CN113317242A - Breeding and fry breeding method of Trachidermus fasciatus - Google Patents
Breeding and fry breeding method of Trachidermus fasciatus Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of trachidermus fasciatus, in particular to a method for breeding trachidermus fasciatus and breeding fries. The method comprises the following specific steps: parent fish cultivation and overwintering period treatment, artificial spawning induction, spawning and fertilized egg collection, egg mass incubation, initial incubation of larval fish, large-scale fry cultivation and domestication. In the wintering link of parent fish, wild living freshwater shrimps need to be harvested in advance and cultured in an overwintering pond so as to meet the food supply of the whole overwintering period trachidermus fasciatus. In the artificial induced spawning link, the requirements of the induced spawning condition of the Trachidermus fasciatus can be met by controlling the using method and the dosage of the induced spawning agent. The egg collector used in the egg laying link is a transparent organic glass product, so that the situation that the egg collector is turned to disturb the egg laying behavior of parent trachidermus fasciatus due to checking the egg laying condition is effectively avoided, and the egg collecting efficiency can be obviously improved. The invention can effectively improve the spawning rate, the fertilized egg hatchability, the fry survival rate and the artificial compound feed domestication success rate of parent fishes of the trachidermus fasciatus, and is a complete and efficient trachidermus fasciatus breeding and fry breeding method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of trachidermus fasciatus, in particular to a method for breeding trachidermus fasciatus and breeding fries.
Background
Trachidermus fasciatus Heckel is commonly called four gill perch, wife fish and flower drum fish, belongs to Sebastes order (Scorpaeniformes), father family (Cottidae), Trachidermus fasciatus (Trachidermus), is offshore migratory fish, and can live in salty or pure fresh water. The juvenile fish traces to the river in 4 months, grows in fresh water, grows in fat, descends the river in 12-1 months, and spawns in spring. Adult fish takes live fish and live shrimp as food. In China, trachidermus fasciatus is widely distributed, is common fish in Bohai sea, yellow sea, coastwise of east sea and adjacent fresh water areas in China, is praised as one of four famous fish in China due to delicious meat and variable physique.
In recent years, the damage to the environment and the fishing of the trachidermus fasciatus cause the species to be sharply reduced in the distribution area of China and endangered to be extinct, and the trachidermus fasciatus is listed as a national secondary protection animal at present. The trachidermus fasciatus has a certain population in the Yangtze river basin of the duck, but the number of the trachidermus fasciatus is gradually reduced. The reproduction characteristics of the trachidermus fasciatus are different from those of most cultured fishes, and the wild trachidermus fasciatus eats live fishes and live shrimps for the whole life and causes a great obstacle to the large-size fry breeding link.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for breeding and culturing fries of trachidermus fasciatus, which can effectively improve the spawning rate, fertilized egg hatchability, fry survival rate and artificial compound feed domestication success rate of parent trachidermus fasciatus.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for breeding trachidermus fasciatus and breeding fry comprises the following specific steps:
(1) overwintering period treatment
Preparing a seawater pond with a flat bottom and convenient water inlet and drainage, wherein the water depth is not less than 2 m; wild freshwater shrimps are caught and put into the pond to meet the requirement of the parent fish in the overwintering period;
(2) parent fish rearing
Selecting healthy individuals from wild harvested parent rough-skinned sculpin, carrying out medicated bath for 1-3 minutes by adopting a potassium permanganate aqueous solution with the concentration of 5-15 mg/L, putting the fresh-skinned sculpin into a seawater pond for overwintering, separating male and female fishes, and carrying out separation according to the ratio of 10-30 fishes/m2The density of the culture medium is put into a pool for culture; the salinity of the seawater pond is 20, live shrimps with the length of 3-5 cm are fed for 3-5 times every day according to 8-12% of the weight of the parent fish, the bottom of the pond is cleaned once every day, and dead parent fish and dead shrimps are picked out;
(3) artificial hasten parturition
