CN113315730B - Time-frequency synchronization method based on filter multi-carrier system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a time-frequency synchronization method based on a filter multi-carrier system, which comprises the steps of carrying out offset quadrature amplitude modulation on a real number signal, and carrying out conjugation and addition on a modulation result to obtain a training sequence c; acquiring a training sequence x required by fixed frequency synchronization of the FBMC-OQAM system according to the c and the pseudorandom weighting factor r, and overlapping the x with a data signal to acquire an overlapped signal; performing coarse timing estimation on an overlapped signal received by a receiving end by using energy detection to obtain a coarse timing synchronization signal, and performing value taking on the coarse timing synchronization signal by using a sliding window; multiplying the value result by r, performing fast Fourier transform operation, and performing autocorrelation operation on the operation result to obtain a two-dimensional matrix B; obtaining an integer frequency offset estimation value and a fine timing estimation value through the B, and further determining a training sequence Q; performing fractional frequency offset estimation on the Q by using fast Fourier transform operation; the invention saves frequency spectrum resources and improves the precision of fine timing estimation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a time-frequency synchronization method based on a filter multi-carrier system.
Background
The european research project has developed a physical layer for dynamic access and cognitive radio. It is an enhancement to the conventional Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) scheme based on the Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC) technique. In fact, these two multicarrier techniques have much in common, since they are both based on Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT). The difference is that in the FBMC method, the FFT is supplemented by a set of digital filters called Polyphase networks (Polyphase networks), whereas in the OFDM method, a cyclic prefix is inserted after the FFT; as a result, the signal flow in the two systems may differ during data payload transmission. However, during the initialization phase at the beginning of the packet, many of the functions performed by OFDM may be transferred to FBMC and a high degree of compatibility may be achieved.
The motivation for the FBMC method comes from two features; in the time domain, the use of cyclic prefix is avoided, so that the radiation power can be fully utilized and the bit rate can be significantly improved. In the frequency domain, the leakage is very small and users can utilize independent groups of subchannels without synchronization. This property is critical in uplink transmissions or opportunistic communications. Additional increases in bit rate may also be achieved by better utilization of the frequency transmission mask.
Despite the advantages of FBMC-OQAM (Filter Bank Multi Carrier-Offset Quadrature Amplitude multiplex), time synchronization is an important issue for the performance of FBMC-OQAM systems, as with all other Multi-Carrier systems. Without Cyclic Prefix (CP) protection, any timing offset will affect the performance of the FBMC-OQAM system, let alone under high frequency offset; moreover, the high frequency offset has a significant effect on timing synchronization, which can affect the accuracy of fine timing estimation.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems.
Therefore, the invention provides a time-frequency synchronization method based on a filter multi-carrier system, which not only improves the accuracy of time-frequency synchronization, but also solves the problem of small frequency offset estimation range.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the method comprises the steps of carrying out offset quadrature amplitude modulation on real number signals, and then respectively carrying out conjugation and addition on modulation results a to obtain a training sequence c; cutting the training sequence c, multiplying the training sequence c by a pseudorandom weighting factor r to obtain a training sequence x required by fixed frequency synchronization of an FBMC-OQAM system, overlapping the training sequence x with a data signal by 3.5 × N fast Fourier transform points to obtain an overlapped signal, and then sending the overlapped signal to a receiving end through a sending end; performing coarse timing estimation on an overlapped signal received by a receiving end by using energy detection to obtain a coarse timing synchronization signal, and performing value taking on the coarse timing synchronization signal by using a 2N sliding window; multiplying the value result by a pseudorandom weighting factor r, then performing fast Fourier transform operation on the front half part and the rear half part of the value result, and performing autocorrelation operation on the result of the fast Fourier transform operation to obtain a two-dimensional matrix B; obtaining an integer frequency offset estimation value and a fine timing estimation value compensated by the integer frequency offset through the two-dimensional matrix B, and further determining a training sequence Q; performing fractional frequency offset estimation on the training sequence Q by using the fast Fourier transform operation; wherein, N is the number of points of the fast Fourier transform points.
As a preferred scheme of the time-frequency synchronization method based on the filter multi-carrier system, the method comprises the following steps: the real signal consists of 1 and-1.
As a preferred scheme of the time-frequency synchronization method based on the filter multi-carrier system, the method comprises the following steps: obtaining the training sequence x comprises conjugating the modulation result a to obtain a conjugation result b; staggering N Fourier transform points of the modulation result a and the conjugation result b, and then adding to obtain the training sequence c; and truncating the training sequence c by 1.5 × N Fourier transform points, and multiplying the truncated training sequence c by the pseudo-random weighting factor r to obtain the training sequence x.
