CN113317247A - Method for breeding pollution-free salt pan shrimps - Google Patents
Method for breeding pollution-free salt pan shrimps Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
A method for breeding pollution-free salt pan shrimps comprises the following steps: reforming, pool bottom pretreatment, early-stage water treatment, seedling release, feeding, water quality regulation and control, disease prevention and control, and shrimp collecting in turn; the invention is characterized in that a seawater salt field primary evaporation pond is transformed into a single culture pond, the fermentation lance tail goby and wheat bran rich water is utilized, the whole process is organic rich water, the survival rate of the shrimps can be improved, and the yield per mu and the total output are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of mariculture, and particularly relates to a method for culturing pollution-free salt pan shrimps.
Background
China is a big south America white shrimp breeding country, starts to become an important breed for breeding the shrimps in China in 1999, rapidly develops in the three provinces in south, and has become a shrimp breeding breed which is generally popularized in China and has the top yield up to now; the method has the advantages that while the production is developed at a high speed, serious problems of uneven seedling quality, virus carrying, slow growth and the like occur, and the sustainable development of the penaeus vannamei boone breeding industry in China is directly threatened; since 2017, the cultivation success rate of southern Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other provinces is reduced sharply, and the cultivation of northern Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin and other provinces in a salt pan special ecological system in the cities of Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin and other provinces is raised regardless of cultivation area, yield, success rate and product quality; the area of the salt pan in the east coastal region of China is 505.5 ten thousand mu, which is far larger than the area of 195 ten thousand mu of the seawater culture pond in China; the salinity of the original group of the penaeus vannamei boone is 10-25 per mill optimally, and the salinity of a special ecosystem of a salt pan is only about 10 percent of 25-30 per mill; the salinity is 30-50 per mill and 50-60 percent, and the salinity is 50-65 per mill and about 30 percent; in addition, the area of the general pond of the salt pan is large and varies from hundreds of mu to thousands of mu, and the water level is only 60-70 cm; the growth period in the north is short; the southern small-area pond culture technology is difficult to copy to a special ecosystem of a salt pan; how to improve the culture area and the yield of the penaeus vannamei boone in the special ecosystem of the salt pan by using the culture mode of the special ecosystem of the salt pan is the problem existing at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for breeding the shrimps in the pollution-free salt pan, which comprises the following steps:
1. originally, exceed thousand mu to several thousand mu, the sea water salt pan elementary evaporation pond of water level 60~70cm is reformed transform into single 100~500 mu, the breed pond of water level 120~150 cm. And (3) arranging ring ditches outside 10-20 meters of the four side slopes, wherein the width of each ring ditch is 20-30 meters, and the depth of each ring ditch is 40-60 cm. Each pond can be provided with an independent drainage system (called ' not ' type) for each condition, and the upstream water outlet can be a downstream water inlet for each condition, and the water flow is S ' type. The cultivation pond is a single 100-500 mu, the water level is 120-150 cm, a circular ditch is arranged outside 10-20 meters of four side slopes of the primary evaporation pond, the width of the circular ditch is 20-30 m, the depth of the circular ditch is 40-60 cm, and each cultivation pond is provided with an independent drainage system.
2. Pretreatment of the pool bottom: draining off water, using 50-200 kg of quicklime per mu, properly using the quicklime in low-lying places for multiple purposes, mechanically ploughing by 20-30 cm, and airing for more than 30 days.
3. Early-stage water treatment: 15-20 days before putting seedlings, killing wild trash fishes and other aquatic animals (simultaneously having the function of fertilizing water) by using tea bran of 20 g/m 3, stirring the wild trash fishes and other aquatic animals at intervals of 3 days by using a prepared spear goby (C.stigmaias) meat mincer, soaking and fermenting the minced wild trash fishes and other aquatic animals for 3-7 days by using lactic acid bacteria, and using 0.5-1 kg per mu according to the transparency; the wheat bran fermented by the lactic acid bacteria is used at intervals, and 2-3 kilograms of the wheat bran are used per mu until the water transparency is 40-60 cm. The later stage water inlet is filtered by a 40-mesh filter bag. The soil blocking dam separates the organic culture area to prevent aquatic organisms of other culture systems from entering the organic culture farm and preying on the organic aquatic organisms, and meanwhile prevents the aquatic organisms of the organic culture farm from entering other culture water bodies.