The oxytocin is chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and/or luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue No. 2 (LHRH-A2), the dosage of HCG used singly is 2000-3000 IU/kg, the dosage of LHRH-A2 used singly is 10-20 mug/kg, and the dosage of HCG mixed with LHRH-A2 is HCG 1000-1500 IU/kg + LHRH-A25-10 mug/kg; the dosage of the male fish is halved, the injection liquid medicine amount of each 100g of male fish is 0.5-1 ml, one-time injection is carried out in the thoracic cavity, and the effect time of the medicine is 18-24 hours;
(4) spawning and fertilized egg collection
Select 10m2A spawning pond, egg collector at the bottom of the pond with density of 8-10 eggs/m2(ii) a The egg collectors are uniformly arranged, and a swimming space is reserved for the parent fish; submersible pumps are arranged at four corners of the spawning pond to ensure the water body in the pond to flow, and the spawning pond is shaded; after parent fishes enter the pond for 12 hours, chasing phenomena occur in individual male and female fishes, the parent fishes enter the pond for 15-20 hours to finish spawning and fertilization in an egg taking device, and egg blocks attached in the egg taking device contain 5000-10000 fertilized eggs;
(5) hatching of egg mass
Carefully taking down the egg mass from the egg collector, soaking and washing the egg mass for 5-10 minutes by potassium permanganate aqueous solution with the concentration of 10-15 mg/L or soaking and washing the egg mass for 5-10 minutes by 50ppm formaldehyde, and then putting the egg mass into an incubation groove for incubation; placing 15-20 egg blocks in each hatching tank, controlling the hatching water temperature at 8-10 ℃ and the hatching time at 24-26 days, and shading; the incubation tank keeps running water, and the incubation tank is required to be fresh in water quality, free of pollution, sufficient in dissolved oxygen, 7-8 in pH and 20 in salinity;
(6) culture of newly hatched fish
The hatching tank is arranged at the side of the culture pond, and the fish fry directly enters the fish fry culture pond from the water outlet after the film of the fish fry is broken; putting the fish fries with the same membrane breaking time into the same culture pond, wherein the stocking density is 1 ten thousand tails/m2The salinity of the incubation tank and the culture pond is the same, and the temperature difference of water is not more than 1 ℃; feeding is started 3-5 days after the membrane is broken, the seawater rotifer or fairy shrimp larvae are used as initial feed, the artemia are used as feed after 10 days, fresh water cladocera feed is fed after 30 days, and artificial compound feed is gradually added; after all the fish fries are converted into the artificial compound feed, feeding the fish fries three times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 4-6% of the weight of the fish fries; when the body length of the fry reaches 1.5cm, desalting, and finally reducing the salinity of the water body in the culture pond to 1;
(7) culturing and domesticating large-scale seedlings
When the fish fry body length reaches more than 2.5cm and the salinity of the water body in the culture pond is reduced to 1, putting the fish fry into an indoor cement pond for culture, wherein the stocking density is 1000 tails/m2Separating the fish bodies into pools along with the weight increase of the fish bodies; suck the end every dayChanging water once, wherein the water changing amount is 20 percent of the total volume of the water body; feeding live fresh water cladocera or copepods when the fries enter the pond, wherein the daily feeding amount accounts for 8-12% of the weight of the fries in the cement pond; after the fry is adapted to the environment, gradually adding artificial mixed feed into the bait fed every day, gradually reducing the number of fresh and live baits, and finally completely converting the baits into the artificial mixed feed; after the fry completely adapts to the artificial mixed feed, the artificial mixed feed needs to be fed for 3 times every day, and the feeding amount is 4-6% of the weight of the fry in the cement pond.
In the method for breeding and culturing the fries of the trachidermus fasciatus, in the step (1), in the wintering link of parent fishes, wild living freshwater shrimps need to be collected in advance and cultured in an overwintering pond so as to meet the food supply of the trachidermus fasciatus in the whole wintering period.
The method for breeding and culturing the fries of the trachidermus fasciatus comprises the step (3) that the culturing water temperature is raised to 8-12 ℃, and artificial spawning is carried out when parent trachidermus fasciatus develops bright body color and the belly of female fish expands.
The method for breeding and culturing the fry of the trachidermus fasciatus comprises the step (4), wherein the egg collector is arranged at the bottom of the spawning pond and is made of transparent organic glass, the egg collector is of a concave structure, the concave surface faces downwards, and one end of the egg collector is supported and lifted by the support.