As a preferred scheme of the time-frequency synchronization method based on the filter multi-carrier system, the method comprises the following steps: the pseudo-random weighting factor r consists of 1 or-1 and is a sequence.
As a preferred scheme of the time-frequency synchronization method based on the filter multi-carrier system, the method comprises the following steps: the overlapping signals received by the receiving end include,
wherein n is the number of bits of information data, y (n) is an overlapped signal received by the receiving end, s (n) is a transmission signal, w is zero-mean gaussian noise having unit variance, epsilon represents a carrier frequency deviation normalized by subcarrier spacing, and epsilon = epsilon I +ε F ，ε I Denotes the integer part,. Epsilon F Representing the fractional part.
As a preferred scheme of the time-frequency synchronization method based on the filter multi-carrier system, the method comprises the following steps: acquiring the two-dimensional matrix B comprises the following steps of carrying out fast Fourier transform operation on the first half part of a value taking result:
and performing fast Fourier transform operation on the second half of the value taking result, wherein the operation result is as follows:
combining the operation results to obtain the two-dimensional matrix B:
wherein j is an imaginary number, w' is gaussian noise, and B (n, K) represents a Kth Fourier change value obtained after the result of the fast Fourier transform operation is subjected to autocorrelation operation and fast Fourier transform operation; k =0,1,l, n-1; n represents the number of points of Fourier transform; k' represents a fourier change value obtained by a fast fourier transform operation.
As a preferred scheme of the time-frequency synchronization method based on the filter multi-carrier system, the method comprises the following steps: further comprising, obtaining the integer frequency offset estimation value and the fine timing estimation value compensated by the integer frequency offset according to the two-dimensional matrix B as follows:
t＝max{C'(n)}
wherein C' (n) is an array consisting of maximum values of | B (n, k) | of each row, t is the fine timing estimation value compensated by integer frequency offset,
the value is the integer frequency offset estimation value.
As a preferred scheme of the time-frequency synchronization method based on the filter multi-carrier system, the method comprises the following steps: the fractional frequency offset estimation comprises a step of,
wherein BB represents a KK-th Fourier change value obtained by performing autocorrelation operation and fast Fourier transform operation on a result of the fast Fourier transform operation, n 'is a fine timing estimation point compensated by integer frequency offset, k' is integer frequency offset,
is the result of fractional frequency offset estimation.
As a preferred scheme of the time-frequency synchronization method based on the filter multi-carrier system, the method comprises the following steps: the coarse timing estimation includes performing energy detection on the overlapped signal by using a sliding window with the size of N to obtain a coarse timing synchronization signal.
As a preferred scheme of the time-frequency synchronization method based on the filter multi-carrier system, the method comprises the following steps: and further comprising the following steps of obtaining a signal after the decimal frequency offset estimation is finished, and performing decimal frequency offset compensation on the signal:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the compensation result.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention uses less training sequences, thus saving frequency spectrum resources; and because the high frequency offset has great influence on the timing synchronization, the compensation of the integer frequency offset is carried out in the fine timing estimation, and the accuracy of the fine timing estimation is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a result of intercepting a sequence passing through an OQAM and a filter according to a time-frequency synchronization method of a filter-based multi-carrier system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a time-frequency synchronization method based on a filter multi-carrier system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a timing metric function curve of a time-frequency synchronization method based on a filter multi-carrier system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of mean square error estimation of frequency offset estimation of a time-frequency synchronization method based on a filter multicarrier system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, specific embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, wherein the cross-sectional views illustrating the structure of the device are not necessarily enlarged to scale, and are merely exemplary, which should not limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in the actual fabrication.
Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper, lower, inner and outer" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation and operate, and thus, cannot be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms first, second, or third are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The terms "mounted, connected and connected" in the present invention are to be understood broadly, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, for example: can be fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrally connected; they may be mechanically, electrically, or directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to fig. 2, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a time-frequency synchronization method based on a filter multi-carrier system, including:
s1: and carrying out offset quadrature amplitude modulation on the real number signal, and then respectively carrying out conjugation and addition on the modulation result a to obtain a training sequence c.
It should be noted that the real signal is composed of 1 and-1.
Conjugating a modulation result a of Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (OQAM) to obtain a conjugation result b:
b＝a *
further, the modulation result a and the conjugate result b are staggered by N Fourier transform points and then added to obtain a training sequence c;
wherein, N is the number of points of the fast Fourier transform points.