4. Seedling releasing: the water temperature reaches 21-25 ℃, the standard coarse shrimp larvae are about 2.0-2.5 cm, and the test is carried out on various viruses, vibrios and enterocoelia entomosis and the emergency test; after water testing, the survival rate of the shrimp seedlings can be increased to 95% in 24 hours, and 1.2-1.5 million pollution-free shrimp seedlings are grown in each mu.
5. Feeding: the fairy shrimp is fed on the day of seedling release, the fairy shrimp is hatched in a secondary brine pond (with the salinity of 65-95 per mill) in advance, 1-1.5 kilograms per mu is fed, and the quantity is increased by 5-10% every day in two times. If the water quality transparency is more than 60cm, the feeding amount of the fairy shrimp is reduced to a half; if the water quality transparency is more than 80cm, the artemia stop feeding, the water change amount is increased, and minced fillet of the lance tail goby (C.stigmaias) fermented by lactic acid bacteria is supplemented. And (3) starting auxiliary feeding of the compound feed when the shrimp body length is larger than 6cm, feeding 2-3 meals every day, adjusting the feeding quantity according to a bait observation platform, normally feeding on the bait observation platform, and leaving about 2% of the feeding quantity of each time on the bait observation platform to test the reasonable feeding quantity of the prawns. The sanitation indexes and the limit of the feed meet the regulations of the standard of aquatic industry, namely ' safety limit of pollution-free food and fish feed ' (SCl052-2001) '.
6. Water quality regulation and control: the water quality can be regulated by using the wheat bran fermented by the bacillus and the lactobacillus, and the wheat bran fermented by the bacillus and the lactobacillus is used once every half month.
7. Disease prevention and control: when the shrimps grow to about 7-8 cm, a modified shrimp guide net is placed every 40-50 mu by utilizing the characteristic that the sick shrimps and the weak shrimps move along the sides of the pool and attached to the water surface, a 30-50 m 60-mesh net is pulled from the side slope to 5-10 cm above the water surface under the water by 30-50 cm, the shrimp guide net is arranged at one end far away from the side slope, the sick shrimps and the weak shrimps are induced into hubs, and the shrimps are cleaned once every 2-3 days, so that the sick shrimps and the weak shrimps are prevented from being eaten by healthy shrimps and the infection source is cut off. 30 g of Vc raw powder is splashed in a full pool before and after the sudden change of weather (cold flow, strong wind, high temperature and the like) in each mu of land. Reeds can be planted in the saline-alkali soil around the aquaculture pond to attract some birds to lay eggs, so that habitat is increased, the birds can timely clean diseased shrimps and weak shrimps floating on the water surface, and the method is also one of effective means for preventing and controlling disease organisms.
8. Natural illumination is carried out during the whole culture period.
9. The method comprises the following steps of collecting shrimps in a wheel mode, and when the shrimps are cultured for 50-60 days, using a corresponding net-purpose shrimp guide net or a ground cage to collect the shrimps according to the requirements of customers for purchasing the shrimp specifications, and changing a net serving as a disease prevention and control net into a net tool which is 5-10 cm from the bottom of a pond to the water surface. Collecting shrimp until 10 months later, and cooling the water to below 15 ℃. Draining water and finishing shrimp harvest.
The introduced shrimp larvae are pollution-free shrimp larvae, and when the pollution-free shrimp larvae cannot be obtained, the conventional shrimp larvae are allowed to be introduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention changes the primary evaporation pond of the seawater salt pan into a single culture pond, thereby enlarging the culture area.