In the method for breeding and culturing fries of trachidermus fasciatus, in the step (5), the incubation groove is an integrated glass fiber reinforced plastic container with an upper cylindrical groove body and a lower conical groove body, the bottom of the conical groove body faces upwards and is superposed with the bottom of the cylindrical groove body, and a horizontal egg mass supporting net is fixed along the inner side of the joint of the cylindrical groove body and the conical groove body of the incubation groove; the water inlet pipe of the hatching tank is L-shaped and adopts an integrated structure of combining a horizontal pipe and a vertical pipe; the lower end of the vertical pipe extends into the conical groove body, the water outlet at the lower end of the vertical pipe is positioned in the center of the bottom in the incubation groove, one end of the horizontal pipe is a water inlet, and the upper part of the side surface of the incubation groove is provided with a water outlet and a seedling collecting opening, wherein the diameter of the water outlet is circular.
According to the method for breeding the trachidermus fasciatus and breeding the fry, water enters the center of the bottom of the incubation groove to form ascending water flow, so that the egg mass is in a suspension state; the hatching tank is supported beside the cultivating pool, and the hatched fry after membrane rupture directly enters the cultivating pool from the water outlet/fry collecting port.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the wild rough-skinned sculpin ingests live baits (live fish and live shrimps) for the whole life, and the wild skinned sculpin needs to be caught and put into a seawater pond for culture in the overwintering link of parent fish, so that the nutrient reserve before spawning is made for the rough-skinned sculpin, the survival rate of offspring seeds is effectively improved, and the rough-skinned sculpin is cultured in the overwintering pond to meet the food supply of the rough-skinned sculpin the whole overwintering period.
(2) In the artificial induced spawning link, the invention provides a plurality of oxytocics, and the single use or combined use method and dosage of the oxytocics can meet the requirement of the induced spawning condition of the Trachidermus fasciatus.
(3) The egg collector used in the egg laying link is a transparent organic glass product, and whether egg blocks exist in the egg collector can be identified without turning the egg collector in operation. Therefore, the phenomenon that the rough-skinned sculpin spawning behavior is disturbed by turning the spawning apparatus is effectively avoided, and the spawning efficiency can be obviously improved.
(4) The hatching system is designed and customized according to the characteristics of the oosperm of the Largeon sculpin, adopts glass fiber reinforced plastics as a main material, lifts the egg block by using a net inside, and feeds water into the center of the bottom to form ascending water flow so as to enable the egg block to be in a suspended state. The whole system is provided with an automatic water feeding and discharging system, so that the hatching efficiency can be effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the incubation tank of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the egg taking device of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a water inlet, 2, a water inlet pipe, 3, a water outlet and a seedling collecting port, 4, an incubation groove, 5, an egg mass supporting net, 6, an incubation groove bracket, 7, a flow control valve, 8, an egg collector, 9 and a bracket.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Examples
Basic conditions: the area of the seawater pond is 20 multiplied 667m22m deep, polyculture sea cucumber; 10m2Cultivation pool 1Two, 1.5m deep; 10m210 spawning ponds with the depth of 1.5 m; 8 hatching tanks with the size as follows: the diameter is 90cm, and the height is 30 cm; 8m220 round corner cultivation pools with the depth of 1.5 m.
In this embodiment, the method for breeding trachidermus fasciatus and breeding fry comprises the following specific steps:
(1) management of parent fish in wintering period
A seawater pond with a flat bottom and convenient water intake and drainage is prepared, and the water depth is 2 m. 50kg of wild freshwater shrimps are harvested and caught in 10 months and placed in a 20 mu seawater pond to meet the requirement of the parent fishes in the wintering period. Collecting 660 tails of wild Songjiangweever at the end of 10 months, selecting the wild Songjiangweever with the weight of 50-100 g, the body length of 80-150 mm and no damage to the body surface as parent fish, and placing the parent fish into a pond for overwintering period cultivation after screening.
(2) Parent fish culture
In last 3 months, the ground cage catches 420 tails of the parent fishes, and after medicinal bath is carried out for 2 minutes by adopting potassium permanganate aqueous solution with the concentration of 10mg/L, the parent fishes are separately placed into two culture ponds for culture, and the stocking density is 20 tails/m2Salinity of 20 (i.e. 20 wt.%). Feeding freshwater shrimps for 4 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 10% of the weight of the parent fishes. The bottom of the pond is cleaned once a day, and dead parent fishes and dead shrimps are picked out. And (4) observing the ingestion and maturation of the parent fish, and hastening parturition when the temperature of the cultivation water rises to 8-12 ℃.