S2: cutting the training sequence c, multiplying the training sequence c by a pseudo-random weighting factor r to obtain a training sequence x required by fixed frequency synchronization of the FBMC-OQAM system, overlapping the training sequence x with a data signal by 3.5 × N fast Fourier transform points to obtain an overlapped signal, and then sending the overlapped signal to a receiving end through a sending end;
truncating the training sequence c by 1.5 × N Fourier transform points, and then multiplying by a pseudo-random weighting factor r to obtain the training sequence x required by the fixed frequency synchronization of an FBMC-OQAM (Filter Bank Multi-Carrier-Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) system, wherein the pseudo-random weighting factor is a sequence combined by 1 or-1.
Overlapping the training sequence x with the data signal by 3.5 × n fft points to obtain an overlapping signal, i.e. an overlapping signal received by the receiving end:
where n is the number of bits of information data, y (n) is an overlapped signal received by a receiving end, s (n) is a transmission signal, w is zero-mean gaussian noise having unit variance, epsilon represents Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) normalized by subcarrier spacing, and epsilon = epsilon I +ε F ，ε I Denotes the integer part,. Epsilon F Representing the fractional part.
S3: performing coarse timing estimation on an overlapped signal received by a receiving end by using energy detection to obtain a coarse timing synchronization signal, and performing value taking on the coarse timing synchronization signal by using a 2N sliding window;
and carrying out energy detection on the superposed signals by utilizing a sliding window with the size of N to obtain a coarse timing synchronization signal so as to reduce the calculation amount of subsequent steps.
S4: multiplying the value result by a pseudorandom weighting factor r, then carrying out fast Fourier transform operation on the front half part and the rear half part of the value result, and carrying out autocorrelation operation on the result of the fast Fourier transform operation to obtain a two-dimensional matrix B;
and (3) carrying out fast Fourier transform operation on the first half part of the value taking result, wherein the operation result is as follows:
and performing fast Fourier transform operation on the second half of the value taking result, wherein the operation result is as follows:
and combining the operation results and obtaining a two-dimensional matrix B through autocorrelation operation, wherein the specific calculation process is as follows:
the real operation is performed on B (n, k), and when the timing synchronization is accurate, the real operation may be equivalent to:
wherein j is an imaginary number, w' is Gaussian noise, and B (n, K) represents a Kth Fourier change value obtained by performing autocorrelation operation and fast Fourier transform operation on a result of fast Fourier transform operation; k =0,1,l, n-1; n represents the number of points of Fourier transform; k' represents a fourier change value obtained by a fast fourier transform operation.
S5: obtaining an integer frequency offset estimation value and a fine timing estimation value compensated by the integer frequency offset through a two-dimensional matrix B, and further determining a training sequence Q;
the integer frequency offset estimation value obtained according to the two-dimensional matrix B and the fine timing estimation value compensated by the integer frequency offset are respectively as follows:
t＝max{C'(n)}
wherein C' (n) is an array consisting of maximum values of | B (n, k) | of each row, t is a fine timing estimation value compensated by integer frequency offset,
the value is an integer frequency offset estimate.
S6: performing decimal frequency offset estimation on the training sequence Q by utilizing fast Fourier transform operation;
wherein BB represents the KK-th Fourier transform obtained by performing autocorrelation operation and fast Fourier transform operation on the result of the fast Fourier transform operationThe quantized value, n 'is the fine timing estimation point compensated by integer frequency offset, k' is integer frequency offset,
is the result of fractional frequency offset estimation.
Further, after the decimal frequency offset estimation is completed, a signal is obtained, and decimal frequency offset compensation is performed on the signal:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
to compensate for the result.
Example 2
In order to verify and explain the technical effects adopted in the method, the embodiment selects the traditional algorithm and the SC algorithm and adopts the method to perform comparison test, and compares the test results by means of scientific demonstration to verify the real effect of the method.
In order to verify that the frequency offset estimation of the method is more accurate than that of the traditional algorithm and the SC algorithm, the SC algorithm and the method are respectively compared with the mean square error calculation of the frequency offset estimation.
Setting parameters:
table 1: FBMC system simulation parameter table.