2. The fermented minced fish of the lobster and tiger fish and wheat bran are used as the organic fertilizer water in the whole process.
3. The whole process of the shrimp breeding is carried out by the fairy shrimp, which provides high-quality basic bait for the shrimp larvae, not only reduces the feed coefficient and the water pollution, but also can increase the survival rate and accelerate the growth speed of the shrimp larvae.
4. The disease prevention and control is the combination of biological prevention and control and physical prevention and control: the physical prevention and control is to arrange a shrimp guide net to eliminate the sick shrimps by utilizing the characteristics that the sick shrimps and the weak shrimps move along the sides of the pond and are attached to the water surface; the biological prevention and control is to attract birds to clean up sick shrimps and weak shrimps floating on the water surface in time by using the tail of the lance goby and the planted reed.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for breeding pollution-free salt pan shrimps comprises the following steps:
(1) modification: reconstructing an original seawater salt pan evaporation pond with water level of 60-70 cm and water level of more than one thousand mu to several thousand mu into a single culture pond; the cultivation pond is a single 100-500 mu, the water level is 120-150 cm, a circular ditch is arranged outside 10-20 meters of four side slopes of the primary evaporation pond, the width of the circular ditch is 20-30 m, the depth of the circular ditch is 40-60 cm, and each cultivation pond is provided with an independent drainage system.
(2) Pretreatment of the pool bottom: draining water, using 50-200 kg of quicklime in each mu of seawater salt pan culture pond, mechanically ploughing for 20-30 cm, and airing for more than 30 days;
(3) early-stage water treatment: 15-20 days before putting the fries, killing wild trash fishes and other aquatic animals by using tea bran of 20 g/m 3, stirring the prepared speartail goby mincer at intervals of 3 days, soaking and fermenting by using lactic acid bacteria for 3-7 days, and using 0.5-1 kg per mu according to transparency; the wheat bran fermented by the lactic acid bacteria is used at intervals, and 2-3 kilograms of the wheat bran are used per mu until the water transparency is 40-60 cm;
(4) seedling releasing: the water temperature reaches 21-25 ℃, the standard coarse shrimp larvae are 2.0-2.5 cm, and the test of various viruses, vibrios and enterohepatic hydatid and emergency test are carried out; after water testing, the survival rate of the shrimp seedlings can reach 95% in 24 hours, and 1.2-1.5 million pollution-free shrimp seedlings are put in each mu;
(5) feeding: the fairy shrimp is fed 1-1.5 kg per mu on the seedling releasing day, and the feeding is increased by 5-10% every day. If the water quality transparency is more than 60cm, the feeding amount of the fairy shrimp is reduced to a half; if the water quality transparency is more than 80cm, stopping feeding the artemia cystokiniana, increasing the water change amount, and supplementing minced fillet of the lobster and tiger fish fermented by lactic acid bacteria; feeding the mixed feed for 2-3 meals every day when the shrimp body length is more than 6cm in an auxiliary mode, and adjusting the feeding quantity according to a bait observation platform;
(6) water quality regulation and control: the water quality is regulated and controlled by the cooperation of the bacillus and the wheat bran fermented by the lactic acid bacteria, and the bacillus and the wheat bran fermented by the lactic acid bacteria are used once every half month;
(7) disease prevention and control: after 15-20 days of fry release, the prawn grows for about 5cm, 4-5 cm of the lobster tail goby domesticated and consistent with the salinity of a target pond is released per mu, and when the prawn grows to about 7-8 cm, a prawn guide net is placed every 40-50 mu by utilizing the characteristics that sick shrimps and weak shrimps move along the sides of the pond and attached to the water surface; splashing 30 g of Vc raw powder in a full pool per mu of land before and after sudden change of weather; reed is planted in saline-alkali soil around the aquaculture pond, birds are attracted to lay eggs, habitat is increased, and the birds are attracted to clean diseased shrimps and weak shrimps floating on the water surface in time;
(8) natural illumination is carried out in the whole culture period;
