass of the mixture to prepare a solution A;
(2) dissolving magnesium sulfate heptahydrate with the mass of 0.5-0.6 times that of ammonium hydrogen phosphate in water with the mass of 1-1.5 times that of the magnesium sulfate heptahydrate to prepare a solution B;
(3) taking bentonite powder which accounts for 10-15% of the mass of the solution A, adding the bentonite powder into the solution A, stirring and slurrying, and then evaporating 50-60% of water through reduced pressure drying;
(4) then adding the bentonite into the solution B, stirring and slurrying, aging for 6-8 h, washing with a small amount of dilute hydrochloric acid, filtering, and drying under reduced pressure to obtain the struvite intercalated bentonite;
(II) preparation of heavy Metal treated particles
(5) Kneading and dispersing a mixture of bentonite, peat, activated sludge and kitchen waste grease in a mass ratio of 3-5: 2-3: 1-2 of the struvite intercalated bentonite to the activated sludge, and then spraying Ca (OH) accounting for 30-50% of the mass of the mixture2Kneading the suspension to obtain a dough, and granulating;
(6) and (3) putting the briquetting particles in a cool and ventilated place for 1-3 days to prepare the heavy metal treatment particles.
2. The heavy metal-treating particle of claim 1, wherein: and (3) screening the bentonite powder with a 100-300-mesh sieve.
3. The heavy metal-treating particle of claim 1, wherein: and (4) the mass fraction of the dilute hydrochloric acid in the step (4) is 0.1%.
4. The heavy metal-treating particle of claim 1, wherein: the reduced pressure drying process in the steps (3) and (4) is carried out at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.07 MPa to-0.09 MPa.
5. The heavy metal-treating particle of claim 1, wherein: step (5) said Ca (OH)2The preparation method of the suspension comprises the following steps: adding lime powder 20 wt% into water, stirring and cooling to obtain Ca (OH)2And (4) suspending the solution.
6. The heavy metal-treating particle of claim 1, wherein: and (5) kneading and dispersing by using a planetary stirrer.
7. The heavy metal-treating particle of claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the prepared heavy metal treatment particles is 1-2 cm.
8. The heavy metal-treating particle of claim 1, wherein: the method of use of the heavy metal treatment particles is as follows: the prepared heavy metal treatment particles are mixed and ploughed into the polluted soil, and the proportion of the heavy metal treatment particles is 1-2% of the dry weight of the soil; continuously spraying water and drenching, and screening to remove heavy metal treated particles until next reclamation.
9. The heavy metal-treating particle of claim 8, wherein: the treatment period of the heavy metal treatment particles in the polluted soil is not less than 1 month.
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