(3) Artificial hasten parturition
And 3, 14 days after 3 months, selecting female fish with obviously expanded abdomen, softness, elasticity, red genital pore, visible ovary outline and two bright orange stripes on the left and right sides of the branchial epiphragma. The oxytocin is chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue No. 2 (LHRH-A2), and the dosage of the HCG and the LHRH-A2 which are mixed is 1000-1500 IU/kg of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and 5-10 mu g/kg of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue No. 2 (LHRH-A2). The dosage of the male fish is halved, the injection liquid medicine amount of each 100g of male fish is 0.5-1 ml, and the injection is performed by adopting the thoracic cavity once. The effect time of the medicine is 18-24 hours, and the parent fish is placed in a spawning pond after the injection is finished.
(4) Lay eggs
As shown in figure 2, the egg collector 8 is arranged at the bottom of the spawning pond and is made of transparent organic glass, the egg collector 8 is of a concave structure, the concave surface faces downwards, and one end of the egg collector is supported and lifted by a support 9. The egg collector 8 is a customized transparent organic glass product, effectively avoids the situation that the egg collector is turned to disturb the egg laying behavior of parent trachidermus fasciatus due to checking the egg laying condition, and can obviously improve the egg collecting efficiency.
Select 10m2The spawning pond is provided with spawning collectors at the bottom of the pond uniformly, and the density of the spawning collectors is 8-10/m2. Submersible pumps are arranged at four corners of the spawning pond to ensure the water body in the pond to flow and perform shading treatment. After parent fishes enter the pond, each male fish quickly selects an egg collector to avoid, female fishes are clustered to avoid in corners, after the parent fishes enter the pond for 12 hours, the individual male and female fishes chase after each other, and after 18 hours, the parent fishes lay eggs and are fertilized under the egg collectors. When spawning, the male and female parent fishes are matched. The female fish lay a layer of eggs, the male fish is coated with a layer of semen, and finally the eggs form a cake shape and are attached to the concave part above the inner part of the egg collector. The egg block attached to one egg collector contains 5000-10000 fertilized eggs, and the fertilization rate is 80%. In order to avoid the parent fish being disturbed during the spawning period of the parent fish, all production activities are stopped in the workshop. The incubation times and the characteristics of the various phases are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 incubation time and embryonic development characteristics
| Time | Embryo characterization |
| Just produced | 1.6～1.7mm |
| 14 hours | Period of |
| 6 to 7 days | Appearance of eye capsule |
| 13 to 14 days | Blood flow can be observed |
| 18 days | Visible fish profile |
| 20 days | The fish body rotates in the egg membrane |
| 24 to 26 days | Successively rupture the membrane |
(4) Egg mass collection and hatching
As shown in fig. 1, the incubation tank mainly comprises: the water inlet 1, the water inlet pipe 2, the water outlet, the seedling collecting port 3, the incubation groove 4, the egg block supporting net 5 and the incubation groove bracket 6 have the following specific structure:
the hatching tank 4 is an integrated glass fiber reinforced plastic container with an upper cylindrical tank body and a lower conical tank body, the bottom of the conical tank body faces upwards and is superposed with the bottom of the cylindrical tank body, and the size of the upper cylindrical tank body is as follows: the diameter is 70cm, the height is 20cm, and the size of the lower conical groove body is as follows: the diameter is 70cm, the height is 10cm, and the bottom of the hatching tank 4 is supported by a hatching tank bracket 6 to maintain stability. A horizontal egg block supporting net 5 is fixed along the inner side of the joint of the cylindrical tank body and the conical tank body of the incubation tank, the egg block supporting net 5 is a bolting silk net, the mesh size of the bolting silk net is 10-20 meshes, and the egg blocks are prevented from sinking to the bottom of the incubation tank to generate gathering oxygen deficiency.
The water inlet pipe 2 of the incubation groove 4 is L-shaped, an integrated structure combining a horizontal pipe and a vertical pipe is adopted, the lower end of the vertical pipe extends into the conical groove, the water outlet of the lower end of the vertical pipe is positioned in the center of the bottom in the incubation groove 4, water is fed from the center of the bottom of the incubation groove 4 to form ascending water flow, and the oosperm block of the trachidermus fasciatus is always in a suspension state by utilizing the ascending water flow. One end of the horizontal pipe is a water inlet 1, a flow control valve 7 is arranged on the horizontal pipe, and the water inlet amount can be adjusted through the flow control valve 7, so that the oosperm block of the trachidermus fasciatus is always in a suspension state.