(9) collecting shrimps in a round way, culturing for 50-60 days, using a shrimp guide net with a corresponding net mesh to start collecting the shrimps according to the requirements of customers for purchasing shrimp specifications, collecting the shrimps till the end of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months, discharging water at the temperature lower than 15 ℃, and finishing collecting the shrimps.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications of the structures, features and principles described in the claims of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for breeding pollution-free salt pan shrimps is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) modification: reconstructing an original seawater salt pan evaporation pond with water level of 60-70 cm and water level of more than one thousand mu to several thousand mu into a single culture pond;
(2) pretreatment of the pool bottom: draining water, using 50-200 kg of quicklime in each mu of seawater salt pan culture pond, mechanically ploughing for 20-30 cm, and airing for more than 30 days;
(3) early-stage water treatment: 15-20 days before putting the fries, killing wild trash fishes and other aquatic animals by using tea bran of 20 g/m 3, stirring the prepared speartail goby mincer at intervals of 3 days, soaking and fermenting by using lactic acid bacteria for 3-7 days, and using 0.5-1 kg per mu according to transparency; the wheat bran fermented by the lactic acid bacteria is used at intervals, and 2-3 kilograms of the wheat bran are used per mu until the water transparency is 40-60 cm;
(4) seedling releasing: the water temperature reaches 21-25 ℃, the standard coarse shrimp larvae are 2.0-2.5 cm, and the test of various viruses, vibrios and enterohepatic hydatid and emergency test are carried out; after water testing, the survival rate of the shrimp seedlings can reach 95% in 24 hours, and 1.2-1.5 million pollution-free shrimp seedlings are put in each mu;
(5) feeding: feeding the fairy shrimp 1-1.5 kg per mu on the seedling releasing day, and increasing by 5-10% every day in two times; if the water quality transparency is more than 60cm, the feeding amount of the fairy shrimp is reduced to a half; if the water quality transparency is more than 80cm, stopping feeding the artemia cystokiniana, increasing the water change amount, and supplementing minced fillet of the lobster and tiger fish fermented by lactic acid bacteria; feeding the mixed feed for 2-3 meals every day when the shrimp body length is more than 6cm in an auxiliary mode, and adjusting the feeding quantity according to a bait observation platform;
(6) water quality regulation and control: the water quality is regulated and controlled by the cooperation of the bacillus and the wheat bran fermented by the lactic acid bacteria, and the bacillus and the wheat bran fermented by the lactic acid bacteria are used once every half month;
disease prevention and control: after 15-20 days of fry release, the prawn grows for about 5cm, 4-5 cm of the lobster tail goby domesticated and consistent with the salinity of a target pond is released per mu, and when the prawn grows to about 7-8 cm, a prawn guide net is placed every 40-50 mu by utilizing the characteristics that sick shrimps and weak shrimps move along the sides of the pond and attached to the water surface; splashing 30 g of Vc raw powder in a full pool per mu of land before and after sudden change of weather; reed is planted in saline-alkali soil around the aquaculture pond, birds are attracted to lay eggs, habitat is increased, and the birds are attracted to clean diseased shrimps and weak shrimps floating on the water surface in time;
(8) natural illumination is carried out in the whole culture period;
(9) collecting shrimps in a round way, culturing for 50-60 days, using a shrimp guide net with a corresponding net mesh to start collecting the shrimps according to the requirements of customers for purchasing shrimp specifications, collecting the shrimps till the end of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months, discharging water at the temperature lower than 15 ℃, and finishing collecting the shrimps.
2. The method for cultivating the pollution-free salt pan shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation ponds in the step (1) are 100-500 mu single, the water level is 120-150 cm, the annular ditches are arranged outside 10-20 m of four side slopes of the primary evaporation pond, the width of each annular ditch is 20-30 m, the depth of each annular ditch is 40-60 cm, and each cultivation pond is provided with an independent drainage system.
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