| System parameter | Channel with a plurality of channels | Number of FFT points | Number of symbols | Overlap factor | Timing offset | Frequency offset |
| Value taking | AWGN | 1024 | 10 | 4 | 513 | 2.123 |
The results are shown in fig. 3 and 4, and referring to fig. 3, timing metric function curves of two timing synchronization algorithms under AWGN channel conditions are shown, the conventional algorithm has no sharp peak, and the attenuation at both ends is reduced; compared with the method, the method has sharp peak without being interfered by side lobes around the timing point, and can achieve higher timing accuracy rate; referring to fig. 4, it is shown that the mean square error of the SC algorithm is lower than that of the present algorithm at different signal-to-noise ratios under the same frequency offset. The frequency offset estimation herein is more accurate.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A time-frequency synchronization method based on a filter multi-carrier system is characterized in that: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
carrying out offset quadrature amplitude modulation on the real number signal, and then respectively carrying out conjugation and addition on the modulation results a to obtain a training sequence c;
cutting the training sequence c, multiplying the training sequence c by a pseudo-random weighting factor r to obtain a training sequence x required by fixed frequency synchronization of an FBMC-OQAM system, overlapping the training sequence x with a data signal by 3.5 × N fast Fourier transform points to obtain an overlapped signal, and then sending the overlapped signal to a receiving end through a sending end;
performing coarse timing estimation on an overlapped signal received by a receiving end by using energy detection to obtain a coarse timing synchronization signal, and performing value taking on the coarse timing synchronization signal by using a 2N sliding window;
multiplying the value result by a pseudorandom weighting factor r, then carrying out fast Fourier transform operation on the front half part and the rear half part of the value result, and carrying out autocorrelation operation on the result of the fast Fourier transform operation to obtain a two-dimensional matrix B;
obtaining an integer frequency offset estimation value and a fine timing estimation value compensated by the integer frequency offset through the two-dimensional matrix B, and further determining a training sequence Q;
performing fractional frequency offset estimation on the training sequence Q by using the fast Fourier transform operation;
wherein, N is the number of points of the fast Fourier transform points.
2. The filter multi-carrier system based time-frequency synchronization method of claim 1, wherein: the real signal consists of 1 and-1.
3. The filter multi-carrier system based time-frequency synchronization method of claim 2, wherein: obtaining the training sequence x may include obtaining the training sequence x,
conjugating the modulation result a to obtain a conjugation result b;
staggering N Fourier transform points of the modulation result a and the conjugation result b, and then adding to obtain the training sequence c;
and truncating the training sequence c by 1.5 × N Fourier transform points, and multiplying the truncated training sequence c by the pseudo-random weighting factor r to obtain the training sequence x.
4. The filter-based multi-carrier system time-frequency synchronization method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the pseudo-random weighting factor r consists of 1 or-1 and is a sequence.
5. The filter-based multi-carrier system time-frequency synchronization method according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein: the overlapping signals received by the receiving end include,
wherein n is the number of bits of information data, y (n) is an overlapped signal received by the receiving end, s (n) is a transmission signal, w is zero-mean gaussian noise having unit variance, epsilon represents a carrier frequency deviation normalized by subcarrier spacing, and epsilon = epsilon I +ε F ，ε I Denotes the integer part,. Epsilon F Representing the fractional part.
6. The filter-based multi-carrier system time-frequency synchronization method of claim 5, wherein: the obtaining of the two-dimensional matrix B comprises,
and (3) carrying out fast Fourier transform operation on the first half part of the value taking result, wherein the operation result is as follows:
and performing fast Fourier transform operation on the latter half of the value taking result, wherein the operation result is as follows:
combining the operation results to obtain the two-dimensional matrix B:
wherein j is an imaginary number, w' is gaussian noise, and B (n, K) represents a Kth Fourier change value obtained after the result of the fast Fourier transform operation is subjected to autocorrelation operation and fast Fourier transform operation; k =0,1, \8230, N-1; n represents the number of points of Fourier transform; k' represents a fourier change value obtained by a fast fourier transform operation.
7. The filter-based multi-carrier system time-frequency synchronization method of claim 2 or 6, wherein: also comprises the following steps of (1) preparing,
the integer frequency offset estimation value obtained according to the two-dimensional matrix B and the fine timing estimation value compensated by the integer frequency offset are as follows:
t＝max{C'(n)}
wherein C' (n) is an array consisting of | B (n, k) | maximum value of each row, t is the fine timing estimation value compensated by integer frequency offset,
the value is the integer frequency offset estimation value.
8. The filter multi-carrier system based time-frequency synchronization method of claim 1, wherein: the fractional frequency offset estimation comprises a fractional frequency offset estimation,
wherein BB represents a KK-th Fourier change value obtained by performing autocorrelation operation and fast Fourier transform operation on a result of the fast Fourier transform operation, n 'is a fine timing estimation point compensated by integer frequency offset, k' is integer frequency offset,
is the result of fractional frequency offset estimation.
9. The filter multi-carrier system based time-frequency synchronization method of claim 8, wherein: the coarse timing estimate may comprise a coarse timing estimate of,
and carrying out energy detection on the overlapped signals by utilizing a sliding window with the size of N to obtain a coarse timing synchronization signal.
10. The filter multi-carrier system based time-frequency synchronization method of claim 1, wherein: also comprises the following steps of (1) preparing,
after the decimal frequency offset estimation is finished, obtaining a signal, and performing decimal frequency offset compensation on the signal:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
to compensate for the result.
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