A circular water outlet and a seedling collecting port 3 with the diameter of 3cm are arranged 5cm away from the top of the side surface of the incubation tank 4, the water outlet and the seedling collecting port 3 extend 5cm outside the cylindrical tank body of the incubation tank 4, and the circular water outlet and the seedling collecting port can be externally connected with a hose to the culture pond. The water outlet and the fry collecting port 3 are used as a water outlet and a fry collecting port, the incubation groove 4 is positioned beside the fry cultivating pool, the hatched fries after the film breaking directly enter the fry cultivating pool along with water flow, the time of the fries with earlier broken films floating up and down along with the water flow in the incubation groove is reduced, the consumption of nutrients in the yolk is reduced, the mechanical damage caused by manual operation is reduced, the consumption of the yolk sac of the fries is reduced, the damage caused by the manual operation to the fries is reduced, and the survival rate of the fries is improved.
Carefully taking down the egg blocks from the egg collector, and putting the egg blocks into hatching grooves for hatching, wherein 15-20 egg blocks can be placed in each hatching groove. The water temperature is controlled to be 8-10 ℃ during the incubation period, and the incubation time is 24-26 days.
Before being put into an incubation groove, the egg mass needs to be disinfected by soaking and washing with 10-15 mg/L potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 5-10 minutes or 50ppm formaldehyde for 5-10 minutes, and then is put into the incubation groove for incubation. Shading treatment is needed for the hatching tank, and a shading net with shading rate of 75% is used for shading the direct sunlight direction in a single layer mode. In order to prevent the loss caused by power failure in the incubation process, the incubation tank is additionally provided with a power failure alarm device, once the power failure condition occurs, the system automatically gives an alarm, a standby power supply needs to be started immediately, and the condition that the fish eggs are lack of oxygen is ensured. The incubation tank keeps running water, and incubation water requires fresh water quality, no pollution, sufficient dissolved oxygen, pH 7-8, water temperature 8-12 ℃, and salinity of 20.
(6) Fry rearing for initial hatching
The hatching tank is arranged beside the culture pond, and the fish fry directly enters the fish fry culture pond from the water outlet after the film of the fish fry is broken. And 4, 7 days to 9 days after 4 months, and about 120 thousands of fish fries are hatched successively. The fry hatched by rupture of membranes on the same day is put into the same culture pond, and the stocking density is 1 ten thousand pieces/m2The temperature difference between the water in the incubation tank and the water in the culture pond is not more than 1 ℃. The food starts to be taken 3-5 days after the membrane is broken, and the bait takes plankton (such as seawater rotifer or fairy shrimp larva) as the baitOpening bait, taking artemia (fairy shrimp) as bait after 10 days, feeding fresh water cladocera bait after 30 days, gradually adding and increasing artificial mixed feed until all the artificial mixed feed is fed. The bait casting method comprises the following steps: feeding three times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 4-6% of the fish body weight, and the feeding amount is flexibly increased and decreased according to the feeding condition of the fish fries. After the fry is put into the pond, the water temperature is controlled to be 10-15 ℃, the salinity is 20, and the survival rate and the ingestion condition of the fry are observed at any time.
Wherein, the composition of the artificial compound feed is as follows: according to the weight percentage, the crude protein is more than or equal to 47.0 percent, the crude fat is more than or equal to 10.0 percent, the crude ash content is less than or equal to 15.0 percent, the crude fiber is less than or equal to 4.0 percent, the total phosphorus is more than or equal to 1.2 percent, the lysine is more than or equal to 2.5 percent, the calcium is more than or equal to 1.5 percent, and the water content is less than or equal to 12.0 percent.
(7) Desalination of water
And 5, 7 days after 5 months, when the length of the fry reaches 1.5cm, desalting, and finally gradually reducing the salinity to 1. Carefully observing the activity state and ingestion condition of the fry during the salt reduction, stabilizing the water temperature at 10-15 ℃, and showing the salt reduction amplitude in table 2.
TABLE 2 salt reduction amplitude and days duration
(8) Large-scale seedling cultivation and domestication
6 months and 8 days, when the body length of the fry reaches more than 2.5cm, desalting the salinity to 1, transferring the fry into a fillet culture pond (four corners are subjected to smooth treatment) for culture, and breeding density is 800-1200 tails/m2And with the weight increase of the fish body, the fish bodies are properly separated into ponds, and the culture density is reduced. The bottom is sucked and water is changed once every day, the water changing amount is 20 percent, and when the dirt at the bottom of the pool is more, the pool is poured to clean in time. Feeding living fresh water cladocera or copepods when the fish is put into the pond, feeding the fish three times a day, wherein the daily feeding amount accounts for 10% of the weight of the fish.
After 6 months and 11 days, the artificial compound feed was acclimatized and fed. The artificial mixed feed is gradually added into the fresh water cladocera or copepods feed fed every day, the number of the fresh and alive feed is gradually reduced, and finally the fresh and alive feed is completely converted into the artificial mixed feed. And (3) completely adapting to the ingestion of the artificial mixed feed in 7 months and 2 days, feeding the artificial mixed feed 3 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 5 percent of the weight of the fish, and then switching to the commercial fish feeding stage. And culturing 72 thousands of large-size seedlings.
Wherein, the composition of the artificial compound feed is as follows: according to the weight percentage, the crude protein is more than or equal to 47.0 percent, the crude fat is more than or equal to 10.0 percent, the crude ash content is less than or equal to 15.0 percent, the crude fiber is less than or equal to 4.0 percent, the total phosphorus is more than or equal to 1.2 percent, the lysine is more than or equal to 2.5 percent, the calcium is more than or equal to 1.5 percent, and the water content is less than or equal to 12.0 percent.
The results of the embodiment show that the method is used for the culture link of the trachidermus fasciatus fry, can effectively improve the spawning rate, the hatching rate, the fry survival rate and the domestication success rate, and is a complete and efficient culture method of the trachidermus fasciatus fry.
Claims (6)
1. A method for breeding trachidermus fasciatus and breeding fry is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) overwintering period treatment
Preparing a seawater pond with a flat bottom and convenient water inlet and drainage, wherein the water depth is not less than 2 m; wild freshwater shrimps are caught and put into the pond to meet the requirement of the parent fish in the overwintering period;
(2) parent fish rearing
Selecting healthy individuals from wild harvested parent rough-skinned sculpin, carrying out medicated bath for 1-3 minutes by adopting a potassium permanganate aqueous solution with the concentration of 5-15 mg/L, putting the fresh-skinned sculpin into a seawater pond for overwintering, separating male and female fishes, and carrying out separation according to the ratio of 10-30 fishes/m2The density of the culture medium is put into a pool for culture; the salinity of the seawater pond is 20, live shrimps with the length of 3-5 cm are fed for 3-5 times every day according to 8-12% of the weight of the parent fish, the bottom of the pond is cleaned once every day, and dead parent fish and dead shrimps are picked out;
(3) artificial hasten parturition
The oxytocin is chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and/or luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue No. 2 (LHRH-A2), the dosage of HCG used singly is 2000-3000 IU/kg, the dosage of LHRH-A2 used singly is 10-20 mug/kg, and the dosage of HCG mixed with LHRH-A2 is HCG 1000-1500 IU/kg + LHRH-A25-10 mug/kg; the dosage of the male fish is halved, the injection liquid medicine amount of each 100g of male fish is 0.5-1 ml, one-time injection is carried out in the thoracic cavity, and the effect time of the medicine is 18-24 hours;
(4) spawning and fertilized egg collection
Select 10m2A spawning pond, egg collector at the bottom of the pond with density of 8-10 eggs/m2(ii) a The egg collectors are uniformly arranged, and a swimming space is reserved for the parent fish; submersible pumps are arranged at four corners of the spawning pond to ensure the water body in the pond to flow, and the spawning pond is shaded; after parent fishes enter the pond for 12 hours, chasing phenomena occur in individual male and female fishes, the parent fishes enter the pond for 15-20 hours to finish spawning and fertilization in an egg taking device, and egg blocks attached in the egg taking device contain 5000-10000 fertilized eggs;
(5) hatching of egg mass
Carefully taking down the egg mass from the egg collector, soaking and washing the egg mass for 5-10 minutes by potassium permanganate aqueous solution with the concentration of 10-15 mg/L or soaking and washing the egg mass for 5-10 minutes by 50ppm formaldehyde, and then putting the egg mass into an incubation groove for incubation; placing 15-20 egg blocks in each hatching tank, controlling the hatching water temperature at 8-10 ℃ and the hatching time at 24-26 days, and shading; the incubation tank keeps running water, and the incubation tank is required to be fresh in water quality, free of pollution, sufficient in dissolved oxygen, 7-8 in pH and 20 in salinity;
(6) culture of newly hatched fish
The hatching tank is arranged at the side of the culture pond, and the fish fry directly enters the fish fry culture pond from the water outlet after the film of the fish fry is broken; putting the fish fries with the same membrane breaking time into the same culture pond, wherein the stocking density is 1 ten thousand tails/m2The salinity of the incubation tank and the culture pond is the same, and the temperature difference of water is not more than 1 ℃; feeding is started 3-5 days after the membrane is broken, the seawater rotifer or fairy shrimp larvae are used as initial feed, the artemia are used as feed after 10 days, fresh water cladocera feed is fed after 30 days, and artificial compound feed is gradually added; after all the fish fries are converted into the artificial compound feed, feeding the fish fries three times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 4-6% of the weight of the fish fries; when the body length of the fry reaches 1.5cm, desalting, and finally reducing the salinity of the water body in the culture pond to 1;
(7) culturing and domesticating large-scale seedlings
When the fish fry body length reaches more than 2.5cm and the salinity of the water body in the culture pond is reduced to 1, the fish fry is put into the culture pondCultivating in an indoor cement pond with a stocking density of 1000 tails/m2Separating the fish bodies into pools along with the weight increase of the fish bodies; absorbing bottom and changing water once every day, wherein the water changing amount is 20 percent of the total volume of the water body; feeding live fresh water cladocera or copepods when the fries enter the pond, wherein the daily feeding amount accounts for 8-12% of the weight of the fries in the cement pond; after the fry is adapted to the environment, gradually adding artificial mixed feed into the bait fed every day, gradually reducing the number of fresh and live baits, and finally completely converting the baits into the artificial mixed feed; after the fry completely adapts to the artificial mixed feed, the artificial mixed feed needs to be fed for 3 times every day, and the feeding amount is 4-6% of the weight of the fry in the cement pond.
2. The method for breeding and culturing fry of Trachidermus fasciatus according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), wild living freshwater shrimps are captured in advance in the wintering link of parent fish, and cultured in the wintering pond to meet the food supply of Trachidermus fasciatus in the whole wintering period.
3. The method for breeding and culturing fry of trachidermus fasciatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the temperature of the culturing water is raised to 8-12 ℃, and artificial spawning is performed when parent trachidermus fasciatus develops to be bright in body color and the belly of female trachidermus fasciatus expands.
4. The method for breeding and culturing fry of trachidermus fasciatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (4), the spawn collector is arranged at the bottom of the spawning pond and made of transparent organic glass, the spawn collector is of a concave structure with the concave surface facing downwards, and one end of the spawn collector is supported and lifted by the support.
5. The method for breeding and cultivating fry of trachidermus fasciatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (5), the incubation tank is an integrated glass fiber reinforced plastic container with an upper cylindrical tank and a lower conical tank, the bottom of the conical tank faces upwards and is superposed with the bottom of the cylindrical tank, and a horizontal egg mass supporting net is fixed along the inner side of the joint of the cylindrical tank and the conical tank of the incubation tank; the water inlet pipe of the hatching tank is L-shaped and adopts an integrated structure of combining a horizontal pipe and a vertical pipe; the lower end of the vertical pipe extends into the conical groove body, the water outlet at the lower end of the vertical pipe is positioned in the center of the bottom in the incubation groove, one end of the horizontal pipe is a water inlet, and the upper part of the side surface of the incubation groove is provided with a water outlet and a seedling collecting opening, wherein the diameter of the water outlet is circular.
6. The method for breeding and culturing fry of trachidermus fasciatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein water enters the bottom center of the incubation tank to form an ascending water flow, so that the egg mass is in a suspended state; the hatching tank is supported beside the cultivating pool, and the hatched fry after membrane rupture directly enters the cultivating pool from the water outlet/fry collecting port.
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Application publication date: 20210831 |